DOCSLIB.ORG

THE ARMOURER and HIS CRAFT from the Xith to the Xvith CENTURY by CHARLES FFOULKES, B.Litt.Oxon

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE ARMOURER and HIS CRAFT from the Xith to the Xvith CENTURY by CHARLES FFOULKES, B.Litt.Oxon GQ>0<J> 1911 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Cornell University Ubrary NK6606 .F43 1912 The armourer and his craft from the xith C Date iSIORAGE 3 1924 030 681 278 Overs olin a^(Mr;= :3fff=iqfPfr.g^h- r^ n .^ I aAri.^ ^ Cornell University Library XI The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030681278 THE ARMOURER AND HIS CRAFT UNIFORM WITH THIS VOLUME PASTE By A. Beresford Ryley < 'A w <1-1 K 2; < > o 2 o 2; H ffi Q 2; < w K o w u > w o o w K H H P W THE ARMOURER AND HIS CRAFT FROM THE XIth TO THE XVIth CENTURY By CHARLES FFOULKES, B.Litt.Oxon. WITH SIXTY-NINE DIAGRAMS IN THE TEXT AND THIRTY-TWO PLATES METHUEN & CO. LTD. 36 ESSEX STREET W.G. LONDON Kc tf , First Published in igi2 TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE VISCOUNT DILLON, Hon. M.A. Oxon. V.P.S.A., Etc. Etc. CURATOR OF THE TOWER ARMOURIES PREFACE DO not propose, in this work, to consider the history or develop- ment of defensive armour, for this has been more or less fully I discussed in v^orks which deal with the subject from the historical side of the question. I have rather endeavoured to compile a work which will, in some measure, fill up a gap in the subject, by collecting all the records and references, especially in English documents, which relate to the actual making of armour and the regulations which con- trolled the Armourer and his Craft. At the same time it is impossible to discuss this branch of the subject without overlapping in some details the existing works on Arms and Armour, but such repetition has only been included because it bears directly on the making, selling, or wearing of armour. I have intentionally omitted all reference to the sword and other weapons of ofi^nce, for this would have unduly increased the size of the present work, and the subject is of such importance that it deserves a full consideration in a separate volume. The original limits of this work have been considerably enlarged since it was offered as a thesis for the Degree of Bachelor of Letters in the University of Oxford in the Michaelmas Term, igii. A polyglot glossary has been included, as this is a detail which has been practically overlooked by all English writers. The subject of Arms and Armour has not, up to the present time, received the attention in England that it deserves, but I would be the first to admit the value of the works of Meyrick and Hewitt, which are the foundations upon which German and French as well as all EngHsh authors have based their investigations. At the same time it should be remembered that these two authors were pioneers, and statements which they made have been contradicted or modified by more recent research. Two THE ARMOURER AND HIS CRAFT examples of this will suffice. Meyrick named the upstanding neck- guards on the pauldron the " passguards " and the neck-armour of the horse the " mainfaire." From the researches of Viscount Dillon we learn that the passguard was a reinforcing piece for the joust and the mainfaire was a gauntlet {main de fer^ Both these mistakes are still perpetuated in foreign works on the subject, which shows the influence of Meyrick's work even at the present day. The subject of the Armourer and his Craft has never received much attention in England, even at the hands of Meyrick and Hewitt. On the Continent, however, writers like the late Dr. Wendelin Boeheim, Gurlitt, Buff, and Angellucci have all added greatly to our store of information on the subject. Boeheim's work on the Armourers of Europe {Meister der Waffenschmiedekunsi) is the only work in any language which has given us some account of the armour craftsmen of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and I should be indeed remiss if I did not take this opportunity of acknowledging the assistance which this collection of biographies has been in the preparation of the present work. Signori Gelli and Moretti have collected interesting documents relating to the Missaglia family, but apart from