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Notas do Herbário da Estação Florestal Nacional 111

Bibliografia logia. Instituto Superior de Agronomia. [email protected]; Jorge Capelo; Depto. AGUIAR, C., 2000. Flora e vegetação da Serra da de Ecologia, Recursos Naturais e da Nogueira e do Parque Natural de Ambiente. Estação Florestal Nacional. Montesinho. Tese de Doutoramento. [email protected]; Anabela Instituto Superior de Agronomia. Lisboa. COSTA, J.C., AGUIAR, C., CAPELO, J., LOUSÃ, Amado; Parque Natural do Douro M., NETO, C., 1998. Biogeografia de Internacional, [email protected]; J. Portugal continental. Quercetea 0 : 5-56. Honrado; UGEV-CBIO/ICETA & Depto. COSTA, J.C., CAPELO, J., LOUSÃ, M., AGUIAR, Botânica, Universidade do Porto. C., 1993. Communautés de Juniperus au [email protected]; M. Dalila Espírito Portugal. Colloques Phytosociologiques 22 : Santo; Depto. Protecção de Plantas e 499-526. Fitoecologia. Instituto Superior de COSTA, J.C., CAPELO, J., LOUSÃ, M., ESPÍRITO Agronomia.; [email protected] & SANTO, M.D., 1998. Sintaxonomia da vege- tação halocasmofítica das falésias maríti- Mário Lousã; Depto. Protecção de mas portuguesas (Crithmo-Staticetea Br.-Bl. Plantas e Fitoecologia. Instituto Superior 1947). Itinera Geobotanica 11 : 227-247. de Agronomia. [email protected] COSTA, J.C., CAPELO, J., ESPÍRITO SANTO, M.D., LOUSÃ, M., 1998. Aditamentos à vegetação do Sector Divisório Português. Silva Lusitana 10(1) : 119-128. XXXIV: The vegetation of Madeira: II - RIVAS-MARTÍNEZ, S., DÍAZ, T.E., FERNÁNDEZ- woody caulirosetted communities of GONZÁLEZ, F., IZCO, J., LOIDI, J., LOUSÃ, evergreen forest clearings: Euphorbion M., PENAS, A., 2002. Vascular Plant Com- munities of Spain and Portugal. Adenda melliferae all. nova. to the syntaxonomical checklist of 2001. Part I. Itinera Geobotanica 15(1) : 5-432. The endemic caulirosetted micropha- nerophytes [with a rosette of leaves on Ao longo do texto e nas tabelas, os top of a long woody few-branched naked nomes das plantas vasculares estão stem] – e.g. Euphorbia mellifera, Isoplexis maioritariamente de acordo com a Flora sceptrum, Melanoselinum decipens, Iberica (CASTROVIEJO et al., 1986-2001) já Musschia wollastonii and Sonchus publicada; AMARAL FRANCO & ROCHA fruticosus – are among the most striking AFONSO (1998) para as gramíneas e Flora plants of Madeira Island. They are often Europaea (TUTIN et al., 1968-1980, 1993) found in the "levadas" artificial system of para os restantes grupos. A checklist de channels that runs through the Ocotea RIVAS-MARTÍNEZ, DÍAZ, F. DEZ- foetens forest [Clethro arboreae-Ocoteetum GONZÁLEZ, IZCO, LOIDI, LOUSA & foetentis]. These plants organize PENAS (2002) Itinera Geobotanica 15(2): themselves in a particular phytocoenosis 697-813 foi também considerada. Por – Isoplexido sceptri-Euphorbietum melliferae vezes os nomes estão abreviados até ao ass. nova. – that reflects a worldwide último epíteto infra-específico. recurrent phenomenon in forest ecosystems: the presence of plants Carlos Aguiar; Escola Superior Agrária adapted to cuts in the continuous crown de Bragança. Inst. Polit. Bragança. layer of dense forest, such as dry ravines, [email protected]; José Carlos Costa; forest clearings produced by tempests, Depto. Protecção de Plantas e Fitoeco- landslides and other natural

