DOCSLIB.ORG

The History of Chivalry and Armour Ebook

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

THE HISTORY OF CHIVALRY AND ARMOUR PDF, EPUB, EBOOK F. Kottenkamp | 128 pages | 29 Mar 2007 | Dover Publications Inc. | 9780486457420 | English | New York, United States The History of Chivalry and Armour PDF Book Project Gutenberg 0 editions. Original Title. Deed of Arms: Knights in Action. Your use of the site and services is subject to these policies and terms. References to this work on external resources. Students will learn to create the escutcheon shield outline and the proper way to blazon create and describe a coat of arms within the proper rules of heraldry. Email Required. By: Dr. Deed of Arms Learning Objectives. Revel in meticulously rendered lances, spears, and spiked clubs, as well as incredibly engineered mobile siege towers and muskets. Local Book Search. Tales of King Arthur Learning Objectives. Music Learning Objectives. Students will get to see the skills necessary to forge iron into useful items, and learn about the practice of trade for medieval blacksmiths, and other talented artisans of the period. My heaume weighs about 3kg, and was hand rivetted from curved steel plates — there are no compound curves and complicated beating was not required during its construction. A variety of colours were used, although generally each leg was the same colour. I have deleted several obsolete links and comments that were in the original text; these deletions are noted with ellipses in square brackets [. Full Plate Armour — introduced during the 15th, weighting around 50 lbs, specially created to safely protect the Medieval Knights, but light enough to fast mobility. Katie marked it as to-read May 30, Or, did you ever look at an armadillo and see it was wearing armor just like the knights of old? Even those linguistic and cultural achievements which contemporary thinkers would be quick to consider part of the inheritance of the Indo-European pastoralists are credited in the author's mind to Germans. It may very well be a development of a cuir-bouilli boiled leather torso protection that proceeded it, but the presence of a surcotte on almost all illustrations makes accurate analysis difficult. Open Preview See a Problem? A visual and literary feast, The History of Chivalry and Armour is a study of medieval knights in all their grandeur, fully displaying their instruments of siege, ornaments, and entertainments. We are made by history. Mark Mirabello rated it really liked it Dec 23, This classroom talk will focus on an important part of the ceremony, the meditative period known as the vigil, as a means of understanding the role of knights in medieval society and the values of the code of chivalry they were expected to follow. Ratings and Reviews Write a review. This gave the knight the possibility of having good mobility while still being strong. See all 3 brand new listings. Even today, the weapons of a knight still raise curiosity and interest for many people collectors and people who are interested in medieval history. Hold the museum in the palm of your hand! Matthew rated it really liked it Jul 31, The History of Chivalry and Armour Writer This is why knowing both the disadvantages and advantages of their armor may help us better understand how these ancient medieval battles were fought. Knights were presented as pious, generous and merciful. Chain Mail — this piece was used for extra protection underneath the knights armor, thus protecting any areas that may have been exposed, creating weak spots. Subject to credit approval. My heaume weighs about 3kg, and was hand rivetted from curved steel plates — there are no compound curves and complicated beating was not required during its construction. A visual and literary feast, The History of Chivalry and Armour is a study of medieval knights in all their grandeur, fully displaying their instruments of siege, ornaments, and entertainments. Full Plate Armour — introduced during the 15th, weighting around 50 lbs, specially created to safely protect the Medieval Knights, but light enough to fast mobility. Still, Wollock argues that chivalry did go well beyond the simple need for a disciplined military. It is common knowledge that back in the medieval times knights represented an elite warrior group and this is why the blacksmiths that created their armor designed it to be practical, functional and also decorative. Interest will be charged to your account from the purchase date if the balance is not paid in full within 6 months. My hauberk includes mittens and as suggested earlier the palms of these mittens are leather and are stitched to the surrounding mail. Medieval Costume, Armour and Weapons. Select all Add selected to cart. Curators' Corner. Martha Carlin, 30 September Medieval Weapons That Maimed and Killed. Hold the museum in the palm of your hand! Books by Franz Kottenkamp. They represented a dream and today they represent part of our history. Show More Show Less. Made in partnership with a small charity in Thailand that helps disadvantaged rural women Current Stock:. Please review the image carefully for condition and contact us with any questions. Color plates very good. Featured: Ask Smithsonian. Slightly later periods clearly show seperate mail hoods, but these would appear to be unusual in our era. Ratings and Reviews Write a review. But during the Middle Ages , the code was established for much grittier reasons. The development of chivalry went hand-in-hand with the rise of knights—heavily armored, mounted warriors from elite backgrounds—starting around the time of the Norman conquest of England in First Name. A knights armor became a defining characteristic of Knights in battle, representing the military unit and also was a perfect way to show off their social class, as only the wealthy could afford such expensive armor and equipment. I really enjoyed this book. Make an offer:. Noran Miss Pumkin rated it it was amazing Nov 29, Options as a Strategic Investment by Lawrence G. The world chivalry itself comes from the Medieval Latin caballarius , meaning horseman. It may very well be a development of a cuir-bouilli boiled leather torso protection that proceeded it, but the presence of a surcotte on almost all illustrations makes accurate analysis difficult. Privacy Policy. The History of Chivalry and Armour Reviews Reduced plate armour, typically consisting of a breastplate, a burgonet, morion or cabasset and gauntlets, however, also became popular among 16th century mercenaries and there are many references to so-called munition armour being ordered for infantrymen at a fraction of the cost of full plate armour. The dissolution of the frankish empire, under the successors of Charlemagne, which effected vital changes in the condition in France, Germany, and Italy, had been already provoked during the reign of that monarch. Many sallets were worn with an extended, padded, gorget called a bevor that protected the wearer's jaw. Apprentice Workshops - get your students in on the action, letting a whole class discover a hands-on craft or activity. It was most commonly used by Men-at-arms. Vambrace or Lower Cannon of Vambrace 14th C. Add an artistic accent to your holiday decor or brighten up a room year-round with this handmade ornament of the Museum. The picture plates are very nice, but I wish the pictures were closer to the text that describes them instead of in a separate section. The helmet also had a series of small holes around the bottom edge of the helmet and the face hole. The increasing weight and thickness of late 16th century armour therefore gave substantial resistance. Great helm. It allowed horses to pull greater weight than they could when hitched to a vehicle by means of yokes or breastcollars used in earlier times. Falconry: Hunting with Birds of Prey. They are mentioned by Tacitus in various places, under the designation of "nobiles," or "principes," in contradistinction to the plebeian orders. The Antrustiones, as has been noticed, had their followers, who were composed of freemen and villeins. Two styles of attaching the visor existed. Noran Miss Pumkin rated it it was amazing Nov 29, Mail-clad warriors typically wore separate rigid, helms over their mail coifs for head protection. As the fourteenth century advanced, the cuirass came into general use, in connection with plate defences for the limbs, until, at the close of the century, the long familiar inter-linked mail is no longer visible in knightly figures, except in the camail of the bascinet and at the edge of the hauberk. Revel in meticulously rendered lances, spears, and spiked clubs, as well as incredibly engineered mobile siege towers and muskets. It is possible for a fit and trained man in armour to run after and catch an unarmoured archer, as witnessed in re- enactment combat. A knights armor became a defining characteristic of Knights in battle, representing the military unit and also was a perfect way to show off their social class, as only the wealthy could afford such expensive armor and equipment. From their introduction, muskets could pierce plate armour, so cavalry had to be far more mindful of the fire. The sword was definitely a standard fighting weapon that was created before the appearance of the medieval knight. Medieval Costume, Armour and Weapons. Dancing and music were important elements of courtly life, and festive holiday celebrations in the Middle Ages, and students will participate in multiple group dances all students taking part representing both courtly aristocratic and country folk dances of the period. It was quite often more expensive than plate armour. The descriptions below give you a menu of possibilities to choose from, whether your goal is a one-hour classroom talk, or a day-long multi-station event. Probably the most recognised style of armour in the World became the plate armour associated with the knights of the European Late Middle Ages, but continuing to the early 17th century Age of Enlightenment in all European countries.
Recommended publications
  • Stab Resistant Body Armour

