November — December—January, 1970-1971

Registered for posting o» a periodical - Cate^^n CnfcU L~*

20 CENTS 2 1 Ufct 1970

•f-T- f THE NAVY. The mogoiint of the Navy League of Australia Registered for posting as a periodical — Category A

STATESMAN Vol. 32 NOVEMBER-DECEMBER-JANUARY, 1970-71 No. 4 STATESMAN CONTENTS Periscope on Australia 3 Naval Co"**' fo"' Now. — Now South WaleWnL.s J) Tho Royal Navy's Trendsetter 7 . nual Report Tasmania's only Warship ,J Ann^l top. .ho Navy Uague e. ^ Oofonee Report 1170-Th. Royal Aus- Thr^Jf'a K°nd 54 Noy» . . 17 A Now Leek at Conadian Armed Forces N M , °»»>**» * W Au.tM*.: Th. Libortiot that « being Replaced (o) •>*»»«>">- How to Uvo with Pollution f*V _ . . 31 NATO's A.S.W. Potential (b) Soa Cadet Training—Bundabers 32 R.A N. Sank First Jap Submarine Bearcat — Heme lor Elite Flyers 35 Utter to the Editor 95 Britain's Nuclear Age Navy 43 News from Britain 96 Plus sundry stories and photographs The views expressed in articles appearing in this publication are those of the authors concerned.Thev do not necessarily represent the views of the editor, the Navv League or official opinions or policv Published by the Navy League of Australia, Be« 1719 G.P.O., Sydney. N.S.W., 2001; Tel.: 3411001 All Correspondence should be directed 10 the Editor EDITOR: Dennis P. Trkkett, Esq., Box CI 7B. Clarence Street Post Office, Sydney. N.S.W.. 2000, Australia ADVERTISING AND PUBLICATION: PERC1VAL PUBLISHING CO. PTY. LTD. LANCERS CORVETTE SYDNEY MELBOURNE ADELAIDE BRISBANE PERTH HOBART 1M Henderson Rd Greensn Publications IT Currie Si M6QueenSl 63SI lie.fee sTce lUCntllesSl Alesandria 2015 Ptv Ltd Adelaide 5000 Brisbane tooo Perth 6000 Hoban 7000 Phone 6M23I "t LltUe Collins Si Phone 51-6225 Phone 3I-2S31 intone 23-20.11 Phone 23-7:12 Phone C7-1334 THE NAVY LEAGUE OF AUSTRALIA

PATRON: The Governor-General Secretary: Miss E C Shorrocks. 528 South Australian Division Collins Street. Melbourne. 3000 Patron: His Excellency. The Governor FEDERAL COUNCIL Queensland Division of South Australia. Any time is cigar time with President: Commander J. B. Howse. Patron: His Excellency. The Governor Chairman: T Francis Matters. Esq V R D . R.A.N.V.R. of Queensland Hon. Secretary: Miss Penny Wardle. Deputy President: Lt Cmdr F G Chair man: Surgeon Commander A H Boxl529M G P O . Adelaide 5001 STATESMAN Evans. M B E . V.R.D . RAN V.R. Robertson. RAN. VR Secretary: Lt. Cmdr A. A Andrews. Hon. Secretary: J. L. Anderson. Esq . M.B.E.. R AN iReldi. 28 Roval Box 376E. C P 0.. Br isbane 4001 Tasmanian Division Street Chatswood. NSW 2067 Australian Capital Territory Division Patron: Vice Admiral Sir Guv Wvatt. LANCERS or CORVETTE Chairman: Commander J B Howse. Now South Wales Division K B E C.B V.R.D . R A.N.V.R Patron: His Excellency, the Governor Hon. Secretary: K M Uhr Henry. Esq Hon Secretary: Commander D M of New South Wales Blake V.R.D.. R.A.N.V.R.. 60 Lime- Chairman: Rear Admiral H. A stone Ave Ainslie. 2602 The right taste Showers. C B E Northern Territory Division Western Australian Division Secretary: Lieut Cmdr A A The right shape Patron: His Honour the Administrator Patrol: His Excellency. The Andrews MBE. RAN iReldi 28 Chairman Lieut Cmdr. J. J. Ravens- Governor ot Western Australia to enjoy any time. Roval Street. Chatswood. Svdnev. 2067 croft V R.D . R A.N.V.R. Chairman: Roland Smith. Esq Victorian Division Hon Secretary: Mrs V M Slide 12 Hon. Secretary: R A Hannah Esq ! Allen Street . Fannie Bay. N T. 5790 182 Coode Street. Como. 6152 Patron: His Excellency. The Governor ol Victoria Chairman: Lt Cmdr F G. Evans. AUSTRALIAN SEA CADET COUNCIL STATESMAN THE MILDEST CIGAR M.B.C.. V.R.D RAN V.R Navy League: S C. Cdr L E. Forsvlhe ON THE INTERNATIONAL SCENE Representatives of the Naval Baaed: Commander J B Howse V.R.D.. Lieul Cmdr F G. Evans. M B E. StATtSNAN St«llS«U» Director ol Naval Reserves Captain R A N V.R.. V.R.D.. R.A.N.V.R. Luteins coeMttt B L. Clearv. R A N . Lieul Cmdr F. A Representative from each Navy- Hon Secretary: Lt Cmdr A A S617-5/6® D Sandberg. R A N. League Division, also — Andrews M B E R A N iRet di.

Nov.-Dec.-Jan., 1970-71 THE NAVY Page One Kelloggs (Aust.) Periscope on Australia Pty. Ltd. hiLit j CjfonimeCjronmii'l INDUSTRIAL MOBILISATION The Military Advisers meet in and has been appointed Second Naval Member of the Commonwealth Naval COURSE ON DEFENCE formal session twice a year for con- sultation on the defence of the Treaty Board and Chief of Naval Personnel. PREPAREDNESS Area against the Communist threat His promotion follows the appoint- Thirty-seven senior repre- Their meetings also provide an oppor- ment of Vice Admiral Sir Victor Smith Stephen Road, Botany, N.S.W. sentatives of Victorian industry, the tunity to review and update the work as Chairman. Chiefs of Staff Com- universities, the armed services and of the SEATO Militarv Planning mittee and Rear Admiral Peek as government departments and Office. Chief of Naval Staff. instrumentalities, began a final symposium lasting six days on Sunday. R.A.N. OFFICERS TO 5 October, at the Armoured Centre. AUSTRALIAN SUBMARINE Puckapunval. TRAIN WITH R.N.Z.N. COMMANDER Who are Proud to be Associated with the Navy Department in the This last period of study brought to a Six Royal Australian Navy junior close a nine month part-time course The Royal Australian Navy has officers began a year's training with Supply of... which had examined some of the dif- another Australian born submarine the Royal New Zealand Navy last ficulties and problems associated commanding officer. Lieutenant October with industrial support for Commander Terry Roach, who has All acting sub-lieutenants, they had Australia's defence preparedness. assumed command of H.M.A.S. Otway. attended professional courses in the * Breakfast Cereals The course commenced last February at the R.A.A.F. base. Laverton Throughout 1970. the course consisted of evening lectures and dis- * Contractors to the Australian Armed Forces cussions on a comprehensive range of subjects at Victoria Barracks. Melbourne and weekly visits to selected industrial establishments of national importance throughout Australia. The Australian Government attached considerable importance to the courses, because they have main- tained close co-operation between Australian industry and the armed forces and at the same time have indicated the capacity of Australian in- dustry to contribute to the nation's defence preparedness.

* For All Enquiries ... lieutenant Commander lorry Roach, United Kingdom prior to joining their SEATO MILITARY R.A.N, (loft) hot taken command of tho New Zealand ships. ADVISERS' 33rd submarine Otway, succeeding In New Zealand, the officers are CONFERENCE Lieutenant Commander Tim Duchesne, being given extensive practical R.A.N, (right), who transferred from tho The 33rd Conference of the military experience and are expected to KELLOGGS (AUST.) PTY. LTD. advisers of the South-East Asia Treaty Royal Navy to tho R.A.N, in 1967. acquire requisite formal naval Organisation was held at Honolulu. qualifications. Hawaii on 15 and 16 October. 1970 General Sir John Wilton. Military BRANCHES IN ALL STATES Adviser for Australia and Chairman REAR ADMIRAL DEFENCE FORCES of the Australian Chiefs of Staff Com- A. M. SYNNOT RETIREMB4T BENEFITS mittee was the chairman of the Con- Captain A. M Synnot. has been The Chairman of the recently ference. promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral appointed Joint Committee on Defence

Nov.-Doc.-Jan., 1970-71 Nov.'Doc.-Jan., 1970-71 THE NAVY Pago Three Pag* Two THE NAVY Forces Retirement Benefits legis- lation, Mr. J. D. Jess. MP., announced on 3 September, that the Committee had held its first meeting The terms of reference ot the Com- mittee are to inquire into and report upon the legislation in relation to— GROSVENOR a. its aims and objectives b. the complexities of the legislation guaranteed quality means a great deal and any means by which the legislation might be simplified and improved c. the rates of contribution by members d. any differences, as between members, in the benefits provided and ended in Fremantle on IS DEFENCE PROCUREMENT e. any anomalies and inequities that November. might exist UAISON TALKS f. the frequency of and delays in The following vessels participated in The United States Department of actuarial investigations on the state the exercise— Defense representatives arrived in and sufficiency of the Defence Forces Canberra on Saturday. 24 October, for Retirement Benefits Fund, and H.M.A. Ships MWhourn*. Irisbon*, defence procurement liaison talks g. administration of the Fund. Swan, Oxhy, Ofway, Hawk, Ibh, The Honourable Barry J. Shillito. The Committee is keen to receive Curfew and Atul*. H.M. Ships Assistant Secretary of Defense (Instal- written submissions from Choryfcda, Minmrva, Lynx, Athanti and lations and Logistics I led the U.S. organisations and individuals con- finwhaU. team which included Armed Forces re- cerned with the operation of the presentatives. Defence Forces Retirement Benefit They were supported by H.M.A Ways and means were examined of Act. Ships Supply and Srofwwi; H.M.S. increasing opportunities for Communications should be directed ferth and the Royal fleet auxiliaries Australian industry to compete for De- to Mr Donald Nairn. Clerk to the Com- OfmWo, Rawm and Typhvom. partment of Defence (U.S. > procure- mittee. House of Representatives. ments The underlying purpose of the talks Canberra. A C T.. 2600. Australia Orion anti-submarine aircraft of the R.A.A.F. and R N.Z.A.F. also was to strengthen Australia's participated technological base and defence pro- duction capability as well as develop EXERCISE The exercise was directed by the ing more procurement reciprocity on SWAN LAKE Flag Officer Commanding the the part of the United States in view of The exercise began from Sydney on Australian Fleet. Rear Admiral H. D. Australia's large volume of military 26 October, with the deployment phase Stevenson. orders in the States. Pacific This new design is a sophisticated inter- ^ew> GAINSBOROUGH pretation of the newest Scandinavian lines 43-piece setting $22.30. OUR COVBR Harrier V/STOL Fighter in United States Marin* Corp* Markings

Delivery of Hawker Siddeley Harrier V/STOL Fighters to the United States Marine Corps begins For All Enquiries . . . in the new year with the aircraft scheduled to go into service during 1971. Already in operation with the Royal Air Force in England and Germany, keynote of this unique fighter is flexibility, mobility and quick reaction. The Harrier pictured is seen in Marine Corps markings and is flying with an 8.000 lb bomb load in a configuration of bombs. 30 mm Aden cannon and cluster bombs. Able to operate with an ultra-short take-off or vertically, the Harrier presents an even more Mytton Grosvenor Ltd. formidable weapon that is very difficult to detect when dispersed Worldwide interest has been shown in the Harrier for multi-service operation on land and sea. A licencing agreement between Hawker Siddeley Aviation Limited and the McDonnell Douglas Offices in All Capital Cities Except Tasmania Corporation of St. Louis Mo., provides for co-operative production of Harriers ordered under U.S. Government contracts.

•fr CONTRACTORS TO R.A.N. ESTABLISHMENTS

Nav.-Oac-Jan., 1*70-71 THI NAVY Pa|«fwt THC NAVY Nov.-0«<.-Jan., The Royal Navy's A Close Liaison the Navy Dept. and ... Trend-Setter MACQUARIE by REGINALD LONGSTAFF

The frigate H.M.S. Exmouth, the western world's first major warship entirely powered by gas turbines, is the fore-runner of a new breed of ships for the Royal WORSTEDS LTD. Navy. All future new construction will use combinations of gas turbines, and the Exmouth is a working test-bed for the next generation of major warships.

A "Blackwood" Class frigate of 1.500 tons, the Exmouth was com- pleted in December 1957. She is 310 Who are Proud to be Associated with the Navy Dept. in feet long, has a beam of 33 feet and is served by a crew of 140. the Supply of... MODERN REFIT Exmouth was dry-docked at Chatham Dockyard. England, for a major refit which was completed in 1968. Part of the work involved the removal of the existing steam machinery and replacement with Rolls-Royce gas * Pure Wool turbines. A combined gas turbine arrangement has been installed con- sisting of an Olympus TM 1 unit of 15.000 horsepower for full power, and * Wool and Polyester Cloth two Proteus engines of 3.600 horse power for cruising. Both engines are "marinised" versions of those used in a wide variety of commercial applications * Contractors to the R.A.N. and well proved for reliability. As the engines have been fitted into an existing vessel, the power of the Tho frigate Exmouth, pride of the British Royal Navy, and the western world's Olympus unit has been reduced from first major worship powered entirely by gas turbines. The Exmouth, an its normal 24,000 horse power to match undoubted trend-setter for modern navies, has three engines, two for general the vessel's structural capabilities. cruising and one for extra boost power. It all odds up to one of the world's most For All Enquiries .. . The installation was designed to fit sophisticated vessels. into the existing machinery spaces. The Proteus engines and gearing are forward engine room, by means of a The Proteus is short, compact, light situated aft in the old steam turbine single power pitch control lever. in weight for its high output (1.32 room while the Olympus is forward in Like the Proteus, the Olympus has a pounds per horsepower), and has a the old boiler room. background of extensive development well established reputation for MACQUARIE WORSTEDS LTD. All three engines drive into a central as an aero engine. It is one of the exceptional reliability and main reduction gear, and all have been world's most powerful jets and has performance fitted with synchro self shifting established a first class reputation for Simplicity is the basic merit. There 39 YORK STREET clutches. A single shaft fitted with a reliability since its introduction to the are only two rotating assemblies, the controllable pitch propellor is driven Royal Air Force in 1956 turbine and the compressor, and no SYDNEY via the reduction gearing. The Olympus is 22 feet 1 inch long. 10 reciprocating parts. Full power is REMOTE CONTROL feet 11 inches wide, with a height of 9 available within one minute of starting The gas turbines can be remotely feet 6 inches and weighs 24.8 tons. The the engine and no preliminary 29-2731 Phone 29-2731 controlled from the bridge or from the maximum output shaft speed is 5.660 warming up is necessary machinery control room, in the revolutions per minute. The use of the free turbine principle

Nsv.-DK.-Jan., 1»7C Nov.-Dec.-Jon., 1970-71 THE NAVY Poge Seven THE NAVY PagaSix There is no low frequency noise which can travel a long way underwater, as there is with AND THEIR conventional machinery. Instead there Sh IPS MACHINERY.. is a high frequency noise which is far easier to insulate against. Allowing for the same machinery- fuel weight ratio, the lower weight and size of the gas turbines allows more fuel to be carried A standard range of gas turbines is envisaged consisting of one high- powered. a medium-sized one, and a smaller one for cruise conditions. These will be used in varying combinations depending on the size of the ship. This standardisation will make logistic support simpler. Gas turbine installations are very sensitive to ambient air temperatures, The Rolls-Royce Olympus marine engine, used with the two Proteus engines on which mean reduced power in the the Exmouth to provide extra boost power. The Olympus is a 15,000 horsepower tropics. But with excess power to use. unit. Like the Proteus it has an extensive background of development as an oero the running under power should lead to engine. It is one of the world's most powerful jets and has established a first class improved life cycles, greater reputation since its introduction to the Royal Air Force in 1956. reliability, and greater mean time between overhauls. in which the turbine driving the output on order or in service and engine hours In the fast patrol boats, for instance, shaft is independent of the compressor at sea now exceed 120,000. despite the tremendous buffeting at system allows the engine to deliver By getting the Olympus to sea as a high speeds, the original time between extremely high power at low and main propulsion unit in the vessel, the overhauls was increased from 500 to medium propeller speeds. Royal Navy has gained further 2,000 hours, and this is the kind of Other new features in the Exmouth valuable experience of the operational improvement being looked for by the include the use of a gas turbine for characteristics and benefits in the Royal Navy in the Exmouth. driving the main electricity generator, rigours of naval service. SIGNIFICANT LEAD incorporating a waste heat boiler to Exmouth is air-conditioned There is no doubt that the British produce steam for auxiliary and throughout and the living quarters are lead is significant. The navies of domestic purposes. Equipment of high standards. The various visits Argentina. Malaysia. Iran. Libya. ARE OUR includes advanced sonar and anti- already undertaken or planned for the Finland and the Netherlands have submarine weapons. future, are designed to test the already ordered Olympus units. Over Rolls-Royce experience with marine machinery under varying climatic 70 engines are on order or in service gas turbines dates back to 1958 when conditions. and engine hours at sea exceed 3.700. VERY the Royal Navy pioneered the use of The advantages of switching to gas The latest Olympus, the TM3B. is Proteus engines of 4.250 h p. for the turbine machinery modules as a rated at 27,200 horse power, and is Brave Class fast patrol boats, and the general policy is that they are simple three feet narrower and 2Vi-tons SPECIAL combined steam and gas turbine to install, easier to maintain, need less lighter than the TM1 plants in the Tribal Class frigates and valuable technical manpower, and Neither steam nor diesel offered business the County Class guided missile increase the availablity of the ship. much scope for improvement either in destroyers. The installation is shockproof to efficiency or costs, and Exmouth is Since this installation. 12 other underwater explosions and can be without doubt the ship of the future. navies have ordered engines with changed through the big air intake The simplicity of installation and the power destroyers, corvettes, fast trunking by running it out on rollers reduction in technical manpower of up patrol and torpedo boats, hydrofoils and rails. A complete main engine to 25%, make it an attractive and hovercraft. Some 300 engines are change might be possible in 48-hours. proposition for any modern navy. Mr. T. MOGI, Director SHIP MACHINERY DEPARTMENT CONTRIBUTIONS INVITED The editor invites persons to submit..irtirles pbotoqr >ph ..i ;tr.« .mis hl,u:k ml. for inclusion in the nuty.i2ine. I>ut reyrets th.it no p.iyimnt c,m-he n « lot lontnbutions JAPAN «Sm submitted Contribution*. should lie i.ldr. w«l th>- I dit..i flu N.iv. Bo* i !/:. 309-313 PITT ST., SYDNEY, N.S.W. Clarence Street Post Office Sytl-.e-. N S.'.\ t'OO Atisti-.l., The Editor, does not hold himself responsible fur nunust rtpt though even effort will Phone: 61-9066 be niddfi to return those with which t.iitijjrd ,iucl iiddit'svi! • \ • is lost-d

N«v.-Ok -Jon1970-71 THE NAVY N.v.-D« -Jon., 1970-71 TH« NAVY Poge Eight •L. The Ideal Christmas Gift

A Satisfactory Connection - The Royal Australian Navy Have regular copies of "The Navy" magazine sent to your friends in and... Australia as a Christmas gift. COST, ONLY $1.30 FOR ONE YEAR. It couldn't be simpler — just complete the form provided below. The editor will forward a Christmas card with a copy of the magazine to advise your friends that the magazine comes as a gift from YOU. WATSONS Gift Subscription Form

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Please add the names entered hereunder, to the list of subscribers for 1971. to "The Navy' PTY. LTD. Magazine. I enclose $1 30 tor each name entered

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N*v.-0«..Jan.. 1970-71 Pat«B«v«n Nov.-0~.-Jon.. 19 THE NAVY Page T«n A CLOSE LIAISON THE NAVY DEPARTMENT

AND NATRONICS Warship PTY. LTD. By JACK MILLAR

A view of Tasmania's on* and only fighting ship, on un-namod socond-class torpodo boot, hkh saw sorvko on Iho Dorwont The Crescent, from ISM to 1900. The photo, tokon at tho old Print.. Wharf, also shows tho paddlo Monarch, onco a popular tradot botwoon Hobort and Now Norfolk.

