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LITERATURE CITED

Abercrombie, M., C. J. Hichman, and M. L. Johnson. 1962. A Dictionary of Biology. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company.

Adkisson, C. S. 1996. Red Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra). In The Birds of North America, No. 256 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and the American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.

Agee, J. K. 1993. Fire ecology of Pacific Northwest forests. Island Press, Covelo, CA. Albert, S. K., N. Luna, and A. L. Chopito. 1995. Deer, small mammal, and songbird use of thinned piñon–juniper plots: preliminary results. Pages 54–64 in Desired future conditions for piñon–juniper ecosystems (D. W. Shaw, E. F. Aldon, and C. LaSapio, eds.). Gen. Tech. Rep. GTR–RM–258. Fort Collins, CO: Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Aldrich, J. W. 1946. New subspecies of birds from western North America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 59:129–136.

Aldrich, J. W. 1963. Geographic orientation of American Tetraonidae. Journal of Wildlife Management 27:529–545.

Allen, R. K. 1984. A new classification of the subfamily Ephemerellinae and the description of a new genus. Pan–Pacific Entomologist 60(3): 245–247.

Allen, R. K., and G. F. Edmunds, Jr. 1976. A revision of the genus Ametropus in North America (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 49:625–635.

Allen, R. P. 1958. A progress report on the wading bird survey. National Audubon Society, unpubl. rep., Tavernier, FL.

American Ornithologists’ Union. 1931. Check–list of North American birds. 4th ed. American Ornithologists’ Union, Lancaster, PA.

American Ornithologists’ Union. 1957. Check–list of North American birds, 5th ed. American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.

American Ornithologists’ Union. 1983. Check–list of North American birds, 6th ed. American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.

American Ornithologists’ Union. 1997. Forty–first supplement to the check–list of North American birds. Auk 114:542–552.

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American Ornithologists’ Union. 1998. Check–list of North American birds. 7th ed. American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, DC.

American Ornithologists’ Union. 2000. Forty–second supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check–list of North American Birds. Auk 117:847–858.

American Ornithologists’ Union. 2003. Forty–fourth supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union check–list of North American birds. Auk 120:923–931.

Andelman, S. J., C. Groves, and H. M. Regan. 2004. A review of protocols for selecting species at risk in the context of U.S. Forest Service viability assessments. Acta Oecologica 26:75–83.

Andelman, S., K. Gillem, C. Groves, C. Hansen, J. Humke, T. Klahr, L. Kramme, B. Moseley, M. Reid, D. Vander Schaaf, M. Coad, C. DeForest, C. Macdonald, J. Baumgartner, J. Hak, S. Hobbs, L. Lunte, L. Smith, and C. Soper. 1999. The Columbia

Plateau Ecoregional Assessment: A Pilot Effort in Ecoregional Conservation. Prepared

for The Nature Conservancy. 71pp + appendices and figures. Anderson, R. C. 1989. The dunes tiger beetle. Final report prepared for U. S. Bureau of Land Management, Idaho Falls District. 21 p.

Anonymous. 1986. North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Canadian Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C.

[Anonymous]. 1992. Guidelines for the protection of bat roosts. Prepared by the Protection of Bat Roost Guidelines subcommittee, S. R. Sheffield, J. H. Shaw, G. A. Heidt, and L. R. McClenaghan, of the Conservation of Land Mammals Committee. Journal of Mammalogy 73(4):707–710.

[Anonymous]. 1995. Habitat conservation assessment and habitat conservation strategy [for] redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri). Draft document. 17 p. + Appendix. [need to ask Fred P. about author]

Apfelbaum, S., and A. Haney. 1981. Bird populations before and after wildfire in a Great Lakes pine forest. Condor 83:347–354.

Armstrong, D. M., and J. K. Jones, Jr. 1971. Sorex merriami. Mammalian Species 2:1– 2.

Armstrong, D. M., B. H. Banta, and E. J. Pokropus. 1973. Altitudinal distribution of small mammals along a cross–sectional transect through the Arkansas River watershed, Colorado. Southwestern Naturalist 17:315–326.

Armour, C.L., D. A, Duff, and W. Elmore. 1991. The effects of livestock grazing on riparian and stream ecosystems. Fisheries 16 7–11.

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Ashton, K. G., and A. de Queiroz. 2001. Molecular systematics of the western rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis (Viperidae), with comments on the utility of the D–loop in phylogenetic studies of snakes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 21(2):176–189.

