sustainability Review The Evolution of Agricultural Drainage from the Earliest Times to the Present Mohammad Valipour 1,*, Jens Krasilnikof 2, Stavros Yannopoulos 3 , Rohitashw Kumar 4, Jun Deng 5, Paolo Roccaro 6, Larry Mays 7 , Mark E. Grismer 8 and Andreas N. Angelakis 9 1 Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research/Department of Meteorology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of History and Classical Studies, School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
[email protected] 3 Faculty of Engineering, School of Rural and Surveying Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
[email protected] 4 College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, India; rohituhf@rediffmail.com 5 Department of Water History Research, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China;
[email protected] 6 Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
[email protected] 7 School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
[email protected] 8 Departments of LAWR and Biological & Agricultural Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
[email protected] 9 Institute of Crete, National Foundation for Agricultural Research (N.AG.RE.F.), 71307 Iraklion and Hellenic Union of Municipal Enterprises for water Supply and Sewerage, 41222 Larissa, Greece;
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected] Received: 29 November 2019; Accepted: 19 December 2019; Published: 5 January 2020 Abstract: Agricultural developments require changes in land surface and subsurface hydraulic functions as protection from floods, reclamation of flooded land, irrigation, and drainage.