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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,918,354 B2 Perriello (45) Date of Patent: Jul.19, 2005

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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,918,354 B2 Perriello (45) Date of Patent: Jul.19, 2005 USOO6918354B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,918,354 B2 Perriello (45) Date of Patent: Jul.19, 2005 (54) METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR BUTANE 3,813,290 A 5/1974 Heiwei et al. ENHANCEDAQUATIC PLANT AND ANIMAL GROWTH (Continued) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (75) Inventor: Felix Anthony Perriello, Norwood, MA JP T-50955 2/1995 .......... AO1 K/63/O2 (US) JP 10306003 A * 11/1998 .......... AO1N/43/16 (73) Assignee: Global BioSciences, Inc., North WO WO 3O37O66 A2 5/2003 Attleborough, MA (US) WO WO 03/053143 A2 * 7/2003 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Schmidt et al. 2004. Gas hydrates and methane plumes at U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. Hydrate Ridge. 13 pages.* Anonymous. undated. Lost City Expedition. at http://ww w.lostcity.washington.edu/science/instruments/.* (21) Appl. No.: 10/324,256 Cary et al. 1988. Mussel growth supported by methane as (22) Filed: Dec. 19, 2002 sole carbon and energy source. Science 240: 78-80.* Toccalino et al., “Nitrogen Limitation and Nitrogen Fixation (65) Prior Publication Data during Alkane Biodegradation in a Sandy Soil, Applied and US 2003/016768.6 A1 Sep. 11, 2003 Environmental Microbiology, Sep.1993; p. 2977-2983, vol. 59, No. 9. Related U.S. Application Data N. Hamamura et al., “Diversity in Butane Monooxygenases Among Butane-Grown Bacteria, Applied and Environmen (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 10/282,891, filed on tal Microbiology, vol. 65, No. 10, Oct. 1999, pp. 4586-4593. Oct. 29, 2002. (60) Provisional application No. 60/343,042, filed on Dec. 20, Primary Examiner Jeffrey L. Gellner 2001. (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Alan G Towner, Esq.; (51) Int. Cl........................... A01K 61/02; AO1G 7/00; Robert P. Lenart, Esq.; Pietragallo, Bosick & Gordon AO1G 33/00 (57) ABSTRACT (52) U.S. Cl. ..................................... 119/231; 47/58.1 R (58) Field of Search ................................. 119/231, 268, A method of enhancing aquatic organism growth is pro 119/263; 47/58.1 R, 1.4 Vided. The method comprises the Step of introducing an alkane into water containing the organism. The alkane can (56) References Cited be introduced intermittently, either alone or with another gas Such as oxygen. Nutrients can be introduced with the alkane U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS or Separately. The alkane can comprise a butane Substrate 3,183,171 A 5/1965 Schreiner and can include at least one of n-butane and iso-butane. The 3,184,891 A 5/1965 Frantzen organism can be selected from the group of: fish, 3,185,117 A 5/1965 Frantzen crustaceans, mollusks, algae and aquatic plants. Organisms 3,361,555 A 1/1968 Herschler grown by the method and Systems for practicing the method 3,372,658 A 3/1968 Ammann .................... 111/119 are also included. 3,474,001. A 10/1969 Leavitt 3,550,319 A 12/1970 Gaines, Jr. 3,661,549 A 5/1972 Freytag et al. 39 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets US 6,918,354 B2 Page 2 U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 6,110,372 A 8/2000 Perriello 6,156.203 A 12/2000 Anthony 4,119,429 A 10/1978 Lovness 6,194,193 B1 2/2001 Drahos et al. if 3. Star 6,210,579 B1 4/2001 Perriello 4,713,3432 A 12/1987f Wilson,tarr Jr. et al. 6,244,346 B1 6/2001 Perriello 5,147,441. A 9/1992 Megeed 6,245.235 B1 6/2001 Perriello 5,266,096 A 11/1993 Slavensky 6,474.264 B1 * 11/2002 Grimberg et al. ........... 119/231 5,441.885. A 8/1995 Goldberg et al. 6,488.850 B2 12/2002 Perriello 5,697,186 A 12/1997 Neyra et al. 2003/0041515 A1 3/2003 Layzell et al. 5,733,355 A 3/1998 Hibino et al. 2003/0084609 A1 5/2003 Perriello et al. 58O2.996 A 9/1998 Baxter 2003/016768.6 A1 9/2003 Perriello 5,888,3962Y-Y-12 A 3/1999 Perriello 2003/02O1227 A1 : 10/2003 Perriello ..................... 