Aslett, D., and A. Owsiak. 1999. Sand Creek Wildlife Management Area. Management Plan, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Idaho Falls. 81 pp.

Austin, J. E., and M. R. Miller. 1995. Northern Pintail (Anas acuta). In The Birds of North America, No. 163 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.

Austin, J. E., C. M. Custer, and A. D. Afton. 1998. Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis). In The Birds of North America, No. 338 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.

Bailey, R. M., J. E. Fitch, E. S. Herald, E. A. Lachner, C. C. Lindsey, C. R. Robins and W. B. Scott. 1970. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society Special Publication No. 6. Washington, D. C. 150 p.

Bailey, R. G. 1980. Description of the ecoregions of the United States. Miscellaneous Publication 1391. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, DC.

Baird, P. 1976. Comparative ecology of California and Ring–billed Gulls (Larus californicus and L. delawarensis). Ph.D. dissertation, University of Montana, Missoula.

Baker, C. 1990. Dunes tiger beetle. Idaho Entomology Group Newsletter. 17(2): 33. Baker, C. 2003. Idaho point–headed grasshopper surveys: 2002 and 2003. Report prepared for U. S. Bureau of Land Management, Boise District Office. 25 p.

Baker, C. W., J. C. Munger, L. McCauley, M. Olson, and G. Stephens. 1994. Bruneau Dunes tiger beetle inventory. Idaho Bureau of Land Management Technical Bulletin 94– 1: 45 p.

Baker, C. W., J. C. Munger, K. C. Cornwall, and S. Staufer. 1997. Bruneau Dunes tiger beetle study: 1994 and 1995. Idaho Bureau of Land Management Technical Bulletin 97– 7: 47 p.

Baker, R. J., L. C. Bradley, R. D. Bradley, J. W. Dragoo, M. D. Engstrom, R. S. Hoffmann, C. A. Jones, F. Reid, D. W. Rice, and C. Jones. 2003. Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 2003. Occasional Papers, The Museum of Texas Tech University 229:1–23.

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Balda, R. P. 2002. Pinyon Jay (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus). In The Birds of North America, No. 605 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.

Balda, R. P., and G. C. Bateman. 1971. Flocking and annual cycle of the Piñon Jay,

Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus. Condor 73:287–302.

Balda, R. P., W. S. Gaud, and J. D. Brawn. 1983. Predictive models for snag nesting birds. Pages 216–222 in Snag habitat management: proceedings of the symposium (J. W. Davis, G. A. Goodwin, and R. A. Ockenfels, tech. cords.). Gen. Tech. Rep. RM– GTR–99. Fort Collins, CO: Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 226 p.

Ball, I., Garton, E., and Shea, R. 2000. History, ecology, and management of the Rocky Mountain Population of Trumpeter Swans: implications for restoration. Proceedings and Papers of the Seventeenth Trumpeter Swan Society Conference. Vol. 29, No. 1. Idaho Falls, ID.

Bates, R. L., J. A. Jackson, eds. 1980. Glossary of Geology. American Geological Institute, Falls Church, VA. 751 pp.

Baltosser, W. H. 1986. Seasonal analysis of a southwestern New Mexico riparian bird community. Western Birds 17:115–131.

Banci, V. A. 1994. Wolverine. Pages 99–127 in L. F. Ruggiero, K. B. Aubry, S. W. Buskirk, L. J. Lyon, and W. J. Zielinski, editors. The scientific basis for conserving forest carnivores, American marten, fisher, lynx, and wolverine, in the western United States (General Technical Report RM–254). USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado.

Bangs, E. E., and S. H. Fritts. 1996. Reintroducing the gray wolf into central Idaho and Yellowstone National Park. Wildlife Society Bulletin 24:402–13.

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Bangs, E., J. Fontaine, M. Jimenez, T. Meier, C. Niemeyer, D. Smith, K. Murphy, D. Guernsey, L. Handegard, M. Collinge, R. Krischke, J. Shivik, C. Mack, I. Babcock, V. Asher, and D. Domenici. 2001. Gray wolf restoration in the northwestern United States. Endangered Species Update 18: 147–52.

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Banko, W. E., and A. W. Schorger. 1976. Trumpeter swan. Pages 5–71 in Handbook of North American birds, Vol. 2. Waterfowl, pt. 1 (R.S. Palmer, ed.). Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.