    Stab Resistant Body Armour

    IAN HORSFALL STAB RESISTANT BODY ARMOUR COLLEGE OF DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF PhD CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY ENGINEERING SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF PhD 1999-2000 IAN HORSFALL STAB RESISTANT BODY ARMOUR SUPERVISOR DR M. R. EDWARDS MARCH 2000 ©Cranfield University, 2000. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the written permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT There is now a widely accepted need for stab resistant body armour for the police in the UK. However, very little research has been done on knife resistant systems and the penetration mechanics of sharp projectiles are poorly understood. This thesis explores the general background to knife attack and defence with a particular emphasis on the penetration mechanics of edged weapons. The energy and velocity that can be achieved in stabbing actions has been determined for a number of sample populations. The energy dissipated against the target was shown to be primarily the combined kinetic energy of the knife and the arm of the attacker. The compliance between the hand and the knife was shown to significantly affect the pattern of energy delivery. Flexibility and the resulting compliance of the armour was shown to have a significant effect upon the absorption of this kinetic energy. The ability of a knife to penetrate a variety of targets was studied using an instrumented drop tower. It was found that the penetration process consisted of three stages, indentation, perforation and further penetration as the knife slides through the target. Analysis of the indentation process shows that for slimmer indenters, as represented by knives, frictional forces dominate, and indentation depth becomes dependent upon the coefficient of friction between indenter and sample.
  • From Knights' Armour to Smart Work Clothes