this no other writers have made a study of the Armourer. Gay's Encyclopcedia^ which unfortunately was cut short after the letter G by the death of the author, is also invaluable as far as it goes, in that it gives in every case contemporary references relating to the use of each word. The late B. Giraud published J. certain records dealing with the Armourer in various French archaeological journals, and M. Charles Buttin has placed all those interested in the subject under a deep obligation for his minute researches on the subject of the proving of armour. Of living English writers I would express the indebtedness not only of myself, but also of all those who are true amateurs d'armes^ to Baron de Cosson, who, with the late Burges, A.R.A., J. compiled the Catalogue of Helmets and Mail which is to this day the standard work on the subject. Last of all I would offer my sincere thanks to PREFACE ''i Viscount Dillon, Curator of the Tower Armouries, not only for his minute researches printed in the Archceologia and Archceological yournal^ which have brought to light much valuable information respect- ing the Armourer and his Craft in English records, but also for very- great personal interest and assistance in the compilation of this work. CHARLES FFOULKES S. John's College, Oxford, 1912 CONTENTS PAGE Preface . , . vii The Armourer . i Tools, Appliances, etc. 22 Iron and Steel . 38 The Craft of the Armourer . 44 The Proof of Armour . 62 The Decoration of Armour . • • 73 The Cleaning of Armour . 78 The Use of Fabrics and Linen . , . 83 The Use of Leather . 96 The Wearing of Armour . 104 The Armourers' Company of the City of London . .120 Lists of European Armourers . 126 Short Biographies of Notable Armourers • . .131 List of Armourers' Marks . 147 Polyglot Glossary of Words dealing with Armour and Weapons . ' ^53 APPENDICES A. Extract from the Records of the Armourers' Company of London, 1322 (Lib. C, fol. 33) . 169 B. Regulations of the Heaumers' Company, 1347 (City of London Letter Book F, cxlii) . 171 C. Treatise of Worship in Arms, by Johan Hill, Armourer, 1434 (Bod. Lib., Ashmole. 856, art. 22, fol. 376) . -173 D. Traite du Costume Militaire, 1446 (Du Costume Militaire des Fran9ais en 1446, Bib. Nat., Paris, 1997) . 177 E. Extract from the Ordinances of the Armourers of Angers, etc., 1448 (Ordonn. des Rois, XX, 156. Rev. d'Aquitaine, XII, 26. Arch, des B. Pyrenees, E, 302) . 180 xiii '^iv THE ARMOURER AND HIS CRAFT PAGE F. Expenses in the Royal Armouries, temp. Henry VIII (Brit. Mus., Cotton. App. XXVIII, f. 76) . .182 G. Petition of Armourers to Queen Elizabeth (Lansdowne MS. 63, f. 5) • 184 H. Undertaking of the Armourers' Company of London to supply Armour (Records of the Company, 161 8) . .186 I. Proclamation against the Use of Gold and Silver except in the Case OF Armour (State Papers Dom. Jac. I, cv) . .187 J. Erection of Plating-mills at Erith (State Papers Dom. Jac. I, clxxx) . 188 K. Regulations as to the Hall-mark of the Armourers' Company (Rymer, XIX, 314) . , . 191 L. Petition of Armourers (State Papers Dom. Car. I, cclxxxix, 93) . .192 M. Extract from the Survey of the Tower Armoury, 1660 (Brit. Mus., Harl. MS. 7457) . 193 Index ........ 195 " LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT 1. Diagram showing the " glancing surface ..... 4 2. Diagram showing the position of the lance in jousting, from Jrch, Journ., LV, 5 3. Pauldrons on the statue of Colleoni, Venice, and of a Missaglia suit in the WafFensammlung, Vienna (Plate II) ...... 6 4. The solleret, practical and unpractical ..... 6 5. Horse-armour ....... 8 6. Harnischmeister Albrecht, from a painting in the Arsenal, Vienna 9 7. Cuissard for the off hock of a horse. Musee Porte de Hal, Brussels . 10 8. Arms of the Armourers' Gild, Florence. From the Church of Or San Michele . M S. George, . 9. by Hans Multscher, 1458. Augsburg . M 10. Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, arming. Brit. Mus., Cott., Jul., E, IV, fol. 12 b 15 11. The Westminster helm ...... 17 12. The Brocas helm ....... 17 3. The Fogge helm 1 ....... 17 14. The Barendyne helm ...... 