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The Minoan Epiphany: a Bronze Age Visionary Culture – Archaeological Evidence for Ecstatic Ritual and Altered States of Consciousness in Cretan Prehistory”

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The Minoan Epiphany: a Bronze Age Visionary Culture – Archaeological Evidence for Ecstatic Ritual and Altered States of Consciousness in Cretan Prehistory” Bruce Rimell Web: www.biroz.net/research.htm Artist & Independent Researcher Email: [email protected] “The Minoan Epiphany: A Bronze Age Visionary Culture – Archaeological Evidence for Ecstatic Ritual and Altered States of Consciousness in Cretan Prehistory” Bruce Rimell Rimell, Bruce (2020), The Minoan Epiphany: A Bronze Age Visionary Culture – Archaeological Evidence for Ecstatic Ritual and Altered States of Consciousness in Cretan Prehistory, Leeds-Bradford, UK: Xibalba Books (Electronic Publication), PDF available at url: http://www.biroz.net/xibalbabooks/research-minoan-epiphany.htm, dated August 2020 The art and iconography of the Minoan civilisation of Bronze Age Crete is rightly described as having a refreshing vitality with a fortunate combination of stylisation and spontaneity in which the artist is able to transform conventional imagery into a personal expression. The dynamism, torsion and naturalism evident in Minoan art stands in stark contrast to the hieratic rigidity of other ancient civilisations, and nowhere is this more apparent than in the iconography of the Minoan Epiphany, a set of mainly glyptic (rings, seals, and seal impression) images which appear to depict religious celebrants experiencing direct and seemingly ecstatic encounters with deities. This collection of essays explores this central aspect of Minoan religion, taking a strongly archaeological focus to allow the artefacts to speak for themselves, and moving from traditional ‘representational’ interpretations into ‘embodied’ perspectives in which the ecstatic capabilities of the human body throw new light on Aegean Bronze Age ritual practices. Such ideas challenge rather passive assumptions modern Western observers hold about the nature of religious feelings and experiences, in particular the depictions of altered states of consciousness in ancient art, and the visionary potential of dance gestures. Speculative asides on the potential for a Minoan origin for Classical Greek humanism, and hints in the imagery on ancient Cretan conceptions of the cosmos, are set against sound archaeological theories to explain this lively and dynamic corpus of images. Beautifully illustrated with images and sketches of the relevant artefacts, this wide- ranging volume will stimulate audiences with archaeological, prehistorical and spiritual interests, as well as historians of religion and art. ‘The Minoan Epiphany’ also represents an influential antecedent to the Visionary Humanist philosophy which forms the majority of Bruce’s current independent research interests. © Copyright 2020 Texts, artworks & artefact sketches: Bruce Rimell & Xibalba Books. This PDF Electronic Publication of “The Minoan Epiphany: A Bronze Age Visionary Culture” is made available for non-profit, educational purposes only and may not be re-sold, made into physical formats such as books, added to any subscription service, or uploaded to any other website, without the author’s specific written permission. This PDF Electronic Publication is made available only through the author’s website at www.biroz.net and via his Academia.edu portal. A version is also visible via Google Books. Bruce Rimell asserts his rights under UK and International Law to be recognised as the author of this work. © Copyright 2020 Artefact images, photographs & archaeological illustrations: See ‘About this Electronic Publication’ section. Artefact images, photographs & archaeological illustrations are copyrighted to the respective institutions detailed in the ‘About this Electronic Publication’ section on page 6 of this Electronic Publication, and are reproduced here under a Fair Usage Policy, which is also detailed in the ‘About this Electronic Publication’ section. THE MINOAN EPIPHANY A Bronze Age Visionary Culture Archaeological Evidence for Ecstatic Ritual and Altered States of Consciousness in Cretan Prehistory BRUCE RIMELL Xibalba Books (Electronic Publication) 2020 The Minoan Epiphany: A Bronze Age Visionary Culture – Archaeological Evidence for Ecstatic Ritual and Altered States of Consciousness in Cretan Prehistory Bruce Rimell 1. Archaeology - Aegean Prehistory 2. Archaeology - Minoan Civilisation 3. Archaeology - Aegean Bronze Age 4. Art - Aegean Art 5. Art - Greek Art 6. Religion - Prehistory 7. Archaeology - Embodied Archaeology 8 Psychedelic Studies - Altered States of Consciousness 9. Art - Engraving and Seal Images I. Rimell, Bruce Xibalba Books: www.biroz.net/xibalbabooks/ Citation: Rimell, Bruce (2020), The Minoan Epiphany: A Bronze Age Visionary Culture – Archaeological Evidence for Ecstatic Ritual and Altered States of Consciousness in Cretan Prehistory, Leeds-Bradford, UK: Xibalba Books (Electronic Publication), PDF available at url: http://www.biroz.net/ xibalbabooks/research-minoan-epiphany.htm, dated August 2020 Copyright © 2009-13, 2014-15 & 2020 Bruce Rimell & Xibalba Books: Texts, artworks & artefact sketches. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced without the express written permission of the author and publisher. Bruce Rimell asserts his right to be identified as the author of the artwork images and text contained within this book. Artefact images, photographs & archaeological illustrations are copyrighted to the institutions detailed in the ‘About this Electronic Publication’ section below, and are reproduced here under a Fair Usage Policy, which is also detailed in the ‘About this Electronic Publication’ section below. See page 6 for this section. Contents Acknowledgements 4 About the Author 5 About this Electronic Publication 6 Table of Original Citations of the Chapters 7 Introduction to the 2020 Edition 9 1. The Minoan Epiphany and the Epiphany Cycle (2013) 12 2. Review of Epiphany Artefacts #1 (2013) 46 3. Appendices to the 2013 Essay (2013) 104 4. The Zakro Master: A Bronze Age Cretan Visionary (2014) 122 5. Europa and the Minoan ‘Goddess From Beyond The Sea’ (2014) 128 6. The Isopata Ring: An Image of Minoan Trance (2014) 136 7. Enacted Epiphanies and the Birth of the Humanist in Minoan Art (2015) 145 8. Review of Epiphany Artefacts #2 (2020) 162 9. The Dancing Lady Fresco, Knossos: An Open Question (2020) 265 The ‘Minoan Epiphany’ Sketch Series (2013-20) 270 The ‘Minoan Cosmos’ Artwork (2020) 274 Bibliography 276 Directory of Chapters & Subsections 290 Acknowledgements Many people have influenced the direction of the various texts contained within the present volume, mainly through direct or online conversations and the sharing of archaeological, ethnographic and mythological data via online media. I should like to thank firstly Ionas Theodoros, for the many scintillating online conversations in which he related vast and detailed contexts of Eastern Mediterranean prehistory and imagery, as well as ethnographic information relating to survivals of ancient ritual practices into the Classical, mediaeval and early modern periods of the Aegean, drawing in some cases from his own family’s experience. I have much respect and gratitude also for Max Dashu, for numerous online conversations during the years 2008-13, and for her Suppressed Histories Archive, a rich and detailed archive of archaeological, ethnographic, prehistorical, historical and political information from a feminist perspective, and from which I have gleaned an array of insights into Minoan and wider prehistorical and Eastern Mediterranean cultural horizons. Thanks are also due to Thomas Imboden, for his insights during a time when the possibilities of a theatrical production along Minoan themes were being explored; and to Georgia Petrali, for her insights from the embodied perspective of a dancer deeply embedded within the landscapes of the island of Crete. This publication has been profoundly influenced by the work of many deeply insightful archaeologists of the Aegean Bronze Age, and I should like to name a few of the most prominent here: Nota Dimopoulou, Giorgos Rethmiotakis, Christine Morris, Alan Peatfield, Marina L. Moss, Erin Ruth McGowan, Peter Warren and Konstantinos Galanakis. Their perceptive explorations of Minoan religion as evidenced in the corpus of glyptic images shaped this text in myriad ways, and while any and all errors - and I’m sure there are many! - are wholly my own, I continue to express my gratitude for their academic work. As ever, my greatest appreciation goes to my husband Chris, for his constant and unwavering support for my artistic and independent research lives, and for providing a wonderful space to let my mind wander. Without him, the interdisciplinary work in this volume would not be remotely possible, and so my deepest love and gratitude remains always with him. Bruce Rimell, August 2020 4 About the Author Bruce Rimell is a visual artist, poet and independent researcher, whose work explores the visionary, the archaeological, and the interactions of the cognitive and the ethnographic. His original academic background was astrophysics, but his love of ‘origins’ and regular interventions of migraine experiences since childhood led him upon a humanist quest towards prehistory, archaeology, the ethnography of myth and the evolutionary anthropology of human origins. The fusion of these elements led to a creative and synthetic approach to thinking about ourselves which forms the bedrock of his research, and indeed his perceptual world. At length, he became an artist upon seeing that the painted image could act as an important vehicle for that approach, which seeks ultimately to bring the most ancient and primordial human archetypes into the modern field of
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