Analysis of Retained and Bycatch Fish in New Zealand Orange Roughy Fisheries. Report Prepared
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Analysis of retained and bycatch fish in New Zealand orange roughy fisheries Ministry for Primary Industries, 2015 Fish bycatch in each of the three fisheries under assessment for MSC certification was analysed to determine catch volume and identify any species that met the MSC criteria as ‘main species’ for the purposes of this assessment. The fisheries used to define catches match the agreed Unit of Certification - all fishing effort reported as targeting orange roughy (ORH), oreo (OEO), black oreo (BOE), and smooth oreo (SSO) within the designated area (See Figure 1 for fishery area). Figure 1: Orange roughy fishery areas for MSC Certification Catch levels were considered in light of the MSC criteria for ‘main’ retained and bycatch species of: Any species which makes up more than 5% of the total catch Any ‘vulnerable’ species (defined as any elasmobranch) that makes up more than 1% of the total catch Method These analyses used the observed catch in each fishery over the most recent four or five years, depending on the data available. Once the observed catch of each species was quantified it was then scaled up based on the proportion of total effort observed in each year. Total effort (observed and unobserved) was determined from reported target tows in the relevant areas from commercially reported data on statutory reporting forms (Trawl catch effort processing returns (TCEPR) and trawl catch effort returns (TCER). The scaled up total annual catch was used to calculate the proportion of the total catch made up by each species, and an average annual catch was calculated. All non-fish catch and benthic organisms were removed from the dataset, although species such as squid are included. For each fishery, results are tabulated by QMS species, all non-QMS species, and elasmobranchs. For any species where the criteria were met for the species to be assessed as a ‘main’ species, additional information is provided on the catch for that species within the wider ‘stock’ area (fisheries management area), and across the entire EEZ. These catch estimates are based on observed catches for each area, scaled up by Regulation & Assurance Fisheries Management Directorate Pastoral House, 25 The Terrace, PO Box 2526 Wellington 6140, New Zealand Telephone: 0800 00 83 33, Facsimile: +64-4-894 0300 www.mpi.govt.nz an estimate of the total effort observed in each area. The total effort for each area was calculated using reported tows (for all target species) from statutory reporting forms. For these analyses, information is provided on overall catch reported under the two generic reporting codes, ‘Other sharks and dogfish’, and ‘deepwater dogfish’. These codes have historically been used for non-QMS species which are not retained. Work has been underway to reduce the use of these codes to better inform actual catch of all elasmobranchs at the species level. Northwest Chatham Rise Available data for the Northwest Chatham Rise covers four years, the commercial fishery was not fished as the result of an agreement with industry from 2010 to 2013, therefore, effort was low in the most recent three years, with data from only two of the three years considered adequate to use in this analysis. Reported catch from the Northwest Chatham Rise, was predominantly comprised of QMS species orange roughy and hoki (82% of total catch). The hoki fishery in this area is already MSC Certified and, therefore is not considered to require further attention. None of the non-QMS (bycatch) species made up greater