    From Knights' Armour to Smart Work Clothes

    September 16, 2020 Suits of steel: from knights’ armour to smart work clothes From traditional metal buttons to futuristic military exoskeletons, which came to the real world from the pages of comics. From the brigandines of medieval dandies to modern fire-resistant clothing for hot work areas. Steel suits have come a long way, and despite a brief retreat caused by a “firearm”, they are again conquering the battlefields and becoming widely used in cutting-edge operations. Ancestors of skins and cotton wool The first armour that existed covered the backs of warriors. For the Germanic tribes who attacked the Roman Empire, it was not considered shameful to escape battle. They protected their chests by dodging, while covering their backs, which became vulnerable when fleeing, with thick animal skins over the shoulders. Soldiers of ancient Egypt and Greece wore multi-layer glued and quilted clothes as armour. Mexican Aztecs faced the conquistadors in quilted wadded coats a couple of fingers thick. In turn, the Spanish borrowed the idea from the Mexicans. In medieval Europe, such protective clothing was widely used up to the 16th century. The famous Caucasian felt cloak also began life as armour. Made of wool using felting technology, it was invulnerable against steel sabres , arrows and even some types of bullets. Metal armour: milestones Another ancient idea for protective clothing was borrowed from animals. The scaled skin of pangolins was widely used as armour by Indian noble warriors, the Rajputs. They began to replicate a scaly body made of copper back in ancient Mesopotamia, then they began to use brass and later steel.
  • Saint Demetrios of Thessaloniki

    Saint Demetrios of Thessaloniki

    Master of Philosophy Faculty of Arts University of Glasgow Saint Demetrios of Thessaloniki By Lena Kousouros Christie's Education London Master's Programme September 2000 ProQuest Number: 13818861 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 13818861 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ^ v r r ARV- ^ [2,5 2 . 0 A b stract This thesis intends to explore the various forms the representations of Saint Demetrios took, in Thessaloniki and throughout Byzantium. The study of the image of Saint Demetrios is an endeavour of considerable length, consisting of numerous aspects. A constant issue running throughout the body of the project is the function of Saint Demetrios as patron Saint of Thessaloniki and his ever present protective image. The first paper of the thesis will focus on the transformation of the Saint’s image from courtly figure to military warrior. Links between the main text concerning Saint Demetrios, The Miracles, and the artefacts will be made and the transformation of his image will be observed on a multitude of media.
  • Page 0 Menu Roman Armour Page 1 400BC - 400AD Worn by Roman Legionaries

    Page 0 Menu Roman Armour Page 1 400BC - 400AD Worn by Roman Legionaries

    Roman Armour Chain Mail Armour Transitional Armour Plate Mail Armour Milanese Armour Gothic Armour Maximilian Armour Greenwich Armour Armour Diagrams Page 0 Menu Roman Armour Page 1 400BC - 400AD Worn by Roman Legionaries. Replaced old chain mail armour. Made up of dozens of small metal plates, and held together by leather laces. Lorica Segmentata Page 1 100AD - 400AD Worn by Roman Officers as protection for the lower legs and knees. Attached to legs by leather straps. Roman Greaves Page 1 ?BC - 400AD Used by Roman Legionaries. Handle is located behind the metal boss, which is in the centre of the shield. The boss protected the legionaries hand. Made from several wooden planks stuck together. Could be red or blue. Roman Shield Page 1 100AD - 400AD Worn by Roman Legionaries. Includes cheek pieces and neck protection. Iron helmet replaced old bronze helmet. Plume made of Hoarse hair. Roman Helmet Page 1 100AD - 400AD Soldier on left is wearing old chain mail and bronze helmet. Soldiers on right wear newer iron helmets and Lorica Segmentata. All soldiers carry shields and gladias’. Roman Legionaries Page 1 400BC - 400AD Used as primary weapon by most Roman soldiers. Was used as a thrusting weapon rather than a slashing weapon Roman Gladias Page 1 400BC - 400AD Worn by Roman Officers. Decorations depict muscles of the body. Made out of a single sheet of metal, and beaten while still hot into shape Roman Cuiruss Page 1 ?- 400AD Chain Mail Armour Page 2 400BC - 1600AD Worn by Vikings, Normans, Saxons and most other West European civilizations of the time.
  • Expedition Conquistador Brochure