17 15. The Mail-maker, from Jost Amman's Stands und Handiverker, cjrc. 1 590 23 16. The Armourer, from the same source as the above 24 17. Burring-machine or "jenny," from the picture by Breughel given on the frontispiece 36 18. Method of making mail, from i^rcA. /»«r«., XXXVII 45 19. Representations of double and single mail, from the effigy of Robert de Mauley, formerly in York Minster, Archaologia, XXXI .... 45 20. The coif of mail, from the effigy of William, Earl of Pembroke, Temple Church, and an unnamed effigy in Pershore Church, Worcs, after Fairholt 46 21. Attachment of the camail, from the effigy of Sir R. Pembridge, Clehonger Church, Hereford 46 22. Attachment of the camail reconstructed . ... 46 23. Suggested arrangement of "banded" mail, from Arch. Journ., XXXVII, figure from Romance of Alexander, Paris, Bib. Nat., circ. 1 240, and the effigy at Newton Solney, Derbs. 47 24. Foot-soldier wearing a jack, from the Chasse of S. Ursula, by Memling, 1475-1485.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Westray Story a Predictable Path to Disaster
    3 . // ^V7 / C‘H- The Westray Story A Predictable Path to Disaster Report of the Westray Mine Public Inquiry Justice K. Peter Richard, Commissioner Volume One November 1997 LIBRARY DEPARTfvtEr,T Or NATURAL RESOURCES. \ HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA \ ^V 2,2,4- VJ. I Published on the authority of the Lieutenant Governor in Council c, by the Westray Mine Public Inquiry. © Province of Nova Scotia 1997 ISBN 0-88871-465-3 Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Westray Mine Public Inquiry (N.S.) The Westray story: a predictable path to disaster Includes bibliographical references. Partial contents: v.[3] Reference - v.[4] Executive summary. ISBN 0-88871-465-3 (v.l) - 0-88871-466-1 (v.2) - 0-88871-467-X ([v.3])-0-88871-468-8 ([v.4]) 1. Westray Mine Disaster, Plymouth, Pictou, N.S., 1992. 2. Coal mine accidents—Nova Scotia—Plymouth (Pictou Co.) I. Richard, K. Peter, 1932- II. Title. TN806C22N6 1997 363.11’9622334'0971613 C97-966011-4 Cover: Sketch of Westray mine by Elizabeth Owen Permission is hereby given by the copyright holder for any person to reproduce this report or any part thereof. “The most important thing to come out of a mine is the miner.” Frederic Le Play (1806-1882) French sociologist and inspector general of mines of France » At 5:20 am on 9 May 1992 the Westray mine exploded taking the lives of the following 26 miners. John Thomas Bates, 56 Trevor Martin Jahn, 36 Larry Arthur Bell, 25 Laurence Elwyn James, 34 Bennie Joseph Benoit, 42 Eugene W. Johnson, 33 Wayne Michael Conway, 38 Stephen Paul Lilley, 40 Ferris Todd Dewan, 35 Michael Frederick MacKay, 38 Adonis J.
    [Show full text]
  • The Stannaries
    THE STANNARIES A STUDY OF THE MEDIEVAL TIN MINERS OF CORNWALL AND DEVON G. R. LEWIS First published 1908 PREFACE THEfollowing monograph, the outcome of a thesis for an under- graduate course at Harvard University, is the result of three years' investigation, one in this country and two in England, - for the most part in London, where nearly all the documentary material relating to the subject is to be found. For facilitating with ready courtesy my access to this material I am greatly indebted to the officials of the 0 GEORGE RANDALL LEWIS British Museum, the Public Record Office, and the Duchy of Corn- wall Office. I desire also to acknowledge gratefully the assistance of Dr. G. W. Prothero, Mr. Hubert Hall, and Mr. George Unwin. My thanks are especially due to Professor Edwin F. Gay of Harvard University, under whose supervision my work has been done. HOUGHTON,M~CHIGAN, November, 1907. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION purpose of the essay. Reasons for choice of subject. Sources of informa- tion. Plan of treatment . xiii CHAPTER I Nature of tin ore. Stream tinning in early times. Early methods of searching for ore. Forms assumed by the primitive mines. Drainage and other features of medizval mine economy. Preparation of the ore. Carew's description of the dressing of tin ore. Early smelting furnaces. Advances in mining and smelt- ing in the latter half of the seventeenth century. Preparation of the ore. Use of the steam engine for draining mines. Introduction of blasting. Pit coal smelting. General advance in ore dressing in the eighteenth century. Other improvements.