Kingsgreve. N.S.W. Russian invasion scares from the time of the Crimean War A locomotive type boiler had a until the 1880's — two unannounced Russian warships dropped working pressure of 1301b anchor in the Derwent in 1873 — gave Tasmanians the jitters Nothing was forgotten The boiler was even provided with Thornycrofts' and lead to the building of Bellerive's Bluff Battery. patent apparatus for preventing injury They resulted also in the creation of watched by crowds which flocked to to the stokers from the bursting of a a Tasmanian Navy — a navy which the waterfront, and was towed to the tube consisted of a torpedo boat, manned by Battery Point shipyards of John Lucas 17 KNOTS Who are Proud to Be Associated with the Navy the army for the machinery aiid propeller to be Speed was stated to be more than 17 The sole seagoing unit of the fitted knots Barring accidents, steering was Department colony's navy — or was it the army? — It was moored off the shipyard until from the conning tower, with was an unnamed craft of 12 tons, and the completion of a special boatshed to telegraphic communication between her crew was made up of volunteer house it on the Domain foreshore. steersman and engineer soldiers in gay uniforms This sea-going "dreadnought was The torpedo gear consisted of a steel Both Houses of the colony's 63ft long, with only a 7ft 6in beam spar run in and out by a winch in the Suppliers of: Parliament recommended the Draught forward was only about 1ft conning tower, to which a McEvoy purchase of a gunboat for harbour lin. and aft. 3ft 2in. spar torpedo was fitted By means of defence in 1859. and three years later The keel, stem and stern posts, this dropping gear the torpedo was * Regulated D.C. Suppliers * AC Voltage the Under-Secretary iMr B T Solly I transverse frames, outside plating, lowered into the water and fired on advocated that Tasmania should have deck beams, and deck plating were all ahead bearings. Stabilisers "Current Regulators "Industrial a steam ram with two cupolas, each of galvanised steel, the plating of Total cost was around 3.300 Pounds mounting two 10-inch guns. which was only 1 16th of an inch thick. Why the terror of the Derwent was Control Equipment This idea stemmed probably from Engines were of the inverted direct not given the dignity of a name is not those used successfully in the early acting compound system, fitted with known When not in use it was hauled days of the American Civil War one high pressure cylinder, with into the boatshed by means of a cradle Weird, awesome-looking craft, they surface condenser, air pump i worked An old Hobart identity says it took the were nothing more than floating gun olf the low pressure engine), and two best part of half a day to raise steam, platforms, useful only in calm, feed pumps and a bilge pump worked launch the boat, and get ready for For All Enquiries .. . sheltered waters. off the crank shaft by means of worm action. Nothing came of the idea, but with and wheel. A special Torpedo Corps of about 40 the departure of British garrison Water was circulated through the army volunteers, was composed of troops the Government not only condenser by a centrifugal pump engineers and others in the MR. C. RIVERS lormed a volunteer corps, but ordered worked by a separate engine, and community. They also had in their a torpedo boat from the British firm of there was also a fan engine for charge a number of mines, to be Thornycrofls. supplying air to the boiler. The bilge strung across the Derwent and 50-0111 Phone 50-0111 The "warship" was unloaded from service consisted of six ejectors, one exploded electrically in an emergency the steamer Abingion on 1 May. 1884. of 45 tons, and five of 20 tons capacity A former Royal Engineer. Captain

Nov.-Ooc.-Jon., 1970-71 THE NAVY Thirtttn Nav.-toc.-Jwi., THi NAVY PafcTwahw James Mathieson. was appointed 20.000 Pounds, a second torpedo boat, Within a few years came SYDNEY Torpedo Director. "Walch's the strengthening of many river Federation, and Tasmania, along with TURNROUND Almanac" tells us that Lieut. J J. ferries to take a three-pounder quick- the other States, thankfully dumped its TIME 2 DAYS McDonald was officer commanding in firing gun. and additional guns for the defence problems into the lap of the OAMLEN MELBOUW 1887. James Mallard Clarke in 1888-9. Derwent batteries were recommended Commonwealth Government Stop- Lieut i later Captain i Robert Henry in gap measures for a naval force were 1890-8. and Lieut < later Captain > H. E. The Government, probably baulking evolved until the formation of the BRISBANE Parker in 1898-1900. when the torpedo at the cost, did not act on this. Royal Australian Navy in 1911. boat disappeared from the records. The reluctance of some Tasmanian AVERAGE Governments to allocate sufficient TURNROUND TIME 4 DAYS money for defence needs caused a falling off at times in the number of LONDON volunteers, who received little or no pay. This rubbed off on the Torpedo Corps, and on occasions the vessel was inoperative for want of a crew. Another cause of frustration was the inability of the corps to get permission AVERAGE HOBART TURNROUND to fire a practice torpedo. The TIME I DAY Government concerned at the high ADELAIDE cost, was loth to give this. When at last permission was given, the boat chugged off down the Derwent. the FREMANTLJ crew in high glee Torpedoes, then in their infancy, sometimes took erratic courses for no explainable reason. It was not unknown for a ship to have to dodge its GAMLEN MOVES WITH THE TIMES own torpedo. CAMLEN MARINI UBOtfl AHO Other colonies had similar defence MONEY SAVIMC PtOWICTS Because of the increasing mechanisation automation and sophistication o< problems to Tasmania's, and. with the AND SltVICES INCIUNE: Mercantile Marine and Naval vessels the consequent smaller crews and quick turn-round in port the need for Gamlen fuel and labour-saving chemicals exception of Western Australia, also • r«*i to <>t ««ei becomes more and more important bought torpedo boats, in addition to mtf corrovon "" i»l'»H be i«% To meet this growing demand and ensure the promptest service Gamlen has a much larger gunboats. staff of qualified marine representatives equipped with radio controlled cars in a" South Australia had one second-class torpedo boat, and New South Wales. major ports • Itttinmi «r».c*» 'or ch«wc«i €'*»••»» '« In the event of trouble with engines, boilers or tank cleaning Gamlen experts will Queensland and Victoria two. Victoria ggirtatfftH lourney between ports on the ship concerned and find the answer to the problem also had two first-class torpedo boats, • B>l(r dt««'"» compou^ «•»»•«* Where the work can be earned out at sea our representatives arc equipped to do larger, more powerful, and speedier • Co«0'»»'"i'»» ""«» o' iWM*'"t so however, if it is determined to be a port job then much time can be saved witf- craft • Automil'C t»"k C'»l""«r advanced setting up prior to berthing and the work completed m port Alternative j South Australia and Queensland • Ciniifl l»n» c !»»«<•» ly. this type of work can be ideally carried out in port despite the limited hours organised their own naval militia 1 • C»«to c "" cornoounm available forces, and Victoria with by far the biggest flotilla, had its own naval force. FOR GENERAL CARGO VESSELS. CONTAHER VESSELS. P*SSEHGtR-CARGO SHIPS ANO HAVAl VESSELS Of All KHDS In the 1890's following a visit to Hobart of the Australian Defence Com- py» - io**M MH OMflf or flam r -5m - f mo mittee. composed of the com- mandants of the other Australian - ** Ik mi Mm, fnr—T**s- --'4* colonies, a coastal defence gunboat /r Aume A*r - Amr Ttf//.:-Store 1 equipped with two 4.7in guns, to cost GAMLEN CHEMICAL CO. (A'ASIA) PTY. LTD

IN THE NEXT EDITION Head Office and laboratories mwicirtu © The next issue of "The Navy" will be published during February/March, 1971, MARINE AND INDUSTRIALOPERATIONS DIVISION and it is hoped to include special articles on the Navies of the United States, France, 69 Dickson Avenue. ARTARMON 2064. the Philippines and Holland. Phone 433178.437381. An article on Hovercraft, together with the usual features will also be included. EDITOR.

" i^sisssEHSfe Nov.-Dec.-Jan., 1970-71 THE NAVY Page Fifteen 2232 Rabaul 2876 TIGHT 3INDING _ A Close Liaison the Navy Department and . WANGCO

NEW SHIPS AND PROJECTS THE NAVY During 1969-70 the destroyer escort H.M A S. Swan The Royal Australian Navy bas the largest peacetime joined the fleet and the fourth Australian Oberon-class fleet in Its history. Fifty-five ships of various types were in submarine H.M.A.S. Onslow was delivered from Scotland PTY. LTD. service on 30 June 1970, shaping the Navy towards a after trials and workup in UK waters A sister ship to balanced fleet, possessing versatility and flexibility and a Swan, H M A S Torrens, will commission early in 1971 capacity for rapid deployment in a wide range of situations. The extended refit of the Daring-class destroyer The R A N. is being developed to be increasingly self- H M A S. Vampire has begun, and will be followed by reliant. with a high degree of strategic and tactical H.M.A.S. VepdetU't extended refit in 1971 These refits mobility. will include the updating of several weapon systems. 20-356 - PHONE - 20-356 The roles of the R.A.N, are: The conversion of H.M.A.S. Snipe to a coastal To organise, train and equip naval forces, including minehunter will be completed this year. naval aircraft, for timely and sustained combat The preliminary design study for a destroyer has begun operations at sea; and approval has been given for the detailed design of this to detect and destroy enemy naval forces and sea class of ship. Who are Proud to be Associated with the Navy Dept. in the Supply commerce; Other future projects for which approval was given in of... to establish and maintain superiority in areas as 1969-70 include:- necessary for naval operations, including the A fast combat support ship to supply to combatant ships protection of sea lines of communication; either at sea or in harbour a variety of fuels, Coal to conduct naval offensive operations against enemy ammunition, victuals and other stores. forces and installations; A specialised oceanographies ship which will replace to conduct naval reconnaissance and surveillance, the ageing H.M.A.S Diamantina The new ship, to be anti-submarine warfare, the protection of shipping, named H.M.A.S. Cook, is expected to be completed in * Contractors to the Navy Department and hydrographic and oceanographic survey. 1974. To provide naval support for land operations. A small hydrographic ship which will replace H.M.A.S. To provide military sea transport support for the Paluma. Australian services: and Two Oberon-class submarines to increase Australia's For All Enquiries ... To provide seaward defence of ports and anchorages. submarine strength to six vessels Ten Skyhawk fighter-bomber aircraft which will double Australia's new, powerful submarine force gets together for the number of this type of aircraft in service with the the first lime. The four Oberon-dass submarines ol the 1st Fleet Air Arm and increase the strike capacity of the Australian Submarine Squadron, Royol Australian Navy, are carrier H.M.A.S Melbourne. WANGCO PTY. LTD. moored at tho Navy's submarine base, H.M.A.S. Platypus, in Sydney. H.M.A.S. OnsW is inboard with H.M.A.S. Ovens Two twin-engined support and training aircraft which astern and H.M.A.S. Oxfey is outboard with H.M.A.S. Otway will be used for aircrew training, communications astern. Approval has been given for tho purchase of two duties. Fleet requirements and trials. more Oberons, regarded as among the most effective Overhaul and modernisation of gun mounts for the guided missile destroyers. This will increase the fire Norwich Union Houso conventional submarines in the world. power of the Fleet and its offensive capability New receiving facilities for the Naval communications station at Darwin. This will enhance communications 6 O'Connoll St., Sydney facilities necessary for the control of operations in areas to the north THE FLEET 1 Aircraft Carrier, H.M.A.S. Melboarae I Flagship I 3 Guided missile destroyers: H.M.A. Ships Pertk, Hobart and Brisbane. 3 Daring-class destroyers: H.M.A. Ships Vampire, Vendetta and Dockest.

TNI NAVY Nav.-Oac.-Jan., 1970-71 Pag* Sixteen Pago Seventeen 6 River-class destroyer escorts: H.M.A. Ships Yam. assault helicopter company which was established in South Parramatta, Stuart, Derwent, Swan and Torrens. Vietnam in October. 1967. 1 Coastal Minesweeper: H.M.A.S. Hawk. The company provides helicopter support to Allied 2 Minehunters: H M A Ships Curlew and Saipe. ground forces and has operated with considerable success. 4 Submarines: H.M.A. Submarines Oxley, Otway, Ovens Some pilots have flown up to 140 combat hours a month. A Close Association: the Navy Department and and Onslow. A clearance diving team has been attached to U.S. Naval 15 Patrol Boats: H.M.A Ships Attack. Advance, Assail. forces in South Vietnam since March 1967. Samarai, Aitape, Lae. Madang, Ladava, Aware, Ardent, By 30 June 1970 the troop transport H.M.A.S. Sydney had Barbette, Barricade, Buccaneer, Bayonet and Bombard. made 16 return passages to Vietnam since mid-1965 TRAINING SHIPS transporting troops, vehicles and equipment 1 Battle-class destroyer: H MAS. Anac. During the year under review H.M.A.S. Perth was 1 Queenborough-class destroyer escort: H.M.A.S Queen- awarded the United States Navy Meritorious Unit Aircraft borough. Commendation for "exceptionally meritorious service" in OPERATIONAL RESERVE I AS AT M/t/7t) the planning and execution of combat missions while 3 Coastal Minesweepers: H M A Ships Teal, Gull and Ibis. operating as a unit of the U.S. 7th Fleet 1 Patrol Boat: H M A S Bandolier. In September 1969 team No. 3 of the Clearance Diver unit SUPPORT SHIPS was awarded the comparatively new United States 1 Transport: H.M.A.S. Sydney (alsoused for training). Meritorious Unit Commendation for its service in Vietnam 1 Destroyer tender: H.M.A.S Stalwart. during the period February until June 1967 1 Oiler: H M A S Supply. Individual awards were made to other personnel who Components 1 Surveying ship: H.M.A.S. Moresby. were serving in Vietnam, including pilots in the assault 1 Coastal surveying ship: H.M.A.S. Paluma. helicopter company. 1 Oceanographic research ship: H.M.A.S. Diamantina. 1 Trials and oceanographic ship: H.M.A.S. Kimbla. STRATEGIC RESERVE 2 Reserve training ships iauxiliaries): H M.A. Ships Bass The deployment of two ships to the British and Banks. Commonwealth Strategic Reserve has continued. H.M.A. 4 Reserve training ipatrol boatsi: H M.A. Ships Acate, Ships Vampire, Derwent, Parrammatta, Stuart. Duchess Adroit, Arrow and Archer. and Yarra served in the area during 1969/70. Pty. Ltd. 1 Cargo ship H.M.A.S. Jeparlt (temporarily in commission for Vietnam service). EXERCISES H M.A. Ships took part in a number of international maritime exercises during the year. THE FLEET AIR ARM The major exercises were the SEATO Maritime SQUADRONS WHO ARE PROUD TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE NAVY DEPARTMENT Exercise. "Sea Rover" in which five of H.M.A. Ships co- WHO ARL PKUUU ^ pp FCOMPONENTS HT 723: Helicopter pilot training and search and rescue operated with ships of the Royal Navy, United States Navy, the SU LY 0 duties. Iroquois and Scout helicopters. Royal New Zealand Navy, the Philippines Navy and the VC 724: Fixed-winged fighter pilot training. Royal Thai Navy, and the Five-Power exercise called communications and Fleet requirement flying and trials. "Bersatu Padu" in the West Malaysian areas, in which 10 Aircraft types are Sea Venom, Vampire trainers. TA4G H.M.A ships took part with units of the three Services of Skvhawk trainers and A4G Skyhawk aircraft the United Kingdom. New Zealand. Singapore and For Further Technical Information Write to: I HT 725: Anti-submarine helicopter operational training and Malaysia. Fleet requirement duties. Wessex 21B helicopters. VF805: Frontline fighter squadron of A4G Skyhawk ROYAL VISIT aircraft. H.M.A.S Stuart acted as the escort for Her Majesty the AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS PTY. LTD. VS 816: Front-line fixed wing anti-submarine squadron of Queen embarked in H.M.Y Britannia on the Australian S2E Tracker Aircraft. HS 817: Front-line helicopter anti-submarine squadron of Wessex 31B helicopters. An A4G Skyhawk fighter-bomber n catapulted from tho Carrior, H.M.A.S. Melbourne, for a strike mission during CORNER MocFADYEN STREET * FOLKESTONE PARADE VC 851: 1 raining squadron for pilots, observers and aircrewmen. Twin-engine conversion, communication and SKA TO oiercisa, Soa Rover. BOTANY, N.S.W. Fleet requirement flying. Aircraft types are S2E Tracker and Dakota aircraft.

OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES VIETNAM The Royal Australian Navy continues to maintain one fleet unit in the Vietnam area as an integral part of the United States Navy's Seventh Fleet Since 1967 this 666-9515 PHONE 666-9242 commitment has been undertaken by the guided missile destroyers H.M.A Ships Perth, Hobart and Brisbane and the Daring-class destroyer H.M.A.S. Vendetta. The R.A.N, continues to maintain its commitment of eight helicopter pilots, four observers, four aircrewmen and 30 maintainers to an integrated R.A.N.-U.S. Army ~m THiNAVY Pago Eighteen station, and R.A.N, ships and establishments arranged and Oceanographic research has become of increasing value hosted, on behalf of the Commonwealth, all foreign ship to defence by helping to strengthen the R.A.N.'s anti- visits to Australian ports and attendance at the Captain submarine capability through greater knowledge of the Cook Bi-Centenary ceremonies. In all. 85 individual port ocean environment. The information obtained also has visits were made by foreign ships in connection with the scientific importance. celebrations. During 1969-70 H.M.A.S. Diamantina carried out seven oceanographic cruises in the Indian and Southern Oceans. At these times she carried scientists from the C.S.I.R.O., Columbia University and various Australian universities engaged on different aspects of oceanographic research. 10% off In 1974 H.M.A.S. Diamantina will be replaced by H.M.A.S. Cook, a vessel specially designed for oceanographic research, fitted with bow propulsion, and group take-oH" embodying such modern equipment as satellite navigation, data-logging systems, aid narrow beam sounding devices. withTAA. FLEET AIR ARM Over the next two years the strength of the Fleet Air 10% oH the Economy fare. Plus Arm will be increased through the addition of 10 Skyhawks. Butchers, bakers, or decision arrange accommodation, sight- 10 Macchi jet trainers, two HS-748 training and support makers. No matter what common- seeing. and all other details. interest group you belong to. we aircraft and nine light training helicopters. If you have an interstate group The additional Skyhawks will enable the versatility of can save you big money with our get-together, get together with us special group travel discounts. first. Simply call your Trtvel H.M.A.S. Melbourne to be increased and at the same time Just another reason why we're the Agent, or TAA. will provide a significant strike force and a substantial airline specialists. increase in the deterrent and offensive capability of the For every fifteen or more adult R.A.N group members, we'll gladly chop The Naval Air Station at Nowra now conducts much of H.M.A.S. Melbourne, flogship of tho Royal Au»tralian Navy. the aircrew training which was formerly undertaken overseas, and to increase its capacity for pilot training the SURVEYING AND first of 10 Macchi jet trainers will be delivered towards the OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH end of 1970 with the programme completing by mid-1971. The Hvdrographic Service continues to play an The requirement for training and support aircraft increasingly important role in the rapid development of thc includes fleet training and trials over a wide field of nation's mineral resources. The need for new ports, operations peculiar to the Navy. In particular the HS-748 development of existing ports, new harbour approach aircraft will be used for exercising ships of the Fleet in routes, new shipping routes, and the resurveying of some electronic warfare. existing routes for the safe passage of deep-draught bulk- Shore base facilities at H.M.A.S. Albatross, the Naval air carriers. provides a challenge requiring the maximum station at Nowra. have been developed and a programme of effort of the Service. modernisation is continuing. In 1970/71 this will involve the H.M.A.S. Moresby has completed two survey seasons in construction of two accommodation blocks for officers and the Gulf of Carpentaria to provide shipping routes to the one for sailors to replace World War II structures. new ports of Gove and Weipa. and in this task was assisted Additional flying aids and the Tracker weapon system by the Patrol Boats H.M.A. Ships Barbette. Barricade. trainer have become operational during the last six months Buccaneer and Bombard which acted as consorts for the and a new avionics workshop will be in full operation survey. Moresby has a continuing task to survey shipping before the end of 1970. routes for bulk-ore carriers off North West Australia. Ships of tho R.A.N. Mine Countermeasures Squadron loave H.M.A.S. Paluma has continued to survey the inner Sydney Harbour for overseas. shipping route in the northern part of the Barrier Reef to provide an up-dated survey of this important route which has been based on surveys mostly carried out last century. H.M.A.S. Bass, with the assistance of Tasmanian Reserve personnel, has continued with the survey of the approaches to the new port of Spring Bay in Tasmania. H.M.A. Ships Hawk and Gull and the Division of National Mapping have made progress with the Aerodist Programme, fixing the position of detached reefs in the ^^^H^Jj the airline specialists Coral Sea seaward of the Continental Shelf. The requirement for new charts to meet the increased demand of the bulk shipping trade comes at a time when metrication of all existing navigation charts is being carried out. This large task is well in hand. A number of metric charts have already been published, and it is planned to have all harbour and harbour approach charts re-published in metric form before the end of 1972.

Nov.-Dec.-Jan., 1970-71 THE NAVY Page Twenty-one THE NAVY N.».-D~.-Jan..l< Pag* Tw»nty Compliments of . . . 0STA CHEMICALS LTD.

19 Boundary Street RUSHCUTTERS BAY, N.S.W.

Phone: 31-1154

Contractors to the Navy for all Chemicals HMAS HOBART. a guided missile destroyer, makes a fast turn on the gunline off South Vietnam.

PERSONNEL uegun investigations and is expected to present its report MANPOWER by the end of 1970. A total of 17.304 officers, sailors. W.R.A.N.S. and # will assess the need for redesigning the branch members of the Royal Australian Naval Nursing Service structure, with resultant changes in manning concepts, to was serving in the permanent Naval Force on 30 June 1970. meet the needs of the Navy in the foreseeable future. A CLOSE LIAISON THE NAVY DEPT. AND . . . The estimated strength on 30 June 1971. is 17.820 The The committee will also made recommendations in officer strength on 30 June 1970. was 2.016 and will rise to respect of initial engagement and re-engagement periods, an estimated 2.113 in the next year training patterns and promotion opportunities. The build-up of junior recruits progressed during the TRAINING year At 30 June. 1970. the intake had reached 747 of the Of the total R.A.N, strength approximately 6.500 are Pettit & Sevitt target" of 800 Most of this build up occurred during the directly and indirecUy involved in formal training. latter part of the financial year There are 750 training courses in the R.A.N varying in duration from one day to four years. OPTIONAL DISCHARGE Of the total 750 courses, 586 are operated by the R.A.N In January. 1970. a scheme was introduced to enable itself; the remainder by industry, universities and recruits of all kinds to withdraw from the R.A.N, if. within technical colleges, or other Services, both Australian and a prescribed time, thev found thev did not care for naval overseas. Constructions Pty. Ltd. life To ensure continuous updating of courses a Training 443-224 — PHONE — 443-224 The basis of the scheme is that adult male recruits may Research Organisation maintains permanent liaison with give notice of their wish to leave the R A N. within 64 days leading technological institutions Who are Proud to be Associated with the NAVY DEPT. in their Construction of joining. Similar facilities have been arranged for other Two senior R.A.N, officers completed a two months' Work at Nowra and Jervis Bay types of recruits, with variations in the period when overseas training investigation mission in 1970 which will optional discharge can be claimed. ensure full use of the latest proven methods and techniques • For all Enquiries . . . * CONTRACTORS TO THE R.A.N This "taste and try" scheme gives the recruit the in R.A.N, training. opportunity of discharge before committing himself to nine The R.A.N. College has expanded its commitments in the or 12 years' minimum service. field of tertiary academic training for junior officers PETTIT & SEVITT CONSTRUCTIONS To 30 June 1970. 47 recruits out of a total 531 had chosen to A new University subject. Oceanography 1, is being leave within the prescribed time. A further 517 recruits presented in 1970, and passes will count as a unit towards PTY. LTD. entered during the period had not reached their optional the Bachelor of Science degree which cadets may gain discharge date bv that time from the University at New South Wales 200 MONA VALE ROAD, REVIEW OF SAILOR STRUCTURE In addition to degree courses in science and engineering, ST. IVES, N.S.W. The Naval Board decided that a review of the sailor junior officers may now study for arts degrees at the structure of the R.A.N, was desirable and a committee has University.

Nov.-D*c.-Jan., 197 Nov.-D*c.-Jan., 1970-71 THE NAVY Pag. Tw.nty-thr«. THE NAVY Page Tw.nty-two W.R.A.N.S. R.A.N. Emergency Reserve 67Officers and 830Sailors. The Women's Royal Australian Naval Service is heading Citizens Naval Forces 1245 Officers and 3074 Sailors towards a ceiling figure of 40 officers and 795 Wrans. W.R.A.N.S. Reserve 2 Officers and 141 Wrans A SATISFACTORY CONNECTION THE NAVY DEPT AND At 30 June 1970. there were 31 officers — with three A total of 220 Reservists was serving periods of full time cadets under training — and 645 Wrans. service with the R.A.N The Wrans Reserve continues to provide trained Members of the R.A.N.R., the main training component of personnel to fill the Permanent Naval Forces vacancies' the C.N.F., have continued to make good use of the support and there are 23 carrying out full-time service. craft attached to their training establishments in Brisbane. British Box Co. Pty. Ltd. The regulation permitting Wrans to remain with the Sydney, Melbourne. Adelaide and Fremantle As well, they Navy after marriage, which was introduced in April 1969. have carried out periods of training with the Fleet. has resulted in the continued service of two married CIVIL PERSONNEL 67-3054 — PHONE — 67-3054 officers and 19 married Wrans of all ranks. A total of 11,609 civilians was employed by the PAPUA-NEW GUINEA DIVISION Department of the Navy on 30 June 1970 Who are Proud to be Associated with the Four officers of the Papua-New Guinea Division who During 1970-71 these civilians will be employed on a R.A.N, in the Supply of joined in December 1966. are undergoing further sea variety of tasks in support of the R.A.N Many of these training in patrol boats. Another three officers who joined tasks are expanding considerably to meet Australia's need WOODEN CRATES & PALLETS in December 1968. are at present undergoing midshipman to be self-sufficient in technical, logistic and support training. aspects. A further 37 recruits entered the P.N.G. Division in 1969- For AH Enquiries . . . 70. bringing the total strength to seven officers and 208 BUILDINGS, WORKS AND sailors. MR. H. KAY Four P.N.G. apprentices have completed training at the HOUSING R AN. Apprentice Training Establishment. H.M.A.S. Expenditure on buildings and works during 1969/70 was BRITISH BOX CO. PTY. LTD. Nirimba and a further 13 PNG. apprentices are 111.39m. In addition 12 80m was advanced to the States undergoing training Trained P.N.G. sailors are under the Commonwealth States Housing Agreement Coward Street, W/Mascot, N.S.W. progressively replacing R A N. sailors in patrol boats towards houses under construction and the cost of a further based at H M A S Tarangau. Manus Island 428 houses and flats for naval personnel. NAVAL RESERVE FORCES Major projects let to contract during the year included On 30 June 1970, the Naval Reserve Forces had a total new barracks for officers and sailors at the Naval Air strength of 5.359 made up as follows: Station Nowra, barracks for senior sailors, swimming pool

A CLOSE LIAISON THE NAVY DEPT. AND . . . F. JENKINS & SONS PTY. LTD.

45 BAY ROAD, TAREN POINT

Who are Proud to be Associated with the Navy Dept. in Maintenance & Repair Work

• CONTRACTORS TO THE NAVY DEPT.

