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The Story of an Endangered Garnish?

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The Story of an Endangered Garnish? Inventory & Monitoring National Park Service Pacific Island Network U.S. Department of the Interior What Lies in the Furthest Reaches of Kahuku Plant Highlights The Story Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park? The native Hawaiian fern Polystichum of an haleakalense was found within the In 2011, the Inventory and Monitoring Like most of Kahuku, this area subalpine shrubland community on (I&M) vegetation team monitored continues to be significantly impacted Endangered Mauna Loa volcano within Hawai‘i wet forest and subalpine shrubland by grazing, ground disturbance, and Volcanoes National Park. Prior to this plant communities in the Kahuku unit soil compaction from ungulates such Garnish? collection, P. haleakalense was only of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park as cattle, mouflon, sheep, and pigs. The known from Haleakalā and Mauna Last July, while in the field with the (HAVO). The extensive pasture, wet extent of this impact is evident by the Kea volcanoes. Ka‘upu (Polystichum Inventory & Monitoring vegetation forest, woodland, subalpine shrubland, remnant vegetation composition. Before hillebrandii), a rare fern to the park was monitoring team conducting lava flow, and cinder field plant these mammals were present, this area also recorded. These ferns represent two USGS photo surveys in the remote northwest communities found within Kahuku was a native woodland dominated by of the three endemic Polystichum species region of Kahuku, we found a single offer both unique opportunities and naio (Myoporum sandwicense) and found in Hawaii. Spermolepis hawaiiensis. This plant challenges for resource managers. māmane (Sophora chrysophylla) trees The māmane (Sophora is a federally listed endangered with diverse native shrubs and grasses chrysophylla) -naio species in the parsley family Few vegetation studies have been in the understory. Although some of (Myoporum sandwicense) (although not the kind sprinkled conducted in Kahuku and none have the older trees are still present, there on pasta) that had not been seen The only realistic way to access the remote woodland community in the monitored plant community dynamics. are few young trees to take their place. northwest corner of Kahuku is by helicopter. northwest corner of Kahuku is rare in Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National A baseline inventory survey by HAVO Furthermore, a groundcover of mostly in the park and highly threatened Park since 1944. Known only from staff (2006) identified important non-native herbs now blankets large by feral goats, sheep, and pigs. The a single collection (Fagerlund & regions with rare native plants and sections of the landscape. loss of māmane trees from feral Mitchell 557) within the historical regions with invasive plants. These data animals in similar woodlands on section of HAVO, this species was aided resource managers in the initial Monitoring data from rarely visited Mauna Kea is thought to be the presumed to have been eliminated development of management priorities, areas of the park such as the northwest primary reason the palila (Loxioides from the park. but long-term plant community corner of Kahuku provide park bailleui), a Hawaiian honeycreeper, monitoring data are needed to managers with an important glimpse at is critically endangered. Today, palila In September, two quantify future changes and assess the the condition of these remote vegetation are restricted to less than 10% of HAVO resource effectiveness of management practices. communities. These data provide a This rare native Hawaiian fern, Polysitichum their historical range and the park’s managers and haleakalense, was found in Kahuku. basic understanding of the amount and māmane-naio woodland represents a myself flew back to The I&M vegetation crew spent the past types of plant species in each part of the potential new introduction site. northwest Kahuku six months monitoring 60 plots (20 x forest as well as identify new and rare and erected a 50 m each) in wet forest and subalpine species. Monitoring data also provide The I&M vegetation team surveys a plot small exclosure shrubland communities of Kahuku. a way for park managers to compare through former pastureland. Non-native A number of new around the plant Field crews worked closely with different regions of forest or shrublands grasses carpet the ground. non-native herbs were A large patch of pōpolo kū mai (Phytolacca to protect it from HAVO staff to ensure employee safety throughout the park and region. documented in Kahuku. sandwicensis) was found just outside of a monitoring non-native grazing –C. Yanger, NPS during feral ungulate hunts, protect These naturalized herbs plot within the former pasture section of Kahuku. animals. While Biological Technician archeological resources, and coordinate The I&M vegetation team will continue present yet another threat Pōpolo kū mai is rare to the park and this patch the plant has since –A. Ainsworth, NPS fieldwork. to collaborate with park staff on field to the remaining native is particularly important because it will serve as died (Spermolepis Botanist excursions to pool plant communities: a critical seed source for resource management’s are annual), park In July, a group of HAVO and I&M staff resources, and ongoing wet forest reforestation efforts. managers were able A lone mämane flew to the remote northwest corner ensure prompt • lesser swinecress to collect seeds tree symbolizes (Coronopus didymus) of Kahuku (6,900 ft) via helicopter. data sharing. All the havoc that for propagation. During this trip, an endangered parsley field data and grazing animals • alfilaria We are hopeful This patch (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), rare endemic summary reports have on native (Erodium cicutarium) of pöpolo that with the protection from the ecosystems. • corn speedwell fern (Polystichum haleakalense), rare for HAVO will kü mai exclosure, a new population will Saplings have seasonal endemic stinging nettle be available this (Veronica arvensis) (Phytolacca establish and this rare species will been quickly (Hesperocnide sandwicensis), and seven spring. The I&M • necklace weed sandwicensis) eaten for once again be found within Hawai’i (Veronica peregrina) is a rare and non-native herbaceous species new team is gearing generations, Volcanoes National Park. exciting find. to Kahuku were documented. The up for an exciting leaving only the • Achyranthes aspera identification of certain rare species field season in older, gnarled • American carrot –M. Wasser, NPS-HAVO in this section of Kahuku warranted the wet forests of trees. Once these (Daucus pusilis) Botanical Field Technician immediate management action (see Haleakalā NP and trees die, will • small-flowered catchfly there be any sidebar on the far right). Kalaupapa NHP in (Silene gallica) more mämane? Note: Above photos of Spermolepis and 2012. exclosure are not to scale Featured Resource December 2011.
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