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Эдвард Григ Edvard Grieg

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Эдвард Григ Edvard Grieg эдвард григ НА СОВЕРШЕННЫХ ВЫСОТАХ EDVARD GRIEG EXQUISITE HEIGHTS Выход в 1997 году полнометражного 12-серийного отечествен- The 1997 release of the Russian animated feature film “Neznayka on ного мультфильма «Незнайка на Луне» открыл мир искусства the Moon” (Know-nothing on the Moon) opened up the world of Эдварда Грига, и без того популярного, ещё для одной части рос- Edvard Grieg’s music, already popular, to a new part of the Russian сийской аудитории. Теперь даже совсем маленькие дети иногда public. Now, even small children sometimes ask who wrote the music задают вопрос: кто автор музыки песен из «Незнайки»? Прекрас- to “Neznayka” – the beautiful, catchy songs that became an essential ных, легко запоминающихся мелодий, которые являются неотъ- part of this kind, witty and illuminating tale of fantastic adventures and емлемой частью доброй, остроумной и поучительной сказки о dreams, of growing up and, finally, of nostalgia and the long-awaited фантастических приключениях, о взрослении и мечте, наконец, return home. о ностальгии и долгожданном возвращении домой. Wherever we find ourselves, even for years, «Где б ни были мы даже долгие года, Our hearts still always long for home… Сердцами домой устремляемся всегда», – Thus sings the film’s character Romashka (the Russian word means поёт сказочная жительница Ромашка на мотив григовской «Пес- “daisy”), who dwells in a fairytale land, to the melody of Grieg’s ни Сольвейг». И сердце ноет, и слух пристрастно следит за ме- “Solveig’s Song”, a symbol of waiting and longing, of endless devotion ланхолическими вздохами обманчиво-простой и словно бы за- and eternal love. The hearts aches as we hear the melancholy sighs of ранее знакомой мелодии. Когда-то она была сочинена для иного, the deceptively simple and familiar tune, once composed for words that но по смыслу родственного текста: are different but similar in spirit: «Зима пройдёт и весна промелькнёт, The winter may pass and the spring disappear, Увянут все цветы, снегом их занесёт, The summer, too, will vanish and then the year; И ты ко мне вернёшься – мне сердце говорит…». But this I know for certain: you’ll come back again… Песня Сольвейг – символ ожидания и тоски, бесконечной верно- Both the music and the very name of Edvard Grieg are inextricably сти и вечной любви. Одна из немногих музыкальных тем, ассоци- linked to Norway – to this day, the composer remains the most ирующихся в представлениях слушателей всего мира именно с significant representative of his country’s musical arts. этим кругом образов. However, the story of Russian-Norwegian musical ties includes other Так же творчество и собственно имя Эдварда Грига в первую оче- linked historical and concert events, as well as common stylistic редь и неразрывно связываются с Норвегией, самым крупным elements – it is larger and more diverse than the twists and turns of представителем музыкального искусства которой композитор яв- a single, albeit outstanding, biography. As early as 1838, the virtuoso ляется и поныне. Однако в целом продолжающийся сюжет рус- violinist Ole Bull (1810-1880) came to St. Petersburg with his first ско-норвежских музыкальных взаимоотношений, исторических, concert tour – Bull’s name was also inseparably connected to the концертных, стилевых переплетений, много шире и разнообраз- founding of the famous Norwegian Theatre in Bergen in the 1850s, нее, чем повороты одной-единственной, хотя бы и выдающейся, the first theatre to perform in the Norwegian language. In 1880, at the биографии. Уже в 1838 году с гастролями в Петербург впервые invitation of Anton Rubinstein, Edmund Neupert (1842-1888)1 joined прибыл замечательный виртуоз, скрипач Оле (Уле) Булл (1810– the Moscow Conservatory as a professor of the piano; Neupert, the 1880), чья деятельность также неотделима от возникновения best Scandinavian pianist of his time, was the first to perform both НОРВЕГИЯ - РОССИЯ: НА ПЕРЕКРЕСТКАХ КУЛЬТУР 142 I HAVSNØD ЭДВАРД ГРИГ С БРАТОМ ЮНОМ В ЛЕЙПЦИГЕ. 1860. ФОТОГРАФИЯ / EDVARD GRIEG AND HIS BROTHER JOHN IN LEIPZIG. 1860. PHOTO. EDVARD GRIEG MUSEUM TROLDHAUGEN ТАЛИСМАН ЭДВАРДА ГРИГА – ЛЯГУШКА, ПРИНОСЯЩАЯ СЧАСТЬЕ EDVARD GRIEG’S MASCOT. THE LUCKY FROG NORWAY - RUSSIA: ON THE CROSSROADS OF CULTURES 143 ЭДВАРД ГРИГ С МУЗЫКАНТАМИ ОРКЕСТРА КОНЦЕРТГЕБАУ. 1898. ФОТОГРАФИЯ / EDVARD GRIEG AND THE CONCERTGEBOUW ORCHESTRA. 