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Nov.-Oot.-Joi>., 1970-71 THE NAVY Nov.-Ooc.-Jon., 1970-71 THE NAVY Pago Twenty-five Page Twenty-four and gymnasium at the Junior Recruits Training Taring.., Manus Island. The programme also includes the Establishment. H.M.A.S. Lee.win. W.A.. a barracks block construction of 16 houses in the Darwin area I six of which for cadets at the Royal Australian Naval College. Jervis will replace old houses), and further improvements at the Bay. and a testing and laboratory building at Garden Island Naval Dockyards A Close Liaison the Navy Dept and Dockyard Other projects included improvements to As at 30 June 1970. 3670 married quarters were available, workshop facilities and engineering services at the Naval under construction or on approved programmes for R.A.N, Dockyards and logistic support projects at Naval stores personnel and their families throughout Australia and and armament depots. Papua New Guinea Provision has been made in 1970/71 for Provision is made in the 1970 71 programme for an }1.876m to be advanced to the States under the expenditure of $12.3m on buildings and works which will Commonwealth State Housing Agreement towards the cost include a new radio receiving station in the Northern of houses under construction and a further 374 married G. H. Distributors Pty. Ltd. Territory, major instructional buildings at the Naval quarters for rental by Naval personnel. (BEARINGS & GEARS) Training Establishment. H.M.A S. Cerberas (Flinders. Items of forward planning include the proposed Vic. i and the Apprentices Training School. H.M.A.S. construction of a causeway linking Garden Island with the Nirimba (QuakersHill. N.S.W i. a new oil fuel installation mainland at Cockburn Sound. W A . as the first step in and improvements to electrical services at H M A S. providing the naval support facility. Suppliers of... * Gear and Worm Boxes * Contact Tubes • Machinery and Welding Work * Contractors to the Navy Fept NAVY EXPENDITURE The chart below shows the major categories of proposed expenditure for the Navy in 1970-71 compared

for All Enquitimf . . . with actual expenditure in the previous year. Estimated Actual MR. A. PRATT 1970-71 1969-70

Service Pay and Allowances 92 KING GEORGES ROAD, BLAKEHURST

Civil Salaries 546-6022 Phone 546-6022 General expenses

Maintenance Stores A close liaison the NAVY DEPT and

Maintenance of Equipment PEACOCK ft SMITH Maintenance of Buildings and Works 4.600 PTY. LTD. Naval Construction 13.554 SHIP REPAIRS Aircraft Purchase .880

Melbourne, 62-3911 and Geelong 7-2937 Capital I-quipmcnl 13.280

MARINE ENGINEERS: STEAM - DIESEL - ELECTRICAL - GENERAL Buildings. Works. Sites and Housing 14.209 BOILER MAKERS. ELECTRIC and OXY-ACETYLENE WELDERS COPPERSMITHS and PLUMBERS Recoverable Expenditure for Other 1.862 Governments 534 FLINDERS STREET, MELBOURNE Total from Appropriations 216.888 225.333 FOCH STREET, NORTH SHORE, GEELONG OuUays from United States Credits 26.122 15.807 Telegrams — "DIEREP", Melbourne TOTAL NAVY 243.010 241.140

Nm.-DK.-Jon., 1970-71 THE NAVY Pop* Twenty hvm Ncv.-0M.-Jan., 1970-71 THI NAVY Paf. Twenty-si* A Close Liaison the Navy Dept. and SPECIFIED CONCRETE PTY. LTD. "The Civilian Arm of the Navy" Who are Proud to be Associated with the Navy Dept. in the Supply of. The principal objective of the Navy We invite you to swell our ranks League of Australia is to stress the vital DIVISIONS and so keep up to date with Maritime * CONCRETE importance of Sea Power to the New South Wales - Box 1719, G.P.O., Commonwealth of Nations and the Affairs to help to build an Sydney, 2001. important role played by the Royal ever-increasing weight of informed Victoria — Room 6. 2nd Floor. 528 Australian Navy. • CONTRACTORS TO THE NAVY DEPT public opinion. The Navy League will Collins Street. Melbourne. 3000 The League, in conjunction with then become widely known and Queensland - Box 376E, G.P.O., the Commonwealth Naval Board, Brisbane, 4001. For All Enquiries . . . exercise an important influence in the Tasmania - administers the Australian Sea Cadet life of the Australian Nation. Corps, by providing finance and South Australia - Box 1529M G.P.O., SPECIFIED CONCRETE PTY. LTD. technical sea training for boys who Adelaide. 5001 intend to serve in the Naval or The League consists of Fellows and Western Australia - 182 Coode Street, Crown Street, Port Kembla, Wollongong, N.S.W. Merchant Services, also to those Associates. All British subjects who Como, 6152. 4-0278 Phone 4-0278 sea-minded boys, who do not intend to support the objectives of the League Australian Capital Territory - 60 follow a sea career, but who given this are eligible for membership. Members Limestone Avenue, Ainslie, 2602. Northern Territory - C/- Mr». V. M. knowledge will form a valuable reserve receive copies of the League's magazine for the Naval Service. Slide, 12 Allen Street, Fannie Bay. "The Navy". 5790.

Compliments of. . THE NAVY LEAGUE OF AUSTRALIA FEENIX PLUMBERS Application for Membership To: The Secretary. The Navy League of Australia. PTY. LTD. < Division). Sir. I am desirous of becoming a Member of the Navy League of Australia with whose objects I am in sympathy.

• Plumbers and Gasfitters (Mr > Name (Mrs (Miss I i Rank i 34 MARY PARADE, RYDALMERE Please Print Clearly. Street Suburb __ Who are proud to be Associated with the Navy Dept. State Post Code Signature Date For All Enquiries . . . Enclosed is a remittance for $4.20 being my first annual subscription. 638-0503 Phone 638-0503 AFTER COMPLETION. THIS FORM SHOULD BE DISPATCHED TO YOUR DIVISIONAL SECRETARY - NOTE LIST OF ADDRESSES ABOVE

Nov.-O^.-jon., 1970-71 rHf NAVV THE NAVY Nov Pag. Tw.nty-.i9h! BRANDT'S BROS. President's Report (Presented, 13 August, 1970) (GENERAL MERCHANTS) Again it is my pleasure lo offer for your approval the Annual Report and Financial Statement of the Western Australian Division of the Navy League of Australia. 371 PITT STREET, SYDNEY The period under review has been a and all personnel for the interest they I would also take the opportunity of musi satisfactory one for the Division. have shown in the League's activities. thanking Mr Michael Worner who Although no new units have been On the financial side the year has acted as Treasurer up till late 1969 and formed, the Division's four training .been a most successful one. due whose resignation was brought about Suppliers of ... * Lanterns * L.P. Gas Equipment * ships. TS Perth. T S. Bedford. T.S. chiefly to launch owners from the by a transfer to Victoria. Vancouver and T.S Morrow have all Royal Freshwater Bay Yacht Club. Contractors to the Navy Dept. consolidated their position and all Royal Perth Yacht Club, and South of In an effort lo broaden the naval have. 1 am proud to say. established Perth Yacht Club, who generously viewpoint the Executive has invited headquarters, a position unfortunately provided their vessels for another representatives from other naval not enjoyed by some Divisions in other Night Afloat. Some forty vessels organisations to join the League States participated and close on 1.000 people Executive. Already representatives Telephone: 26-6651 The H.M.A.S. Perth Memorial enjoyed a splendid evening and the from the Naval Association. H M A S. Headquarters Building continues to be proceeds were over $1,200. Perth Survivors and the of great benefit to the Division Submariners Association have Recently an inspection of the building On the social side, your Executive accepted invitations and it is felt their was carried out by the Minister for arranged a picture show and afternoon presence at the Executive table has Navy. The Honourable D J Killen. tea on M.V. Australasia and held a been both beneficial to the Navy- M P who. in congratulating the very successful Malayasian evening in League and the Associations they the Headquarters Building Other represent It is hoped to invite other A Recommended Contractor to the Navy Dept. Division, expressed the opinion that it was the ideal setup for Cadet Training functions are planned for the organisations to join us if the forthcoming year and it is hoped that opportunity presents itself The Division has not only been able by holding regular entertainment to use the building as a training more young people will be attracted to In conclusion may I pay tribute to Peter Vanderfield establishment but has been able to the League. Captain L. T Vickridge. O B E.. utilise it for social functions. In this V.R.D., R A N R . who has played a manner the Division, besides being My report would be incomplete major part in the efficient running and able to save money, has turned the without an expression of thanks to our operations of the Sea Cadet Units. building into a true headquarters for Chairman. Mr W. H. Jacobs, our (N.S.W.) Pty. Ltd. all its activities Secretary. Mr R. A. Hannah. Treasurer. Mr I Bishop, and members ROLAND SMITH. The amalgamation of the Australian * Currently Contractors to the Armed Forces with the Supply of: of the Executive Committee President Sea Cadet Corp and the Naval Reserve Cadets has drawn closer, but as yet is not an accomplished fact. Your Xmas and New Year Greetings from . . • ANODISED ALUMINIUM LABELS Division has given this move a great • ETCHED BRASS LABELS deal of consideration, but sees danger The Coonalpyn Community in any proposition that does not Also Contractor for Letraset Instant Lettering envisage some partnership between Hotel Ltd. the Naval Board and the Navy League in the administration of the Cadets I JACK KOfOKO, your gonU host) The views of the Division have been Always a Warm Welcome. IS Self-Contained Rooms conveyed to the Minister for Navy who Leading Brands of Ales, Wines, and Spirits Always has promised to give them his Stocked 3 BRUCE STREET, CROWS NEST, N.S.W. consideration. The League again participated in MAIN MAD, COONALPYN, S.A. Phone: 929-9740, 929-9743 Navy Week celebrations and is greatly Phono: 66 Gu.,1, 65 indebted to Naval Officer in Charge

Nov.4K.-JOR., 1970*71 Nov.-Dot.-Jon., 1970-71 THC NAVY Pofo Thirty-ono TMI NAVY Fa*o Thirty JOIN THE AUSTRALIAN SEA CADET CORPS If you ore between the oges of 13 ond 18 yeors

The Australian Sea Cadet Corps is a confirm they are capable of carrying sporting activities and other varied On 25 July. 1970. at Bundaberg. voluntary organisation administered out the normal duties and activities of subjects. Queensland, representatives of the by the Commonwealth Naval Board the Cadet Corps. If injured while on Instructional camps are arranged for Bundaberg Harbour Board and the and The Navy League of Australia duty, Cadets are considered for Sea Cadets in Naval Establishments, Territorial Branch of the Navv League payment of compensation. The aim of the Australian Sea Cadet and they are also given opportunities, signed a 21 year lease for the use of 2'* Parades are held on Saturday Corps is to provide for the spiritual, whenever possible, to undertake acres of land at Port Bundaberg. afternoons and certain Units hold an training at sea in ships of the Royal social and educational welfare of boys where the local Branch of the Navy additional parade one night a week. Australian Navv. and to develop in them character, a League intends to construct a The interesting syllabus of training Cadets, if considering a sea career, sense of patriotism, self-reliance, Headquarters Building and boatshed covers a wide sphere and includes are given every assistance to join the for Sea Cadet Training Ship citizenship and discipline seamanship, handling of boats under Royal Australian Navy, the Mercantile sail and power, navigation, physical Bundaberg. Uniforms are supplied free of charge. Marine or the Royal Australian Naval training, rifle shooting, signalling, On this special occasion, Mr R. Cadets are required to produce a Reserve, but there is no compulsion to splicing of wire and ropes, general Moisel. President of the Bundaberg certificate from their doctor to join these Services. Branch received the Branch's Warrant of Commission from the President of For further information please contact the Divisional Senior Officer in your State, using the the Queensland Division of the Navy Form provided below. League of Australia. Surgeon Commander Athol H. Robertson. R.A.N.V.R. (Seephotograph» Senior Officers. Australian Sea Cadet Corps The lease was signed by Commander Robertson and the Chairman of the NEW SOUTH WALES: Staff Office Cadets. H.M.A.S. VICTORIA: C/- Room 6. 2nd Floor. 528 Collins St., Bundaberg Harbour Board. Mr Robert Watson. Watsons Bay. N.S.W.. 2030. Melbourne. 3000. C. Gibson. (Seephotograph). QUEENSLAND: C/ Box 376E, G.P.O., Brisbane. 4001. AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY: Industry House. The official proceedings were WESTERN AUSTRALIA: C/- 182 Coode St., Como. 6152. National Circuit. Barton. 2600 chaired by Alderman G. G. Boreham. SOUTH AUSTRALIA: C/ Box 1529M. G.P.O., Adelaide. NORTHERN TERRITORY: Mrs. V. M. Slide. 12 Allen Bundaberg's Deputy Mayor and 3001. Street, Fannie Bay. 5790. former R.A.N.V.R. Officer The commanding officer of T.S. Top photograph: Surgeon Commander Athol Robertson, Bundaberg. Lieutenant B. Boneham. R.A.N.V.R. (right) President of the Queensland Division of the A.S.C.C.. has two officers, four Navy League of Australia, hands over the Warrant of TO: The Senior Officer. instructors and sixtv Cadets in the Commission to the President of the Bundaberg Branch of the Australian Sea Cadet Corps Unit Leogue, Mr R. Moisel. When the Port Bundaberg site is Lower photograph: Surgeon Commander Robertson signs the I am interested in joining the Australian Sea Cadet Corps and would be fully developed with buildings and lease for 2 Vi acres of land for the Bundaberg Unit of the Australian Sea Cadet Corps. He is watched by Mr R. Moisel pleased to receive further information. parade ground. T.S. Bundaberg will be (left) and Mr W. F. Moffatr. Secretary of the Bundaberg one of the best housed and most envied Harbour Board. units in the Queensland Division and Australia. NAMp

Compliments of STREET SUBURB C? A/ Tkl\J 17 V Suppliers of.. ' BLOCK CAKE SYDNEY STATE OR TERRITORY POST CODE CAKE CO. * Contractors to the Navy Department PHONE No. AGE. 12 BARKER STREET 663-3978 Phone: 663-5115 (Please Print Clearly)

KINGSFORD Please address your envelope to the Senior Officer in your State or Territory —see list of addresses above T«NAVY Nov.-Doc.-Jan., 1970- Page Thirty-two A Close Liaison: The Navy Department and . . . BEARCAT A. F. LITTLE (Southern Div.) e e e PTY. LTD. FIVE ISLANDS ROAD, PORT KEMBLA

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Vietnam from tho Bearcat Pilot'* Anglo. • SPECIALISING IN CONSTRUCTION WORK

One hour's drive from Saigon you find an elite team of young Australians 40-723 Phone 40-723 who are tackling what may be the worst war job in Vietnam.

Flanked by Vietnamisation, Every morning of the week they pick "We used to catch most of the fire in pacification, and at times up South Vietnamese troops of the 7th the rear part of the aircraft. Nowdays mortification, they go out at dawn ARVN Division. Then they fly them to they have learned to put their fire into each day and become targets for an where the enemy is. the forward sections." array of weapons that only Vietnam Which helps to explain why three of Strangely enough — for Vietnam — has seen. the eight Australian pilots have been there was a brighter note. Suddenly, their war has turned time wounded since the present flight "There are signs that we are SOUTH COAST PAVING ft back to the days of the cumbersome, arrived in Vietnam in September. 1969. breaking down the enemy's morale in slow air machines of World War I The toll for the previous R.A.N, the Delta," Lieutenant Commander when ground troops had the supreme teams since 1967 included three pilots Farthing said. pleasure of being able to shoot down and two air crewmen killed. "Sometimes, now. the enemy are TERRAZZO PTY. LTD. attacking aircraft. Since September 1969. the starting to break and run — even from Officially, it's called Helicopter company's 30 helicopters — all prepared positions," he said Flight Vietnam — HFV. Iroquois — have suffered a total of 281 The enemy may be under change. Specialising in: It comprises 46 tren of the Royal "hits" by everything ranging from Australian Navy's Fleet Air Arm But the men of the 135th can't count on mortar shrapnel to streams of 50 easy rides. They fly ihe Vietcong-studded calibre shells through the plexiglass. CONCRETE FLOORS, CONCRETE ROADS, AND Mekong Delta In one engagement on the present AERODROME CONCRETE PAVEMENTS KERBS & GUTTERS Their company is called EMU — In this period. United States losses in tour, a Vietcong 50 calibre gun shot Experimental Military Unit — the combined RAN-US team have been down one of the company's Iroquois, because they are a unique air-war six men killed in action and 14 killing its four-man U.S. crew. Concrete supplied and placed in all types of Buildings and Granolithic Toppings group. They are totally integrated with wounded. The official report stated that "the a United States Army unit. Survival is the issue Helicopter enemy was so well entrenched that it The joint company of 280 men is the pilots carrying in troops in the Mekong took 18 hours to secure the still- TERRAZZO PAVING AND PRE-CAST 135th Aviation Company. Delta can expect to be fired on at an burning aircraft." Its home is Bearcat. 15 miles south- average of about every second mission. During the engagement, helicopters east of Saigon It's a dust-streaming "The enemy are getting much more flown by the dead crew's U.S and flattened "horror" stretch of Vietnam accurate in their fire than they used to Australian fellow-pilots continuously TELEPHONE 84-4666 — 84-4020 Nothing of the soft greens and be". Lieutenant Commander Eavid flew down the 50 calibre gun's fireline. geometrical patterns of the rice fields Farthing. 30, of Nowra, N.S.W.. said Sub-lieutenant Roger Cooper. 20. at Bearcat is barren. He is the commanding officer of the Waterloo. S.A., earlier had his The task of the Fleet Air Arm is RAN crews and executive officer of Iroquois hit by the same gun in the simple. the company. operation

Nov.-Dx.-Jon., 1971 Nov.-Doc.-Jon., 1970-71 THt NAVY Page Thirty-five THE NAVY Pog« Thirty-lour "Sub-lieutenant Cooper's aircraft Peter Clark recalled the day he saw "The troops jumped out from my kept flying but it was so badly Sub-lieutenant Eric Wile. 24. of side and they all fell over — dead — damaged in the engagement that it Victoria Street. Taree. N.S.W., put his from a heavy machine gun. was 'written off'.'' Lieutenant helicopter down in a matchbox sized "A piece of shrapnel came off the Commander Farthing said. clearing. Compliments of. pedals and hit me on the foot. By this Lieutenant Richard Marum. 27. of "We watched him wait on the ground time I was sure I was in something of a Pemberton Street. Albury. N.S.W.. has for 20 minutes to pick up troops. All state of disrepair. We took six more been awarded the title of " Magnet'' by the time he was taking fire from the hits in the cockpit.'' he said. his crewmates. Vietcong while his crew was firing He discovered later that he was He attracts firepower as well as back. We saw one of his crew open up a giving it out. suffering only slight cuts from the TREFOIL BOOK SUPPLIES softdrink while he fired one-handed," broken glass and had a bruised foot. His aircraft has been hit on 11 he recalled. separate occasions. Sub-lieutenant Clive Mayo. 21. of Later that night he took part in three They recall the neat bullet hole Shillington Street. Blackheath. more troop landings. (Booksellers) through his windscreen and the crease N.S.W.. is an expert at having his fuel Roger Cooper of Waterloo was still evident in his flying helmet. tank blown by enemy fire. He has had forced down in a night operation by a 50 calibre enemy gun. He spent a "brief period'' in hospital his fuel cell punctured twice. in South Vietnam after being shot in He was shot in the left hand on one He was able to land the aircraft at a one hand and a leg. fire support base, with his own radio ' General and Technical Booksellers mission. It was the "world's most There is never any dullness at active bullet." he said. units out of action. He passed a Bearcat. There are plenty of war "It came in through the cargo door, warning about the 50 calibre enemy * Contractors to the Royal Australian Navv stories with a difference. hit the fire extinguisher and shattered, gun to another gunship. One memory that Lieutenant Peter hit a map case in fragments — and bits "The gun shot them down at about Clark. 23. of Crows Nest, has is the day the time we finished passing the * For All Enquiries.. . went into my hand." he was landing troops when the He kept flying and they cut the message." he said. Vietcong began firing from nearby pieces out that night. Lieutenant Commander Farthing supposed friendly houses. Sub-lieutenant Andy Perry. 21. of has one of the most demanding jobs in 369 PENSHURST STREET, CHATSWOOD. 2067 "Next, they began to mortar us from Kettering. Tasmania, does not long to the squadron, apart from just being the treeline," he said. He took off go on night troop landings. He's tried "boss ' to his Australian team and 40-3331 Phone 40-3331 safely. them before and has firmly decided he looking after their well-being. Gunships were called in and prefers day operations. His flying task is operating the reported they were taking fire from a However, recently, after eight hours command and control helicopter complete circle around the original day flying he answered a call to assist during operations. pick-up zone, which had previously in a night operation before returning to He directs the operations in terms of been considered a quiet "ell-zee'. or Bearcat base. gun-ships, troop-carrying "slicks", landing zone. He led a group of nine aircraft to the and whatever else becomes necessary landing zone and began taking heavy in the exasperatingly complicated machine gun fire a mile from the ground-air war in the Delta. A Close Liaison the Navy Department and .. . landing point. The Navy men at Bearcat have "Normally you don't get it until you exhibited the quality that often comes are almost there."' he said. to the surface in Australian troops "We took our firs' hit at about 500 overseas — helping to improve local feet It came in under the seat. Then, conditions. just before v;e hit the ground, a bullet Unlike some other areas of Vietnam. B. X. PLASTICS AUST. came through the windshield and I felt Bearcat offers no "local scene" in blood on my face. which to escape for a few hours. Living PTY. LTD. Checking helicopter equipment at Bearcat, Vietnam.

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A naval air mechanic works on the • Contractors to the Navy Department Offices in All States •ngine of an Iroquois helicopter at Bearcat base.

Nov.-Dec.-Jan., 1970-71 Nov.-Dec.-Jan., 197 THE NAVY Page Thirty-six THE NAVY Page Thirty-seven at Bearcat means you work. eat. sleep They fly. on an average between 115 company after being shot through both and fly — at Bearcat and 120 hours a month. In June they legs The Australians decided to make life flew 29 days. Giffens was flying a gunship to a little less primitive. Some days are worse than others. support a ground battle when his Best Wishes from Lieutenant D B. Gibson. 26. of machine became entangled in heavy They dug in and built flush toilets Albany Highway. Cannington. is now- fire patterns. and workable bathing facilities. recovering after receiving serious The Iroquois was hit on 11 occasions. Lieutenant Pat Arthur. 25. of multiple wounds when his Iroquois One bullet entered his left leg. then THOMAS ROBINSON & Camberwell Road. Hartwell. and his landed on a 105 MM booby trap mine. carried through to his right knee. comrades went to work on their His aircraft was completely As he was flown out he asked that he accommodation areas Paint, destroyed. Two men in it were killed in be treated in Vietnam — Australia was carpentry, lamps and even curtains SON PTY. LTD. the blast too far away. and an airconditioning unit appeared. It had been thought to be a safe Giffens offered to serve as an HQ "You have to make the best of landing zone. officer on the ground at Bearcat while * Woodworkers Engineers what you have." Pat Arthur said. The Vietcong like putting booby he was •learning to use crutches' When his tour is up he intends to traps on well-used landing zones. The doctors nodded kindly — and he head for a Pacific Island and collect On this occasion. Lieutenant Gibson was evacuated to Australia for sea shells until my next assignment." had been about to put down on one area specialised treatment immediately. It 23 MARIGOLD STREET REVESBY, N.S.W. Actually, he is not being an escapist. of the zone but Had been guided in to took months toget him "fully mobile" He is regarded as the company's the blast area by a South Vietnamese The 135th adopted an Australian naturalist. soldier who mistakenly believed he lingoism as its motto: "Get the bloody Specialising All of the operational pilots with the was helping the helicopter crew. job done. '' EMI' company have now logged more Lieutenant Robert Giffens. 22. of They're getting it done. And it is • Chain and Chisel Mortiser • Band Mills Resaws 4 - Cutters. Sanders than 1.000 flying hours in Vietnam Thebarton. S.A.. is back flying with the bloody. * Woodworkers

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THE NAVY Nov.-Dec.-Jan., 1970- Page Forty Strong arm of Britain's nucl.ar 09. navy is undoubtedly its Polaris force. This article surveys the BRITAIN'S Polaris contribution and the Thomas and Coffey capability of today's Royal Navy — its ships, equipment, missiles and naval aircraft. The importance of NUCLEAR A6E Contractors Pty. Ltd. Britain's contribution to maritime defence will loom large in the Are Proud to be Associated with present discussions for a joint NAVY five-power Commonwealth naval The RefiHing of the H.M.A.S. MELBOURNE force in South East Asia after 1971, likely to be commanded by an By COMMANDER N. E. WHITESTONE, R.N. Australian Admiral. •fr MAJOR CONTRACTORS TO INDUSTRY

HEAD OFFICE: Britain's Royal Navy has reached a crucial point in its history. For the past four years it has been busy reshaping 108-110 LILYFIELD ROAD ROZELLE, N.S.W. itself for a future without aircraft Phone: 82-0431 carriers in the early 1970s. Now. at the eleventh hour, it seems likely that the aircraft carrier, still the most powerful conventional warship afloat, GARDEN ISLAND OFFICE: will be reprieved. But before a final decision is reached, the new Phones: 357-1244, 357-1246 Government must study all the implications, and this may take some months.