112 disturbances. "Levadas" are artificial suggests that the rank of alliance should simulations of these natural habitats. be used: Euphorbion melliferae. The Since irregular streams, with rocky biogeograhical scope of the proposed ground, found amidst the Pruno- alliance should include, most probably, Lauretalia forest share some of the above the vicariant Euphorbia mellifera domina- described habitat features, some ted communities also found in the caulirosetted elements are also found Canary Islands [c.f. RIVAS-MARTÍNEZ et there. Thus, the Isoplexido-Euphorbietum al. (1993), Itin. Geobot. 7: 169-364]. melliferae phytocoenosis is somewhat floristically and physiognomically * Euphorbion melliferae Capelo, J.C. similar to the Rhamno glandulosi- Costa, Jardim, Sequeira, Aguiar & Lousã Sambucetum lanceolati [riparian alliancia nova hoc loco higrophyllous leafy shrub community, [Typus: Isoplexido sceptri-Euphorbion see note XXXV], but can easily be melliferae Capelo, J.C. Costa, Jardim, Sequeira, differentiated from it by the absence of Aguiar & Lousã ass. nova; characteristic taxa: Rhamnus glandulosa and Sambucus Euphorbia mellifera, Isoplexis sceptrum*, lanceolata, the scarcity of escio- Melanoselinum decipens*, Musschia wollastonii hygrophilous ferns and the abundance of *, Sonchus fruticosus*; *territorial of Madeiran Trifolio-Geranietea characteristics. Province]. Affiliated to the Pruno hixae- Lauretalia novocanariensis Oberdorfer ex Rivas- The caulirosetted microphanerophy- Martínez et al. 1977 corr. Rivas-Martínez et al. tes share a common physiognomy 2002; PRUNO - LAURETEA NOVOCANARIENSIS Oberdorfer 1965 corr. Rivas-Martínez et al. [caulirosetted] and ecology [heliophyl- 2002]. lous], belonging to the same functional group [C-strategist in the primary 1 - Isoplexido sceptri-Euphorbietum strategies of GRIME, 2001, Plant Strategies, melliferae Capelo, J.C. Costa, Jardim, Vegetation Processes and Ecosystem Sequeira, Aguiar & Lousã associatio Proprieties] and many of them evolved nova hoc loco Sonchus from herbaceous ancestors (e.g. : [typus: relevé #2 table 1] KIM et al., 1996, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 7743-7748) that managed to adapt to [taxonomical nomenclature follows: PRESS an island without indigenous mammal & SHORT (1994) Flora of Madeira. BM. London; herbivores, once almost totally covered and also the checklist of taxa of RIVAS- by dense forest vegetation. A coarse MARTÍNEZ, DÍAZ, F.DEZ-GONZÁLEZ, IZCO, comparison can be made with the LOIDI, LOUSA & PENAS (2002) - Itinera Geobotanica 15(2): 697-813. Sometimes names Trifolio-Geranietea herbaceous vegetation, are shortened to the last infra-specific rank]. of which the caulirosulati would be a woody evolutionary equivalent. Aknowledgment: the authors would like to thank the most valuable support Phisiognomical, ecological and of the Direcção Regional de Florestas da floristical independence of this Secretaria Regional do Ambiente e Recursos vegetation, as a special type among Naturais da Região Autónoma da Madeira. forest groupings [Pruno-Lauretalia]

Notas do Herbário da Estação Florestal Nacional 113

Table 1 - Isoplexido sceptri-Euphorbietum Botânico da Madeira, Funchal, melliferae [email protected]. Miguel Sequeira; Depto. Biologia, # of relevé 1 2 3 Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, m.s.m. (1=10m) 102 102 . Area (m2) 400 400 300 [email protected]. Carlos Aguiar; Escola Aspect NW NW NE Superior Agrária de Bragança, cfaguiar Characteristic combination Euphorbia mellifera 2 3 3 @ipb.pt. Mário Lousã; Depto. Protecção Isoplexis sceptrum 1 2 1 de Plantas e Fitoecologia, Instituto Sonchus fruticosus 3 2 1 Erysimum bicolor 1 1 1 Superior de Agronomia, Lisboa, Melanoselinum decipiens 2 1 . mariolousa@isa. utl.pt. Musschia wollastonii 1 2 .

Characteristic of higher syntaxa Clethra arborea . 1 + Teline maderensis + . . XXXV: The vegetation of Madeira: III - Erica maderinicola + + Diplazio caudati-Perseetum indici ass. Rubus bollei + . . Rubia agostinhoi + . nova and Rhamno glandulosi- Vaccinium padifolium . + + Sambucetum lanceolati ass. nova: two Phyllis nobla 1 2 2 Sibthorpia peregrina . . 1 new hygrophillic forest associations Rosa mandonii . + . from Madeira Island . Ocotea foetens - pl. 1 Succisa pratensis + 1 . Origanum virens . + . Descriptions of forest vegetation of Geranium palmatum 1 2 1 Madeira Island included, so far, two Pericallis aurita + . + Bystropogon punctatus + 1 + types of climatophylous broadleaf forest Dactylorhiza foliosa + . . vegetation – Clethro arboreae-Ocoteetum Ageratina adenophora 1 . . Rubus bollei . + + foetentis and Semele androgynae- Argyranthemum pinnatifidum + + . Apollonietum barbujanae – with an Erigeron karvinskianus + 1 + Hypochaeris radicata . + . arboreal stratum respectively dominated Festuca donax + 1 . by two Lauraceae trees: Ocotea foetens [til] Pteris incompleta . + 1 Cirsium latifolium . + + and Apollonias barbujana [barbusano]. Tolpis macrorhyza . 1 . Recently, we discovered that the other Cedronella canariensis + . . Stegnogramma pozoi . + + Lauraceae Madeira's tree – Persea indica Arachniodes webbianum . + . [vinhático] – is the dominant tree in a Aichryson divaricatum + . + third type of broadleaf forest - Diplazio Ranunculus cortusifolius . + + Carex peregrina . + . caudati-Perseetum indici ass. nova. This is Blechnum spicant . + . an edaphohigrophylous forest, proper of Carex lowei . + + Dryopteris aitoniana . + . middle and lower-course permanent Davallia canariensis . + . streams, over fairly thick colluvial (rarely Brachypodium sylvaticum . 1 + Doodia caudata . + . alluvial) substrata. It ranges from the termomediterranean sub-humid stage to Sites: 1,2 Folhadal; 3: Fajã da Nogueira. the mesomediterranean humid stage. Its Jorge Capelo; Depto. de Ecologia, characteristic combination involves: Recursos Naturais e Ambiente. Estação Persea indica, Dryopteris aitoniana, Florestal Nacional, jorge.capelo@efn. Woodwardia radicans, Diplazium caudatum, com.pt. José C. Costa; Depto. Protecção Pteris incompleta, etc. Nowadays, the de Plantas e Fitoecologia, Instituto Diplazio-Perseetum indici is a rare Superior de Agronomia, Lisboa, jccosta@ phytocoenosis because Persea indica is a isa.utl.pt. Roberto Jardim; Jardim source of noble wood and many of its