    [Show full text]
  • Buckram Is a Heavy-Duty Bookbinding Cloth That Offers a Distinct, Woven Texture
    B UCKRAM BOODLE BOOKS Buckram is a heavy-duty bookbinding cloth that offers a distinct, woven texture. PRICING Our two lines, Conservation and English, are formulated with a matte finish in Prices are per book, nonpadded with square corners. Includes Summit Leatherette or Arrestox B lining. a variety of well-saturated colors. Both are stain resistant and washable. Your See options below. logo can be foil or blind debossed or silk screened. PART No. SHEET SIZE 25 50 100 SINGLE PANEL 1 view Conservation Buckram 7001C-BUC 8.5 x 5.5 10.95 9.80 8.60 Strong, thick poly-cotton with subtle linen look 7001D-BUC 11 x 4.25 10.45 9.30 8.10 logo 7001E-BUC 11 x 8.5 13.25 12.10 10.90 7001F-BUC 14 x 4.25 11.55 10.40 9.20 red maroon green army green CBU-RED CBU-MAR CBU-GRN CBU-AGR 7001G-BUC 14 x 8.5 14.40 13.25 12.10 front back 7001H-BUC 11 x 5.5 11.65 10.50 9.30 7001I-BUC 14 x 5.5 12.75 11.60 10.40 7001J-BUC 17 x 11 19.65 18.50 17.30 SINGLE PANEL - DOUBLE-SIDED 2 views royal navy rust medium grey 7001C/2-BUC 8.5 x 5.5 10.95 9.80 8.60 CBU-ROY CBU-NAV CBU-RUS CBU-MGY 7001D/2-BUC 11 x 4.25 10.45 9.30 8.10 7001E/2-BUC 11 x 8.5 13.25 12.10 10.90 7001F/2-BUC 14 x 4.25 11.55 10.40 9.20 front back 7001G/2-BUC 14 x 8.5 14.40 13.25 12.10 7001H/2-BUC 11 x 5.5 11.65 10.50 9.30 tan brown black 7001I/2-BUC 14 x 5.5 12.75 11.60 10.40 CBU-TAN CBU-BRO CBU-BLK 7001J/2-BUC 17 x 11 19.65 18.50 17.30 DOUBLE PANEL 2 views Royal Conservation Buckram 7002C-BUC 8.5 x 5.5 18.50 17.20 15.80 CBU-ROY 7002D-BUC 11 x 4.25 19.15 17.80 16.45 7002E-BUC 11 x 8.5 23.30 21.80 20.40 7002F-BUC
    [Show full text]
  • Cm 9437 – Armed Forces' Pay Review Body – Forty-Sixth Report 2017
    Appendix 1 Pay16: Pay structure and mapping1 Trade Supplement Placement (TSP) The Trades within each Supplement are listed alphabetically, and colour coded to represent each Service (dark blue for Naval Service, red for Army, light blue for RAF and purple for the Allied Health Professionals). Supplement 1 Supplement 2 Supplement 3 Aerospace Systems Operating ARMY AAC Groundcrew Sldr Aircraft Engineering (Avionics) and Air Traffic Control including including Aircraft Engineering RAF RAF Air Cartographer Aerospace Systems Operator/Manager, RAF Technician, Aircraft Technician Flight Operations Assistant/Manager RN/RM Comms Inf Sys inc SM & WS (Avionics) and Aircraft Maintenance ARMY Army Welfare Worker ARMY Crewman 2 Mechanic (Avionics) ARMY Custodial NCO AHP Dental Hygienist Air Engineering (Mechanical) including Aircraft Engineering AHP Dental Nurse AHP Dental Technician RAF Technician, Aircraft Technician RN/RM Family Services Aircraft Engineering (Weapon) (Mechanical) and Aircraft Maintenance RAF including Engineering Weapon and (Mechanical) RAF Firefighter Weapon Technician Air Engineering Technician including AHP Health Care Assistant General Engineering including Aircraft Engineering Technician, RN/RM Hydrography & MET (including legacy General Engineering Technician, Aircraft Technician (Avionics) & Aircraft RN/RM NA(MET)) RAF General Technician Electrical, General Maintenance Mechanic (Avionics) Technician (Mechanical) and General RN/RM Logs (Writer) inc SM RN/RM Aircrewman (RM, ASW, CDO) Technician Workshops Logistics (Caterer)
    [Show full text]
  • Rules and Options
