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Eine Historische Heuschrecken-Sammlung Aus Der Ehemaligen Naturwissenschaftlichen Abteilung Des Städtischen Museums Weimar 177-192 VERNATE 34/2015 S

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Eine Historische Heuschrecken-Sammlung Aus Der Ehemaligen Naturwissenschaftlichen Abteilung Des Städtischen Museums Weimar 177-192 VERNATE 34/2015 S ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Veröffentlichungen des Naturkundemuseums Erfurt (in Folge VERNATE) Jahr/Year: 2015 Band/Volume: 34 Autor(en)/Author(s): Köhler Günter Artikel/Article: Eine historische Heuschrecken-Sammlung aus der ehemaligen naturwissenschaftlichen Abteilung des Städtischen Museums Weimar 177-192 VERNATE 34/2015 S. 177-192 Eine historische Heuschrecken-Sammlung aus der ehemaligen naturwissenschaftlichen Abteilung des Städtischen Museums Weimar1) GÜNTER KÖHLER Zusammenfassung seas, mainly Australia, South-East Asia, South America and Africa. Most of all the taxa were already sampled Eine 1982 aus Weimar an das Museum der Natur Gotha during the late 19th century (labels from 1868-1894), and gekommene historische Sammlung an Geradflüglern only few specimen were added in 1954-56 by Walde- enthält in 8 Kästen insgesamt 265 genadelte und teils mar Stark, including some earwigs from Thuringia. Ac- gespannte Heuschrecken (104 Ensifera, 161 Caelifera) cording the existing labels, the exotic specimen origin und 19 Ohrwürmer (3 Arten), von denen nur ein Drittel from the collectors and natural history trademen Eduard grob etikettiert ist. Bei den Heuschrecken sind etwa 138 Dämel (Australia - ?1871-75) and Hans Fruhstorfer Exemplare in 41 Arten europäischen Ursprungs (u.a. (South Brazil - 1888; Ceylan, Malaysia - 1889, Java - Niedersachsen, Südtirol, Dalmatien) und 127 Exem- 1890). This collection contains the oldest documented plare überseeische Taxa, vor allem aus Australien, Süd- Orthoptera in a Thuringian Natural History Museum. ostasien, Südamerika und Afrika. Die meisten dieser Tiere wurden wohl im letzten Drittel des 19. Jh. (Etiket- Key words: Orthoptera, historical collection, Austra- ten 1868-1894) gesammelt, nur einige heimische Taxa, lia, Brazil, Dämel, Fruhstorfer darunter auch Ohrwürmer aus Thüringen, kamen als letzte erst 1954-56 durch Waldemar Stark hinzu. Nach den vorhandenen Etiketten zu urteilen, wurden exoti- 1. Einleitung sche Stücke von den Sammlern und Naturalienhänd- lern Eduard Dämel (Australien - ?1871-75) und Hans Aus Thüringer Naturkundemuseen sind orthopterolo- Fruhstorfer (Süd-Brasilien - 1888; Ceylon, Malaysia gische Sammlungen mit (heimischen wie exotischen) - 1889; Java - 1890) erworben. Die Sammlung enthält Exemplaren aus dem 19. Jh. bislang nicht dokumen- demnach die ältesten dokumentierten Heuschrecken- tiert worden. Dies hat seinen Grund vor allem in der Belege in einem thüringischen Museum. mangelhaften, oft überhaupt fehlenden Etikettierung (und damit nicht mehr nachvollziehbaren Herkunft) der Summary genadelten Stücke, was eine wissenschaftliche Auswer- tung unmöglich macht (WERNEBURG & MEY 2014). Dies A historical collection of Orthoptera of the former betrifft aus eigener Anschauung beispielsweise Ortho- Natural History section of the Weimar Municipial pteren aus dem Phyletischen Museum der Friedrich- Museum (Thuringia, Germany) Schiller-Universität Jena, die aus diesem Grunde auch A historical collection of Orthoptera, which in 1982 nicht in die Sammlungsübersicht aufgenommen wur- changed from Weimar to the Natural History Museum den (VON KNORRE 1983). Überdies ist der Verbleib von of Gotha, contains 8 insect drawers with a total of 284 Heuschrecken aus den Sammlungen von SCHRÖTER (18. pinned specimen (104 Ensifera, 161 Caelifera, 19 Der- Jh.), RUDOW (19. Jh.) und SCHMIEDEKNECHT (19./20. Jh.) maptera), but only one third of them is roughly labeled. unbekannt. Als ältester datierter Beleg für Thüringen Within the Orthoptera, about 138 specimen in 41 spe- galt bisher eine Waldgrille, vom 19.VII.1902 in Jena cies origin from Europe (e.g. Lower Saxony, South Ty- (ohne Sammlerangabe), die im Deutschen Entomolo- rol, Dalmatia), whereas 127 individuals are from over- gischen Institut Eberswalde (jetzt Senckenberg DEI Müncheberg) aufbewahrt wird (KÖHLER 2001). Erst die abermalige Aufarbeitung der Heuschrecken aus 1 Herrn Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Zimmermann, langjähriger Direktor des der Sammlung (und dem Zettelkatalog) von Alexander Museums der Natur Gotha, in herzlicher Verbundenheit zum 80. Ge- burtstag gewidmet. Reichert am Naturkundemuseum Leipzig durch Diet- 177 mar Klaus brachte ein weiteres Waldgrillen-Weibchen Schwabe als Direktor vorstand. Zu dieser Zeit wurden dieses Datums zutage, das möglicherweise derselben in den Beständen bereits 7259 Insekten katalogisiert Serie angehört, die von Reichert gesammelt und verteilt (JAHN 2011). Die rasch zunehmende vorgeschichtli- wurde. Es tauchten sogar erstmals Belege für Thürin- che Sammlung, die schon 1921 eine gewisse Spezia- gen vom Ende des 19. Jh. auf: Conocephalus discolor, lisierung zur Folge hatte, war der Grund für ein 1949 Omocestus viridulus und Stenobothrus lineatus aus eröffnetes „Museum für Vorgeschichte“. In der Folge dem Kammerforst im Altenburg Land von 1896 (KLAUS kam es zur Auslagerung der zoologischen und mine- & SCHILLER 2005). ralogischen Bestände, die fortan als „Naturkundliche Vor dem Hintergrund dieser regionalen historisch- Schulsammlung des Rates der Stadt Weimar“ geführt faunistischen Kenntnisse zu Orthopteren wurde auch wurden. Unter Leitung von Georg Schwartz begannen die alte Weimarer Kollektion interessant, welche auf umfangreiche Pflege- und Ordnungsarbeiten, für die den ersten Blicken offensichtlich eine ganze Anzahl seit 1951 vier Bereichsmitarbeiter eingestellt wurden, an Belegtieren enthielt, die im letzten Drittel des 19. darunter Waldemar Stark für die Entomologie. Es folg- Jh. gesammelt wurden und auf unbekannten Wegen ten turbulente Jahre mit zeitweisen Schließungen auf- nach Weimar kamen. Der vorliegende Beitrag ist das grund anderweitiger Raumnutzungen (JAHN 2011). Ergebnis einer zumindest teilweisen Aufarbeitung die- In den Jahren 1971 und 1976 kam es nach Empfehlungen ser Sammlung, bei der letztlich nur die (mittel)europä- des Instituts für Museumswesen der DDR zu entspre- ischen Taxa vollständig gelistet werden, während die chenden Beschlüssen des Rates des Bezirkes Erfurt über überseeischen nur grob zusammenfassend behandelt die künftige Profilierung der Museen. In deren Folge ent- werden konnten. Dies liegt zum einen an der überwie- schied sich das Museum der Natur Gotha (unter