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Keanekaragaman Serangga Pada Tanaman Kelapa Di Kelurahan Besar, Kecamatan Medan Labuhan, Sumatera Utara

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Keanekaragaman Serangga Pada Tanaman Kelapa Di Kelurahan Besar, Kecamatan Medan Labuhan, Sumatera Utara KEANEKARAGAMAN SERANGGA PADA TANAMAN KELAPA DI KELURAHAN BESAR, KECAMATAN MEDAN LABUHAN, SUMATERA UTARA SKRIPSI OLEH: ERIKA WAHYU HASIBUAN 120301183 AGROTEKNOLOGI/HPT PROGRAM STUDI AGROTEKNOLOGI FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2020 Universitas Sumatera Utara KEANEKARAGAMAN SERANGGA PADA TANAMAN KELAPA DI KELURAHAN BESAR, KECAMATAN MEDAN LABUHAN, SUMATERA UTARA SKRIPSI OLEH: ERIKA WAHYU HASIBUAN 120301183 AGROTEKNOLOGI/HPT Skripsi Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Untuk Dapat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana di Program Studi Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara PROGRAM STUDI AGROTEKNOLOGI FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2020 Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRACT Erika Wahyu Hasibuan, Insect Diversity in Coconut Plants in Kelurahan Besar, Medan Labuhan District, North of Sumatra. Undersupervised byAmeilia Zuliyanti Siregar, S.Si, M.Sc, Ph.D as main supervisor and Ir. Mukhtar Iskandar Pinem, M.Agr. as a vice supervisor. This research aims to determine the diversity of insects of coconut plant in Kelurahan Besar, Medan Labuhan District, North of Sumatra. The research was conducted in Kelurahan Besar, Medan Labuhan District, North of Sumatra started from June to July 2019 using diagonal methods (size sampler is 23 x 23 m) of 5 plots, eachs plot using 3 traps (sweep net, yellow trap, fit fall trap) for 5 x observations at 2 day intervals. The results showed consist of 9 orders insects were identified in the coconut plantations, 33 families, 43 genera with a total of 786 individuals. The most caught insect families are from the family Chironomidaea much as 357 individuals, followed by the Ceratopogonidae family of 116 individuals, and family Ectobiidae 102 individuals. Score of Absolute Density (AD), Relative Density (RD) are performed with fluctuating values. Based on insect status, there were 20 species is categorized into pests (720 individuals); predators (19 species, 59 individuals); parasitoids (4 species; 6 individuals) and 1 as pollinators is Luciliasp. When the Type of Richness Index value is calculated as R = 8.42, Evenness Index (E = 0.55), and Insect diversity index (H '= 2.07), which can be categorized as moderate, meaning that insect diversity is still commonly found in coconut palms. This criterion shows the diversity of pests and natural enemies which mutually increase in number of populations towards balance, where environmental conditions are not yet disturbed. Keywords: diversity, insects, coconut plants, pest, natural enemies Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK Erika Wahyu Hasibuan, Keanekaragaman Serangga pada Tanaman Kelapa di Kelurahan Besar, Kecamatan Medan Labuhan, Sumatera Utara. Di bawah bimbingan Ameilia Zuliyanti Siregar, S.Si, M.Sc, Ph.D sebagai ketua dan Ir. Mukhtar Iskandar Pinem, M.Agr. sebagai anggota.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman serangga pada tanaman kelapa di Kelurahan Besar Kecamatan Medan Labuhan, Sumatera Utara. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Besar, Kecamatan Medan Labuhan, Sumatera Utara dari bulan Juni sampai bulan Juli 2019 menggunakan metode diagonal (ukuranvsampel 23 x 23 m) berjumlah5 plot, masing masing plot menggunakan 3 perangkap (sweep net,yellow trap,fit fall trap) dilakukan sebanyak 5 x pengamatan dengan interval 2 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdiri dari 9 ordo serangga yang teridentifikasi, 33 famili, 43 genus dengan jumlah 786 ekor.Keluarga serangga yang paling banyak ditangkap adalah dari keluarga Chironomidae sebanyak 357 individu, diikuti oleh keluarga Ceratopogonidae yang terdiri atas 116 individu, dan keluarga Ectobiidae 102 individu.Nilai Frekuensi Mutlak (FM), Frekuensi Relatif (FR), Kerapatan Mutlak (KM), Kerapatan Relatif (KR) dilakukan dengan nilai berfluktuasi. Berdasarkan status serangga, ada 20 spesies yang dikategorikan menjadi hama (720 individu); predator (19 spesies, 59 individu); parasitoid (4 spesies; 6 individu) dan 1 sebagai penyerbuk adalah Lucilia sp.Manakala nilai Indeks Kekayaan Jenis dihitung sebesar R=8,42, Indeks Kemerataan (E=0.55),dan Indeks Keanekaragaman jenis serangga (H’=2.07) yang dapat dikategorikan sedang, yang berarti bahwa keanekaragaman serangga masih banyak ditemukan di pohon kelapa. Kriteria ini menunjukkan keanekaragaman hama dan musuh alami yang saling meningkatkan jumlah populasi menuju keseimbangan, dimana kondisi lingkungan belum terganggu. Kata kunci : keanekaragaman, serangga, tanaman kelapa, hama, musuh alami Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP Erika Wahyu Hasibuan, lahir di Medan pada tanggal12 