Banks, R. C., C. Cicero, J. L. Dunn, A. W. Kratter, P. C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr., J. D. Rising, and D. F. Stotz. 2005. Forty–sixth supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check–list of North American Birds. Auk 122(3):1026–1031.

Banks, R. C., C. Cicero, J. L. Dunn, A. W. Kratter, P. C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr., J. D. Rising, and D. F. Stotz. 2002. Forty–third supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check–list of North American Birds. Auk 119:897–906.

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J. D. Rising, and D. F. Stotz. 2003. Forty–fourth supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check–list of North American Birds. Auk 120:923–931.

Banks, R. C., C. Cicero, J. L. Dunn, A. W. Kratter, P. C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr., J. D. Rising, and D. F. Stotz. 2004. Forty–fifth supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check–list of North American Bird. Auk 121:985–995.

Barbour, R. W., and W. H. Davis. 1969. Bats of America. University of Kentucky Press, Lexington, KY, 286 p.

Bart, J. 2005. Monitoring the abundance of bird populations. Auk 122:15–25. Batt, P. E. 1996. State of Idaho Bull Trout Conservation Plan. Office of the Governor. Boise. Paged by sections. Status updated September 27, 2005 at U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service online at http://pacific.fws.gov/bulltrout/

Baumann, R. W. 1973. Studies on Utah stoneflies (Plecoptera). Great Basin Naturalist 33: 91–108.

Baumann, R. W., A. R. Gaufin, and R. F. Surdick. 1977. The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Rocky Mountains. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 31: 207 p.

Baxter, G. T., and J. R. Simon. 1970. Wyoming fishes. Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Cheyenne. 168p.

Bechard, M. J. 1982. Effect of vegetation cover on foraging site selection by Swainson’s Hawk. Condor 84:153–159.

Bechard, M. J., and J. K. Schmutz. 1995. Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis). In The Birds of North America, No. 172 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.

Bechard, M. J, D. Beig, and R. P. Howard. 1987. Historical nest sites of the peregrine

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falcon in Idaho. Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Boise State University, Boise. 34 p.

Bechard, M. J., K. D. Hague–Bechard, and D. H. Porter. 1986. Historical and current distributions of Swainson’s and Ferruginous Hawks in southern Idaho. Department of Biology, Boise State University, Boise, ID. 58 p.

Beck, J. M., and C. R. Peterson. 1995. Movements and habitat selection of the longnose snake (Rhinocheilus lecontei) in southwestern Idaho. Idaho State University, Pocatello. 30 p.

Beck, J. M., J. Janovetz, and C. R. Peterson. 1998. Amphibians of the Coeur d’Alene Basin: A survey of Bureau of Land Management lands. Tech. Bull. No. 98–3, Idaho Bureau of Land Management, Boise, Idaho.

Becker, D. M., and C. H. Sieg. 1987. Eggshell quality and organochlorine residues in eggs of merlins, Falco columbarius, in southeastern Montana. Canadian Field– Naturalist 101:369–372.

Beebe, F. L. 1960. The marine peregrines of the northwest Pacific coast. Condor 62:154– 189.

Behle, W. H. 1958. The bird life of Great Salt Lake. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.

Behnke, R.J. 2002. Trout and Salmon of North America. The Free Press. New York. 359 p.

Beissinger, S. R., J. M. Reed, J. M. Wunderle, Jr., S. K. Robinson, and D. M. Finch. 2000. Report of the AOU Conservation Committee on the Partners in Flight Species Prioritization Plan. Auk 117: 549–561.

Belk, M. C., J. B. Johnson, K. W. Wilson, M. E. Smith, and D. D. Houston. 2005. Variation in intrinsic individual growth rate among populations of leatherside chub (Snyderichthys copei Jordan & Gilbert): adaptation to temperature or length of growing season? Ecology of freshwater Fish. 14:177–184.

Bellrose, F. C. 1980. Ducks, geese, and swans of North America. Third Ed. Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, PA.

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2003. Evaluation of the eastern (Centrocercus urophaisanus urophaisanus) and

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western (Centrocercus urophaisanus phaios) subspecies of sage–grouse using mitochondrial control–region sequence data. Conservation Genetics 4:301–310.

Benkman, C. W. 1992. White–winged Crossbill (Loxia leucoptera). In The Birds of North America, No. 27 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, D.C.: The American Ornithologists’ Union.

Benkman, C. W. 1999. The selection mosaic and diversifying coevolution between crossbills and lodgepole pine. The American Naturalist, Supplement 153:S75–S91.