ihrem genden Zahl unetikettierter Tiere, denen ohne jegliche damaligen Direktor Dr. Wolfgang Zimmermann) für die Herkunftshinweise kaum beizukommen ist, zum an- Entomologie als einen seiner beiden Sammlungsschwer- deren an fehlenden Kenntnissen des Autors bezüglich punkte (ZImmERMANN 1984). Infolgedessen kam die hier exotischer Großgruppen, Gattungen und Arten. Damit behandelte Kollektion an Heuschrecken - als Teil der bleibt der wissenschaftliche Ertrag zwar gering, doch bereits vor 1973 aufgelösten Weimarer naturkundlichen lohnt allein schon das wahrscheinliche Alter der mei- Sammlungen (Mitt. S. Herrmann) - im Jahre 1982 zu- sten Exemplare (aus dem letzten Drittel des 19. Jh.) sammen mit anderen Sammlungsteilen, deklariert als eine solche Aufarbeitung, finden sich doch hier die ¸Restbestände biologischer Sammlungen (Säugetiere, bislang ältesten datierten Heuschreckenbelege in einer Insekten, Alkoholsammlung), Übernahme aus dem vor- Thüringer Museumssammlung überhaupt, wenn auch maligen Naturkundemuseum Weimar‘, an das Museum leider keine nachweisbaren aus dem Freistaat selbst. der Natur Gotha (JOOST 1984), wo sie sich bis heute be- Überdies lassen sich anhand der vorhandenen Etiketten findet. Nach Abgabe von Weimarer Sammlungsteilen an und Artbelege einige Bausteine zur Entstehung dieser mehrere Thüringer Naturkundemuseen verblieben nur einstigen Weimarer Kollektion rekonstruieren. Originale bzw. Kopien der z. T. nicht vollständigen Be- standslisten in Weimar (Mitt. W. Steiner). Im Falle der Heuschrecken gab es entweder keine solchen Listen oder 2. Von Weimar nach Gotha deren Dokumentation ging verloren, so dass die Kollek- tion ohne weitere erhellende Informationen nach Gotha Im Jahre 1889 wurde in Weimar, maßgeblich beför- kam, wo weder der Ursprung dieser Sammlung (und vor dert durch die „Naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft zu allem noch der 42 Kästen exotischer Schmetterlinge des Weimar“ (1880 gegründet), ein Naturkundemuseum mit Sekretärs Kalbe) noch deren allmählicher Aufbau (in vier Abteilungen (darunter auch die Zoologie) eröff- Weimar) jemals geklärt werden konnten. Folgerichtig net, welches sowohl neue archäologische Grabungs- fanden diese Weimarer Altbestände in einem zusammen- funde als auch verschiedene Altbestände aus privaten fassenden Beitrag zu den wissenschaftlich bedeutenden Sammlungen des 19. Jh. zusammenfasste. Im Jahre entomologischen und arachnologischen Sammlungen 1903 in kommunale Verwaltung übernommen, wurde des Museums der Natur Gotha, die nach 1965 hinzuka- es das erste städtische Museum in Thüringen, dem B. men, keine Berücksichtigung (ZImmERMANN 1984). 178 3. Umfang, Zustand und Ordnung der Sammlung üblich), und aufgrund fehlender Nadeleinstiche in den Flügeln dürfte dies auch in derselben Weise, wie bei Die Sammlung wurde aus dem Museum der Natur Go- Schmetterlingen üblich, erfolgt sein. Wann die Präpara- tha - unmittelbar vor dessen Auszug aus dem Herzogli- tionen erfolgt sind, lässt sich nicht feststellen. chen Museum und vor Einlagerung der Sammlungen in Die Sammlung ist noch in Weimar mit einem hellgrau- das Perthes-Forum - vom Autor ausgeliehen (mit Leih- en Insektizidstaub (Schiefer-Lindan-Pulver, Mittg. R. vertrag vom 18.05.2010) und blieb bis zur Fertigstellung
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