    Rules and Options The author has attempted to draw as much as possible from the guidelines provided in the 5th edition Players Handbooks and Dungeon Master's Guide. Statistics for weapons listed in the Dungeon Master's Guide were used to develop the damage scales used in this book. Interestingly, these scales correspond fairly well with the values listed in the d20 Modern books. Game masters should feel free to modify any of the statistics or optional rules in this book as necessary. It is important to remember that Dungeons and Dragons abstracts combat to a degree, and does so more than many other game systems, in the name of playability. For this reason, the subtle differences that exist between many firearms will often drop below what might be called a "horizon of granularity." In D&D, for example, two pistols that real world shooters could spend hours discussing, debating how a few extra ounces of weight or different barrel lengths might affect accuracy, or how different kinds of ammunition (soft-nosed, armor-piercing, etc.) might affect damage, may be, in game terms, almost identical. This is neither good nor bad; it is just the way Dungeons and Dragons handles such things. Who can use firearms? Firearms are assumed to be martial ranged weapons. Characters from worlds where firearms are common and who can use martial ranged weapons will be proficient in them. Anyone else will have to train to gain proficiency— the specifics are left to individual game masters. Optionally, the game master may also allow characters with individual weapon proficiencies to trade one proficiency for an equivalent one at the time of character creation (e.g., monks can trade shortswords for one specific martial melee weapon like a war scythe, rogues can trade hand crossbows for one kind of firearm like a Glock 17 pistol, etc.).
    [Show full text]
  • MILITARY ACTION AGAINST IRAN: IMPACT and EFFECTS Paul Rogers
    Oxford Research Group Briefing Paper – July 2010 MILITARY ACTION AGAINST IRAN: IMPACT AND EFFECTS Paul Rogers EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report concludes that military action against Iran should be ruled out as a means of responding to its possible nuclear weapons ambitions. The consequences of such an attack would lead to a sustained conflict and regional instability that would be unlikely to prevent the eventual acquisition of nuclear weapons by Iran and might even encourage it. Oxford Research Group’s (ORG) analysis in its last report on the issue in 2006 (Iran: Consequences of a War ) examined the capabilities and intentions of the United States and Israel to carry out military action. While US action against Iran may now be unlikely, given the policies of the Obama administration, Israel’s potential for action against Iran has increased. This report examines the improvements in Israeli strike capabilities in the past four years and points to Israel’s newly developed ability to conduct major attacks on Iranian nuclear and missile programmes. Long-range strike aircraft acquired from the United States, combined with an improved fleet of tanker aircraft, the deployment of long-range drones and the probable availability of support facilities in north-east Iraq and Azerbaijan, all increase Israel’s potential for action against Iran. Many sections of the Israeli political elite regard the Iranian nuclear and missile programme as an existential threat to Israel. If there is no progress to curtail Iran’s nuclear ambitions by other means, there is significant Israeli support for military action. This might also extend to renewed action by Israel in southern Lebanon to counter the progressive re-arming of Hezbollah militias by Iran.