Discussions are in hand concerning a joint five-power Commonwealth force in South-east Asia after 1971. and a carrier would be an important element For Your Future Reference in its naval task force which, in all probability, will be under the The steering hydroplane console of the nuclear-powered Polaris submarine command of an Australian Admiral H.M.S. Renown. She is one of the force of four Polaris submarines, all of which are now in commission.

BARTEX FABRICS POLARIS IN COMMISSION H.M.S. Valiant, one of the British navy's nuclear-powered submarines. With British-designed and built reactor, she successfully completed the 12,000-miie- Pride of place in today's nuclear age submerged homeward voyage from Singapore in 2S day*. navy must be given to its Polaris force of four nuclear-powered submarines, PTY. LTD. all of which are now in commission and contributing to a continuous (TEXTILE WHOLESALERS) deterrent patrol. The building of these vessels, on time and within the given budget, has been a monumental task — • KNITTERS BONDERS AND FOAMERS "the toughest peacetime task in a given time scale which the navy has 44 ROSEHILL STREET, REDFERN, N.S.W. ever been handed", said Mr Christopher Mayhew. the Navy Minister at the time. All four vessels Suppliers of: bear famous big ship names, as befits their size and status — Resolution. • NYLON KNITTED MOSQUITO NETS FOR Repulse. Renown and Revenge. THE ARMED FORCES Another question facing the government is whether or not to build a fifth which would ensure that two of Telephone: 69-4616 these vessels are on patrol at any one time.

Nov.-Dec.-Jon., 1970-71 Nov.-Doc-Jan.. THI NAVY Page Forty-throe Pogfl Forry-rwo THE NAVY of Suez, enables a small but balanced military force to be deployed quickly at trouble spots — or. if required, it can maintain an unobstrusive presence A CLOSE LIAISON THE NAVY DEPT AND below the horizon ready for an emergency. The former light fleet carriers Bulwark and Albion, converted to this role and equipped with Wessex helicopters, can each Pitt Waddell Bennett make a vertical assault with a force consisting of a Royal Marine Commando. 750 strong, a supporting battery of artillery and light transport. Chains Ltd. Further supplies can be maintained by airlift sumitRs or An interesting new ship, expected to Welded Steel Chain, l/8"-l" dia., Chain Slings, Calibrated Chain, Chain Assemblies enter service next year, is the Bristol, the sole survivor of a class originally of every description, Load Binders, Non-skid Chains, Herc-Alloy Chain and known as Type 82. Slightly larger than Components. the existing County class guided missile destroyers, and driven by N.A.T.A. ENDORSED TESTING HOUSE combined steam and gas turbines, she might be described as a cruiser escort. for all enquiries.. . The ship has been designed around two new weapons, Seadart and Ikara. MR. A. LEWIS Seadart, a medium-range, PITT WADDELL BENNETT CHAINS LTD. supersonic surface-to-air missile, is an improvement on Seaslug, carried in 169 PACIFIC HIGHWAY, NORTH SYDNEY the County class — it can also be used against ships and enemy missiles. 929-7755 - PHONE - 929-7755 Lighter than Seaslug, and taking up less space, it can be fitted in small ships.

IKARA - AUSTRALIAN INVENTION The new anti-submarine, rocket- propelled weapon Ikara, an Australian A Close Liaison the Armed Forces and invention, sends a homing torpedo to its target partly by air, and finally underwater. With the reputation of being a most accurate weapon, it will The dock and vehicle deck from aft of H.M.S. Fearless, assault ship. Above can be greatly enhance the anti-submarine seen the flight deck with helicopter. armoury of the British fleet A special feature of the Bristol will Commonwealth Freighters The navy's nuclear-powered fleet acclaimed as the finest of its kind in be the latest Action Data Automation submarines, formerly known as the world, has been built or ordered for weapon system (ADA), which hunter-killers, of which the Australia. Canada. Brazil and Chile. A computes the information from the Dreadnought, built in Britain with an new submarine base, built on the Clyde radar and long range sonar and American-designed reactor was the in Scotland includes a Polaris school, controls the Seadart and Ikara Pty. Ltd. first, will assume increasing to train the navy in this new art of Weapons. It also feeds information on importance. Dreadnought was naval warfare. Who are Proud to be Associated with the Armed Korces in the Interstate Transport of Motor Vehicles the battle picture to accompanying followed by the Valiant, with a British- ships. designed and built reactor, which POWERFUL ADDITION successfully completed the 12,000-mile- Two assault ships. Fearless and The Royal Navy has pioneered the submerged homeward voyage from Intrepid, now form a powerful addition use of gas turbine machinery in For All Inquiries ... Singapore in 28 days, and then by the to Britain's amphibious forces. Able to warships and, following extensive GEORGE SHIRUNG — MICHAEL BLACKWEU — DAVID C/NTWELL Warspite and Churchill. Other carry and put ashore a battalion of trials over the past two years in the submarines of the came class. infantry with heavy tanks, these ships frigate Exmoath, it has been decided Courageous and Conqueror, are now can be trimmed down and the dock to equip all future major warships Commonwealth Freighters Pty. Ltd. under construction, while three space flooded, allowing landing craft, with this form of propulsion (refer vessels of a new Swiftsure, or each carrying two tanks, to move out article — "The Royal Navy's Trend 70 COSGROVE ROAD, ENFIELD, N.S.W. improved Valiant class, are on order. through the lower stern. Setter" — in this issue). The main unit The Oberon class of conventional The commando ship, which has is the Rolls-Royce Olympus, a marine 642-0588 Phone 642-0588 patrol submarines, generally proved its worth so convincingly east version of the engine chosen for the

Nov.-Dec.-Jon., 1970-71 THE NAVY Page Forty-five Nov.-Doc.-Jon., 1 THE NAVY Poge Forty-four A close liaison the Navy Dept. and: W. ANGLISS & CO. (Aust.) PTY. LTD.

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Frozen Meats Department, W. Angliss & Co. (Aust.) Pty. Ltd. 255 GEORGE STREET, SYDNEY Concorde airliner. The main Telephone: 20-534 advantages of this machinery are a SUBSCRIPTION FORM significant reduction in space and weight, the possibility of a main To "The Navy", engine change in 48 hours, simplicity Bo* C178. Clarence Street Post Office. of installation and saving of up to 25% Sydney. N.S.W., 2000, Australia. in valuable technical manpower. The Sheffield, the first of the navy's 1 enclose $1.30 being 'subscription to "The Navy" magazine for 1 year new 3,500 ton. all-gas turbine Type 42 (refer notes below). destroyers, also designed to carry Seadart, is due to join the fleet in January 1973. Her new single 4.5 inch Name automatic quick-firing gun can deliver J. WILSON & SONS as many rounds a minute as the twin Street 4.5 inch gun in the Leanders. but with a crew of four, as against 24 in the Leanders. She will carry the new Suburb Anglo-French twin-engined helicopter, Pty. Ltd. the WG13 Two of these ships have State Postcode been ordered by Argentina The fast frigate Amazon, originally 263 VICTORIA ROAD GLADESVILLE, N.S.W. the Type 21. was designed as a joint Date venture by Yarrow and Vosper Thornycroft to fill the gap between the i Please Print Clearly I present Leander class and its Order Your Christmas Ham at Please make cheques, postal orders or money orders payable to "'The successor, the Type 22. While the Navv League _ Amazon will carry the Seacat close Wholesale Government Contract Please place a tick in the square if a receipt is required L_1 range anti-aircraft weapon, the Type Subscriptions commence in January of each year, at which time a 22 will be armed with Seawolf, with subscription reminder notice is forwarded to current subscribers — exceptional anti-missile capabilities. Prices Annual Subscription $1.30. THREE NEW SCIMITARS •Persons commencing subscriptions to The Navy' magazine during The first of three new 100 foot fast the quarter commencing APRIL li.e. sub. for Pt years) should remit training boats, the Scimitar, has just $2 30: JULY (sub for 1' vears) $2 00: and OCTOBER isub for l'i vearsi 2 entered service with the Royal Navy. $160 Ring Now 89-1231 Her two Rolls-Royce gas turbines give Subscriptions for shorter periods than 12 months cannot be accepted. a speed of over 40 knots, and with a Overseas subscription rates i by air sea mail > supplied on request. third engine, for which space has been left, she could achieve a much higher

THE NAVY Nov.-Dec.-Jan., 1970-71 Nov.-Dec.-Jan., 1970-71 Pag* Forty-six THE NAVY Pag* F*rty-t«v«n - 1 Naval Cadet Force News

NEW SOUTH WALES

This report is for the period 1 July 1970 to 30 September Cadet Units participated. The salute was taken at the Town 1970 and covers weekend training and other activities Hall by Rear Admiral G J. B Crabb. C.B.E., D.S.C. carried out bv the Naval Reserve Cadets in New South On Sunday 30 August the Naval Reserve Cadets provided Wales a Guard of Honour in Garden Island prior to the Annual Weekend training postings were to the following H.M.A. Legacy Church Service in the Dockyard Chapel | ThThee long-rangI. e strike aircraft Buccaneer seen above H.M.S. Eagle ships — T.S. Albatross iWoilongong) was declared the Most Efficient" Unit in New South Wales for 1969/70. T.S Number of Condamlne I Manly Unit I received a special mention. Ships Dates Personnel T S Hawkesbury iGosforu i provided a Guard of ilonour The new angled flight deck of H.M.S. Ark Royal. She is now equipped wit I H M A S Melbourne 24 July - 26 July 34 for Opening Day of the Royal Motor Yacht Club at Rose the Phantom fighter, rated the finest carrier-borne aircraft .n the world. H.M.A.S Supply 24 July - 26 July 18 Bay on Saturday 5 September. H.M.A.S. Stalwart 24 July-26 July 33 H M A S Stalwart 31 July—2 August 33 T.S. Sirius (Arncliffe) provided a Guard of Honour for speed. Designed to give the fleet H M A S Supply 7 August — 9 August 18 Opening Day of the Royal Motor Yarht Club at Port practice in countering enemy missile- H M A S Stalwart 7 August — 9 August 34 Hacking on Saturday 19 September carrying boats, she can simulate H.M.A.S. Yarra 14 August — 16 August 8 missile or torpedo fire. H MAS Stalwart 21 August —23 August 34 The New South Wales Division held .heir nnual Church H.M.A S. Melbourne 21 August - 23 August 34 Service at the Dockyard Chapel. Garden Island, on Sundav H.M.A.S. Perth 28 August — 30 August 20 20 September 1970 Prior to the Church Service. 300 The Phantom fighter, the finest personnel of the Naval Reserve Cadets were on parade and carrier-borne aircraft in the world, they were inspected by Rear-Admiral G. J B. Crabb. 266 now in squadron service in the Ark C.E.E., D S C.. Flag Officer Commanding East Australia Royal, gives the Royal Navy a Area The President of the New South Wales Division of the priceless asset of instant response that Navv League. Rear-Admiral H. A. Showers. C.B.E., was it has never had before, and is the best During the weekend covering Saturday 4 July and Sunday present at the Church Service. answer to submarines firing cruise 5 July a seminar was conducted in K M.A S. Watson for all missiles and enemy fast patrol boats. Commanding Officers and adult personnel responsible for Tht Senior Officer of the Cadet Force has accented an Its performance far exceeds that of Unit stores. The objective was to explain and discuss the invitation for a representative of the Naval Reserve Cadets the Sea Vixen all weather fighter, also changes in procedure and documentation relating to the to join the Service Section Advisory Panel for The Duke of at sea in the carrier. The Buccaneer issue of stores and other facets outlined in ANO 126/70. Edinburgh's Award in Australia. provides the long range strike and the Gannet the airborne early warning. In St. Ives High School Naval Reserve Cadet Unit led the iSgd.i L. MACK AY-CRUISE. the Sea King and Wessex III Education Week March through the City of Sydney on Commander R.A.N.R. helicopters, the navy has powerful anti- Tuesday 11 August. Naval. Army and Air Force School Senior Officer. submarine systems. But many naval observers hold that Serving the Nation. the future of naval air support lies with the Harrier jump-jet. which made such a dramatic appearance in last NIC0L BROS. year's Transatlantic Air Race, and which could be carried in the new AAARINE AND GENERAL ENGINEERING • through-deck"' cruisers — carriers in BOILERMAKERS. COPPERSMITHS PLUMBERS and GENERAL MACHINE WORK all but name — after 1976. FIOKSlf «0»WW» All Allied Trades Conn-ctrd With Shipbuilding * .«..» OF rWSTcV.K^AOTo^Of co.,»« The intensive maritime development of this aircraft is vital for 14 WESTON STREET BALMAIN the future navies of Britain and her allies, and it is to be hoped that one of BUSINESS HOURS 8241367 (3 Lines) A.H. 4S1-7427. 76-9485. 86-3225 the smaller carriers will be entirely devoted to this task.

Nsv.-DK.-Jon., 1970-71 Pago •orty-i THE NAVY Nov.-Do<.-Jon., 1970 Page Forty-eight ANNUAL REPORT A close lia ison the Government Departments and To Tfco Die British Metal Corp (Aust.) N.S.W. DIVISION For tho year ended 30 Juno, 1970 Pty. Ltd. Once again th* subject of rationalisation most com* to the for* in this report.

WHO ARE PROUD TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE That progress has been made is Opportunities for continuous Condamine (Manly) received a special evident from the number of Cadet training periods of at least 7 days mention. GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS IN THEIR WORKS Memoranda that have been issued duration, and periods of weekend The Cadet Force wishes to thank PROGRAMME detailing changes, amendments and training are becoming less frequent Admiral Showers and his Executive improvements to existing regulations. each year. I must again stress the for their continued support and to However, to achieve a worthwhile necessity for the Authorities to realise express appreciation to the Secretary. For Further Technical Information Contact: degree of greater efficiency and this is a growing problem and that Lieutenant Commander Andrews, for effectiveness throughout the Cadet planning should commence now to his invaluable liaison and co-operation. Force there is the need for complete consider how this shortage of billets Lieutenant McPherson. Cadet Liaison rationalisation to become a reality. can be overcome. A solution would be Officer. H.M.A.S. Watson, has The British Metal Corp (Aust.) Pty. Ltd. Without it there must continue to to have the one location with all continued to be a tower of strength. remain the element of uncertainty facilities readily available at all times To the Officers. Instructors and QUEEN STREET, ALEXANDRIA which is detrimental to that vital to receive Cadets for training. We Cadets of all Units I say thank you for ingredient for any youth organisation have an obligation to provide such an a job well done and ask you to accept Telephone: 699-1532 — esprit de corps. amenity for our Cadets as do already my gratitude for the devotion you have The strength of the Cadet Force in the other Services. shown. this Division remains steady at a T.S. Albatro.. has been declared the L MACKAY-CRUISE, figure of 600 including Officers, "Most Efficient" Unit for 1969/70 and Commander R.A.N R., Instructors and Cadets. There are 12 this Unit located at Wollongong is to Senior Officer. Units comprising 9 Open' Units (6 in be congratulated. Once again T.S. 31 August, 1970. the Metropolitan area and 3 in the For Your Future Reference . country) and 3 Closed' School Units. The latter are located in The Scots College, Sydney Grammar School, and St. IvesHighSchool. GEM BRUSHWARE (AUST.) The Navy League of Australia has Florian advanced considerable sums of money io T.S. Condamine (Manly Unit) and T.S. Hawkestmry (Gosford Unit) for their building projects. Florist PTY. LTD. Manly Unit have themselves raised a substantial amount and hope to Who are proud to be associated with the Navy Department in the supply of: commission their new headquarters by (DENNIS J. GRIEGER) the end of 1970. The Commanding All BRUSHWARE Officer. Officers, Instructors and Interflora Service Cadets of this Unit are to be Flowers for all occasions CONTRACTORS TO THE NAVY DEPARTMENT congratulated for their continued perseverance and untiring efforts to erect a building of which they will be For Further Information Contact: justly proud. Gosford Unit has made good 153 CANTERBURY ROAD MR. J. PROCTOR progress since my last report and have completed the reclamation and filling TOORAK GEM BRUSHWARE (AUST.) PTY. LTD. of land as a foundation for their building. The assistance given in many 47 BONAR STREET, ARNCIIFFE, N.S.W. different ways to the Unit by the local community of Gosford and T*l*phon*: 599-2188 surrounding districts has been quite Phone: 24-2025 beyond expectations.

Pag. Fifty THE NAVY Nov.-(to.-Jon., 1-71 Nov.-DK.-Jan., 1970-71 THI NAVY Poq# Fifty-ene A CLOSE LIAISON THE NAVY DEPT. AND. JOHN A. DRAPER

Who is proud to be associated with the Navy Dept. in construction work.

* CONTRACTORS TO THE NAVY DEPT. » FOR ALL ENQUIRIES ...

MR. J. A. DRAPER 37a Cammeray Road, CAMMERAY 90-5740 PHONE 90-5740

The answer lo efficiency lies in QUALITY CONTROL DISTRIBUTED BY LOVELOCKS suppliers to Royal Australian Navy of QUALITY CONTROL equipment for Refrigeration, Airconditioning & Industrial applications, Du Pont FREON refrigerants & solvents F. C. LOVELOCK PTY. LIMITED. ALL CLASSES OF Head Office and Sydney Branch: 19-21 BUCKLAND STREET, BROADWAY — Phone: 211-2811 UNITED SHIP REPAIRS AND NEWCASTLE CANBERRA MELBOURNE FITTINGS UNDERTAKEN 766 HUNTER ST. 3WILUNAST 602 LITTLE COLLINS ST. NEWCASTLE WEST FY SH WICK Phone: 61-2545 Phone: 61-5785 Phone: 95-1422 SHIP SERVICES 88-102 NORMAN BY ROAD ADELAIDE BRISBANE PERTH SOUTH MELBOURNE, VICTORIA 162-164 GOUGER ST 67-73 MARY ST. J. G. PRITCHARD P/L Phone: 51-2154 Phone: 2-3481 88 HAVELOCK ST. Phone: 21-6546 PTY. LTD. Telephone: 69-5231 (10 lines)

Pag. Fifty-two THE NAVY Nov.-DK.-Jan., Nsv.-DK.-Jan., 1970-71 THE NAVY fag. FKty-thra. For Future Contracting Specify ... GERHARD THREE OF A KIND STRAPPING SYSTEMS By W.G.T. SAMPSON, who served in the Royal Australian Navy, 1928-1946. The world's largest selection of Teniional Strapping, Untitling and

Palletising equipment. "A people without history is like a man without memory; it needs the facts of life of Automatic, semi-automatic and manual tensional strapping equipment, including the past as a tree needs roots in order to live a free life!" — C. E. Fox the extensive range of SIGNODE products Also a large variety of flat steel, wire, nylon, polypropylene and rayon strapping. A tall glossy hat suddenly went Almost five hundred boys under eigh- More than 4.000 boys served in the flying (in mid-air > from the head of a teen years were usually housed on the Sobraon. Compression Strapping Stations and Power Strap Feeders of various types. legal person as he walked down one of ship and their only visits to land from Tailored to suit your industry: On 12 December. 1912. Sobraon was Sydney's unpaved and dirty streets. the school/prison were to the sports towed to Mort's Dock to be converted • Cut Labour Costs The angrv man spun round to see who ground on Cockatoo Island. Their for purely Naval Training purposes • Speed up production caused the grave insult to his person. parents could visit them twice a year. and to cost 10.000 Pounds A boy of twelve years had recovered Up to the year 1890 some 2.367 boys • The answer to your problems a rotting apple from the gutter and had been admitted on board and 2.134 The young apprenticed boys off the with sheer glee and deadly accuracy left. Many boys were rescued from un- Nautical School Training Ship were let fly with the piece of fruit at the happy surroundings and reasonably transferred to the Farm Home at Gos- 1 KENT ROAD, MASCOT judge The dreadful brat was drafted or completely turned out from the ford. New South Wales. aboard the Nautical School Train- school with many becoming useful There is a round brick memorial ing/ Prision Ship. Vernon for be- and very successful members of erected on a small hill at Port Chal- 67-3581 haviour correction. society. mers in New Zealand. It was placed Very early in the Nineteenth cen- In 1891. New South Wales negotiated there by the local citizens to record the tury. child abandonment and parental the purchase of another vessel to position where the wife of Captain hawking of their offspring for money, replace the Vernon. Robert Falcon Scott. C.V.O.. R.N.. was a vicious and tragic problem. waved farewell to her famous Antarc- Magistrates, in cirect confronta- In 1866. Clipper Ship owners. Messrs tic husband as his ship. Terra-Nova tion with children committing Devitt and Moore of Aberdeen. Scot- sailed by. Somehow or at sometime land. purchased on the slipway an FOR YOUR FUTURE REFERENCE crimes, particularly with infants as this man had recommended to the young as eight years of age had but one incomplete vessel being built as a Commonwealth Government that he recourse — gaol. steamer (2.131 tons). thought the Sobraon would make a fine Public anger probably prodded at Around this era of time. American — Naval Training Ship. STAR PRODUCTS PTY. LTD. least two Colonies. New South Wales Boston/Baltimore built Clipper Ships and Victoria, to attempt some form were clobbering Britain's sailing How strange that this vessel should (Engineers) of humane approach to remove child- trade. The dour Aberdeen Ship have been commissioned. H.M.A.S. ren off the streets and away from Builders said: ' Aye! We'el nootek it!" Tingira on 25 April. 1912 ghoulish adult behaviour One Clipper, the Thermopylae Mortimer Froude. born 7 July. 1897, New South Wales in 1866 acquired a sailing under the White Star Flag of a rivet boy from Mort's Dock during Suppliers of ... . ^^ WATER DRINKING CLOTH vessel. Vernon, formerly a paddle George Thompson, smartly lowered the reconstruction of Sobraon earned steamer built in 1839. which had been the sailing records from London to the distinction of being the first Naval ALUMINIUM BOXES converted to sail when her engines Melbourne. 60 days, and won the rating to join H.M.A.S Ttagira.. The proved uneconomical to run. It was honour of displaying on her mast- boy died on H.M.S. Defeace, Flagship to be a Nautical School Training Ship head. The Golden Cock' of the Royal Navy's First Cruiser CONTRACTORS TO THE NAVY DEPARTMENT for boys. History refers to many Old Salts who Squadron when the vessel was sunk Judges in this era saw fit when in spat over the side and said: "The during the Jutland Battle. 1916. conflict with child offenders, to order Sobraon, built to be a r-o-o-d-y The Tingira de-commissioned on 30 them aboard the ship. The legal steamer. launched as a composite sail- June. 1927 For Further Information Contact authoritarians were not concerned ing vessel, er propellor shaft ole with creating a dual role for the ship bunged orf and all. would ave. h'if A Major S. Friere bought the Naval Mr. L. Vigh but to get the deserted little animals given the chance, w-h-u-p-p-e-d the Training ship in 1935 for 2.600 Pounds off the streets. Bird' orf any mast ead. Aye! — Noo. and spent 4.000 Pounds in converting STAR PRODUCTS PTY. LTD. It was a severe life on the Vernon — e'en the Thermopylae." the vessel into a museum or at least to caning on the buttocks, unsparing. The Sobraon cost the New South have the ship preserved as a National YENNORA AVE., YENNORA, N.S.W. For more serious offences, solitary Wales Government. 11.706 Pounds to Relic The project failed for lack of confinement on bread and water on buy and 18.551 Pounds to refit her to be- public interest. Telephone: 632-6487 the Orlop Deck or placed alone in dark, come the new Nautical School Train- In a sense somewhere the Sobraoa rat-infested holds. ing Ship. lives on. A deep water yachtsman