    Expedition Conquistador Brochure

    EXPEDITION CONQUISTADOR Traveling Exhibit Proposal The Palm Beach Museum of Natural History Minimum Requirements 500-3,500 sq. ft. (variable, based on available space) of display area 8-12 ft ceiling clearance Available for 6-8 week (or longer) periods Expedition Conquistador takes three to seven days to set up and take down Assistance by venue staff may be required to unload, set up and break down the exhibit Venue provides all set up/break down equipment, including pallet jacks, fork lift, etc. Structure of Exhibit Basic: Armored Conquistador Diorama – (3 foot soldiers or 1 mounted on horse, 120 sq. ft.) Maps and Maritime Navigation Display Weapons and Armor Display Trade in the New World Display Daily Life and Clothing Display American Indian Weaponry and material culture (contemporary 16th century) Optional: First Contact Diorama (explorers, foot soldiers, sailors, priests, American Indians) American Indian Habitation Diorama Living History Component Both the basic and optional versions of Expedition Conquistador can be adjusted via the modification of the number of displays to accommodate venues with limited exhibition space. We welcome your questions regarding “Expedition Conquistador” For additional information or to book reservations please contact Rudolph F. Pascucci The Palm Beach Museum of Natural History [email protected] (561) 729-4246 Expedition Conquistador Expedition Conquistador provides the The beginnings of European colonization in public with a vision of what life was like for the New World began a series of violent the earliest European explorers of the New changes. Cultures and technology both World as they battled to claim territory, clashed on a monumental basis.
  • Constructing a Heavy-List Gambeson Tips and Techniques

    Constructing a Heavy-List Gambeson Tips and Techniques

    Constructing a Heavy-List Gambeson Tips and Techniques Lady Magdalena von Regensburg mka Marla Berry [email protected] July 16, 2005 An Historic Overview “Mail is tough but flexible; it resists a cutting sword-stroke but needs a padded or quilted undergarment as a shock absorber against a heavy blow.”1 Quilted garments were part of soldiers’ kits in varying forms and with varying names throughout most of the SCA timeline. As early as the late Roman/early Byzantine period there is documentation for quilted or padded coats called Zabai or Kabadia.2 Illuminations from Maciejowski Bible (circa 1250) show aketons or gambesons. “These terms seem to have been interchangeable but the weight of evidence From “Jonathan and his Armor- suggests that ‘aketon’ refers to garments worn under the mail while bearer Attack the Philistines,” gambesons were worn over or instead of it...The gambeson is often from the Maciejowski Bible, referred to in contemporary accounts as being worn by the common circa 1250. soldiery and, indeed, is part of the equipment required by the Assize of Arms of 1185 of Edward I of England.”3 Extant examples from the fourteenth century include the pourpoint of Charles de Blois (d. 1364) and the late fourteenth century jupon of Charles VI. Fifteenth century documents mention arming doublets and padded jacks. These garments were worn under maille, over maille, under plate, over plate, or on their own. Some were designed to encase maille or plate. “Infantry, as laid down in the Assize of Arms of 1182, often wore one of two types of gambeson.
  • Courier Gazette, Saturday, August 7 1897