210/610 5,951,978 A 9/1999 Redkina 6,105,309 A 8/2000 Takayanagi * cited by examiner U.S. Patent Jul. 19, 2005 Sheet 1 of 6 US 6,918,354 B2 FIG. f. U.S. Patent Jul.19, 2005 Sheet 2 of 6 US 6,918,354 B2 FIG.2b FIG. 2C U.S. Patent Jul.19, 2005 Sheet 3 of 6 US 6,918,354 B2 U.S. Patent Jul.19, 2005 Sheet 4 of 6 US 6,918,354 B2 FIG. 4 U.S. Patent Jul.19, 2005 Sheet 5 of 6 US 6,918,354 B2 U.S. Patent Jul.19, 2005 Sheet 6 of 6 US 6,918,354 B2 16 ) GAS SOURCE Y-24 CONTROLLER SOURCEAKANE-2 FIG. 6 US 6,918,354 B2 1 2 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR BUTANE ducing an alkane into water containing the organism. The ENHANCEDAQUATIC PLANT AND ANIMAL alkane can be introduced intermittently, either alone or with GROWTH another gas Such as oxygen. Nutrients can be introduced with the alkane or Separately. The alkane can comprise a CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED butane Substrate and can include at least one of n-butane and APPLICATION iso-butane. This application is a Continuation-in-part of U.S. patent The means for introducing an alkane can comprise at least application, Ser. No. 10/282,891, filed Oct. 29, 2002, the one injector in flow communication with an alkane Source, disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and wherein at least a portion of the injector is positioned in the claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application water. The alkane Source can comprise a butane cylinder in Ser. No. 60/343,042, filed Dec. 20, 2001. flow communication with a Source of pusher gas. The butane Substrate can be Supplied to the injector in gaseous or liquid FIELD OF THE INVENTION form. The present invention provides enhanced growth of aquatic plants and animals. More particularly, the invention 15 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS provides methods and apparatus for using alkanes, Such as FIG. 1 is a pictorial representation of an experimental tank butane, in order to Stimulate aquatic plants and animal Setup for butane-enhanced fish growth. growth. FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c are pictorial representations of BACKGROUND INFORMATION experimental tank Setups. The two upper photographs show control fish tanks. The lower photograph shows a butane Only in unique environmental situations do Species of enhanced fish tank. organisms live entirely alone. Communities almost always have mixed populations. Due to this variety, many types of FIG. 3 is a pictorial representation illustrating a Small interactions, Some beneficial, others not, are possible due to Snail grown in a control fish tank versus a large Snail which the members of an ecosystems (fresh water or salt-water) 25 exhibited accelerated growth in a butane-enhanced tank. community. Symbiosis, the intimate living together of two FIG. 4 is a pictorial representation illustrating a relatively or more kinds of plants and/or organisms in a mutually Small fish grown in a control tank in comparison with a beneficial environment has played a key role in the evolution relatively large fish exhibiting accelerated growth in a of many species. butane-enhanced tank. In natural environments, many types of Symbiosis are FIG. 5 is a pictorial representation illustrating a relatively easily discernible, for example, the rhinoceros and parasite Small fish grown in a control tank in comparison with a feeding birds, the Shark and the pilot fish. Aphids Suck relatively large fish exhibiting accelerated growth in a phloem, removing certain amino acids, Sugars and other butane-enhanced tank. nutrients from it while excreting most of it as honeydew or FIG. 6 is a Schematic representation of a System for Sugar-lerp, where it is harvested by the Aborigines in Aus 35 enhancing aquatic organism growth constructed in accor tralia. Some species of aphids have been domesticated by dance with the invention. Several Species of ants. These aphids do not excrete their honeydew continuously, but only in response to caressing DETAILED DESCRIPTION movements of the ant's antennae and forelimbs. The aphids Butane can be used to enhance the growth of a wide involved in this symbiotic relationship with the ants have 40 variety of plant and animal organisms in aqueous environ lost all of their own natural defenses, including their hard ments Such as fresh water and Salt-water environments. By outer skeletons. The aphids rely entirely on their hosts for enhancing the entire ecosystem, organisms in a Symbiotic protection. In other cases, the relationship is not readily relationship directly accrue the benefits of the enhancement. apparent, Such as the leaf-cutter ants and bacteria that Thus, butane enhances the microbial populations in an produce antibiotics that increase the Survivability of the ant 45 ecosystem, Such as fungi, algae, phytoplankton, host. Zooplankton, and protists, as well as other microscopic and Commercial fish harvesters use a variety of amendments macroscopic organisms. Butane may stimulate the growth of to enhance fish growth. Some include Vitamins and other organisms at the bottom of the food chain, creating a chain nutrients to maintain good health and to help fish resist 50 reaction of increased food Source and opportunity for growth diseases. Other methods include genetic alteration and in numbers throughout the food chain. The addition of manipulation. butane may turn a fresh water or Salt water environment into a nutrient-rich Soup. This is especially important for filter SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION feederS Such as mollusks and the like.
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