Nsv.-DK.-Jon., 1V7 THE NAVY Nov.-DM.-Jon., 1970-71 THE NAVY Pog« Hfty-fivo Page Fifty-fou' bought teak from the Tioglra and used The Victorian Navy assumed con- and men of the Victorian Navy prior most of the timber as a trim for his trol of England's presentation in to being sold at public auction new ocean racing yacht which he 1866 and steamed/sailed Her 124 4.18981 for 24.000 Pounds and when named. Sobraon. Majesty's (Queen Victoria) Victorian owned by the Union Steam Ship Com- For Future Evening Wear Specify WELMAR Dress Shirts Supplied by The Tinglra. the vessel, died in Ship. Nelson from Portsmouth on 20 pany of New Zealand Limited. Nelson 1940 41 in Berry's Bav. New South October. 1867 as a hulk, was in Sydney. Launces- Wales Upon arrival in Port Phillip Bay on 4 ton. then Hobart before being sold to December. 1868. the vessel was im- be broken up in Shag Bay on the Seven years before the Battle of Tra- mediately taken over by Victoria's In- eastern shore of the River Derwent. JOHN BROWN falgar >1805>. England laid down at dustrial Department to be used as Tasmania Woolwich a huge 2.730 ton. three reformatory for boys who possessed When the life of this ship came to an decker. WOODEN LINE OF BATTLE- certain aggressive characteristics end. many historic statistics were SHIP His Majesty's (George III i of exhuberance. made known. Ship. NELSON. INDUSTRIES LTD. In England s Naval and Military Laid down: 1798 - Woolwich. Eng- The hull of this fine example of Gazette (30 April. 18701. reference is land (Sock and Knitwear Manufacturers) Naval craftmanship being of course, Launched: 20.6.1814 - To be. The stout English Oak Below the water made lo the use of the Southern Cross on an Australian Flag The new Vic- Largest Ship in England" and far line externally she was copper excelled the Queen Charlotte which WHO ARE PROUD TO SUPPLY THE NAVY DEPARTMENT WITH EVENING sheathed Her decks: Oregon — toria flag has been adopted and the SHIRTS Colony now possesses its own was reported to be the finest ever African Oak - Pilch Pine - Kauri A built on the River Thames The Prince mighty Colonial Empire mixture. National Ensign. The inauguration ceremony took place on board Regent. Emperor Alexander. Field Strangely, the Nelson never com- H M V S Nelson on 9 February Marshall Blucher (of Waterloo missioned into the Royal Navy. fame i. General Count Platoff. King of FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT Almost seventy years after the ves- One hundred years after being laid Prussia and most of England's nobility sel was laid down, her three decks down, this mighty tough Old Bird had and gentry witnessed the launching were decreased lo two. a steam given of herself: "Rough, but at least JOHN BROWN INDUSTRIES LTD. engine of 500 nominal horsepower refuge for deserted children — Demolished: 188 1920 - Perhaps i2012 l-HP.i installed: between suffered the indignity of being there were quite a number of (pur- 126 SUSSEX STREET, SYDNEY decks the living quarters were drastic- deprived of another deck (18781 — chasing! persons well aware that the Telephone: 29-6868 ally altered and this gift to the Vic- regained her warship status when the aged warrior still had many three feet torian Colony cost the State. 42.000 Victorian Naval Brigade slung their long and two inches in diameter Melbourne Branch: Trennery Crescent. Abbotsford. Vic. Pounds sterling. hammocks aboard — housed officers copper bolts bracing her stout frame.

Best Wishes to all Members from . . . A Satisfactory Connection the Navy Department and . . . D.R.M. B. F. Goodrich Industrial Supplies Chemical ltd. Pty. Ltd. Who are Proud to be Associated with the Navy Department Kororoit Creek Road, Altona in the Supply of Jasons De-rusting Tools

• CONTRACTORS TO THE NAVY DEPARTMENT For Furthor Information, Writ, to: Telephone: 399-2322 D.R.M. INDUSTRIAL SUPPLIES PTY. LTD. 44 ATCHISON STREET, ST. LEONARDS 43-5024 PHONE 43-5024

Nov.-Doc.-Jan., 1970-71 THE NAVY Pag. Ftfty-imen Nov.-DK.-Jan., If Pag. Frfty-.ix THt NAVY Bound for A new look at Botany Bay. the Canadian Armed Forces THERE IS HARDLY ANYTHING IN THE by WORLD THAT SOME MAN CANNOT MAKE A LITTLE WORSE AND SELL A LITTLE R. Barry Tackaberry CHEAPER PEOPLE WHO CONSIDER PRICE ONLY ARE THIS MAN S LAWFUL PREY

JOHN RUSKIN FTER five years the Canadian Armed Air Staff. The elimination of the three Services—engineering and develop- Forces are a very long way from Chiefs of Staff and the appointment of a ment programmes and plans and A being anything like a Single Service. single Chief of the Defence Staff brought policies for the procurement of Here of Goodmans we'll buy that logic However, it has to be admitted that the all the problems inherent in any hasty material and maintenance. Integration/Unification experiment has centralization of power. The Department of National Defence in The Photographic Trade gets to be a eliminated a great deal of the duplication Ottawa is organized into the customary rat-race now and then, with customer and that existed under the Tri-Service organiza- After two years—and five three major components of civil, military client considerations an early casualty in tion. For at least the first two years of the and research. Having elected after Wond Unfortunately the apparently unco- Integration/Unification experiment, the War II to operate the traditional three the ugly rush to sell, sell, sell — at any ordinated approach of the Canadian critics were justified in saying that the Services, under a single Defence Depart- price. Government to such a vast reorganization reorganization had resulted in a great loss ment, Unification of the Canadian Armed has come close to destroying the opera- of individual responsibility, slowness in Forces has not required any really major Here at Goodmans we don't buy that tional oAkiency of the Canadian military the decision-making process and overwork adjustments as far as tlie civilian and In April, 1770, a lone sailing vessel mastered by Captain machine. Having proceeded with the at the top. The frequency with which major research components were concerned. Our Staff of trained experts (including James Cook set anchor in the virginal waters of a huge Unification of the Canadian Armed Forces organizational changes were required at A certain amount of controversy has almost to the point of no return, it is hard Canadian Forces Headquarters indicated arisen in connexion with the requirement cove on the eastern coast of Australia. Noval Photography) are not restricted to to believe that only now is the Canadian the real failure on the pan of the Canadian for the military to have a Comptroller- particular brands and as practical photo- It was one of the most important discoveries in Aus- Government taking the firm decisions con- authorities to appreciate that as a minimum General Branch. Critics have challenged tralia's history. graphers themselves would rather not sell cerning military commitments that they are the Headquarters must provide simplicity the need for a separate Branch headed up Cook named it Botany Bay. at all than push unsuitable or unreliable prepared to honour. of operation, clear-cut responsibilities, by a Lieutenant-General duplicating as it proper delegation of authority, and an gear Such absence of clarity of foreign and does many of the duties and respon- ...... ,•».,.•? /*. -y n defence policy prompted some early effective system for co-ordination. sibilities of the Deputy Minister and his BAV. Sure, we sell photographic equipment critics to object to the hasty reorganization After five years the military component civil component within the Defence Depart- PORT OF BOTANY B/^. — the best, and at special Navy prices of the military component of the National of the Department of National Defence in ment. Defence Headquarters as the first phase Ottawa, or Canadian Armed Forces Head- Credence is given to this observation by (that ex-Navy man of ours sees to that). in the Integration/Unification process. quaners, is now organized along lines that the major changes that have taken place Four years ago these critics suggested that appear to provide some semblance of within Canadian Armed Forces Head- The Goodmans difference comes free, Unification should be based on the order. With the elimination of much of quarters over the past two years, resulting skilled and unbiased advice, an effective following orderly decision-making the duplication of effort, it is hoped that in an appreciable reduction in the size of .0 sequence: there will be an early reduction in the size the Branch of the Comptroller-General. A and fully backed guarantee and a lifetime (а) Production of Cabinet-approved of the staffs required by this Headquarters. number of authorities consider that the H.C.SLEIGH ESQ. of after-sales service paper clearly outlining the commit- Referring to the accompanying chart, it appointment of another Deputy Chief, ments the Government was pre- will be noted that Canadian Armed Forces within the Branch of the Vice-Chief of the pared to honour. Headquaners has completely absorbed the Defence Staff, responsible for cost effective- MEXICO 3056 (б) Preparation of a force-study detail- former Navy Headquaners, Army Head- ness studies, manpower and establishment N.Wolff Jorgensen_'«io.i...../ SANPEDBO USA l4r» >„|.t I9?0. approved commitments and again All responsibilities have been assigned to this Branch. benefiting from Cabinet approval. four functional Branches, each headed up Ceo. Anderson F. ESQ_itio.,or (c) Drafting of a Command Structure for by a Lieutenant-General or officer of Integrated Command Structure Jr.-. .. ..'»•' the Canadian Armed Forces which equivalent rank. These Branches have the The next phase in the Canadian Unification would provide the Commands and following broad responsibilities: process was the development of an Inte- H.C.SLEIGH ESQ. H H.BUTTERWORTH ESQ J.R formations required to exercise opera- (a) Branch of the Vice-Chief of the grated Command Structure for all opera- tional control of all approved forces Defence Staff— military operations, tional forces. Again it should be noted that In September, 1930, the Commonwealth Government as per (6) above. plans and operational readiness and, the various unified Command Head- Customs erected this rather odd-looking sign in honour Goodman Bros. (d) Drawing up of the organization re- in conjunction with the Deputy quarters were organized without any real of Mr. H. C. Sleigh. It was to mark yet another historic quired for National Defence Head- Minister of National Defence, the confirmation concerning either the con- moment for Botany Bay—the legislation and arrival of quarters to enable the Chief of development of an Integrated De- tinuing commitments of the Canadian the first overseas petroleum tanker. Harold Crofton 20 HUNTER ST., SYDNEY Defence Staff to command and fence Program. Armed Forces or the size of the forces to Sleigh was the man responsible. He had seen the poten- control the Canadian Armed Forces. (b) Branch of the Chief of Personnel— be authorized by the Government. In fact, the activation of these Commands was tial of Botany Bay, and it was his dream to see it Instead of this orderly sequence, the formulation of the personnel policy first step towards Unification was the including medical, dental and chap- initiated prior to the completion of the \ become a thriving industrial port. From his Telephone: 25-5995 approval by the Canadian Government of lain services. Integration of Canadian Forces Head- \ nSft I foresight, planning and ingenuity evolved a Bill in July 1964 appointing a Chief of (c) Branch of the Controller-General quaners in Ottawa. one of Australia's largest petroleum com- Telegrams: INFINITY the Defence Staff and doing away with Administration—financial and man- The advocates of Unification contend HUBRHB panies . . . Golden Fleece. the offices of the Chief of Naval Staff. power control and management. that the Command Structure is functional S3081 Chief of the General Staff and Chief of the (d) Branch of the Chief of Technical and completely streamlined to reduce over-

Nov.-Ox.-Jan., 1970 Nov.-Oec-Jon., 1970-71 THI NAVY Poge Fifty-nine Page Fifty-eight THE NAVY Dl A SATISFACTORY CONNECTION WITH THE NAVY DEPARTMENT and

Deputy Minister Chief of Defence Chairman Defence Research Board Associate Deputy Minister Oeneral Vice Chairman D.R.B.

Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff Assistant Assistant Assistant Lieutenant-General Deputy Deputy D.M. D.M. D.M. Chairman D.R.B. Chairman D.R.I Murian Transfer Manpower Finance Logistics Scientific Operations Director Judge General Advocate Information General Services

Co. Deputy Chief Deputy thief Deputy Chief Plans Development Operations DESIGNERS AND PRINTERS OF TOP QUALITY MaJocOtneral Major-General and Reserve Meier Ssaaral TRANSFERS AND PRESSURE SENSITIVE EMBLEMS Chief of Personnel Comptroller Gen ere! Chief of Technical Services Lieutenant-General Ueutenant-General Lieutenant-General I I I I Deputy • Currently Contracting to the NAVY DEPARTMENT Deputy Chief Surgeon- Deputy Chief Comptroller General of Personnel General of Personnel for policy Major- for Personnel Improvement and Resources General Support Major-General Management Services I I I 256 RILEY STREET, SURRY HILLS, N.S.W. Major-General Major-General Deputy Comptroller Deputy Chief Deputy Chief Deputy Chief •ngleeering Construction Logistics Maler-Oeneral engineering Major-General Telephone: 212-1221

head. Commands are described as being Services. It is predicted that other changes The three Army Brigade Groups in "mission oriented" to fulfill the roles in in the Command Structure will follow each Canada are now being reorganized into support of all the commitments and successive reduction in the Canadian four combat groups, each of which con- providing maximum effect within the Defence Budget. sists of two infantry battalions, a regiment resources available. It is implied that of armour and one of artillery and other these new Commands are capable of Ths actual Commands supporting arms. The infantry battalions responding as fully integrated and highly The accompanying chart provides a dia- will have three, instead of four, rifle com- mobile formations in a way that is a very grammatic outline of the Command panies and the armoured and artillery PETTIFORD real improvement over the traditional Structure as it exists at this time of writing. regiments will have two, instead of three, operations of sea, land and air forces. With Headquarters in St. Hubert, near squadrons or batteries. These four combat Initially it was envisaged that the Montreal, Mobile Command is the largest groups will be based at Gagetown in New INDUSTRIES PTY. LIMITED Command Structure would replace eleven Command in the Canadian Armed Forces. Brunswick, Val Cartier in Quebec, Peta- separate Service Commands with six inte- Until recently the land forces, constituting wawa in Ontario and Calgary in Alberta. * Wire and Tube Fabricators to Industry grated functional Commands. Three of the bulk of personnel in this Command, In addition, a Canadian airborne regi- these Commands were to be operational- were organized into four army brigade ment is currently being formed in Edmon- Mobile, Maritime and Air Defence—and groups, three of which were in Canada M.ik Crates - Oven Shelves - Baskets - Fan and Radiator Guards - Stillages - Refrigerator Racks ton. This regiment will be a light, highly three to be support—Materiel, Training with the fourth being the Canadian trained unit, which is intended to provide — Pedal Arms — Wire Cut and Straightened and Air Transport. Because of the haste in Mechanized Brigade Group in Germany as the parachute element for our contribution proceeding with the Integration/Unifica- a part of the Canadian contribution to to the defence of North America. tion process, it is perfectly obvious that u * DISPLAY UNITS DESIGN ED NATO. The tactical air-arm of Mobile Command proliferation of headquarters resulted. Already steps have been taken to disband FOR ALL APPLICATIONS Materiel Command. FORCKS COMMAND ORGANIZATION The authorities have suggested that • MANUFACTURERS OF: •Storemaster" range of Supermarket Self-Service Customer Carts. while Materiel Command was established to provide the necessary supply and Baskets. Store Trolleys. Shelves. Etc.. Hotel-Motel Housemaid Trolleys. Porters Trolleys. Cleaning maintenance support to the other func- Trolleys, etc. tional Commands, the responsibility for managing both the development pro- Any product that needs wire or metal tubing needs the experience gramme and the procurement of new equipment was vested in the Technical and expertise of Pettifords Services Branch of Canadian Forces Headquarters. Apparently a careful and 82 GIBSON AVENUE, PADSTOW detailed study has now confirmed that Materiel Command should be amalga- Mobile Air Maritime Commend mated with the Technical Services Branch Command Command Halifax SL Hubert North Bay Neve Scotia 77 0501 (9 Lines) and that its functions should be adminis- Ontario tered by a Deputy Chief of Technical

THI NAVY Nov.-Dec.-Jon., Nov.-Doc.-Jon., 1970-71 Page Sixty THI NAVY Pofle Sixty-one consists of squadrons of CF-5 tactical air- of hostility. Second, there is the respon- including Canadian reserve and cadet craft helicopter support aircraft and sibility assigned to the Forces by the organizations. To these headquarters is Buffalo tactical transport aircraft. These Canadian Government whereby they are delegated the most important respon- squadrons will provide the integral air charged with responsibility for providing sibility of maintaining close liaison with support required by the land forces of the search and rescue services on behalf of the Provincial and Municipal authorities in A Satisfactory Connection the Navy Dept. and: Command. Canadian Defence authorities Government under the terms of the Inter- connexion with the responsibilities of the are careful to stipulate that the forces of national Aviation Agreements and for the Armed Forces for aiding the civil power Mobile Command are highly mobile and co-ordination of all Maritime Search and and providing assistance to civil authorities. flexible, designed to satisfy the require- Rescue work. To undertake these respon- At the time of the famous Unification ments of conventional warfare. sibilities. Air Transport Command has Debate in Canada, two years ago, much Thc new unified Maritime Command available 9 Albatross aircraft. 6 Labrador was made of the need for the Canadian was formed in January. 1966. with Head- helicopters. 4 H-21 helicopters and 4 para- Armed Forces to develop the flexible and ECHO DAIRIES PTY. LTD. quarters at Halifax. Nova Scotia. To chute-and-rescue teams. mobile units required to fulfill the envisable facilitate local direction and control of A very large part of the Canadian responsibilities of Canada as the global ships on the Canadian West Coast, a Defence Budget goes to the maintenance of peacekeepers of the 1970s. The then NEWBRIDGE ROAD, MOOREBANK Deputy Commander for Maritime Com- the operational efficiency of the Canadian Minister of Defence. Paul Hellyer, was mand. with a small staff, has been estab- Air Defence Command. As the critics of optimistically predicting that 'the peace- lished in Esquimault. British Columbia Unification predicted, the operations of keeping responsibilities devolving upon The role of Maritime Command is to this Command, with Headquarters in the United Nations can be expected to Who Are Proud To Be Associated With provide the combat-ready sea and maritime North Bay. were not significantly changed grow', to quote the Canadian White Paper the Navy Department in the Supply of: air forces required to meet Canada's by the Integration of the Canadian Armed on Defence of 1964. defence commitments. Canada's Maritime Forces. It is all too obvious that Unification was Forces are described as being multi- This Command continues to contribute designed to provide the forces required to MILK AND CREAM TO QUAKER'S HILL purpose in character with functions not to the bomber-defence of the North satisfy the desired participation of Canada lending themselves to a distinction between American continent in partnership with in U.N. operations. With an Armed those which are directly related to the the forces of the United States. !t will be Forces now totalling approximately defence of Canada and those which serve recalled that the United States and Canada 100,000, only some 1,000 all ranks are broader requirements. Generally speaking, established interdependent systems which currently deployed on peace-keeping and the functions of the Canadian Maritime constitute the essential elements of the truce supervisory operations. The current CONTRACTORS TO THE NAVY Forces provide an ASW fleet for defence North American Air Defence (NORAD) major commitment is Cyprus where a against missile-firing submarines, the trans- Command. The primary contribution of reduced battalion, together with head- port of land and air elements of the the Air Defence Command at the present quarters and support elements for a total Canadian Armed Forces overseas and the time is to the heavy bomber defence forces of 51 officers and 528 men. is deployed Telephone: 602-8168 maintenance of national sovereignty. equipped with CF-101 Voodoo interceptors under U.N. Command. Involvement of and Bomarc B surface-to-air missiles. In members of the Canadian Armed Forces addition, this Command operates a number in a multiplicity of other U.N. and Tha task of Maritime Command of radars in support of its rote. Advisory Commissions operations brings Based on the former RCAF Training the total up to the 1.000 mark. To carry out the various tasks required by Command Headquarters in Winnipeg. its role. Maritime Command has available Manitoba, the new integrated Training CKAFTSMIN the following forces: Tha futura Command became effective in January. (a) Atlantic: 1 aircraft carrier. 9 heli- 1966. This Command has absorbed all the For the foreseeable future, the Canadian copter destroyers. 4 destroyer es- training establishments that existed under collective defence arrangements will require corts. 2 operational support ships. the Tri-Service organization. The Com- the Canadian Armed Forces to work P.R.S. 3 submarines. I tracker aircraft mand is responsible for individual training closely with Navy. Army and Air Force squadron. 4 Argus squadrons. I Sea for navy, army and air force components. IN Rl/BBCR formations of the United States and the King helicopter squadron. The product being turned out by this Com- United Kingdom. White commending inte- (b) Pacific: 9 destroyers. I operational mand has been the subject of very strong sumriNG: gration, the critics contend that Unifica- support ship. I submarine. I Argus criticism by unit commanders serving with tion will contribute nothing to the CELLULAR RUBBER EXTRUSIONS & MOULDINGS aircraft squadron. all the operational Commands. Even the defence authorities in Ottawa capability of the Canadian Armed Forces SOLID RUBBER EXTRUSIONS IN NEOPRENE OR ALL have to admit that thc Integration/Unifi- to operate with such formations. The cation experiment has had little impact on Europa minimal changes made in Air Defence SYNTHETIC RUBBERS Air Transport Command, which continues Command, the Army Mechanized Brigade Neoprene window gaskets of all types to be responsible for maintaining an Referring again to the chart, it will be Group and Air Division certainly tend operational effective air transport force to noted that in addition to 4th Canadian credence to this contention. MOULDED RUBBER TO SPECIFICATION INCLUDING serve all elements of the Canadian Armed Mechanized Brigade Group assigned to Although Integration/Unification has RUBBER TO METAL BONDING Forces. The Command Headquarters is NATO and stationed in Europe, Canada resulted in the elimination of a great deal A CONSULTING SERVICE IN ALL FIELDS OF RUBBER located at Trenton. Ottawa, and air-lift has an Air Division in Europe equipped of duplication of staffs, the Canadian resources are divided in the following with CF-104 Slaughters. Because of the Armed Forces is not a Single Service. To TECHNOLOGY categories: nature and rote of the Air Division in give some semblance of Unification the COMPOUNDED RUBBER TO SPECIFICATION (a) Heavy Transport—12 Yukon and NATO's 5th Allied Tactical Air Force, the decision has been taken recently to outfit 23 Hercules aircraft. Integration/Unification experiment has had all personnel in the 'new look' all-green (b) Medium and Light Transport— little effect on this formation and the same uniform by 1971. For on Instant Solution to Kubbor ProMomi — Phono Mh$ Wonson 7 Cosmopolitans. 7 Falcons, 17 applies in the case of the Army Brigade. It is increasingly obvious that any true Dakotas and 8 Caribou aircraft. Experience over the past five years has Unification of the Canadian Armed Forces 631 0699 ( 2 lines) In addition to the air-transport rote. Air certainly confirmed that a functional will require the Canadian Government to Transport Command has the important organization will not completely satisfy the renegotiate their present military commit- responsibility for all search and rescue requirements of the Canadian Armed ments. In view of recent announcements PRECISION RUBBER SERVICE PTY. LTD. operations in Canada. For a country like Forces. Already the Canadian Defence concerning Canadian Foreign and Defence Canada this commitment is a sizeable one. Department has had to accept the need for Policy, it may very well be intended that First, there is the need to have the military 5 regional and 7 district headquarters the Canadian Armed Forces should be 128 Bungaree Road, Pendle Hill 2145 organization with the capability to locate across the country. These headquarters are reduced to the status of 'peacekeepers' by and rescue downed aircrew during times responsible for a multiplicity of tasks the '70s.