than 5% of the four-year annual catch, the largest was rattails which made up 4.7%. One elasmobranch species group (Deepwater dogfish) was calculated to have made up 1.1% of the total catch over the 4-year period. For the Northwest Chatham Rise, only ‘Deepwater dogfish’ was considered to meet the criteria as a ‘main’ species. However, information is provided for the ‘stock’ area and the entire EEZ for the top three elasmobranch species or species groups, Deepwater dogfish, Other sharks and dogfish, and Baxter’s lantern dogfish (Etmopterus baxteri). East and South (E&S) Chatham Rise Available data for the E&S Chatham Rise covers the most recent five years bar 2012/13, where observer coverage was not considered adequate to include in this analysis. Reported catch from the E&S Chatham Rise is predominantly comprised of QMS species orange roughy and smooth oreo (90.1%). No other species comprise more than 5% of the total catch in this unit of certification. Information is provided on the spreadsheet on how reporting of catch using the generic ‘oreos’ (OEO) code was split into smooth and black oreo for this analysis. The most recent stock assessment for smooth oreo on the Chatham Rise was completed in 2012 and estimated B2010 to be at 41% B0. An updated assessment was undertaken in 2014 which is currently being finalised. None of the non-QMS species made up more than 5% of the total catch from the Unit of Certification. One elasmobranch species, Baxter’s lantern dogfish (Etmopterus baxteri), made up 1% of the total catch and additional information is provided for this species. In addition, a brief analysis is provided on the top three elasmobranch species, and a ‘worst-case’ scenario which assumes that all of the fish reported as ‘Deepwater dogfish’ and ‘Other sharks and dogfish’ were Baxter’s lantern dogfish. Challenger Plateau Data for the Challenger fishery (ORH 7A+ Westpac Bank) includes all observed information for 2008/09 to 2012/13. The majority of this data is from research trips using commercial vessels, as the fishery only re- opened with a relatively small TACC in 2010/11. No species other than orange roughy made up more than 5% or 1% of the total catch over the period of the analysis. 2 Northwest Chatham Rise ORH fishery: QMS (retained) species All commercial tows 186 280 11 13 All obs tows 66 87 5 9 Percentage of tows observed 35.5% 31.1% 45.5% 69.2% Scaled up Average Species 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2012/13 total 4 yr % total catch annual catch catch Unit kg % tonnes kg % tonnes kg % tonnes kg % tonnes tonnes % tonnes Orange roughy 330,650 80.4% 931.8 183,758 61.4% 591.4 13,971 92.1% 30.7 77,924 97.3% 112.6 1,666.5 73.4% 416.6 Hoki 21,364 5.2% 60.2 40,245 13.5% 129.5 8 0.1% 0.0 53 0.1% 0.1 189.8 8.4% 47.5 Smooth oreo 11,863 2.9% 33.4 5,431 1.8% 17.5 76 0.5% 0.2 586 0.7% 0.8 51.9 2.3% 13.0 Hake 2,394 0.6% 6.7 2,382 0.8% 7.7 0.0% 0.0 6 0.0% 0.0 14.4 0.6% 3.6 Pale ghost shark 254 0.1% 0.7 777 0.3% 2.5 6 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 3.2 0.1% 0.8 Ghost shark 551 0.1% 1.6 428 0.1% 1.4 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 2.9 0.1% 0.7 Ribaldo 414 0.1% 1.2 157 0.1% 0.5 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 1.7 0.1% 0.4 Cardinal fish 92 0.0% 0.3 120 0.0% 0.4 43 0.3% 0.1 33 0.0% 0.0 0.8 0.0% 0.2 Black oreo 39 0.0% 0.1 34 0.0% 0.1 1 0.0% 0.0 191 0.2% 0.3 0.5 0.0% 0.1 Ling 87 0.0% 0.2 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.2 0.0% 0.1 Spiky oreo 56 0.0% 0.2 10 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.2 0.0% 0.0 King crab 21 0.0% 0.1 30 0.0% 0.1 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.2 0.0% 