2 Winter Sports 2010: Victory in Vancouver Winter Sports?

When you think of sports, what comes to mind? Sun-drenched run - ners dashing down a track? Sweaty basketball players wearing shorts and tanks tops? Swimmers? Baseball players? Bicyclists? All of these sports are great ways to exercise and have fun. If you live in a warm climate, such as Florida's, you can swim and ride your bike all year long, but some people live in cold places, like Minnesota, where the people wear winter coats from September to April. Even so, these people enjoy outdoor sports, too. People who live in cold climates play the sports that take advan - tage of the weather where they live. Skiing, ice skating, even sled - ding are sports!

Winter Competition 0 0 0 1 1 1 Newspapers, television and the 0 0 0 Internet have made winter sports popular with audiences around the 2 2 2 world. Millions of people in other

countries follow the hockey season S S S S as avidly as people in the United T T

T States watch basketball, baseball or football. Winter sports fans travel R R R for miles and pay thousands of dol - O O

O lars to see these competitions. In February 2010, one such event takes place in P P P Vancouver, Canada, when athletes from all over the S S S world will compete to become international champions Learning Standards: interpreting charts, prioritizing

of popular winter sports. During these competitions, you Sporting events are regularly covered on tel - R R have a chance to watch snowboarding, skiing and ski R evision and the competition in Vancouver is jumps, figure skating, hockey, bobsledding and curling E E

E no exception. Look through the television and more! listings and decide which sporting events T T T you will watch. List the sport, the time and N N N the channel. I I I Vying for Victory... Learning Standards: understanding shared human experi - ences, writing letters. W W W Wait a minute? Curling? Competition in sports leads to both winners and losers. Find a winner in the newspaper Okay, so maybe you do live in Florida. Maybe you've never seen or and design an award for that person. Then even heard of some of these sports. Don't worry. We've put togeth - write a letter of support to one of the losers er a fun guide to these winter sports. You'll learn how the sports you found. work, what their rules are, and how they got started. You'll also find fun newspaper activities to help you learn more. So read on! By the time you're done, you'll be ready to pull on your parka and head out into the winter wonderland of sports. Resources: United States Biathlon Association United States Bobsled & Skeleton Federation United States Curling Association United States Snowboard Association Editors: Barbara Bennett, Ken Bookman Writer: Clint Hadden United States Speed Skating Graphic Designers: Roel Wielinga, Jeanine Reilly Peak Exposure of Boulder, Colorado Newspaper Activities by: Debby and Ned Carroll www.geographic.org Winter Sports 2010: Victory in Vancouver 3

Ancient Travel

Skiing is probably the oldest of all the winter sports. Archaeologists have found skis that they believe to be 4,000 years old in Scandinavian coun - tries. Central Europeans started skiing in the late 1500s. By 1850, Norway had started holding two-day ski carnivals featuring A A A races and ski jumps. L L L P P P I I I N N N E E E

Friction on Ice S S S The principle behind skiing is simple. Athletes attach to move more easily over the snow. K K long, slim boards to their feet and point themselves Most skis today are made of a combination of K I I down a hill. The boards serve two purposes. First, glass fiber, Kevlar, titanium and other polymers. I I I they distribute the skier's weight over a wider area, These are lighter and stronger than the wood origi - I N N allowing him or her to ride on top of fluffy snow nally used for skis. Skiers also use ski poles to help N G G instead of sinking down into it. And second, the slick them control their speed and direction and to main - G bottoms of the skis reduce friction and allow the skier tain their balance. DDoowwnnhhiillll SSkkiiiinngg

