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OCCASIONAL PAPER NO. 300 Records of the Zoological Survey of India Part-l : A review of studies on the chromosomes of Grasshoppers in India (1928-2006) ASHOK K. SINGH Part-2 : The nuclear phenotype of Xenocatantops humilis (Serville) (Orthoptera : Acrididae : Catantopinae), w.s.r. to supernumerary segments ASHOK K. SINGH Part-3 : Supernumerary chromosomes of Patanga succincta (Johansson) (Orthoptera : Acrididae : Cyrtacanthacridinae) ASHOK K. SINGH V. B. SINGH ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA OCCASIONAL PAPER No. 300 RECORDS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA Part·1 : A Review of studies on the chromosomes of Grasshoppers in India (1928·2006) Part·2 : The nuclear phenotype of Xenocatantops humilis (Serville) (Orthoptera : Acrididae : Catantopinae), w.s.r. to supernumerary segments ASHOK K. SINGH Cytotaxono,,,y Research Laboratory, Zoological Survey of India 27, lawahar Lal Nehru Road, Kolkata- 700016 Part·3 : Supernumerary chromosomes of Patanga succincta (Johansson) (Ortboptera : Acrididae : Cyrtacanthacridinae) ASHOK K. SINGH Zoological Survey of India, 27, lawahar Lal Nehru Road, Kolkata-700016 and V. B. SINGH Departmel1l of Zoology, Uda, Pratap Autonolnous College, Varanasi- 221002 Edited by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata Zoological Survey of India Kolkata CITATION Singh, 2009. A Review of studies on the chromosomes of Grasshoppers in India (1928- 2006) (Part-I) : 1-41 and The nuclear phenotype of Xenocatuntops "utlli/is (Serville) (Orthoptera : Acrididae : Catantopinae), w.s.r. to supernumerary segments (Part-2) : 43- 61; Singh and Si~gh, 2009. Supernumerary chromosomes of Patanga succincta (Johansson) (Orthoptera : Acrididae : CYl1acanthacridinae) (Part-3) : 63-72. Rec. zool. Surv. India, Occ. Paper No., 300 (Published by the Director, 2001. Surv. India, Kolkata) Published : August, 2009 ISBN 978-81-8171-227-1 © Govt. of India, 2009 All RIGHTS RESERVED • No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. • This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise disposed of without the publisher's consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published. • The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page. Any revised price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other means is incorrect and should be unacceptable. PRICE India : Rs. 150.00 Foreign: $10; £ 7 Published at the Publication Division by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, 234/4, A.J .C. Bose Road, 2nd MSO Building, Kolkata-700 020 and printed at Calcutta Repro Graphics, Kolkata-700 006 Records of the Zoological Survey of India OCCASIONAL PAPER Mo.. 2009 1-72 CONTENTS Part-l : A Review of studies on the chromosomes of Grasshoppers in India (1928-2006)..................................................................................................... 1-41 Part-2 : The nuclear phenotype of Xenocatantops humilis (Serville) (Orthoptera : Acrididae : Catantopinae), w.s.r. to supernumerary segments .......... 43-61 Part-3 : Supernumerary chromosomes of Patanga succincta (Johansson) (Onhoptera : Acrididae : Cyrtacanthacridinae) ......................................................... 63-72 Zoo I. Surv. I"dia Rec. zool. Surv. India, Occ. Paper No. 300(Part-l) : 1-41,2009 A REVIEW OF STUDIES ON THE CHROMOSOMES OF GRASSHOPPERS IN INDIA (1928-2006) ASHOK K. SINGH Cytotaxonon,y Research Laboratory Zoological Survey of India 27, lawahar Lal Nehru Road, Kolkata-7000J6 INTRODUCTION Three hundred ninety-three publications (including 200 abstract papers) have been recorded on Indian grasshoppers. 117 species of the grasshoppers have been utilized which revealed prolific choice of this insect as study material. Grasshoppers have also been extensively used in screening mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of a variety of chemicals and drugs (for total information please refer publication viz., Singh, A. K. 2002. A Catalogue of Experimental Studies on Grasshopper Chrolnosol1zes ill India 1928 to 2000. Rec. zoof. Surv. India, Occ. Paper No. 197 : 1-44.) The present review is a subject-wise presentation of the findings on the chromosomes. GENERAL CYTOGENETICS A Karyology Karyological characterization of grasshopper species for cytotaxonomical study, and detection of gross aberrations in chromosome number, morphology and sex-chromosome mechanism were the objectives outlined by the earlier cytologists. The group has long been recognized as chromosomally conservative. Majority of species have 19 xoa; 20 XX ~ (Pyrgomorphidae) and 23 xoa; 24 XX ~ (Acrididae) with all the members as rods. A variety of deviations from this