    [Show full text]
  • Semi-Historical Arms and Armor the Following Are Some Notes About The
    Semi-Historical Arms and Armor The following are some notes about the weapons and armor tables in D&D 5th edition, as they pertain to their relationship to modern understandings of historical arms and armor. In general, 5th edition is far more accurate to ancient and medieval sources regarding these topics than prior editions, but for the sake of balance and ease of play without the onerous restrictions of reality, there are still some expected incongruences. This article attempts to explain some particular facets about the use of arms and armor throughout our long, shared history, and to offer some suggestions (imbalanced as they may be) on how such items would have been used in particular times and places. A note on generalities: One of the best things 5th edition offers in these tables is the generalization of particular weapons and armor compared to prior editions. Is there a significant, functional difference between a half-sword, arming sword, backsword, wakizashi, tulwar, or any other various forms of predominately one-handed pokey and slashy things with 13 inch, sometimes 14 or 20 or even 30 inch blades? Well, actually yes, but that level of discrimination is often not noticeable in the granularity of the combat mechanics of most systems, and, more importantly, how modern readers often distinguish them is often anachronistic. For instance, almost all straight sword-like weapons, be it arming swords, half-swords, back swords, longswords or even great swords like claymores (but not Messers!) are referred to in ancient and medieval texts (MS I.33, Liberi, etc) as… swords.
    [Show full text]
  • Passed the Senate July 17, 1997 Secretary of the Senate Passed The
    Assembly Bill No. 78 Passed the Assembly July 21, 1997 Chief Clerk of the Assembly Passed the Senate July 17, 1997 Secretary of the Senate This bill was received by the Governor this ___ day of ________, 1997, at ___ o’clock __M. Private Secretary of the Governor AB 78 — 2 — CHAPTER ____ An act to amend Sections 12020, 12021, 12026.2, 12092, 12094, 12201, 12316, and 12322 of the Penal Code, relating to firearms. LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL’S DIGEST AB 78, Granlund. Firearms: transporting exemption. (1) Existing law provides exemptions from the prohibition against the manufacture, import, sale, giving, lending, or possession of specified weapons and firearms. Existing law also provides exemptions for the possession of handgun ammunition. This bill would add to these exemptions all of the following: (a) The circumstance where any instrument, ammunition, weapon, or device listed in these prohibitions that is not a firearm is found and possessed for a specified period of time by a person who is not in a specified prohibited class and is transporting the weapon or device to a law enforcement agency for disposition according to law. (b) Any firearm, other than a short-barrelled rifle or short-barrelled shotgun, that is found and possessed by a person under the circumstance described in (a) above who additionally has given prior notice to the law enforcement agency and is transporting the firearm in a locked container. (c) The possession of any weapon, device, or ammunition by a forensic laboratory or any authorized agent or employee thereof in the course and scope of his or her authorized activities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Terminology of Armor in Old French
    1 A 1 e n-MlS|^^^PP?; The Terminology Of Amor In Old French. THE TERMINOLOGY OF ARMOR IN OLD FRENCH BY OTHO WILLIAM ALLEN A. B. University of Illinois, 1915 THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN ROMANCE LANGUAGES IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 1916 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE GRADUATE SCHOOL CO oo ]J1^J % I 9 I ^ I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPER- VISION BY WtMc^j I^M^. „ ENTITLED ^h... *If?&3!£^^^ ^1 ^^Sh^o-^/ o>h, "^Y^t^C^/ BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF. hu^Ur /] CUjfo In Charge of Thesis 1 Head of Department Recommendation concurred in :* Committee on Final Examination* Required for doctor's degree but not for master's. .343139 LHUC CONTENTS Bibliography i Introduction 1 Glossary 8 Corrigenda — 79 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014 http://archive.org/details/terminologyofarmOOalle i BIBLIOGRAPHY I. Descriptive Works on Armor: Boeheim, Wendelin. Handbuch der Waffenkunde. Leipzig, 1890, Quicherat, J, Histoire du costume en France, Paris, 1875* Schultz, Alwin. Das hofische Leben zur Zeit der Minnesinger. Two volumes. Leipzig, 1889. Demmin, August. Die Kriegswaffen in ihren geschicht lichen Ent wicklungen von den altesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart. Vierte Auflage. Leipzig, 1893. Ffoulkes, Charles. Armour and Weapons. Oxford, 1909. Gautier, Leon. La Chevalerie. Viollet-le-Duc • Dictionnaire raisonne' du mobilier frangais. Six volumes. Paris, 1874. Volumes V and VI. Ashdown, Charles Henry. Arms and Armour. New York. Ffoulkes, Charles. The Armourer and his Craft.