Benkman, C. W., W. C. Holimon, and J. W. Smith. 2001. The influence of a competitor on the geographic mosaic of coevolution between crossbills and lodgepole pine. Evolution 55:282–294.

Bennett, R. 1999. Status of the red–tailed chipmunk (Tamias ruficaudus) in Alberta. Alberta Protection, Fisheries and Wildlife Management Division, and Alberta Conservation Association, Wildlife Status Report No. 19, Edmonton, AB. 15 pp.

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Best, T. L. 1993. Tamias ruficaudus. Mammalian Species 452:1–7. Biota Information System of New Mexico. 2004. New Mexico Natural Heritage Program Species Account [internet]. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe, NM.

Bird, D., D. Varland, and J. Negro. 1996. Raptors in human landscapes. Academic Press, New York, NY.

Blair, S., and G. Servheen. 1995. Species conservation assessment and strategy for White–headed Woodpecker (Picoides albolarvatus). Draft document. Idaho Conservation Effort, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Boise, ID. 19 p. + attachments.

Blaustein, A. 2004. Press release: Concerns remain about UV–B damage to amphibians. Froglog 64:2–3.

Blaustein, A. R., D. G. Hokit, R. K. O’Hara, and R. A. Holt. 1994. Pathogenic fungus contributes to amphibian losses in the Pacific Northwest. Biological Conservation 67:251–254.

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Blus, L. J., C. J. Henny, and A. J. Krynitsky. 1985. Organochlorine–induced mortality and residues in Long–billed Curlews from Oregon. Condor 40:225–226.

Bock, C. E. 1970. The ecology and behavior of the Lewis’s Woodpecker (Asyndesmus lewis). University of California Publications in Zoology 92:1–100.

Bogan, M. A. 1975. Geographic variation of Myotis californicus in the southwestern United States and Mexico. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Report, 3:1–31.

Bogan, M. A. 1999. Myotis californicus. In: The Smithsonian book of North American Mammals, D. E. Wilson, and S. Ruff, Smithsonian Institution press, Washington DC. 750 p.

Boggs, J. R., and S. Woods. 2004. Northern bog lemmings and rare plants in the Panhandle of Idaho. A final report submitted to Idaho Department of Fish and Game in fulfillment of grant SWG T–1–5–0403. 40 p.

Bolster, D. C. 1980. Habitat use by the upland sandpiper in northeastern Colorado. M.S. thesis. University of Colorado. 104 p.

Bos, D. H. and J. W. Sites Jr. 2001. Phylogeography and conservation genetics of the

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Branson, B. A., M. E. Sisk, and C. J. McCoy. 1966. Observations on and distribution of some western and southwestern mollusks. Veliger 9:145–151.

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Bray, M. P., and D. A. Klebenow. 1988. Feeding ecology of White–faced Ibises in a Great Basin valley, USA. Colonial Waterbirds 11:24–31.

Briggs, T. S. 1974. Troglobitic harvestmen recently discovered in North American lava tubes (Travuniidae, Eremobastridae, Triaenonychidae: Opiliones). Journal of Arachnology 1:205–214.

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Broadbrooks, H. E. 1974. Tree nests of chipmunks with comments on associated behavior and ecology. Journal of Mammalogy 55:630–639.

Brown, J. H. 1973. Species diversity of seed–eating desert rodents in sand dune habitats. Ecology 54:775–787.

Brown, D. E. (Chairman). 1995. Pacific Flyway management plan for the Greater Sandhill Crane population wintering along the Lower Colorado River Valley. Subcommittee on the Lower Colorado River Valley Population of Greater Sandhill Cranes of the Pacific Flyway Study Committee, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland, OR. 37 p.

Brown, S., C. Hickey, and B. Harrington. 2000. United States shorebird conservation plan. Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, Manomet, MA.

Brown, S., C. Hickey, B. Harrington, and R. Gill, eds. 2001. The U.S. shorebird conservation plan, 2nd ed. Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, Manomet, MA. 60 p.

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Brush, A. H., and N. K. Johnson. 1976. The evolution of color differences between Nashville and Virginia’s Warblers. Condor 78:412–414.

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Busack, C. 1991. Genetic evaluation of the Lyons Ferry Hatchery stock and wild Snake River fall chinook. Report submitted to the ESA Administrative Record for fall chinook salmon, May 1991, 59 p. Available Washington Department of Fisheries, 115 General Administration Bldg., Olympia, WA 98504.