Februari1995, yang merupakan anak pertama dari tiga bersaudara dari pasangan Bapak Irwan Hasibuan dan Ibu Arita Murni Nasution. Pendidikan formal yang pernah ditempuh penulis adalah tahun 2006 penulis tamat dari SD DR WAHIDIN SUDIROHUSODO Medan, tahun 2009 penulis tamat dari SMP DR WAHIDIN SUDIROHUSODO Medan, tahun 2012 tamat dari SMAN 16 Medan. Terdaftar sebagai mahasiswa pada Program Studi Agroekoteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara pada tahun 2012 melalui jalur UMB Mandiri. Selama mengikuti perkuliahan Penulis berkesampatan membantu dosen sebagai asisten dalam menjalankan praktikum di Laboratorium Pestisida dan Teknik Aplikasi pada tahun 2016. Penulis melaksanakan kegiatan Praktek Kerja Lapangan (PKL) di PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VI (Persero) Jambi pada Juli – Agustus 2015 dan melaksanakan penelitian di Kelurahan Besar, Kecamatan Medan Labuhan, Sumatera utara pada bulan Juni sampai Juli 2019. Universitas Sumatera Utara KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur penulis ucapkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat dan karunia-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan skirpsi ini . Adapun judul dari skripsi ini adalah “Keanekaragaman Serangga Pada Tanaman Kelapa Di Kelurahan Besar, Kecamatan Medan Labuhan, Sumatera Utara” yang merupakan salah satu syarat untuk dapat memperoleh gelar sarjana di Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara. Pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Komisi Pembimbing Ibu Ameilia Zuliyanti Siregar, S.Si, M.Sc, Ph.D sebagai ketua dan Bapak Ir. Mukhtar Iskandar Pinem, M.Agr. sebagai anggota, yang telah memberi arahan dan bimbingan kepada penulis. Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih belum sempurna. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangun demi kesempurnaan skripsi ini. Akhir kata penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu. Semoga skripsi ini bermanfaat bagi pihak yang membutuhkan. Medan, Juli2019 Penulis Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR ISI ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... i ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... ii RIWAYAT HIDUP ........................................................................................... iii KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................... iv DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................... v PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang .......................................................................................... 1 Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................................... 3 Hipotesa Penelitian .....................................................................................3 Kegunaan Penelitian ................................................................................. 3 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA Botani Tanaman ........................................................................................ 4 Keanekaragaman Serangga ........................................................................ 7 Hama Pada Tanaman Kelapa ..................................................................... 8 BAHAN DAN METODE TempatdanWaktuPenelitian ....................................................................... 12 BahandanAlatPenelitian ............................................................................ 12 PelaksanaanPenelitian ............................................................................... 12 Penentuan Lokasi Pengamatan ...................................................... 12 Pengambilan Sampel ...................................................................... 12 Perangkap jaring (sweep net) ......................................................... 13 Perangkap kuning (Yellow Trap) ................................................... 13 Perangkap jatuh (fit fall trap) ......................................................... 14 Metode Analisa Data ................................................................................. 14 Frekuensi Mutlak (FM) .................................................................. 14 Frekuensi Relatif (FR) ................................................................... 15 Kerapatan Mutlak (KM) ................................................................ 15 Kerapatan Relatif (KR) .................................................................. 15 Indeks Keanekaragaman Jenis Serangga ....................................... 15 Indeks Kemerataan ........................................................................ 16 Indeks Kekayaan Jenis ................................................................... 17 Pengukuran Faktor Lingkungan ..................................................... 17 Identifikasi Serangga ..................................................................... 18 Peubah
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