    Courier Gazette, Saturday, August 7 1897

    Rockland Gazette The Largest Rockland Tribune Circulation Union Times In Eastern Maine C onsolidated .March 17, 1897 T he Courier-Gazette. T W / C H - A - W H H K . TUESDAY AND SATURDAY. Two Dollars a Year R ockland Maine Srturday August 7 ’897 Vol. 52. No. 52 __ ________ .. .. 1 _____ ____ _____ A REBEL IN MAINE WATERS IN A CORNER OF THE LIBRARY [)O YOU KNOW THAT winds being light but still strong enough to bring the craft into the circle of destruction, Concrete Walk on I.hnerock Street nnd One Palr-Ia Klnhty One and tbe Other Fligh­ and she was soon another prize to this ocean Prosper Merrlmee's "Letters to an U n­ How the Confederate Cruiser Tallahassee Stenin Boiler Knocked Out — Enoch ty .Three yenrn of nge. Came Upon the Knox County Const and chief. Owen Wincapaw was commander, known,” which have been circulated more or Davies Elected City Clerk—NewSIden nlkn less in this country, Ixrth in English and the the________________ Destruction ___She Wrought„ Here— ( while Emery Davis, another soldier of the 21st The Boston Globe recently published the THE TRAVELERS INSURANCE CO., and Seven — New Ordinance* — Other Friendship Vessels Thnt Suffered- A S tir - } Maine, was one of the crew as well as half- following interesting despatch from this effy original, have been translated anew by Henri llnalneaa of Importance. Pene du Bois. This translation, which is to ring Episode of the bate War Narrated owner. Albert Collsmore and Alphonso relative to an interesting pair of Maine twins: OF HARTFORD, CONN., he issued by the Brentanos, ia announced aa For Our Benders.
  • The Terminology of Armor in Old French

    The Terminology of Armor in Old French

    1 A 1 e n-MlS|^^^PP?; The Terminology Of Amor In Old French. THE TERMINOLOGY OF ARMOR IN OLD FRENCH BY OTHO WILLIAM ALLEN A. B. University of Illinois, 1915 THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN ROMANCE LANGUAGES IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 1916 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE GRADUATE SCHOOL CO oo ]J1^J % I 9 I ^ I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPER- VISION BY WtMc^j I^M^. „ ENTITLED ^h... *If?&3!£^^^ ^1 ^^Sh^o-^/ o>h, "^Y^t^C^/ BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF. hu^Ur /] CUjfo In Charge of Thesis 1 Head of Department Recommendation concurred in :* Committee on Final Examination* Required for doctor's degree but not for master's. .343139 LHUC CONTENTS Bibliography i Introduction 1 Glossary 8 Corrigenda — 79 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014 http://archive.org/details/terminologyofarmOOalle i BIBLIOGRAPHY I. Descriptive Works on Armor: Boeheim, Wendelin. Handbuch der Waffenkunde. Leipzig, 1890, Quicherat, J, Histoire du costume en France, Paris, 1875* Schultz, Alwin. Das hofische Leben zur Zeit der Minnesinger. Two volumes. Leipzig, 1889. Demmin, August. Die Kriegswaffen in ihren geschicht lichen Ent wicklungen von den altesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart. Vierte Auflage. Leipzig, 1893. Ffoulkes, Charles. Armour and Weapons. Oxford, 1909. Gautier, Leon. La Chevalerie. Viollet-le-Duc • Dictionnaire raisonne' du mobilier frangais. Six volumes. Paris, 1874. Volumes V and VI. Ashdown, Charles Henry. Arms and Armour. New York. Ffoulkes, Charles. The Armourer and his Craft.
  • Protective Armor Engineering Design

    Protective Armor Engineering Design

    PROTECTIVE ARMOR ENGINEERING DESIGN PROTECTIVE ARMOR ENGINEERING DESIGN Magdi El Messiry Apple Academic Press Inc. Apple Academic Press Inc. 3333 Mistwell Crescent 1265 Goldenrod Circle NE Oakville, ON L6L 0A2 Palm Bay, Florida 32905 Canada USA USA © 2020 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. Exclusive worldwide distribution by CRC Press, a member of Taylor & Francis Group No claim to original U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-77188-787-8 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-42905-723-6 (eBook) All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electric, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and re- cording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publish- er or its distributor, except in the case of brief excerpts or quotations for use in reviews or critical articles. This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission and sources are indicated. Copyright for individual articles remains with the authors as indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors, editors, and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors, editors, and the publisher have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained.
  • Combat Manual

    Combat Manual

    ADRIAN EMPIRE IMPERIAL ESTATES WRIT #17 COMBAT MANUAL ADOPTED JULY 2002 LAST UPDATED DECEMBER 2019, EFFECTIVE 1 JANUARY 2020 ©Copyright 1993-2020 The Adrian Empire, Inc. All rights reserved. Adria is a registered trade name of the Adrian Empire, Inc. Anyone is welcome to point out any error or omission that they may find. Adrian Empire – IEW #17 – Combat Manual Page 2 of 35 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. GENERAL RULES AND REQUIREMENTS ....................................................... 5 A. HEALTH ......................................................................................................................................... 5 B. INHERENT DANGERS ................................................................................................................ 5 C. PROOF OF QUALIFICATION ................................................................................................... 5 D. MINIMUM AGES .......................................................................................................................... 5 E. GENERAL RULES OF COMBAT .............................................................................................. 5 1. Safety ............................................................................................................................................ 5 2. Marshals Must Be Present ............................................................................................................ 5 3. Entering the List Field .................................................................................................................
  • Armour As a Symbolic Form