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Cassirer, E. F., and C. R. Groves. 1994. Ecology of Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) in northern Idaho, Idaho Dept. of Fish and Game, Boise.

Cassirer, E. F., C. R. Groves, and D. L. Genter. 1994. Coeur d’Alene Salamander conservation assessment. Idaho Conservation Data Center, Idaho Dept. of Fish and Game, Boise, Idaho. 55 p.

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  • The Coume Ouarnède System, a Hotspot of Subterranean Biodiversity in Pyrenees (France)

    The Coume Ouarnède System, a Hotspot of Subterranean Biodiversity in Pyrenees (France)

    diversity Article The Coume Ouarnède System, a Hotspot of Subterranean Biodiversity in Pyrenees (France) Arnaud Faille 1,* and Louis Deharveng 2 1 Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany 2 Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR7205, CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, 75005 Paris, France; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Located in Northern Pyrenees, in the Arbas massif, France, the system of the Coume Ouarnède, also known as Réseau Félix Trombe—Henne Morte, is the longest and the most complex cave system of France. The system, developed in massive Mesozoic limestone, has two distinct resur- gences. Despite relatively limited sampling, its subterranean fauna is rich, composed of a number of local endemics, terrestrial as well as aquatic, including two remarkable relictual species, Arbasus cae- cus (Simon, 1911) and Tritomurus falcifer Cassagnau, 1958. With 38 stygobiotic and troglobiotic species recorded so far, the Coume Ouarnède system is the second richest subterranean hotspot in France and the first one in Pyrenees. This species richness is, however, expected to increase because several taxonomic groups, like Ostracoda, as well as important subterranean habitats, like MSS (“Milieu Souterrain Superficiel”), have not been considered so far in inventories. Similar levels of subterranean biodiversity are expected to occur in less-sampled karsts of central and western Pyrenees. Keywords: troglobionts; stygobionts; cave fauna Citation: Faille, A.; Deharveng, L. The Coume Ouarnède System, a Hotspot of Subterranean Biodiversity in Pyrenees (France). Diversity 2021, 1. Introduction 13 , 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/ Stretching at the border between France and Spain, the Pyrenees are known as one d13090419 of the subterranean hotspots of the world [1].
  • Of Agrocenosis of Rice Fields in Kyzylorda Oblast, South Kazakhstan

    Of Agrocenosis of Rice Fields in Kyzylorda Oblast, South Kazakhstan

    Acta Biologica Sibirica 6: 229–247 (2020) doi: 10.3897/abs.6.e54139 https://abs.pensoft.net RESEARCH ARTICLE Orthopteroid insects (Mantodea, Blattodea, Dermaptera, Phasmoptera, Orthoptera) of agrocenosis of rice fields in Kyzylorda oblast, South Kazakhstan Izbasar I. Temreshev1, Arman M. Makezhanov1 1 LLP «Educational Research Scientific and Production Center "Bayserke-Agro"», Almaty oblast, Pan- filov district, Arkabay village, Otegen Batyr street, 3, Kazakhstan Corresponding author: Izbasar I. Temreshev ([email protected]) Academic editor: R. Yakovlev | Received 10 March 2020 | Accepted 12 April 2020 | Published 16 September 2020 http://zoobank.org/EF2D6677-74E1-4297-9A18-81336E53FFD6 Citation: Temreshev II, Makezhanov AM (2020) Orthopteroid insects (Mantodea, Blattodea, Dermaptera, Phasmoptera, Orthoptera) of agrocenosis of rice fields in Kyzylorda oblast, South Kazakhstan. Acta Biologica Sibirica 6: 229–247. https://doi.org/10.3897/abs.6.e54139 Abstract An annotated list of Orthopteroidea of rise paddy fields in Kyzylorda oblast in South Kazakhstan is given. A total of 60 species of orthopteroid insects were identified, belonging to 58 genera from 17 families and 5 orders. Mantids are represented by 3 families, 6 genera and 6 species; cockroaches – by 2 families, 2 genera and 2 species; earwigs – by 3 families, 3 genera and 3 species; sticks insects – by 1 family, 1 genus and 1 species. Orthopterans are most numerous (8 families, 46 genera and 48 species). Of these, three species, Bolivaria brachyptera, Hierodula tenuidentata and Ceraeocercus fuscipennis, are listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Celes variabilis and Chrysochraon dispar indicated for the first time for a given location. The fauna of orthopteroid insects in the studied areas of Kyzylorda is compared with other regions of Kazakhstan.
  • Little Spurthroated Grasshopper Melanoplus Infantilis Scudder