0.0 Smooth skate 0.0% 0.0 22 0.0% 0.1 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.1 0.0% 0.0 Lookdown dory 9 0.0% 0.0 1 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0% 0.0 Flatfish 5 0.0% 0.0 2 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0% 0.0 Sea perch 6 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0% 0.0 Giant stargazer 0.0% 0.0 5 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0% 0.0 Alfonsino 4 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0% 0.0 Rough skate 3 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0% 0.0 Spiny dogfish 2 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0% 0.0 Arrow squid 0.0% 0.0 2 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0 QMS Species total 367,814 89.5% 1,036.6 233,404 78.0% 751.2 14,105 92.9% 31.0 78,793 98.4% 113.8 1,932.6 85.1% 483.1 ALL SPECIES TOTAL 411,150 100.0% 1,158.7 299,080 100.0% 962.6 15,177 100.0% 33.4 80,108 100.0% 115.7 2,270.4 100.0% 567.6 Where 4‐year annual %age catch exceeds 5% for the species 3 Northwest Chatham Rise ORH fishery: non‐QMS (bycatch) species All commercial tows 186 280 11 13 All obs tows 66 87 5 9 Percentage of tows observed 35.5% 31.1% 45.5% 69.2% Scaled up Average % total Species 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2012/13 total 4 yr annual catch catch catch Units kg % tonnes kg % tonnes kg % tonnes kg % tonnes tonnes % tonnes Rattails 6,124 1.5% 17.3 28,112 9.4% 90.5 12 0.1% 0.0 12 0.0% 0.0 107.8 4.7% 26.9 Slickhead 10,771 2.6% 30.4 10,894 3.6% 35.1 1 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 65.4 2.9% 16.4 Morids 1,580 0.4% 4.5 8,971 3.0% 28.9 23 0.2% 0.1 0.0% 0.0 33.4 1.5% 8.3 Deepwater dogfish (Unspecified) 4,504 1.1% 12.7 3,531 1.2% 11.4 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 24.1 1.1% 6.0 Other Sharks and Dogfish* 2,903 0.7% 8.2 2,590 0.9% 8.3 0.0% 0.0 85 0.1% 0.1 16.6 0.7% 4.2 Baxter's lantern dogfish 1,713 0.4% 4.8 1,550 0.5% 5.0 794 5.2% 1.7 994 1.2% 1.4 13.0 0.6% 3.2 Johnson's cod 3,534 0.9% 10.0 1,231 0.4% 4.0 66 0.4% 0.1 33 0.0% 0.0 14.1 0.6% 3.5 Long‐nosed chimaera 2,024 0.5% 5.7 2,758 0.9% 8.9 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 14.6 0.6% 3.6 Basketwork eel 2,204 0.5% 6.2 906 0.3% 2.9 15 0.1% 0.0 1 0.0% 0.0 9.2 0.4% 2.3 Four‐rayed rattail 2,733 0.7% 7.7 4 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 7.7 0.3% 1.9 Warty squid 1,191 0.3% 3.4 829 0.3% 2.7 2 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 6.0 0.3% 1.5 Shovelnose dogfish 1,171 0.3% 3.3 209 0.1% 0.7 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 4.0 0.2% 1.0 Seal shark 233 0.1% 0.7 987 0.3% 3.2 7 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 3.8 0.2% 1.0 Longnose velvet dogfish 310 0.1% 0.9 516 0.2% 1.7 1 0.0% 0.0 19 0.0% 0.0 2.6 0.1% 0.6 Plunket's shark 205 0.0% 0.6 167 0.1% 0.5 131 0.9% 0.3 150 0.2% 0.2 1.6 0.1% 0.4 Violet cod 445 0.1% 1.3 90 0.0% 0.3 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 1.5 0.1% 0.4 Smooth skin dogfish 395 0.1% 1.1 108 0.0% 0.3 7 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 1.5 0.1% 0.4 Leafscale gulper shark 90 0.0% 0.3 325 0.1% 1.0 10 0.1% 0.0 13 0.0% 0.0 1.3 0.1% 0.3 Deepsea skates 0.0% 0.0 383 0.1% 1.2 1 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 1.2 0.1% 0.3 Javelinfish 278 0.1% 0.8 72 0.0% 0.2 0.0% 0.0 1 0.0% 0.0 1.0 0.0% 0.3 Toadfish 249 0.1% 0.7 89 0.0% 0.3 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 1.0 0.0% 0.2 Skate, Other 333 0.1% 0.9 3 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 1 0.0% 0.0 0.9 0.0% 0.2 Roughskin dogfish 23 0.0% 0.1 288 0.1% 0.9 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 1.0 0.0% 0.2 Chimaera spp.