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NOW THAT THE WORLD'S tramp-ship owners bell, the Canadian naval architect, and have got the message that the Liberty and built by Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy In- other war-built cargo ships have to be dustries (IHI), Tokyo and this has an replaced (for insurance and other reasons), improved version named the 'Fortune'. The by C. Hope Johnston, there is an increasing tendency to drop the second in order of time is the SD14 HTI41 misnomer 'Liberty replacements' to des- (originally to be a 14,000-tonner) designed cribe the modern, economic ships being by Austin & Pickersgill, of Sunderland. correspondent to "Navy". built in more than a score of different shipyards. The new ships are faster with For most people today the Liberty ship speeds of 14-15 knots against 10-11 and has an American connotation. It is time WELDING INDUSTRIES OF AUSTRALIA PTY. LTD. larger 14/15,000 tons d.w. against 10,000 to put the record straight and show that tons and have other advantages. it was a purely British conception and Thompson was managing director of the Melbourne 69 7178. Sydney 53 5076. Newcastle 61 1668. family shipbuilding firm of Joseph L. Brisbane 41 1301. Adelaide 76 6494. Perth 6 3316. design, and that the blue-prints, specifica- tions and other data were passed to the Thompson & Sons, and Hunter was a At present this category of ships, with United States and Canada during the director of the North Eastern Marine variations, is being built in the U.K., war. This was all done at government Engineering Company. The object of the Japan, West Germany, Spain, Belgium, level. U.S. trip was to obtain new cargo tonnage Greece and Yugoslavia. Since May, 1966 as quickly as possible to offset war losses. well over 250 of these sh«ps have been In September 1940, two Sunderland The ships, numbering 60, were to be of built or are on order, with two types friends, R. Cyril Thompson, M.A. and 10,000 tons deadweight. At that time accounting for half the market. First in Harry Hunter, B.Sc. received telephone America had not come into the war and the field by a slight margin was the calls from the Admiralty urging them to there was as yet no Lend-Lease so they had THE LINE THAT SETS THE ENGINEERING 'Freedom* ship designed by G. T. R. Camp- go to the U.S.A. on an urgent mission. to be paid for. PACE FOR ALL LIFT TRUCKS Tli* 'Francis Draka' in a North African pert In World War II •U HYSTER ffijffl AUSTRALIA rTu PTY. LTD.

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Poge Sixty-six THE NAVY Nov.-Doc.-Jan., Nw.4K..jIn., 1970-71 Wt NAVY P.gl Soty-M*«n On 21st September they sailed from at that time. By mid-1943 Kaiser's two their place in their same first convoy. The Liverpool in the Cunard liner Scythia— yards employed more people than the Ocean Vanguard had to be brought through A Close Liaison the Navy Dept. and . . during an air raid. They reached New whole of the British yards. Because there the Panama Canal to Halifax and the York on 3rd October and were joined by was a good deal of experience in welding Canadian ship sailed down the St. Lawrence. three other members of the mission techniques available it was agreed that the On passage, the U.S. ship was involved in a already there. They were William Bennett, U.S. Liberty ship programme should use collision but made port safely. This Lloyd's Register of Shipping Surveyor for this while the Canadian yards, like the satisfied the doubters that welding was A. Z. Engineering Canada and the U.S.A.; J. S. Heck. British shipbuilders up to then, stuck to safe for ships. Lloyd's Register engineer surveyor for riveting. By July 1962, just 19 months after the New York; and Richard R. Powell. contract was signed, the Richmond yards All the plans for the ships and engines 35-year-old Assistant Secretary of the had completed their 30 ships and the were prepared in Sunderland but the Admiralty. Portland yard reached its quota four drawings had to be expanded to suit a months later. Pty. Ltd. At Washington they had a conference different type of as-yet inexperienced In the September 1944 issue of Shipyard with Rear Admiral Emory S. Land labour. Gibbs & Company, New York Spotlight, the Admiralty's news magazine, (chairman) and Commander (later Rear naval architects did the special drawings the editor (the writer of this article) told Who are Proud to be Associated with the Navy Dept in the Supply ot Admiral) Howard L. Vickery (deputy for the hulls. chairman) of the U.S. Maritime Com- the story in a feature headed. "We gave There was a race between the U.S.A. these designs to the U.S.A.". This covered • PITCH & ROLL GEAR BOXES mission. In October the British party started a tour of shipyards and potential and Canada to complete the first of the a wide field of war-building and included • ROCKET FLARE LAUNCHERS building sites in the U.S.A. and Canada, ships. The Ocean Vanguard, from Rich- the comment: 'Even the now-famous • HEADERTANKS covering 12,000 miles in two weeks and mond. was completed a few weeks earlier Liberty ships built by Henry Kaiser had visiting Mobile, Pascagoula, Los Angeles, than the Fort St. George. But both took their origin in Britain . . .'. San Francisco, Portland (Oregon), Seattle • Contractors to the Navy Dept. and Tacoma as well as Vancouver and Victoria, B.C. For All Enquiries . . . Most of the Americans they met were not too optimistic that Britain, then fighting alone against Germany and MR. F. KITE Italy, would survive the war. Then they were introduced to Henry J. Kaiser, 506 PUNCHBOWL ROAD, LAKEMBA, N.S.W. head of the gigantic civil engineering group which had recently completed the 759-8922 Phone 759-8922 Grand Coulee Dam, largest structure of its kind in the world. His group had an interest in Todd Shipyards Inc. and in a two-berth shipyard at Tacoma. Kaiser was willing to mass-produce the ships even if he had not at that time the slipways necessary. He signed the contract A Satisfactory Connection the Australian Armed Forces and .. . on 20th December, only 77 days after the British mission landed. Leaving Harry Hunter to plan the programme in the United States, Cyril Thompson sailed for Britain in the Western Prince with the contract and other docu- O-SCOPE & CO. ments. The ship was torpedoed and sunk ofT Iceland on 14th December. Collecting some clothes and grasping his briefcase Thompson got into a lifeboat. Who are Proud to be Associated with the Navy in the Supply of. Physically a large man he did a long spell * TOPOGRAPHIC MODELS of rowing during his nine hours in the boat and helped to keep up the spirits of the other survivors. They were picked up by a Scottish tramp ship and landed at Glasgow. His papers had been damaged by sea water and he had them copied before reporting to the Admiralty. For All Enquiries . . . On his next journey to the States Thompson went by K.L.M. plane via Lisbon, Portuguese West Africa, Brazil and Trinidad. O-SCOPE & CO. The mission then began a search for sites for new yards. One chosen was at Richmond, California and the other at Portland, Maine. Each was given an 123 BLUES POINT ROAD, NORTH SYDNEY order for 30 ships. Existing Canadian 929-7484 Phone 929-7484 yards were asked to build 26 ships. Henry Kaiser engaged thousands of workers mostly without shipyard experience: there were 12 million unemployed in the country ?g mw

Nov.-DK.-Jon., 1970-71 Pog« Sixty-«iflh» THE NAVY Nov.-0oc.-Jon., 1970-71 THi NAVY Sixty-nino The Daily Mirror of 12th October No. 3 slipway, to be replaced by the first superintendent of the Richmond yards, the quoted the article giving it the banner plates of Keel No. 8. Normal work stopped Ocean Venture at 5 p.m. On that day the heading, 'Britons invented the Liberty in the yard from noon until 8 p.m. when Ocean Vanguard had steam up for the first ship*. On the following day, the Chicago the 'swing shift' went on duty. time and sounded a salute on her whistle. Tribune, owned by the anglophobe Colonel Support The R. R. McCormick, under the heading Among those on the launching platform From then onwards there was a positive 'Britons claim credit for Liberty ships and were Rear-Admiral Emory S. Land; Mrs. procession of launches from the yards that landing craft' began: 'London. Oct. 12. Land, who named the ship; Sir Arthur had been created at Richmond that year. The Shipyard Spotlight, a monthly maga- Salter, of the British Merchant Shipping The next in order were the Ocean Viking, zine issued by the Admiralty, claims Commission representing the British Ocean Vestal and Ocean Vesper, launched British designers invented the Liberty ship Government, and Lady Salter; William on 30th November. In 1942, in addition to and turned over the plans to Henry Bennett, Harry Hunter and Richard Powell, the 'Oceans', new ships were rolling out for RED CROSS members of the British Purchasing Kaiser . . .'. the Maritime Commission for America How did the ship type get its name? At Commission; and Henry J. Kaiser, had come into the war. Become A Blood Donor Today the end of 1941 it was disclosed that president of the Todd-California Ship- Joseph L. Thompson & Sons, Sunderland, building Corporation. The productivity of the American yards had completed a new standard cargo ship was phenomenal. The majority of the In the course of his speech Rear-Admiral The Life You Save May Be Your Own with a deadweight capacity of 10,150 tons. workers had come from other industries Land said: 'Ships have won every great Named the Empire Liberty, she was the including automobile manufacturing. By international war. This ship and hundreds first of a series being built for Government prefabrication and the use of welding which of her sisters which will be produced in the and private account. The builders had could be learned in a few weeks they shipyards of America and Great Britain With the Compliments of evolved the hull form and design, it was knocked up sections weighing as much as will win this war. Of that I have not the stated, and the plans had been passed to 80 tons which were moved to the slipways slightest doubt .... Our immediate need the U.S.A. and Canada. There, certain for assembly. This was the secret o£ fast in the American supreme shipbuilding TENNYSON FABRICS PTY. LTD. modifications were made, notably relating shipbuilding. Record after record was programme of all time is to produce more to welding to suit the labour skills there. broken. than 1,200 merchant vessels by the end of As far as the hull was concerned the 1943 and that means two ships every day Here are the facts about one 1942 record DIVISION OF UNIVERSAL TEXTILES {AUSTRALIA) LTD. Empire Liberty was a sister to the Ocean for the next two years.* relating to the Joseph S. Teal, from an Vanguard, the first of 30 ships built by the Oregon shipyard: keel laid 13th September, Telegrams of congratulation were TELEPHONE: 211-4966 Todd-California Shipbuilding Corporation launching 23rd September with the ship received from Lord Halifax, British Am- at Richmond. The Empire Liberty, renamed 87 per cent complete. The hull was 100 per bassador in Washington; Mr. A. V Mentor, survived into the 1960s when she cent complete, welding 100 per cent, Alexander, First Lord of the Admiralty; Please Addr.ss All Mail to: P.O. BOX 3 BRICKFIELD HILL, N.S.W. 2000 was owned by J. C. Dracoulis, of Ithica, riveting 100 per cent, pipe installation and Mr. F. J. Leathers, Minister of War Greece. The Ocean Vanguard was the 9S per cent, boilers installed and steam up. Transport. victim of a U-boat on 13th September, Outfitting took only four days and the ship 1942. Second ship of the series, the Ocean Vigil. was delivered 27th September. The total Due to the exigencies of newspaper went down the ways at Richmond on man hours on the job was 375,000 com- space little appeared in British newspapers 31st August. She was named by Mrs. pared with 900,000 first required per ship. A Satisfactory Connection the Navy Department and about the Ocean Vanguard and her sisters. Kaiser whose matron of honour was Mrs. F. C. Cocks, wife of the Todd- The International Maritime Dictionary Contemporary accounts from California by Rene de Kerchove, published by D. van are worth quoting now . California resident Lloyd's Register sur- veyor. The superintendent shipwright res- Norstrand Co. Inc., New York, in 1948, The work of reclaiming the ground and ponsible for the launch was Mr. Ken has this entry: 'Liberty ship. Emergency- laying-out of the shipyards at Richmond Cameron, Ross-shire-born Clyde-trained built single-screw cargo steamer designed P. H. P. ENGINEERING by U.S. Maritime Commission to com- started on 20th January, 1941. The first craftsman; it was his 101st launch. keel plates of the Ocean Vanguard were pensate for the loss of merchant ship laid on 14th April. The ship was launched On 17th September, designated 'Liberty tonnage from submarine warfare. The first on 16th August. Fleet Day' by the President, 14 ships were keel was laid in April 1941. More than Rear 62 MACPHERSON STREET, WAVERLEY, N.S.W. launched in American shipyards. Two of 2,300 vessels of this type were built in the It was at 5.38 p.m. on Saturday, these were from Richmond. Mrs. Cocks us: 16th August that the Ocean Vanguard, launched the Ocean Voice at 3 p.m. and It is indeed time to get the historical Who are Proud to be Associated with the Navy Department in their Work's known as Keel No. I, was launched from Mrs. Clay P. Bedford, wife of the general record straight! Programs

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Nov.-Dec.-Jan., 1970- Pago Sovonty THI NAVY N«v-O»t.-Jon., 19TO-71 THI NAVY HOW TO LIVE WITH POLLUTION by Dr David T. Bellamy. Mr Alan Whitick, and Mr D. J. Jones. A CLOSE LIAISON THE NAVY DEPT. AND Undoubtedly the easiest way for a maritime community to get rid of anything is to throw it into the sea. Until recently, therefore, Britain's inland waterways were regarded and used as trunk sewers. Recognition of the problem of freshwater pollution only came when lakes and rivers became IS ON & CO. PTY. LTD. too objectionable to 'live'' with. Legislation to alleviate this problem followed only after it hod been proved to be both a danger to health and economically bad in terms of loss of amenity and fish NOWRA NOWRA production.

20241 PHONE 20241 Pollution of the sea, as such, has always seemed much more of a remote possibility; the 330 million cubic miles of salt water Who are Proud to be Associated with the Navy Dept. in the Supply of appear to be the solution to the problem of pollution, not part of it. This is no longer true. Today it is impossible to overlook marine pollution; in fact in some places it is already revolting to have to overlook it. * TIMBER & HARDWARE If by pollution we mean upsetting the balance of natural living systems, then man • CONTRACTORS TO THE NAVY DEPT. must pollute the sea. The complex of marine life is a huge living system. The plants both floating and attached, macro- and micro- * For all Enquiries . scopic, trap and fix light energy. Part of their standing crop feeds the host of herbi- MR. J. ISON vorous animals, whose numbers are kept in check either by lack of food or by the carni- ISON & CO. PTY. LTD. vorous animals which feed on them. Thus there exists in the sea an infinitely complex but perfectly balanced web of life, an eco- 83 BRIDGE ROAD, NOWRA, N.S.W. system. The point of the balance is the com- plexity of the system, each part of which plays its exact role in the self regulating rule of survival of the fittest. The ultimate control is by the environment and especially that factor which becomes limiting, in the sea, light penetration and the availability of the key nutrients, nitrates and phosphates. The marine ecosystem is buffered against change, the component systems handling what they have evolved to handle, slow BAILEY & JORGENSON changes in temperature and salinity. Rapid, localised, catastrophic changes such ?s the effects of volcanoes, hurricanes, tidal waves, and so on can slso be dealt with by restocking from nearby areas. Modern technology has made man into a PTY. LTD. great geomorphological and geochemical force. Every day larger and larger quantities of material derived from the Earth's crust flow through his short term economy and Lighterage Timber and General Cargo Haulage and Handling end up in the sea. Some are beneficial, some are inert, others are detrimental and are Contractors drastically changing the marine environment. Among these there is an increasing number of new substances which are directly toxic to most forms of marine life and although they are at present localised they are in- Flat Top Lighters — Diesel Radio Controlled Tugs for Hire creasing year by year. The system tries to Figur® i: Summary of the factor* effecting th. kelp forest ecosystem. 24 Hour Service rebalance itself but in places there are signs that it is not being successful. These signs do shore marine fringe takes the full brunt of the Measurement of the environmental factors and must continue to cause concern, for the pollution load and it would seem obvious to such as current surge, wave action, turbidity, sea is not only the world's last sink but it is look there for any signs of change. Around sedimentation and incident light energy all the world's last source of minerals and food. the coasts of Britain the most widespread require the development of integrating data What are these signs and how can the sea ecosystem of the fringe is the kelp forest. logging equipment. The probability of dam- 28 UNION STREET, BALMAIN - 82-2197 continue to be used as a sink and at the same The complex of factors which control the age or loss in this alien environment is a time a resource? Study of a component eco- performance of the kelp forest ecosystem are cogent fact. Similarly measurements of the system is yielding results which axe of value summarised in Figure 1. which also indicates levels of nutrient and toxic substances require in answering both these question*. The in- where pollution might act. regular and detailed analysts to avoid draw-

Nov.-Doc.-Jon., 1970-71 Nov.-0M.-Jan., 19; THE NAVY Poge Seventy-throe Pag. S.v«nty-two THE NAVY ing wrong conclusions from freak conditions. class by the mean number of individuals per The overwhelming dominance of filter feeders However, even if all these factors could be class in the relevant populations. By measur- at the polluted sites would indicate that toxic measured accurately there would still be the ing the performance of the ecosystem at all substances are not important in this case un- basic problem of what are their biological depths a figure for its potential can be ob- less it is argued that the organisms in effects. tained. question are not susceptible. A CLOSE LIAISON THE NAVY DEPT AND As it is possible to measure some of the Turning to the animals associated with the Sediment factors easily and with moderate accuracy it kelp forest, the problems of comparisons that Regarding survival, the most critical stages would seem sensible to allow the ecosystem would mean anything appear even greater in the life cycle of any organism are those of to monitor pollution and act as an "early when the natural fluctuations in their popu- settlement and establishment of their dis- earning system." lations are taken into consideration. There is, persal phases. There is often a specific re- The inshore marine ecologist is however however, one group of animals which seem quirement for the right sort of substratum. A Trisal Engineering Pty. Ltd. faced with two major problems; the great amenable to study. deposit of sediment covering bare rock could variation in environmental conditions over The holdfast of the kelp consists of a mass account for the lack of certain species from very short stretches of coast and the element of branches, the interstices of which produce the polluted ecosystems. Similarly depos- of chance in the recruitment and establish- shelter (ecospace) for a variety of animals. ition of suspended material such as fly ash, Who are Proud to be Associated with the Navy Dept in the supply of ment of species whose disposal phases are As the holdfast grows, so the ecospace which in sea water can set solid, can cover and planktonic. This makes meaningful ecolog- volume increases and the animal population exterminate the normal soft-bottom animals • LIGHT STEEL TOWING ROFES ical comparisons very difficult likewise builds up within it. Detailed study of and plants. As the small animals are the What then can be measured? Sociological the development of the fauna shows it to be a staple diet of large fish populations this » Contractors to the R.A.N. structure, that is the plant make-up of the gradual process which follows a definite would upset the balance of the whole in- ecosystem, is a simple matter of accurate pattern. It would seem, therefore, that the shore fringe. These are big problems for the observation and so is the measurement of the fauna from a full age- range of holdfasts disposal engineer. For instance, if the fly ash * For all EnquirMt . . . depth range and density of the individuals, represents an ecosystem feature developed could be made to set with a pitted surface the MR P. BOTT extensive survey and direct observation using and stable over a long time. development of an interstitial fauna could help replace the normal food source of the free diving techniques being the key to suc- These animals may be considered in four fish. cess. Measurement of performance is more main groups according to iheir method of 63 Alexander Street difficult. The kelp is however a perennial, the feeding; (I) filter feeders, animals which feed Sediment can have a more direct effect in holdfast (attachment organ) and stipe (stalk) on microscopic particles by "sieving" them that deposition onto the surface of any CROWS NEST, 2065 living for a number of years, a new lamina from the water; (2) browsers, hervibores feed- photosynthetic organs or organisms will cut being produced annually. Net annual pro- ing on plant material by grazing; (3) car- down the amount of light reaching them and duction of the perennial parts may be ob- nivores. animals feeding on other animals will therefore reduce their performance. tained from a simple age to weight relation- and (4) omnivores, animals which feed on a Since the rate of sedimentation will be 43-6885 — PHONE — 43-6885 ship. see Figure 2. The figure so obtained can variety of foods, plant or animal, living or greatest at depth and in sheltered areas, de- be regarded as a measure of performance in dead. By using sufficient samples and coun- tailed comparative studies of shallow and relation lo the environment in lolo over the ting all the animals present in the holdfast current surge sites would help to distinguish life span of the plant. The production of the of different ages it is possible to build up a between them. lamina may be measured by regular or peak broad picture ofihe fauna's structure. Suspended Material cropping; this would give a measure of per- formance for the current year. Table I gives comparative data of this Fly ash, coal washings, industrial and dom- type from two series of kelp forest collected estic wastes, sewage, other colloids and oil Plot performance may be calculated by over little more than 100 km of coast. One must all play a part in reducing the amount multiplying the annual increment per age A CLOSE LIAISON THE NAVY DEPT AND series is from the unpolluted water of south of light available on the floor of the sea and Scotland and north Northumberland, the this effect, of course, increases with depth. other being from the chronically polluted This alone could account for the reduction in waters of County Durham. The differences depth range and in individual and plot per- between them may be related to pollution as formance of the kelp. The shading effect follows: should be greatest on the plants growing SILENTBiOC f AUSTJ under the forest canopy, thus helping to The pollutants and the possible effects are best considered under four main headings, as explain the overall loss of diversity and the each group will effect the ecosystem in a drastic reduction of ecosystem performance. different way. Likewise suspended material and sediment PTY. LTD. could directly influence the browsers and Toxic Substances filter feeding animals, the effect being de- (ANTI-VIBRATION ENGINEERS) The great difference in animal and plant pendent on its toxic neutral or nutritive diversity could be due to the effects of poi- nature. In the case under consideration the sons. However, dilution in the open sea must overwhelming predominance of filter feeders in the polluted system point to the latter. Who are proud to be associated with the R.A.N, in the supply of be very great and it would seem that lethal concentrations of such substances would be • FLEXIBLE EXPANSION PIECES found only in close proximity to a badly sited Nutrients must themselves be considered outfall. under two different headings—inorganic and • Contractors to R.A.N Establishments There are, however, two ways in which toxic organic. The inorganic nutrients such as substances can be concentrated in marine phosphates and nitrates, which are scarce in For all Enquiries . . . ecosystems, firstly by the filter feeders. These the sea. could be important in maintaining are organisms which must pass large volumes growth and development within these sys- SILENTBLOC (AUST.) PTY. LTD. of water through their bodies in order to con- tems which are subject to other ill effects of centrate sufficient food, and could also inad- pollution. In an area of chronic industrial vertently concentrate poisons. Secondly, pollution, such as the NE of England, the CNR. CHAPMAN & JOSEPH STREETS concentration can occur via the food chain. removal of sewage nutrients via a long sea For example, animals feeding on the filter outfall (in an attempt to overcome the main BLACKBURN, VIC. feeders, mentioned above, could obtain high aesthetic problems of pollution) could well Branches in:— SYDNEY — ADELAIDE — BRISBANE — PERTH doses of poisons which could in turn be pas- be the "last straw" and bring about the com- sed on to other carnivores and scavengers plete loss of all below tide-line ecosystems. and again concentrated. It is among these The organic nutrients (sewage, paper-pulp Figure 2: Growth curves for weight of organisms that indicators of the effects of waste and effluents from silos and food kelp plant aa against age. poisonous pollutants should be expected. factories) can supplement the natural food-

Nov.-Dec.-Jan., 1970-71 Poge Seventy-five THE NAVY Nov.-Doc.-Jon., 1970-71 THE NAVY Poge Seventy-foor Grams ash free dry weight per m* (plot) A Satisfactory Connection the Navy Department and Sociology. Maximum depth Depth Integrated figure Net annual Net annual Total net Floristic diversity range of the for individual production production annual Total number of kelp forest performance kelp epiphytes production species of seaweed of kelp recorded

Sunicrust Bakery Msan values from Greens 28 — 1 to -17M — 1 to -2M 550 2100 530 2630 6 unpolluted sites Browns 56 belowOD. —4to -7M 420 920 340 1260 Reds 83 — 16 to -17M 91 130 2 132 MILDURA STREET Msan values from Greens 10 Oto-4M — 1M 410 970 220 1190 GRIFFITH. 2603, A.C.T. 5 heavily polluted Browns 15 below OD. — 4M 300 450 30 480 sites Reds 22

Suppliers of... Summary: Figures for the polluted ecosystems expressed as a percentage of the comparable figures for the non-polluted ecosystems are given below: * BREAD, BREAD ROLLS AND CRUMBS Floristic diversity: 28 per cent Individual Plot Epiphytes Total Plot Depth range 25 per cent 75 per cent 46 per cent 42 per cent 45 percent Ecosystem potential 16 per cent 71 percent 49 per cent 9 per cent 38 per cent * Contractors to the Australian Armed Forces Performance: -1 to -2M -4M depth Table 1 •: Comparative data retarding the 'Infeuna' of kelp holdfaata on two different detee from the two aeries of ecosystems

* For All Enquiries: Similarity Polluted

Total no. of No. of individuals Total no. of individuals of each species - individuals Canberra: 95-0231 Phone Canberra: 95-0231 per 100. unpoll.: polluted per 100. (per cent.)