    Armour As a Symbolic Form

    Originalveröffentlichung in: Waffen-und Kostümkunde 26 (1984), Nr. 2, S. 77-96 Armour As a Symbolic Form By Zdzislaw Zygulski Jr. „It is perfectly possible to argue that some distinctive objects are made by the mind, and that these objects, while appearing to exist objectively, have only a fictional reality." E. W. Said, Orientalism, New York 1979 Somewhere in the remote past of mankind armour was born, its basic purpose being to protect the soft and vulnerable human body in combat. It is somewhat surprising that in the course of Darwinian evolution man lost his natural protective attributes, above all hair, and slowly became what is called, with some malice, ,,the naked ape". Very soon man the hunter adopted animal skins as his first dress and also as armour. The tradition of an armour of leather is very ancient and still lingers in the word ,,cuirass". Various natural substances such as hard wood, plant fibres, bones, hoofs, or even tusks were used to make the body protection more resistant, but as soon as metallurgy had been mastered metal became the supreme material for all kinds of weaponry, both offensive and defensive. Since a blow to the head was often lethal, special attention was paid to the pro­ tection of that principal part of the body: early bronze helmets of conical shape are represented in the Sume­ rian art as early as the third millennium B. C.l. The shield, a prehistoric invention, although detached from the body and movable, may also be considered as a kind of armour. In the course of centuries a great number of types of armour and innumerable actual specimens were crea­ ted.
  • World Builder Part 1

    World Builder Part 1

    Table of Contents Book One: Stock-in-Trade 5 1:7 Cloth Patterns 45 Armor 8 1:8 Furs 48 Weapons 18 1:9 d20 Lodging & Board 55 Measurements 40 1:11 Ship’s Cargo 62 The Bazaar 43 2:1a Type of Rain & Visibility 64 The Tavern 56 2:1b Rainfall by Hour and Day 65 Transport 60 2:2 Ice Strength 66 2:3 Type of Snow & Visibility 66 Book Two: Geographics 63 2:4 Wind: Beaufort Wind Scale 66 Geography 64 2:5a Wind Pressure 67 Flora 82 2:5b: Wind Pressure on Sea 67 Fauna 100 2:6 Land Productivity 71 2:7 Water Spring Production 73 Book Three: Dwellings 103 2:8 MOH’s Hardness Scale 75 Materials & Construction 104 2:9 d20 Birth Stones Planet, Luck 76 Buildings 117 2:10 d20 Birth Stones 77 Rooms & Furnishings 127 2:11 d20 Metal/Stones/Gems 78-79 Populace 139 2:12 LA Metal/Stone/Gems 80-81 2:13 d20 Magical Affects of Herbs 97 Appendix A Random Generator 147 2:14 d20 The Horse 102 Appendix B Human Generator 155 2:15 d20 Other Common Animals 102 Appendix C Structures Generator 163 3:1 Tensile Strength Metals 105 Appendix D Colors 163 3:2 Melting Points Metals 105 Appendix E Light from a Flame 165 3:3 d20 Magical Metals 106 Appendix F Unusual Names 166 3:4a d20 Metals Value 107 Appendix G Gems 167 3:4b LA Metals Value 107 Appendix H Crimes Defined 174 3:5 Workmanship Value Addition 107 3:6 Hardness Scale (Extended) 108 Index 177 3:7 Common Uses for Wood 109 OGL 180 3:8 Materials Resistance to Crush 109 3:9 d20 Door Composition 110 Tables 3:10 d20 Weight of Things 112 1:1 d20 Armor 16 3:11 d20 Randomiz Concealment 114 1:2 d20 Head Covering & Helmets 17 3:12 Rope Strengths 114 1:3 d20 Shields 17 3:13 Construction Costs 115 1:4 d20 New Weapons 34-37 3:14 Computations 116 1:5 LA New Weapons 38 3:15 Person Based Measurements 120 1:6 LA Identifying Weapons 39 3:16 Cistern Capacity 124 3:17 Noble Coronets 140 Gary Gygax’s World Builder ARMOR PIECES AND GARMENTS Chausses: The close-fitting leg pieces of a suit of plate mail.