    Little Spurthroated Grasshopper Melanoplus Infantilis Scudder

    Wyoming_________________________________________________________________________________________ Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 912 • Species Fact Sheet September 1994 Little Spurthroated Grasshopper Melanoplus infantilis Scudder Distribution and Habitat Large populations infest regions of bunchgrass-sagebrush in Idaho where densities may reach The little spurthroated grasshopper has a wide geographic 20 to 40 per square yard in outbreak years. This species range in Western North America. It occurs in grasslands, often confined in field cages on western wheatgrass in Montana, as the dominant grasshopper, from the Canadian provinces to caused a loss of 35 mg dry weight of forage per adult northern New Mexico. It is common in clearings of montane grasshopper per day. This amount was less than that caused coniferous forest and in the parklands of the Canadian northern by an adult big-headed grasshopper, Aulocara elliotti, forest. In Colorado, it is found in montane grasslands as high as which caused a loss of 62 mg per day. The reason for this 10,000 feet. Its northern geographic range and its distribution difference is no doubt related to the difference in weight of in montane habitats indicate tolerance for colder temperate the two species. The larger grasshopper, which requires climates and intolerance for warmer conditions. more food, caused the greater damage. Unconfined in its natural habitat, the little spurthroated grasshopper may be Economic Importance even less damaging because it feeds on forbs as well as This grasshopper is an economically important species, grasses. becoming abundant in grasslands and feeding on both grasses and forbs. In a rangeland assemblage it is sometimes the Food Habits dominant grasshopper. During 1953 it was the dominant The little spurthroated grasshopper feeds on both species in 11 of 42 sites sampled in the mixedgrass prairie of grasses and forbs.
  • Endangered Species

    Endangered Species

    FEATURE: ENDANGERED SPECIES Conservation Status of Imperiled North American Freshwater and Diadromous Fishes ABSTRACT: This is the third compilation of imperiled (i.e., endangered, threatened, vulnerable) plus extinct freshwater and diadromous fishes of North America prepared by the American Fisheries Society’s Endangered Species Committee. Since the last revision in 1989, imperilment of inland fishes has increased substantially. This list includes 700 extant taxa representing 133 genera and 36 families, a 92% increase over the 364 listed in 1989. The increase reflects the addition of distinct populations, previously non-imperiled fishes, and recently described or discovered taxa. Approximately 39% of described fish species of the continent are imperiled. There are 230 vulnerable, 190 threatened, and 280 endangered extant taxa, and 61 taxa presumed extinct or extirpated from nature. Of those that were imperiled in 1989, most (89%) are the same or worse in conservation status; only 6% have improved in status, and 5% were delisted for various reasons. Habitat degradation and nonindigenous species are the main threats to at-risk fishes, many of which are restricted to small ranges. Documenting the diversity and status of rare fishes is a critical step in identifying and implementing appropriate actions necessary for their protection and management. Howard L. Jelks, Frank McCormick, Stephen J. Walsh, Joseph S. Nelson, Noel M. Burkhead, Steven P. Platania, Salvador Contreras-Balderas, Brady A. Porter, Edmundo Díaz-Pardo, Claude B. Renaud, Dean A. Hendrickson, Juan Jacobo Schmitter-Soto, John Lyons, Eric B. Taylor, and Nicholas E. Mandrak, Melvin L. Warren, Jr. Jelks, Walsh, and Burkhead are research McCormick is a biologist with the biologists with the U.S.
  • A Method to Identify a Large Number of Small Species-Specific Genomic