uniformity have however been recorded in literature (Whitel973; Hewitt 1979). A serious problem encountered in karyology is genetically controlled variation in contraction within the chromosome complement of a cell. In addition, an "artificial" variation can also be introduced by the experimenter viz., on excessive concentration and length of pretreatment 2 Rec. zool. Surv. India, Dcc. Paper No. 300(part-l) with colchicine leading to differential contraction of euchromatin and heterochromatin (Smith 1965). On reliability of banding methods now in extensive use in karyology, utility of correct determination of chromosome length and arm length have been reduced. Underlying gross structural heterozygosities are also detected considerably. Study of the karyological features of a species and its populations are essential for understanding the evolution of the chromosomal changes in them. i) Chromosome number and morphology Cytqgenetic investigations on animal chromosomes in India started as early as 1928. It was Asana who initiated it with his observations on the spermatogenesis of a grasshopper species viz., Poeeiloeera pieta. The species has 2n = 19 with XO sex chromosomes in males. In 1931 Asana studied the spermatogenesis of 6 species belongi ng to the 4 subfamilies viz., Tryxalinae, Oedipodinae, Catantopinae and Pyrgomorphinae. He and his associate Mahabale in 1945 reported spermatogenesis of the desert locust Sehistoeerea gregaria. Asana in collaboration with Makino (1934) described the spermatogonial metaphase chromosomes of Poecilceerus pietus. With a cytotaxonomical approach Asana et ale (1939) analysed the chromosome complements of 6 species belonging to the subfamilies Acridinae, Oedipodinae and Catantopinae. They found that small dot like chromosomes were in no way characteristic of a subfamily. One, two or three such pairs were although recorded, but not uniformly in all the species studied under a subfamily. Rao made fairly extensive studies during 1932 to 1940 to trace chromosomal relationships in Indian Pyrgomorphinae. His comparative account of the chromosomes of eight genera of Indian Pyrgomorphinae (Rao 1937) is considered as the first comprehensive study of cytotaxonomical nature in India. He discovered that the size of chromosomes varied considerably in different genera. However, on analyzing the measurements of meiotic metaphase II chromosomes for sizes and seriation, there was some degree of uniformity within a subfamily. In this study he has shown that simple elimination of two pairs from the usual twenty three chromosomes of the complement in Acrididae does not explain fully karyologically any phylogenetic relationship of Pyrgomorphinae with Acrididae. Ray-Chaudhuri along with his collaborators started cytogenetic studies on grasshoppers in the late 1940s and made a substantial contribution particularly in the field of radiation cytogenetics. He ha~ first started research in Drosophila genetics at the Zoology Department, Calcutta University. But due to several technical limitations he switched over to work on the chromosomes of grasshoppers and other arthropods. Later he had revived his interest in Drosophila genetics with the help of Prof. 1.B.S. Haldane who had reestablished Drosophila genetics laboratory for him in the Department of Zoology, Calcutta University. By this time research laboratories in universities tackled a variety of problems of fundamental importance. Srivastava in Allahabad, Sharma in Chandigarh, Manna in Kalyani, Rajasekarasetty in Mysore~ Sharma, T in Banaras and Yadav in Kurukshetra, have been the major contributors in this field. SINGH: A rrvi,w of studies on tire clrronlosonles of grasshoppers in India (/928-2006) 3 Ray-Chaudhury and Dutt (1947) presented a comparative study of the chromosome structure and behaviour in three different genera, viz., SpathosternUl1l, Oxya and Phloeoba. They showed that an indirect proportionality between length and number of chiasmata existed in all the s~cies studied, and terminalization coefficients failed to show any significant increase from diplotene to metaphase I. They reported presence of a chiasma in the short arms or'the ring bivalents of Oxya sp. There is however controversy existing regarding occurrence of chiasma in the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes. Dult (1948a) on cytological investigation of genus Phlaeoba, recognized two different forms and assigned them as forms A and B. He sent the specimens to B.P. Uvarov of Imperial Bureau of Entomology in London for identification, who identified them as two separate species but had not assigned specific names to them. However, B.R. Seshachar of Bangalore identified them as one species Phlaeoba angusfidorsis.