    [Show full text]
  • IS 1102 (1968): Handloom Buckram Cloth [TXD 8: Handloom and Khadi]
    इंटरनेट मानक Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public. “जान का अधकार, जी का अधकार” “परा को छोड न 5 तरफ” Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru “The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New” IS 1102 (1968): Handloom Buckram Cloth [TXD 8: Handloom and Khadi] “ान $ एक न भारत का नमण” Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda “Invent a New India Using Knowledge” “ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी चराया नह जा सकताह ै”ै Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam “Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen” I6 : 1192- 1968 Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR HANDLOOM BUCKRAM CLOTH ( First Revision ) Handloom and Khadi Sectional Committee, TDC 13 Chairman Rcpresetiing Sntu C. S. RAMANATHAN Textiles Committee, Bombay Members SHRI DINA NATH ACARWAL The Ludhiana Textile Board, Ludhiana SHRI G~RDHARILAL LOOMBA( Altematr ) SHRI T. BALAKRISHNAN In personal capacity ( C/o National Stores, Cannanore) B~J~INE~SMANAGER The Andhra Handloom Weavers’ Co-operative Society Ltd, Vijayawada BUSINESS MANAGER The Tamil Nadu (Madras State) Handloom Weavers’ Co-operative Society Ltd, Madras SHRI A.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence Holdings Land Holdings
    CHAPTER 6: HOUSE & LANDS EXAMPLE Chris, who’s playing a male character, invests 20 of the house’s Influ- With a Defense of 30, the group has enough resources to invest in a ence to become the first born. Nicole, who’s playing a female character, small castle. Chris points out that they have a lot of land, and invest- invests 10 points to become the first-born daughter. The group has 5 ing all of their defenses into one small castle means they will likely point left unallocated, which they intend to use during the campaign have a hard time defending their territory if it comes under attack. So as they engage in intrigues. instead of a small castle, the group selects a hall and a tower, position- ing each in different domains. Land Holdings Influence Holdings Lands describe the terrain and extent of your actual holdings. Lands may be forests, lakes, hills, mountains, coastlines, and more, all based Influence represents your social power, your presence in your region on where your house is situated and the terrain of your realm. Each and throughout all of Westeros. The primary investment for Influence Land investment is called a domain. Each domain is roughly a league (3 is in heirs, the children of the house’s head. Heirs are valuable in that miles). Your domains reflect only those lands that are under your direct they extend the will and presence of the patriarch, but they also provide control and not under the control of your banners, sworn knights, and means to improving the house’s standing through deeds and marriage.
    [Show full text]
  • Heroic Armor of the Italian Renaissnace
    30. MASKS GARNITURE OF CHARLES V Filippo Negroli and his brothers Milan, dated 1539 Steel, gold, and silver Wt. 31 lb. 3 oz. (14,490 g) RealArmeria, Patrimonio Nacional, Madrid (A 139) he Masks Garniture occupies a special place in the Negroli Toeuvre as the largest surviving armor ensemble signed by Filippo N egroli and the only example of his work to specify unequivocally the participation of two or more of his broth­ ers. The armor's appellation, "de los mascarones," derives from the grotesque masks that figure prominently in its dec­ oration, and it was coined by Valencia de Don Juan (1898) to distinguish it from the many other harnesses of Charles V in the Real Armeria. Indeed, for Valencia, none of the emperor's numerous richly embellished armors could match this one for the beauty of its decoration. As the term "garniture" implies, the harness possesses a number of exchange and reinforcing pieces that allow it to be employed, with several variations, for mounted use in the field as well as on foot. The exhibited harness is composed of the following ele­ ments: a burgonet with hinged cheekpieces and a separate, detachable buffe to close the face opening; a breastplate with two downward-overlapping waist lames and a single skirt lame supporting tassets (upper thigh defenses) of seven lames each that are divisible between the second and third lames; a backplate with two waist lames and a single culet (rump) lame; asymmetrical pauldrons (shoulder defenses) made in one with vambraces (arm defenses) and having large couters open on the inside of the elbows; articulated cuisses (lower thigh defenses) with poleyns (knees); and half­ greaves open on the inside of the leg.
    [Show full text]