    A Method to Identify a Large Number of Small Species-Specific Genomic

    Fiscon et al. BioData Mining (2016) 9:38 DOI 10.1186/s13040-016-0116-2 RESEARCH Open Access MISSEL: a method to identify a large number of small species-specific genomic subsequences and its application to viruses classification Giulia Fiscon1*† , Emanuel Weitschek1,2†, Eleonora Cella3,4, Alessandra Lo Presti3, Marta Giovanetti3,5, Muhammed Babakir-Mina6, Marco Ciotti7, Massimo Ciccozzi1,3, Alessandra Pierangeli8, Paola Bertolazzi1 and Giovanni Felici1 *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract †Equal contributors Background: Continuous improvements in next generation sequencing technologies 1Institute of Systems Analysis and Computer Science A. Ruberti (IASI), led to ever-increasing collections of genomic sequences, which have not been easily National Research Council (CNR), characterized by biologists, and whose analysis requires huge computational effort. Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy The classification of species emerged as one of the main applications of DNA analysis Full list of author information is available at the end of the article and has been addressed with several approaches, e.g., multiple alignments-, phylogenetic trees-, statistical- and character-based methods. Results: We propose a supervised method based on a genetic algorithm to identify small genomic subsequences that discriminate among different species. The method identifies multiple subsequences of bounded length with the same information power in a given genomic region. The algorithm has been successfully evaluated through its integration into a rule-based classification framework and applied to three different biological data sets: Influenza, Polyoma, and Rhino virus sequences. Conclusions: We discover a large number of small subsequences that can be used to identify each virus type with high accuracy and low computational time, and moreover help to characterize different genomic regions.
  • A Revision of the New World Species of Donacaula Meyrick and a Phylogenetic Analysis of Related Schoenobiinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

    A Revision of the New World Species of Donacaula Meyrick and a Phylogenetic Analysis of Related Schoenobiinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

    Mississippi State University Scholars Junction Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1-1-2010 A Revision Of The New World Species Of Donacaula Meyrick And A Phylogenetic Analysis Of Related Schoenobiinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Edda Lis Martinez Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td Recommended Citation Martinez, Edda Lis, "A Revision Of The New World Species Of Donacaula Meyrick And A Phylogenetic Analysis Of Related Schoenobiinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)" (2010). Theses and Dissertations. 248. https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td/248 This Dissertation - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Scholars Junction. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Junction. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD SPECIES OF DONACAULA MEYRICK AND A PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF RELATED SCHOENOBIINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) By Edda Lis Martínez A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Mississippi State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology in the Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Mississippi State, Mississippi December 2010 A REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD SPECIES OF DONACAULA MEYRICK AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF RELATED SCHOENOBIINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) By Edda Lis Martínez Approved: ______________________________ ______________________________ Richard
  • Invertebrate Distribution and Diversity Assessment at the U. S. Army Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site a Report to the U

    Invertebrate Distribution and Diversity Assessment at the U. S. Army Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site a Report to the U

    Invertebrate Distribution and Diversity Assessment at the U. S. Army Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site A report to the U. S. Army and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service G. J. Michels, Jr., J. L. Newton, H. L. Lindon, and J. A. Brazille Texas AgriLife Research 2301 Experiment Station Road Bushland, TX 79012 2008 Report Introductory Notes The invertebrate survey in 2008 presented an interesting challenge. Extremely dry conditions prevailed throughout most of the adult activity period for the invertebrates and grass fires occurred several times throughout the summer. By visual assessment, plant resources were scarce compared to last year, with few green plants and almost no flowering plants. Eight habitats and nine sites continued to be sampled in 2008. The Ponderosa pine/ yellow indiangrass site was removed from the study after the low numbers of species and individuals collected there in 2007. All other sites from the 2007 survey were included in the 2008 survey. We also discontinued the collection of Coccinellidae in the 2008 survey, as only 98 individuals from four species were collected in 2007. Pitfall and malaise trapping were continued in the same way as the 2007 survey. Sweep net sampling was discontinued to allow time for Asilidae and Orthoptera timed surveys consisting of direct collection of individuals with a net. These surveys were conducted in the same way as the time constrained butterfly (Papilionidea and Hesperoidea) surveys, with 15-minute intervals for each taxanomic group. This was sucessful when individuals were present, but the dry summer made it difficult to assess the utility of these techniques because of overall low abundance of insects.
  • Appendix A: Common and Scientific Names for Fish and Wildlife Species Found in Idaho

    Appendix A: Common and Scientific Names for Fish and Wildlife Species Found in Idaho