September 1967 Filter Feeders FF. 13 4 98 Browsers B. 4 20 0.1 Carnivores C. 30 66 1 Omnivores 0. 53 29 1 A Satisfactory Connection the Navy Department and . Per cent similarity of FF B C O FF B C 0 the fauna on the two 41 30 59 87 3 93 59 34 sampling dates

Filter Feeders 25 8 87 Shemenol Edible Oil Browsers 2 74 3 Carnivores 21 66 7 Omnivores 52 42 4

Summary The polluted systems (1) are dominated by filter feeders: the populations of which are very unstable. (2) have very stable populations Co. Pty. Ltd. of browsing organisms. chains, help in maintaining large popu- the economics of marine pollution? Are the throughout the world selected marine eco- lations of scavengers and thereby affect the enormous capital and recurrent expenditures systems should be studied in enough detail balance of the whole system. In a recent which would be required to stop marine pol- so that they could be used as sites for mon- 490 OXFORD STREET study of pollution and the commercially lution really necessary, or will man have itoring the increasing effects of pollution. important kelp, it was found that sewage to take for granted that certain stretches of BONDI JUNCTION, N.S.W. nutrients can maintain large populations of the coastlines of the world will be unfit for Man cannot avoid pplluting the sea! But browsing organisms which keep the kelp human recreation?" It is impossible to give the question is how can he do it without down. The stability of the browsers on the an answer but there are some relevant points. causing catastrophe? Dr H.T.Odum.a lead- Who are Proud to be Associated with the Navy Department in the Durham coast could be explained in this Modern work method is leading to more ing ecologist, has recently put forward the way. leisure time; polluted beaches are most likely exciting idea that as pollution presents new Supply of... It is obvious that the possible effects of to occur close to built up areas on the coast opportunities for the evolution of organisms • PEANUT OIL pollution are many and that much more where much of this new-found leisure time and ecosystems it could be exploited by man. basic work is necessary before these con- will be spent. Loss of animal and plant div- In the light of sound biological knowledge clusions can be regarded as anything more ersity and productivity of the inshore marine regarding the exact effects of pollution gained * For All Enquirw.... than inspired guesses. The sites at present fringe, must lead to a reduction in our inshore from studies as outlined above it should not under intensive study in Britain are shown in fisheries. How much "abuse" will the marine be an impossible feat of ecosystem engineer- Table 2 (sec pa«e II). environment withstand before something ing to produce new living systems which 38-3414 Phone 38-3414 catastrophic takes place? would handle man's many wastes and provide Economic Aspects Proper decisions must be based on much and maintain a productive stable, "unpol- There still remains the question, "What are more data. Not only in the British Isles but luted" marine environment.

Nov.-Doc.-Jon., 1970-71 THI NAVY Pope Seventy-seven THE NAVY Nov.-Ooc.-Jon., 1970-71 foe* Sovonfy-six NATO's A.S.W. Potential Precis by William Charles Colvin A SATISFACTORY CONNECTION THE NAVY DEPT AND

The following article gives a concise general account of the present state of anti- submarine warfare in the West. It has been selected from a longer piece, which it is unfortunately not possible to reproduce in full, giving additional material on the types J. F. LYNCH of ships and aircraft employed in the anti-submarine role.

WHO IS PROUD TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE NAVY DEPARTMENT S WORK PROGRAMS. Before any submarine can be attacked it must those used in the last war. Thus in any future first be found. In the last war most submarines Battle of the Atlantic, NATO will be faced with FOR ALL ENQUIRIES were found because sooner or later they had to much the same problem as in the war years, but expose themselves above water, either to attack, with the added problem of the nuclear and with or to charge their battteries, or to transmit on "ewer anti-submarine craft available. 86 REMLY STREET, LAKEMBA, N.S.W. their radio. The Germans used radio a great deal There are nine means at present of finding and were frequently located by the highly submarines: efficient allied DF chain. (a) by sonar from surface ships 759-0857 759-0857 Now we are faced with the nuclear submarine, (b) by sonar from submarines capable of tremendous underwater endurance (c) by sonar from helicopters without refuelling, capable of remaining sub- (d) by sonobuoys in conjunction with aircraft merged indefinitely without showing even a (e) by various airborne detectors periscope above the water, capable of diving to (f) by radar in ships or aircraft far greater depths than any submarine in the (g) by fixed sonars in the ocean last war, and above all, capable of speeds up to (h) by shore, ship or aircraft Direction A CLOSE LIAISON THE NAVY DEPT AND around 35 knots submerged. However, even Finders nuclear submarines still have to expose some- (i) by Electronic Warfare. thing to transmit on their radio or to use their It sounds a formidable list but let us look at it radar. in more detail. Such a submarine is far more difficult to Dishmas fer locate and, given good radio discipline, might Ship sonar never be located until it performs some hostile The range of a ship-mounted sonar is strictly act. Fortunately for us the Soviets at present limited. Sonars can be used in the active role, would appear to have only some 60 nuclears i.e. a pulse is transmitted which, if it encounters capable of being used against shipping and nearly an underwater object, is reflected back, or in the f Aust.) Ud. half of these are in the Pacific, but probably these passive role, i.e. a listening watch is kept on the 60 are worth at least 120 conventionals. hydrophones in the hope ofhearing a submarine's WHO ARE PROUD TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE NAVY DEPT IN THE SUPPLY OF It is impossible to overstate the value of high propeller noises. • DISHMASTERS 4 WASTEMASTERS submerged speed. Thirty knots is as fast as the Unfortunately the ocean is not a good medium • SPARES AND SERVICE modern frigate or destroyer and certainly far through which to send sonar pulses and the faster than a surface vessel can steam if her sonar range obtained by this means is not great. Actual " Contractors to R.A.N Establishments is to be of any use. Admittedly many ships are ranges are classified, but it is doubtful whether now provided with helicopters, but at present For all Enquiries . . . any hull mounted set could detect a submarine most of them are purely weapon delivery vehicles by active means at a distance over 10 miles, and DISHMASTER (AUST.) LTD. and are not capable of using sonar. at times ranges are as small as a few thousand However, not every Russian submarine en- yards. Water, however, is a good conductor of Offices in all capital cities of Australia countered will be a nuclear, and the conventional sound and passive sonars sometimes have very submarine has not improved so very much over much longer ranges.

Nev.-DM.-Jan., 1970-71 THE NAVY Paf« Savanty-nine THE NAVY Nov.-Dac.-Jan., I« Page Sevantyaight There are a number of types of hull-mounted they are badly affected by the ship pitching. sonars. Most ships have a long range detection Thus a hull mounted sonar cannot be used FOR FUTURE REFERENCE set, which is not particularly accurate, and a effectively at high speeds or in rough weather if shorter range, much more accurate, attack set. the ship is steaming into the sea. There is also The US has developed a 'bottom bounce' sonar the everlasting problem of 'non-subs' - sonars in which the sonar wave is reflected off the sea- frequently find it difficult to differentiate between bed on-to the target, and it is claimed that the submarines, whales, schools of fish, wakes of RENOWN & PEARLITE system produces increased detection ranges. other ships and old wrecks, and it takes a very Another possibility, known as Variable Depth experienced operator to pick out the real sub- Sonar (VDS), consists of a sonar transducer marine. Work is going on to endeavour to do towed astern of the ship. By varying the length this by computer, but so far nothing has been (N.S.W.) PTY. LTD. of tow the depth of the transducer can be varied. found to beat the experienced sonar man. Who are Proud to be Associated with thejytVY DEPT. in the Supply of The reasoning bfchind this method is that tem- perature layers are formed in the water due to PLASTIC FILM TUBING the surface or near-surface water being heated Submarine sonar and BAGS by the sun. There are distinct layers between A far better platform for a sonar set is a sub- water of different temperatures which tend to marine. Submarines can very their depth to suit • CONTRACTORS TO THE ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY reflect or refract the sonar wave, and it is possible the temperature conditions, they are not for a submarine to get below a layer and remain bothered by rough seas, their own cavitation and • For all Enquiries . undetected. With VDS it is possible to lower the other noises are far less than those of a surface RENOWN & PEARLITE (N.S.W.) PTY. LTD. sonar transducer below the layer and so catch ship, they are a far more difficult target for the the submarine unawares. In addition it is enemy submarine to torpedo and are immune sometimes possible to transmit the sonar beam from the anti-ship missile. Certain NATO 8 CONSTITUTIONAL ROAD, RYDE, N.S.W. between two layers which has the effect of giving submarines have been fitted with very large and it much longer range. On the whole though, powerful sonars (far bigger than is practicable 80-0386 — PHONE — 80-0386 VDS does not increase detection range, but it in a surface ship) and these are giving satisfactory has proved successful in detecting submarines longer detection ranges. So valuable is a sub- hiding beneath temperature layers. marine as an anti-submarine vessel that a number are being built especially for this A problem highlighted by the fast submarine purpose; the British nuclear Valiant class is an FOR FUTURE REFERENCE . . . is whether to use a searchlight type of sonar example. beam or one which transmits all round. In the searchlight type the energy is concentrated in one direction and the operator trains his beam, Helicopter mar transmits, waits for an echo (if there is one) to A helicopter, provided it is large enough, can return, trains his beam a few more degrees and lower a sonar transducer into the sea, known in M. A. MASON & CO. repeats the process until he has covered his the Royal Navy as 'dipping' and in the US Navy assigned arc of search, which may be from 70 as 'dunking'. Like the VDS, the sonar can be degrees on one bow to 70 degrees on the other. lowered beneath the temperature layers, but The process, as can be imagined, is a long one unlike the VDS it cannot be towed. In other PTY. LTD. and, with submarines capable of far greater words the helicopter when using its sonar has to speeds than the detecting ship, is a highly 19 RESERVE STREET hover. dangerous one, since the submarine may ALEXANDRIA, N.S.W. approach from outside the arc, or even from Helicopters can be used instead of ships on an SUPPLIERS OF:- inside it whilst the sonar beam is pointing in anti-submarine screen. They lower their trans- another direction. ALL TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL FASTENERS ducers, carry out a sonar search whilst hovering raise the transducer, proceed to a new position CONTRACTORS TO THE NAVY As a result, the tendency nowadays is to go for and repeat the performance. Rough weather does an all round sonar, one which will 'floodlight' the not affect the sonar and the helicopter, by reason PHONE: area all round the ship. This is safer, but a certain of its much faster speed than a ship, can be sent amount of energy is lost, so detections are made 69-4736 69-4239 69-2722 away from the screen to investigate distant only at closer ranges. contacts without being absent for as long as Ship sonars suffer from the noise made by the would a surface vessel. Another advantage the vessel going through the water and in rough seas helicopter has over a ship is that an enemy

Nov.-DK.-Jan., Nov.-Ooc.-Jan., 1970-71 THE NAVY Poq# Iighly-ona Pago Eighty THE NAVY submarine cannot hear it coming on her hydro- to protect a convoy, for example, an aircraft phones. could lay a barrier of buoys either side of the Compliments to the R.A.N. Because of its size and weight the dipping/ convoy's path. Alternatively a moored barrier of dunking sonar can only be fitted in the larger buoys could be placed across a harbour mouth helicopters, which normally are too big to or a narrow strait. Consideration is also being operate from frigates and require special heli- given to laying them in the open ocean and copter carriers or conventional aircraft carriers. monitoring them by satellite. Smaller helicopters are used for anti-submarine Another method is to lay a pattern of buoys work flying from frigates or destroyers, but they round the suspected position of the submarine, merely carry the weapon, and are dependent established perhaps by a DF fix or intercept of SIMON-CARVES (AUST.) upon the parent ship for detection of the sub- its radar before it fully submerges. If the pattern marine and for orders on when and where to is correctly laid the submarine could be contained deliver their homing torpedoes or depth charges. inside it. The British system is known as MATCH. The US has a similar system using an unmanned Most of these methods were used in the last drone and known as DASH, but the drone is war and were effective against the slow con- PTY. LTD. expendable each time, whilst in the British ventional submarine; their efficacy against a fast system the helicopter returns. nuclear is problematical.

Other airborne detection methods 1 89 KENT STREET, SYDNEY Sonobuoys Two other airborne detection devices are in use A fixed wing aircraft cannot hover, so cannot use today. A diesel submarine on the surface or the helicopter type of sonar. In place of it snorting will leave diesel fumes behind her after sonobuoys are used. These are small sonar sets 27-9311 — 27-9311 she has submerged. These can be detected by a in themselves, but they transmit what they hear device in the aircraft known by the Americans by radio to a monitoring aircraft. Sonobuoys can as a 'sniffer' and by the British as Aulolycus. All be either passive or active, that is to say they the device will do is to indicate that a diesel listen only or they transmit and listen for the fitted craft has been in that vicinity recently. returning echo. The former type cannot tell the Against nuclears it is useless and, as its range is A Close Liaison the Navy Department and .. . direction of the sounds they hear nor their range, small, it is not of any great value against the thus they are dropped in patterns which are conventional submarine. plotted by the navigator in the aircraft. When they hear anything he draws range circles round Another slightly more promising equipment each buoy, allowing an estimated range depend- is known as MAD (Magnetic Anomaly Detector). Nordstrom Refrigeration ing on the conditions. Where the circles from It is a magnetometer, fitted at the end of a long two buoys cut is the probable position of the boom at the tail of the aircraft, and it detects submarine. Three buoys are normally used to minute changes in the earth's magnetic field. obtain a better fix. The term 'draw' is used meta- The large metal mass of a submarine (even phorically, in fact the whole system in a modern submerged) will cause some slight change in the Pty. Ltd. aircraft is automated. magnetic field and MAD can detect this, but Who are Proud to be Associated with the Navy Department in the Supply of : — again the range of detection is small. Passive buoys can also be used to obtain Another use of an aircraft is to obtain the range by what is known as the echo ranging • AIR-CONDITIONING temperature of the sea at various depths and to system. Small underwater explosive charges are pass the information to the co-operating ships * REFRIGERATION dropped and the buoys compare the time of and helicopters, which of course urgently receipt of the shock wave direct with that received require it so that they can work out what tem- when reflected from the submarine and thus * Contractors to the Navy Department perature layers there are and at what depth to set determine the range of the latter. More sophisti- • For Further Technical Information contact. . . their VDS or dipping sonars. The aircraft drops cated buoys transmit and receive and can pass to a bathy-thermograph sonobuoy, which lowers MESSRS. 1. HOLDCN, H. L. NORDSTROM the monitoring aircraft both the direction and a temperature measuring device into the water range of their contact, but the passive buoy used and as it sinks it measures the temperature NORDSTROM REFRIGERATION PTY. LTD. alone has the advantage of not giving away its against depth. These measurements are received 42-44 KINGSTON ROAD, CAMPERDOWN presence to the submarine. by the buoy and transmitted to the monitoring 51-3803 PHONE 51-3803 Sonobuoys can be used in a variety of ways: aircraft.

Pog* lighty-two THf NAVY Nov.-Ooc.-Jan., Nov.-OM.-jon., 1970-71 TNI NAVY P09+ Eig hty-lhfti Radar detection The United States are known to have two Both ships and aircraft are equipped with radars projects, Caesar and Colossus, which consist of A SATISFACTORY CONNECTION - THE NAVY DEPT. AND capable of detecting submarines on the surface a number of passive seabed sonars, and a and/or their snorkels and periscopes, although development project called Trident for an the range of detection of the latter two is limited, active system. Hamworthy Engineering particularly in rough seas. Direction finding Radar is a two-edged weapon, as submarines One of the Allies' greatest assets in the last war can listen for radar transmissions on their was their highly efficient shore DF network. It intercept receivers and should be capable of Aust. Pty. Ltd. eventually became virtually impossible for a receiving them well outside radar detection range. German U-boat to transmit on its HF radio A submarine is thus actually alerted by the • SUPPLIERS OF . . . without being reasonably accurately 'fixed' by hunter's use of radar and often has plenty of • PUMPS the DF stations. A great many of the stations time to dive before the transmitting ship or • COMPRESSORS have of course been closed down, but the tech- aircraft gets anywhere near detection range. • HAMWORTHY/WALLSEND MARINE & INDUSTRIAL COMBUSTION nique has been kept alive and it would not take EQUIPMENT" Conventional submarines have to expose a long to re-establish the DF chain. Even the • Contractors to the NAVY DEPT. snorkel in order to charge their batteries. In modern short (or squash) transmission can be • For All Enquiries . . . addition, in the last war the German U-boats picked up. often surfaced in order to close their target at a MESSRS. G. BOWMER, C. BUDDERY higher speed, and indeed, in bad weather, to be The success of a DF chain naturally depends able to detect the target at all. It is possible that very much on the extent to which the enemy HAMWORTHY ENGINEERING AUST. PTY. LTD. Russian submarines (except the nuclears) would submarines use their radio. The Germans, in do the same. Radar has improved since the last their 'wolf pack' tactics, used radio a great deal, 231A VICTORIA ROAD, GLADESVILLE, N.S.W. war but so have intercept receivers, so the but it might well be that the Russian submarines balance between the hunter and the hunted have different tactics which do not involve so 89-0674 PHONE 89-0674 remains much the same. much use of it. For all that, it is difficult for a submarine to remain at sea for, say, 30 days without having to communicate at some time Fixed sonars with the shore or with her supply vessel or Probably the most closely guarded secret by consorts. A CLOSE LIAISON THE NAVY DEPT. AND . . both sides is the capability and location of fixed ocean sonars. These powerful listening posts can NATO is well placed geographically to be moored, or actually laid on the sea floor, in establish a long chain of DF stations in a north- positions where submarines are likely to transit, south direction, thus giving a good base line for GREY & LOWE such as narrow straits, entrances to channels or fixes of submarines in the Atlantic, but not so other important areas. They can be connected well placed for fixes in a northerly or southerly electrically to the shore and are extremely difficult direction. Submarines working off the southern PTY. LTD. and expensive to maintain. However they do offer tip of Africa might present quite a problem to about the only possible means at present of NATO DF stations, at least until such time that 6 PILCHER STREET detecting the nuclear ballistic missile submarine, South Africa was brought into the network. ENFIELD, N.S.W. provided the sensors can be laid in sufficient numbers in all the areas through which these Electronic warfare * Suppliers of . . . craft are likely to pass. Very much allied to shore DF is Electronic Warfare (EW) as practised by ships and aircraft. FROZEN FOODS It is interesting to note that at the recent Nowadays both are fitted with intercept receivers discussions in Geneva on the proposed Sea Bed and DF equipment. • Contractors to the R.A.N. Treaty, the Russians wanted a complete de- For all Enquiries . . . militarization of the seabed, whereas the As the submarine can hear the ship or aircraft's MR. IAN GREY Americans wanted the ban to apply only to radar before she is detected, so can the latter nuclear weapons on the ocean floor. This may hear a submarine's radar. Similarly radio trans- GREY & LOWE P/L mean nothing, but it could mean that the missions by submarines on HF, quite apart Russian seabed sonars are not so far advanced from being intercepted by the shore, can be 6 PILCHER STREET, ENFIELD, N.S.W. as the American types, or alternatively that the localized by the ships. Of course EW is only of Russians fear the seabed sonar more than the use when the submarine is on or near enough to Americans do. the surface to use its radar or radio, but intercept

Nov.-Jan., rag* Eighty-four THI NAVY Nw-o.c.-j.n., 1970-71 THI VY fog. f Ighty-flv. receivers on sonar frequencies can also be used would be Uke trying to spear an unseen fish and once again the sonar transmission can be from a boat. intercepted before the submarine is close A Close Liaison the Navy Dept. and Another method under study is the use of enough to make a sonar detection. Of course the infra-red. A submarine is much hotter than the reverse is only too true, and a submarine can surrounding sea and in addition, a nuclear Peerless intercept the ship's sonar transmissions well vessel discharges hot effluents. Present day infra- before she herself is detected. red devices can detect temperature differences down to o-3°C and this figure is improving all the Engineering Pty. Ltd. Future methods of detection time. An airborne detector which scans the Detection of submarines about to attack a surface of the sea with an infra-red cell is already in existence, but it only covers about one mile Manufacturers of "CALMIC" Filters from Aqueous Solution to Cold Resins convoy is one thing, but detection of the lone nuclear ballistic missile submarine, hiding at either side of the aircraft. When dealing with the Stockists "Calmic" Filter Papers depth anywhere within a radius of up to 2,000 enormous expanse of the oceans, which after all miles from a target, or the cruise missile boat, is cover 70 per cent of the world, a much bigger swept area is necessary, or alternatively an • Contractors to the R.A.N quite a different matter. impossibly large number of aircraft. • For All Enquiries The suggestion that each such vessel should be tracked from its base by an attack submarine so MR. D.EVANS that, in the event of war it could be immediately torpedoed, is obviously impracticable. Fixed Weapons So far we have only discussed the detection of the 12 WIGGS ROAD, RIVERWOOD, N.S.W. seabed sonars offer a possible solution, but at best they could only indicate that a submarine elusive submarine, but it is no use detecting it 533-4244 Phone 533-4244 had passed over them and the areas they could unless it can be attacked and destroyed. What cover would be very limited. Surface or aircraft weapons then are there available in NATO to Branches in: Melbourne - Adelaide - New Zealand & Singapore patrols can cover only a small area and can never effect the kill? be certain of finding a fully submerged sub- The old depth charge rolled over the side from marine, so are of little use. the ship has been replaced in the more modern NATO navies by the mortar capable of throwing The fact must be faced that the detection of a charges a considerable distance from the ship in nuclear ballistic or cruise missile submarine at any direction. Thus it is no longer necessary for present would be purely a matter of luck. It may a ship to pass over the submarine to effect an A Satisfactory Connection the Navy Department and be that in the next decade or so, some quite attack. This is a great advantage as the submarine revolutionary method of underwater detection never quite knows when the attack is going to capable of covering enormous areas will be take place and it is much easier for the ship to discovered, and no doubt scientists on both keep continuous contact. sides of the Iron Curtain are studying the Mortars have a limited range and a much more Filter Distributors Pty. Ltd. problem, but at the moment no such break- sophisticated type of weapon has been in use in through appears likely. the US and Royal Australian navies for some 34 HTZROY STREET, MARRICKVILLE, N.S.W. There are a number of new methods of detect- time and is shortly to be introduced into the ing submarines under investigation, but they are Royal Navy. The US Navy's ASROC and the mostly designed to detect the submarine on or RAN and RN Ikara systems both basically Who are Proud to be Associated with the Navy Department in the supply of . near the surface. Satellite reconnaissance of the consist of rocket propelled aerial missiles each seas is by no means impossible, but nobody so far carrying a homing torpedo. The missile is fired * High Pressure Carbon Absorption Units has discovered any method of detecting a fully in the general direction of the submarine contact submerged submarine from a satellite. Again it and on command from the ship releases its has been suggested that the laser beam shows torpedo, which enters the water and homes on to For All Enquiries ... promise, either from a satellite or from an the submarine. ASROC cannot be guided in 519-2133 Phone 519-2133 aircraft. Provided sufficient energy is put into the flight, but Ikara has guidance, so if the sub- beam it can penetrate water and the US is marine makes a sudden alteration of course after currently studying the use of a beam said to be the missile has been fired, the latter can be capable of detecting a submarine as deep as guided to intercept. 500 feet. But laser beams are narrow: trying to Helicopters and fixed wing aircraft can use impinge a beam on a submarine from an aircraft depth charges, but nowadays rely more on