1898. PHOTO в начале 1850-х знаменитого Норвежского театра в Бергене – пер- Grieg’s Piano Concerto (in spring 1869, Copenhagen) and Rubinstein’s вого театра, где спектакли шли на норвежском языке. В 1880 году Third Piano Concerto (summer 1869, in Christiania, now Oslo); 15 years по приглашению Николая Рубинштейна пост профессора фор- later, in April 1884, Rubinstein’s concerts in the Norwegian capital тепианного класса в Московской консерватории занял Эдмунд were a fantastic success. More than that, by the turn of the 19th-20th Нойперт (1842–1888)1 – лучший пианист Скандинавии, первый centuries, the Russian public was already familiar with the names of исполнитель Фортепианного концерта Грига (весна 1869 г., Ко- such composers as Johan Svendsen (1840-1911), Christian Sinding (1856- пенгаген) и первый в Норвегии исполнитель Третьего концерта 1941), and Johan Halvorsen (1864-1935). Антона Рубинштейна (лето 1869 г., Кристиания, ныне Осло), спу- стя 15 лет (в апреле 1884) выступавшего в норвежской столице с Grieg’s contemporaries formed the first generation of Norwegian фантастическим успехом 2. Наконец, к рубежу XIX–XX столетий musicians to attract real attention in enlightened Europe, due precisely в России стали хорошо известны имена композиторов Юхана to their shared artistic convictions. Theirs was a generation of like- Свендсена (1840–1911), Кристиана Синдинга (1856–1941) и Юхана minded, professionally trained, ambitious men who sought to take their Хальворсена (1864–1935). country’s art across its geographical borders. However, Edvard Grieg remains the only Norwegian musician to have achieved the broadest Бесспорно, что музыкальные современники Грига составили ге- recognition worldwide. Grieg happened also to be the only one of нерацию, впервые по-настоящему заинтересовавшую просве- Tchaikovsky’s contemporaries – the composer was genuinely fond of щённую Европу именно единством творческих убеждений. Это his company – whom the latter openly referred to as a “genius”. Later было поколение единомышленников, профессионально обучен- Maurice Ravel would single Grieg out as one of the foreign masters ных 3, честолюбивых и, главное, стремившихся вывести дости- who had significant influence on French music. жения искусства родной страны за её географические границы. Тем не менее с тех пор и до сих пор единственным норвежским Over time, Grieg’s music lost its distinct “national” status; its intonations, музыкантом, добившимся широчайшего мирового признания, once perceived as folk-based, became a part of world heritage. The остаётся Эдвард Григ. Он был также и единственным из живших cool and unexpected harmonies; sharp, irregular and unusual rhythms; композиторов, кого П.И. Чайковский, с удовольствием с ним об- registers cleverly echoing each other; the intervals softly “touching”, щавшийся, прямо назвал гениальным 4, а М. Равель – правда, уже and the boundless melody that covers enormous spaces – all of that позже – отметил в качестве зарубежного мастера, значительно is Grieg. He was an admirer of the Italian countryside and the serene повлиявшего на современную ему французскую музыку. northern sun; a thoughtful traveller, whose path always took him НОРВЕГИЯ - РОССИЯ: НА ПЕРЕКРЕСТКАХ КУЛЬТУР 144 I HAVSNØD С течением времени искусство Грига утратило отчётливый на- home; a musician who persistently sought prominence and yet ended циональный статус: интонации, некогда воспринимавшиеся в up missing the most important premieres of his works. Contradictions качестве опосредованно-народных, теперь стали общемировым and inconsistences abound in both Grieg’s life and his work; as a whole достоянием. Холодноватые и неожиданные гармонии; резкие, though, they unfailingly balance each other out and create an image of неравномерные, непривычные ритмы; остроумные переклички the musician far removed from romantic stereotypes. регистров; мягкие касания интервалов и свободная, охватываю- щая огромное пространство мелодия – всё это он, Григ. Поклон- Edvard Grieg was born in Bergen, an ancient city “where it always ник итальянской природы и неагрессивного северного солнца. rains”, and the legendary capital of the Norwegian fjords, the deep and Заинтересованный путешественник, чьи дороги всегда вели к narrow sea water inlets surrounded by high and steep cliffs. Grieg’s дому. Музыкант, добивавшийся известности и пропустивший parents were sufficiently educated and well-off to provide all their важные премьеры своих сочинений. В жизни, в творчестве Грига three children (two boys and a girl) with the opportunity to choose достаточно противоречий и несоответствий; взятые в сумме, они their occupation according to their calling. Their father paid for not закономерным образом уравновешивают друг друга, создавая only Edvard’s tuition at Leipzig Conservatory, but for his brother’s as облик художника, далёкий от романтических стереотипов. well (Grieg’s brother went on to become a first-class cellist). Later, when Grieg went travelling to foreign lands in search of rounded Эдвард Григ родился в Бергене – старинном городе, «где всегда experiences, his father paid for that, too. The family did not oppose дождь», легендарной столице новежских фьордов – узких и глу- Grieg’s musical career;
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