    APPENDIX A: COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES FOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SPECIES FOUND IN IDAHO. How to Read the Lists. Within these lists, species are listed phylogenetically by class. In cases where phylogeny is incompletely understood, taxonomic units are arranged alphabetically. Listed below are definitions for interpreting NatureServe conservation status ranks (GRanks and SRanks). These ranks reflect an assessment of the condition of the species rangewide (GRank) and statewide (SRank). Rangewide ranks are assigned by NatureServe and statewide ranks are assigned by the Idaho Conservation Data Center. GX or SX Presumed extinct or extirpated: not located despite intensive searches and virtually no likelihood of rediscovery. GH or SH Possibly extinct or extirpated (historical): historically occurred, but may be rediscovered. Its presence may not have been verified in the past 20–40 years. A species could become SH without such a 20–40 year delay if the only known occurrences in the state were destroyed or if it had been extensively and unsuccessfully looked for. The SH rank is reserved for species for which some effort has been made to relocate occurrences, rather than simply using this status for all elements not known from verified extant occurrences. G1 or S1 Critically imperiled: at high risk because of extreme rarity (often 5 or fewer occurrences), rapidly declining numbers, or other factors that make it particularly vulnerable to rangewide extinction or extirpation. G2 or S2 Imperiled: at risk because of restricted range, few populations (often 20 or fewer), rapidly declining numbers, or other factors that make it vulnerable to rangewide extinction or extirpation. G3 or S3 Vulnerable: at moderate risk because of restricted range, relatively few populations (often 80 or fewer), recent and widespread declines, or other factors that make it vulnerable to rangewide extinction or extirpation.
  • Concluding Remarks

    Concluding Remarks

    Concluding Remarks The bulk of secretory material necessary for the encapsulation of spermatozoa into a spermatophore is commonly derived from the male accessory organs of re­ production. Not surprisingly, the extraordinary diversity in size, shape, and struc­ ture of the spermatophores in different phyla is frequently a reflection of the equally spectacular variations in the anatomy and secretory performance of male reproductive tracts. Less obvious are the reasons why even within a given class or order of animals, only some species employ spermatophores, while others de­ pend on liquid semen as the vehicle for spermatozoa. The most plausible expla­ nation is that the development of methods for sperm transfer must have been in­ fluenced by the environment in which the animals breed, and that adaptation to habitat, rather than phylogeny, has played a decisive role. Reproduction in the giant octopus of the North Pacific, on which our attention has been focussed, pro­ vides an interesting example. During copulation in seawater, which may last 2 h, the sperm mass has to be pushed over the distance of 1 m separating the male and female genital orifices. The metre-long tubular spermatophore inside which the spermatozoa are conveyed offers an obvious advantage over liquid semen, which could hardly be hauled over such a long distance. Apart from acting as a convenient transport vehicle, the spermatophore serves other purposes. Its gustatory and aphrodisiac attributes, the provision of an ef­ fective barrier to reinsemination, and stimulation of oogenesis and oviposition are all of great importance. Absolutely essential is its function as storage organ for spermatozoa, at least as effective as that of the epididymis for mammalian spermatozoa.
  • (Orthoptera, Caelifera, Acrididae) on the Subfamily Level Using Molecular Markers

    (Orthoptera, Caelifera, Acrididae) on the Subfamily Level Using Molecular Markers

    e-ISSN 1734-9168 Folia Biologica (Kraków), vol. 67 (2019), No 3 http://www.isez.pan.krakow.pl/en/folia-biologica.html https://doi.org/10.3409/fb_67-3.12 The Evaluation of Genetic Relationships within Acridid Grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Caelifera, Acrididae) on the Subfamily Level Using Molecular Markers Igor SUKHIKH , Kirill USTYANTSEV , Alexander BUGROV, Michael SERGEEV, Victor FET, and Alexander BLINOV Accepted August 20, 2019 Published online September 11, 2019 Issue online September 30, 2019 Original article SUKHIKH I., USTYANTSEV K., BUGROV A., SERGEEV M., FET V., BLINOV A. 2019. The evaluation of genetic relationships within Acridid grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Caelifera, Acrididae) on the subfamily level using molecular markers. Folia Biologica (Kraków) 67: 119-126. Over the last few decades, molecular markers have been extensively used to study phylogeny, population dynamics, and genome mapping in insects and other taxa. Phylogenetic methods using DNA markers are inexpensive, fast and simple to use, and may help greatly to resolve phylogenetic relationships in groups with problematic taxonomy. However, different markers have various levels of phylogenetic resolution, and it’s important to choose the right set of molecular markers for a studied taxonomy level. Acrididae is the most diverse family of grasshoppers. Many attempts to resolve the phylogenetic relationships within it did not result in a clear picture, partially because of the limited number of molecular markers used. We have tested a phylogenetic resolution of three sets of the most commonly utilized mitochondrial molecular markers available for Acrididae sequences in the database: (i) complete protein-coding mitochondrial sequences, (ii) concatenated mitochondrial genes COI, COII, and Cytb, and (iii) concatenated mitochondrial genes COI and COII.