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    Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France Inventaire et répartition géographique des Acridiens d'Afrique de l'Ouest (Orthoptera, Caelifera) Jacques Mestre, Joëlle Chiffaud Résumé Résumé. -Faisant suite aux divers travaux systématiques et faunistiques réalisés au cours des trente dernières années, les auteurs font le point sur l'inventaire et la répartition des Acridiens d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Les problèmes systématiques, en particulier les besoins de révision de genres, sont soulignés. La zone d'étude, au sud du 22°N, s'étend des îles du Cap-Vert au Tchad, englobant des milieux qui vont du désert à la forêt humide. On a recensé 363 espèces, appartenant à 184 genres ; une centaine d'entre elles ne sont signalées que de cette région, dont au moins une cinquantaine sont endémiques. Abstract Summary. -Checklist and geographical distribution of West african acridoids (Orthoptera, Caelifera). Following taxonomic and faunistic works of the thirty past years, acridoid species from West Africa are listed with their geographical distribution. Taxonomic problems, particularly genera in need of revision, are discussed. The area under study, south of 22°N, extends from Cape Verde Islands to Chad, with habitats lying from desert to humid forest. We record 363 species belonging to 184 genera ; about one hundred of them are known only from this area, and at least fifty are endemics. Citer ce document / Cite this document : Mestre Jacques, Chiffaud Joëlle. Inventaire et répartition géographique des Acridiens d'Afrique de l'Ouest (Orthoptera, Caelifera). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 102 (2), juin 1997. pp. 109-127; https://www.persee.fr/doc/bsef_0037-928x_1997_num_102_2_17316 Ressources associées : Orthoptera Fichier pdf généré le 24/09/2019 Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 102 (2), 1997 : 109-127.
  • A Multidisciplinary Approach to Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Australian Isoptera

    A Multidisciplinary Approach to Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Australian Isoptera

    Alma Mater Studiorum Università degli Studi di Bologna Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale Dottorato di Ricerca in Biodiversità ed Evoluzione XIX CICLO Settore Scientifico Disciplinare BIO-05 A Multidisciplinary Approach to Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Australian Isoptera Dr. Silvia Bergamaschi Coordinatore Prof. Giovanni Cristofolini Tutor Prof. Mario Marini Index I Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 1.1 – BIOLOGY 2 1.1.1 – Castes: 2 - Workers 2 - Soldiers 3 - Reproductives 4 1.1.2 – Feeding behaviour: 8 - Cellulose feeding 8 - Trophallaxis 10 - Cannibalism 11 1.1.3 – Comunication 12 1.1.4 – Sociality Evolution 13 1.1.5 – Isoptera-other animals relationships 17 1.2 – DISTRIBUTION 18 1.2.1 – General distribution 18 1.2.2 – Isoptera of the Northern Territory 19 1.3 – TAXONOMY AND SYSTEMATICS 22 1.3.1 – About the origin of the Isoptera 22 1.3.2 – Intra-order relationships: 23 - Morphological data 23 - Karyological data 25 - Molecular data 27 1.4 – AIM OF THE RESEARCH 31 Chapter 2 – Material and Methods 33 2.1 – Morphological analysis 34 2.1.1 – Protocols 35 2.2 – Karyological analysis 35 2.2.1 – Protocols 37 2.3 – Molecular analysis 39 2.3.1 – Protocols 41 Chapter 3 - Karyotype analysis and molecular phylogeny of Australian Isoptera taxa (Bergamaschi et al., submitted). Abstract 47 Introduction 48 Material and methods 51 Results 54 Discussion 58 Tables and figures 65 II Chapter 4 - Molecular Taxonomy and Phylogenetic Relationships among Australian Nasutitermes and Tumulitermes genera (Isoptera, Nasutitermitinae) inferred from mitochondrial COII and 16S sequences (Bergamaschi et al., submitted). Abstract 85 Introduction 86 Material and methods 89 Results 92 Discussion 95 Tables and figures 99 Chapter 5 – Morphological analysis of Nasutitermes and Tumulitermes samples from the Northern Territory, based on Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images (Bergamaschi et al., submitted).