Nov.-OK.-ian., THE NAVY Nov.-Ooc.-Jan., 1970-71 THE NAVY Pago Eighty-aovon PagoEighty-iix homing torpedoes. These torpedoes can be of It is not beyond the bounds of possibility two types; the passive which homes on to the that one day a break-through will be achieved. noise made by the submarine's propellers, or the When it occurs it will be one of the most closely active which has its own built-in sonar and homes guarded secrets in the world, but until that day A SATISFACTORY CONNECTION THE NAVY DEPT. AND . on to the sonar returns. This is expensive and the comes there is no doubt that the submarine passive homer is the more common. has the edge. Submarines attacking other submarines use their normal torpedoes (which may be homers), HANGERS PAINTS but the Americans have developed SUBROC which, like ASROC, is an aerial missile, but in this case fired when submerged. Its trajectory Personnel Strength of tho Royal (AUST.) PTY. LTD. takes it out of the water, through the air, and into the water again near its target where it Australian Navy, 1950-1971 explodes like a depth charge. Its advantage over an ordinary torpedo is that the submarine "INERTOL" — Rubberised Enamels Strength as at Per- Citizen Emer- cannot hear it coming on its sonar, and so takes manent Forces gency Total "EPOXIDE" - Epoxy Enamels no avoiding action, such as stopping its propellers Forces Reserves Industrial & Anti-Corrosive Coatings and making a rapid change of depth. "UNIZIPP" - Zinc Coatings No mention has been made so far of nuclear June 1950 10.252 4,943 15,195 warheads. Of course either depth charges, 1951 12.381 6,254 18,635 1952 14,144 7,398 21,542 mortars or torpedoes can be fitted with nuclear 1953 14,273 6,767 21.040 CNR. PARK ROAD & ANTOINE ST. warheads, but these are unlikely to be used, it 1954 14,181 4,800 18.981 least until the rest of the war had gone nuclear. 1955 13,211 4,944 18.155 RYDALMERE 1956 13,096 4.821 17,917 Another useful weapon against submarines, 1957 11,661 6,656 18,317 particularly in their transit areas is the mine. 1958 . 10.745 7,982 18,727 Phone: 638 1384 1959 10,699 7,850 18,549 This is no place to go into the various types of I960 10.598 7,816 18,414 mines which have now been devised, but a well 1961 10.722 7,770 18.492 placed, sophisticated minefield laid from under- 1962 ... 11,103 6,424 17,527 water outside a known enemy submarine base 1963 11,663 5.433 17.096 1964 12,569 5.202 17,771 might easily prevent many a submarine from 1965 13,503 3,762 443 17,708 reaching its patrol area. 1966 14,714 3,797 686 19.197 1967 15,893 3.931 793 20.617 There is no doubt that at present the lone 1968 I6.4S4 4.047 904 21.405 nuclear submarine lurking with its ballistic 1969 16,943 3,971 1.114 22.028 FRED A. BEER missiles in the vastness of the oceans is unlikely 1970 17,304 4,462 897 22.663 to be detected. Submarines engaged in attacks on Estimated Strengths shipping, transiting narrow waters or using their 17,820 4,330 798 22.948 radio may be detected given a sufficiently large at June 1971 SCRAP METAL BUYER AND GENERAL DEALERS force of ASW ships and aircraft. Modern REAL ESTATE AGENTS AND AUCTIONEERS weapons render the chance of a 'kill' once detected more probable than in the last war. PLEASE NOTE: The only place of trading is: There is an urgent requirement for a break- GREENS ROAD, DANDCNONG (near Australian Window Glass) through in underwater detection. If some method P. M. MONK PTY. LTD. between Frankston and Cranbourne Roads could be found to extend the range of active sonar from a mere io miles at the outside to SANITARY SEAT MANUFACTURERS PRODUCE MARKETS. TUESDAY hundreds of miles, the situation would be Custom Moulders to the Trade Buy, sell or exchange Furniture and Household Goods. Sales by Auction or on commission arranged. different. Alternatively, or perhaps additionally, FOR SALE — Piping. Girders. Second hand Roofing Iron. Furniture. Electric Motors. Farm and if fast moving aircraft could tow a long range irb other Machinery or anything useful. sonar set through the water or achieve some other means of through-water detection, or if satellite 261 EOWARDES STREET RESERVOIR WIDEST RANGE OF MATERIALS BOUGHT AND SOLD IN THE DISTRICT detection of submerged submarines became possible, the nuclear submarine might find life Phono: 460-1777 TELEPHONE: 7*2-9737 — After Hours: 546-9626 — No Sunday Trading much less easy.

,„,„ Nev.-OK.-Jan., 1970-71 TMI NAVY Ktf hty-nlna Nev.-Oae.-Jon., 1970-71 INI NAVY PeBeHiMy-e*!* A Satisfactory Connection the R.A.N, A Close Liaison the Navy Dept. and and Gilles & Moreton BOOTH Pty. Ltd. SIGNS Suppliers ol . * Glass Paper and Emery Cloth • Waterproof Silicon Carbide Paper • Polyethane * Complete Signwriting and Silk Screen Bags " Contractors to the Navy Dept Service * Sign Manufacturing and Erection

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MR. B. BARRACOUGH For All Enquiries . . . A. BOOTH 15 SOUTH STREET H.M.A.S. De/oroine (J232), a Balhursl class corvette and litter .Hip to H.M.A. Ships Kaloomfca and lifhgow. All three vessels played a major part in linking the Japanese submarine I 124. Surviving WWII, all three corvettes were wrapped in Hong Kong RYDALMERE, N.S.W. Cnr. Corrimal & Stewart Streets, in 1956-57. Corrimal, N.S.W.

638-1525 Phone 638-1525 Wollongong 28-9191 Phone 28-9191

A CLOSE LIAISON THE NAVY DEPT. AND . ALFA-LA VAL PTY. LTD. In 1942 the Japanese were sweeping all before them in their swift drives southwards, and playing a leading part was the Who are Proud to be Associated with the Navy Dept. in the Japanese navy, with its vastly superior forces. Repair & Maintenance of their Machinery Against such numerical strength at they carried and laid many mines mines, which was an extremely that time the allied navies could do oo which sank or caused considerable hazardous task To the Japanese they * Contractors to the NAVY DEPT. more than harass the enemy with hit damage to many of our ships. were regarded as cranky craft to and run raids. One of the most active Armed with one 15 cm. gun, they had * For all Enquiries . . . handle and manoeuvre, owing to their arms of the Japanese navy early in the a top surface speed of 14Vi knots and a small hydroplanes and rudders and war was its submarine force, flung out range of 10.500 miles at an economical throughout the service were known as across the vast Pacific, ready to speed ol 8 knots. Their operational the "dreaded submarines". pounce on any unsuspecting merchant- time range was about 20 days. ALFA—LAVAL PTY. LTD. man or warship. CRANKY CRAFT With a safety diving depth of only 195 If the least bit lightened they tended Included in their underwater fleet feet they were considerably hampered to surface and if over weighted would 299 SUSSEX STREET, SYDNEY were four mine-laying submarines — compared with later subs, which could sink deeper. The 40-odd mines had to I s 121 to 124 and these craft were go down to 325 feet with safety. In an be moved one by one to the tail ol the among the hardest worked of all emergency many went below this subs, while at the same time water 26-6971 — PHONE — 26-6971 BuiU about 1925-7. these 1140-ton depth without damage. was pumped to the fore end to prevent submarines were considered obsolete Carrying 12 torpedoes I s 121 to 124 tail-heaviness - a reallv dangerous when war commenced, nevertheless were also equipped for laying 42 task.

Nov.-Dec.-Jan., 1970 Nov.-Dac.-Jan., 1970-71 Page Ninety THI NAVY THI NAVY Page Ninety-one very much alive by firing a torpedoe at her. Its track was reported by Deloraine's lookouts and on the bridge For Future Contracting Specify — Lieut.-Commander Menlove gave A Close Liaison the Navy Dept. and orders for a drastic evasive alteration of course, allowing the torpedo to pass Haymarket harmlessly by. The pinging echo of Deloraine's D. WILKINSON asdic then made contact, and it was Produce loud and clear. In she raced, covering the last few remaining yards at full speed, the ENGINEERING crew tense at their action stations, Company bracing themselves for the explosion EASY STREET they knew was coming. Suddenly, when dead on target, the firing bell NOWRA Pty. Ltd. was pressed and a moment later the U.S.S A/den (DO 211) o flush-deck destroyor, sister ship of U.S.S. Ed tall (DO depth charges were down. 9 LACKEY STREET 219). A lookout aboard Edsall wos the first to see the Japanese submarine I Behind Deloraine, the whole surface Who are proud to be Associated with the HAYMARKET 124, near Darwin, on 20 January, 1942. & of the sea jumped and quivered as the Navy Dept. in the Supply of.. . pattern exploded. A huge column of 301 to 307 BELMONT STREET When a mine was dropped the same "eggs" ol destruction at the entrances water shot high into the air. and it seemed to those on ^>ard that no • STRUCTURALSTEEL ALEXANDRIA weight of water had to be let in. to allied harbours. otherwise the stem would break During the early hours of the submarine could possibly live through SUPPLIERS OK FRESH VEGETABLES surface. If too much water, the boat morning of 20 January. 1942. I 124 was such a barrage, but when it subsided the surface remained empty. TO THE NAVY DEPT would sink on a mission to mine the approaches to For All Enquiries: Usually the mines were laid with a Darwin harbour, and was only about 60 Wheeling into the fray once more. For Further Information Contact: two-knot tide running at the entrance miles west of the port. In close Deloraine carried out a series of such MR. L. MONTGOMERY to bays, making it extremely difficult proximity were the United States attacks, until at last success came her Nowra 23401 Phone 23401 to keep the submarines level at the destroyers Edsall and Alden, escorting way. Oil and air bubbles were Phone: 211-3338 prescribed depth and at the same time the tanker Trinity to Darwin with observed on the surface urgently needed oil supplies. Suddenly, lay the mines in the correct positions. Was she damaged, or had the wily at 6.30 a.m. an excited lookout on This called for the utmost skill on the Jap commander merely shot oil to the Edsall reported a submarine dead part of the captain, navigator and surface to suggest a kill? Despite the ahead. Before the action alarm bells trained operators to avoid any crankiness and difficult A satisfactory connection: the Navy Dept. and Compliments of . . had ceased Edtall was racing in to dangerous errors. manoeuvrability of I 124 there was to attack, leaving Alden to protect the During 1940 these submarines were be no surrender. In true Japanese style tanker. equipped with petrol tanks on the it was determined, if need be, to die HERBERT OSBORNE upper deck for refuelling aircraft, The submarine, none other than I fighting for the Emperor. James Overall adding another role to their already 124, immediately dived to escape the arduous duties. destroyer bearing down on her Edsall By 3 p.m. Deloraine had expended On 1 December, 1941, the four dropped all her depth charges without her outfit of twenty depth charges, and Pty. Ltd. Japanese subs were at Hainan Island any conclusive results, and im- she remained on the scene until Service Pty. Ltd. when they were ordered to take up mediately wirelessed Darwin report- Lithgow arrived at 4.20 p.m. and their assigned war positions. ing the sub's presence. Katoomba at 6 p.m. INDUSTRIAL LAUNDERS WHO ARE PROUD TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH TWO CORVETTES THE NAVY LAYING MINES In Darwin were the corvettes SEVERE ATTACKS 19 GREY STREET At the time of the attack on Pearl H.M.A.S.'s Katoomba and Lithgow, These two ships then carried out a Specialising: Harbour, I s 121 and 122 were laying which had only arrived the previous series of attacks, and Captain Cousin, CARLTON, N.S.W. in Katoomba, who had taken over as • MACHINE TOOLS mines in the Singapore shipping day as escorts of a convoy from channel, and I's 123 and 124 were doing Thursday Island. Another corvette. senior officer, sent Deloraine racing in • ADJUSTABLE WRENCHES Specialising: likewise in Philippine waters. I 124 laid H.M.A.S. Deloraine, based in Darwin towards Darwin to get more depth her full complement off Manila since 7 January, as a unit of the 24th charges from the anti-submarine •ft Contractors to the Navy Department • RENTAL SERVICE harbour, and 8 December, found her minesweeping flotilla, was already at patrol vessel. H.M.A.S Vigilant. busy rescuing crashed aircraft crews sea sweeping the searched channel. Patience is a good attribute when • LAUNDRY SERVICE from the air assault in Manila. In On receipt of the enemy submarine hunting submarines. A quick kill is not HERBERT OSBORNE addition she was sending out report from U.S.S. Edsall the naval always possible, and in the Atlantic it PTY. LTD. • CONTRACTORS TO NAVY invaluable weather reports from the officer in charge. Darwin, Captain was sometimes necessary to stalk a area Thomas, immediately ordered Nazi U-boat for days before the final 100 CHALMERS STREET, SYDNEY As the Japanese drive southwards Deloraine. Katoomba and Lithgow to blow. Nor were they always 587-4101 Phone 587-410 gathered momentum, so too did the the attack. successful, as the cunning submarine 69-6053 PHONE 69-6053 minelaying subs keep ahead of the Deloraine was first on the scene at commanders, using all manner of surface forces, sowing their lethal I.35 p.m.. where I 124 showed she was ruses, occasionally managed to outwit

Nov.-Ooc.-Jon., 15 Nov.-Dec.-Jan., 1970-71 THE NAVY Page Ninety-throe Poge Ninety-two THE NAVY their hunters and creep away to safety by Katoomba, but only one. the 1 124, required elsewhere and it was i in the depths below was ever located. abandoned," he recalled. I 124 lies there to this day, the As soon as Deloraioe rejoined the WAS ON SCENE other two ships with another 15 depth remains of her crew no doubt still charges at 3.15 a.m. on 21 January, her Living in Hobart, Tasmania, now is entombed within her hull. JAMES WALKER & aadic got a firm contact, and she at one who vividly remembers 1124. He is In the overall assessment credit was S. N. Thomas once attacked. At 3.56 a.m., under the foreman stevedore Darell Law, who at given for her destruction to the three directions of Katoomba, Deloraioe the time was a R A N. diver based at Australian corvettes — Deloraine, carried out a series of concentrated Darwin. Katoomba and Lithgow, and the U.S.S. attacks until all her depth charges Ed sail. Following the sinking, a team of Co. A'asia Pty. Ltd. were used. | Engineering Pty. Ltd. Australian and American naval divers Very little publicity has been given If I 124 had not already been dealt were sent out to find the wrecked to this naval incident in the war (Manufacturers of Special Purpose Specialising in: submarine. against the Japanese, and it is fitting Machines) her death blow. Deloraine's attacks almost 30 years later, to recall the • PACKING & JOINTINGS certainly wrote finis to her career. Are Proud To Supply The Navy Dept. With: "It was dead easy, as the sea was gallant deeds of an Australian warship • ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT • CONTRACTORS TO THE Following them, large quantities of covered with fuel. oil. and we soon named after the picturesque and • BULK HEAD EQUIPMENT DEPARTMENT OF NAVY oil rose to the surface from the located the I 124 in 180 ft. of water I thriving Northern Tasmanian • WEAPONS doomed submarine — so much that she actually clambered all over her." Law township of Deloraine. could not possibly have survived such said. • a withering bombardment of depth Although essentially a team effort, At that depth it is very near the limit charges. there is little doubt that H.M A S. Foe Further Particulars Write to: for the conventional diving suit. For Further Particulars Contact: Deloraine played a major part in At the time it was thought in Darwin "Preparations were made for raising sinking I 124. first unit of the Japanese Mr. Stan Thomas 32 CLAPHAM ROAD that three submarines had been her, but thc big raids on Darwin Navy to fall victim to the Royal destroyed — two by Deloraioe and one shortly afterwards found our services Australian Navy. S. N. THOMAS ENGINEERING PTY. LTD. REGENTS PARK, N.S.W. 15 ETHEL AVENUE BROOKVALE, N.S.W. 644-1755 Phone 644-1628 93-7071 Phone 93-7071 TO THE ED iron

Compliments of ROBIN HOOD INN Pamela Payne. handle Vodka Don't worry. The most Here are the answers, women take 50 The Parade. important thing is how heavy is the particular note. If he's swaying, push BLACKTOWN, N.S.W. Ocean Grove. Vic. sailor, supposing he overlays you on him and then get out of the way. If he's (Popular Mine Host. JOHN LAZANAS) P C 3226 dry land, or falls overboard and you sleepy drunk, empty all the dregs from have to rescue him from the drink. the glasses into a pint mug. hand it to D. Roman & Co, Dear Madam. him. and wander away. If he's fighting Icy Cold Tooths Beer *t Its Best Sailors tend to congregate in dim if Thank you for your letter enquiring drunk take off a shoe and threaten to lurks, and lurk in dark cellars for the clobber him with it. While he is trying POPULAR SNACK BAR what you should do with a drunken purpose of drinking. You must sailor. to focus on the shoe deal with him in Pty. Ltd. remember that a matelot. or sailor (I the way your Father should have Telephone: 622-0205 As I put down my tumbler, and pick refer to the genuine article) is a taught you. If he's about to be sick, up my pen to reply I note that four product of the Wet Canteen, dressed in thank heavens he's not in your home, days have elapsed since you wrote. If his slops, a descendant of Nelson, with turn your back and stand yourself a your particular sailor is still drunk I his glass under his arm. and large brandy at the bar. It may be a suggest you pump all bilges, and stand presumably full of Nelson's Blood ever long walk home. from under while he heaves ho! since he was a tiny tot. Even the bow 98 BARCOM AVENUE AT YOUR SERVICE on his cap-band, secured around a All this sounds rather brutal, but you RUSHCUTTERS BAY Now that you have broached the threepenny bit is tiddly are obviously not used to drunken For Your Holiday Requirements subject I will be happy to give you my sailors if you ask for my advice I have opinion, in general, upon the matter of Having filled you up with facts only dealt with them all from "middies" on Specialising: Information & Bookings Call or Telephone •lolly Jack Tar when half-seas over. As slightly diluted with small beer, I shall schooners to submariners almost HOWARD SMITH TRAVEL CENTRES an ex-wren with a bottle of gin and # All Sleeping Equipment come to the point. totally submerged. Frankly I have a some angostura at my elbow. I feel Sydney: 269 George St.— Tel. 27-5611 I am of course presuming that you very soft spot for sailors, drunk or • Ruck-Sack and Sporting Goods well qualified to do so. Melbourne: 522 Collins St—Tel. 62-3711 yourself have not inbibed, well any sober, and it can be hard to tell the Port Adelaide: Todd St — Tel. 4-1461 i Drunken sailors come in all shapes, way not more than two helpings of difference F re mantle: I Mount! St — Tel. 5-1071 colours and sizes If you are colour- Yours UU Hell freezes over. Contractors To The Navy Department Newcastle: 16 Watt St —Tel. 2-4711 trifle, and a trifle of tipsycake. First of conscious you may feel that chinks are all take a quick recce Is he swaying? Cakn: 18 Abbott St —Tel. 2115-6 I Signed) 31-3991 Phone 31-3991 Ballaral: Cnr. Lydlwd £ Malr Sts. — Tel. 2-5462 more dangerous on plonk, or that Is he sleepy drunk? Is he fighting Tanzanians are uncertain how to drunk, or about to be sick? ESKIMO NELL

Nov.-Doc.-Jon., 1970-71ijjNov.-Ooc . Jon., 1970-71 THE NAVY Poq* N inety-five THE NAVY PogoNinoty-four (The Editor is indebted to the officers of the Information Service of the British High Commission in Australia for their reedy assistance in the compilation of this article.)

MORE RELIABILITY. BETTER The radar set itself is of modular crowded shipping lanes, a British Green Island PICTURES FROM NEW RADARS construction, so that sections can marine radar which can predict the Marine radars just developed are simply be unplugged and replaced, and effect of a vessel's contemplated LITTLE OVER AN HOUR FROM CAIRNS, N.Q. claimed to offer higher standards of special controls eliminate the need for change in course and speed has been reliability and brighter, clearer frequent tuning. The radar screen can officially approved and adopted pictures over ranges up to 48 miles. also be fitted with a digital range During the past year the Marconi readout. Predictor unit has been in constant use The two radars — one has a four aboard the 22,000-ton liquid gas carrier foot, the other a six foot long aerial or HIGH FOCAL PLANE Methaae Progress and the ship's scanner — represent three years of SPAR BUOY Master. Captain M. M. Murchie. research and engineering by London's A glass reinforced plastic s^ar buoy reports that even in particularly dense Decca Radar Company. The pictures able to maintain high stability in the traffic the ship was able to proceed received on their nine inch screens are strong currents of estuaries and The Top Jfj/an4 without any delay. described by the firm as "the best we harbours has been introduced by a have ever produced". British company. "The system has proved invaluable The 3 ft. diameter buoy has a focal with its self-plotting facilities and this, Mr. Charles Taylor, sales director of plane height of 11.3 ft. and a draft of combined with its excellent standard Decca. told journalists from Britain, 10.5 ft. The long counter-weight tube of reliability as a conventional radar, mi the (jreat gamer the Netherlands, Norway, Greece, contains iron ballast and the batteries. must make it a good recommendation France and Federal Germany at a The buoy will give up to one year's as an anti-collision aid." preview in London recently: "The unattended service using filament or DUI In elimination of valves and thermionic cold cathode light sources Predictor is the first marine radar in devices is a fundamental move to* Maintenance requirements are kept the world to provide fully automatic, • Excellent Accommodation improve reliability of marine radar. to a minimum by use of colour plotting of all targets together with Instead we have used the latest solid impregnated glass reinforced plastic, rapid and automatic prediction of the Moderate Tariff state devices to produce a very high stainless steel lifting eye, mooring eye effect of a contemplated change in performance radar for shipping up to and radar reflector (optional), with course or speed. 6,000 tons or use as a second radar on foam filling for positive buoyancy in much larger vessels. Without the need for constant radar the event of serious collision damage, observation or manual plotting, the • Fully Licensed "We have produced a high and a neoprene fender unit provides a full six minutes of performance radar using entirely new Handling costs are inexpensive as radar history which is automatically techniques to obtain this performance, the buoy weighs only 835 lb. complete stored and up-dated and which can be without sophistication while achieving with cast iron ballast weight and 40 dry traced out rapidly on a screen. • Attractions Galore higher reliability. " cell batteries, providing a capacity of The prediction facility which has Decca has designed all components 100 amp./hr. Re-batterying may be given the equipment its name enables of the new RM914 and RM916 radars to carried out on station from the deck of a ship's officer to "dial in" a be underworked — so attaining long any convenient vessel. contemplated change of course and • Swimming in Crystal life. The aerial has been shaped to APPROVAL FOR BRITISH immediately check the relative tracks create less wind resistance, so that AN TI-COLLISION DEVICE of all targets on the display which Clear Water smaller motors and gears are needed After 12 months' rigorous testing would result from this possible new to drive it. through some of the world's most course.

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Page Ninety-tin TH! NAVY Nav.-OK.-J«n., 1970-71 serves the Navy afloat and ashore

Today's modern efficient Navy demands the most efficient a.td advanced equipment available for its ships and service facilities ashore. H.M.A.S. Sydney (above) is fitted with FACO Deck Cranes and L.C.M. Landing gear. The FAVCO travelling Gantry Crane is used at H.M.A.S. Platypus and is especially suitable for the handling of delicate precision equipment such as submarine periscopes. Navy supply ship H.M.A.S. Stalwart is also fitted with FAVCO Cranes.

FAVELLE MORT LIMITED,

300-310 BOTANY ROAD, ALEXANDRIA. NSW 2015 AUSTRALIA Telephone: 69-6651. Telegrams and Cables "Favhold", Sydney. Telex 21559 Victorian Branch: 11-13 Thiitlethwaite Street South Melbourne. Vic. 3205. Tel.: 69 7617-8 West Australian Branch: 55 Matheton Road. Applecrosi. W A 6153 Tel.: 64 5773.

Printed and published bv Perctval Publishing Co Pt\ Ltd 108 Henderson Koad Alexandria NSW phone 69-6231 with permission of the Navy League of Australia PLEASE NOTE

THIS MATERIAL WAS FILMED AT A REDUCTION RATIO 16.5x SOME PAGES IN THE ORIGINAL CONTAIN TIGHT BINDING, FLAWS AND OTHER DEFECTS WHICH APPEAR ON THE FILM