There are several types of competitive skiing. The simplest form is downhill skiing, in which athletes try to get to the bottom of a ski slope, usually a mountainside, as quickly as possible. They Learning Standards: examining picture clues, evaluating race down the mountain one at a time, trying to better the times of their competitors. Look through your newspaper for a photo of an athlete in action. Label the equipment that the athlete is wear - Downhill skiers steer by leaning their bodies in the direction ing and write why each piece of equipment is impor - they want to go and digging the edge of their skis into the snow. tant. This creates friction, which helps them control their direction. Downhill skiers can travel as fast as 80 miles an hour. They wear Learning Standard: reflecting on scientific knowledge tight-fitting clothes and ski in a crouched position to make their bodies more aerodynamic, allowing them to move through the air Science plays a part in all sports. In skiing, for example, even though skis are built to reduce friction, more quickly. friction is still important in that it helps skiers in their Even the best skiers fall frequently, and falls can be very dan - movements. Use your newspaper to find other con - gerous at such high speeds. So it's essential to ski with the prop - nections between sports and science. Summarize a er safety equipment. Downhill skiers always wear helmets, gog - story and add an explanation about how science gles, and knee and elbow pads. Often, though, that's not enough. affects the sport. Many falls result in broken arms, broken legs or concussions. SSKKIIIINNGG 4 Wi d t sco t e e S co h Mo nt he he o M own nt nou ski il ome urse gu t wi ir er re t e im gh t g ls n i th of S ng he wit s it e ri u t com ey ck er t ha snow spor and und w edg t t i b po l n t o ur hes t hil , it crea jud t in havi y aw t ok h t nig Cr Whil t h l. bine hat skie a endu ersi t es ts r lot

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i w - n bl ho e, Winter Sports 2010: Victory in Vancouver Winter Sports 2010: Victory in Vancouver 5

With some sports, you can't help but wonder what kind of person would want to do something so dangerous. Ski jumping is one such sport. There used to be a popular Saturday afternoon television show about sports that showed a clip of a ski jumper in the opening credits and played a voice saying: "The agony of defeat." The clip showed the jumper falling as he came down the ramp, then flying off the ramp, arms and legs flailing, into a series of poles.

Imagine it. What would it take to convince you to S S S climb to the top of a 90-meter-tall tower, ski down a K K long ramp covered with ice, then jump through the K

air until you landed on your skis 400 feet later? I I I

J J J As you could probably guess, the sport started on J

a dare, when Norwegian athlete Sondre Nordheim U U U made the first jump in 1860. The first competition M M M was held in 1862 in Norway. Ten years later, athletes M around the world were jumping. P P P LIFT OFF

The sport looks simple to an observer. The jumper simply skis off the end of a ramp and flies through the air like a glider. In fact, thatʼs exactly what the athlete is doing: gliding. The skis themselves act as a type of wing, helping to control the rate at which the athlete falls. Once in the air, the jumper holds the skis in a V position, which adds lift and allows the jumper to glide farther. Skis are regulated to be a certain size so that no one gets an unfair advantage. Jumpers start out in a crouched pose to make themselves more aerodynamic as they travel down Looking down the ramp of the Oslo, Norway ski jump the ramp, hoping to build as much speed as possi - ble. At the end of the ramp, they use their legs to push off into the air. The Score

In international competitions like the one in Vancouver, Canada, jumpers are scored on distance and style. There are individual and team contests. CCUURRLLIINNGG 6 Wi Un b C S a b Cu l P l P ody nd esid cotl a e mo a wa in st t Th ma g o nte ite ledo rling arn rou fr on wi is Tea . ter a ti kes S d t es ont et Tod o m e nd t nd tch he ni t n t r t hei i ta ms pr s t hat o a S he ho th at at mo t — es th ay, n i y a o ov n i y a r f Cur e es. mel

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TToopp TTeenn MMoosstt--MMeeddaalleedd WWiinntteerr SSppoorrttss AAtthhlleetteess

1. Bjorn Daehlie (Norway) 1992-1998 Cross-country 8 gold, 4 silver

2. Lyubov Egerova (Russia) 1992/1994 Cross-country 6 gold, 3 silver

3. Lidiya Skoblikova (USSR) 1960/1964 Speed-skating 6 gold

4. Larissa Lazutina (Russia) 1992-2002 Cross-country 5 gold, 3 silver, 1 bronze

5. Clas Thunberg (Finland) 1924/1928 Speed-skating 5 gold, 1 silver, 1 bronze

6. Thomas Alsgaard, Norway) 1994-2002 Cross-country 5 gold, 1 silver

Ole Einar Bjoerndalen (Norway) 1998/2002 Biathlon 5 gold, 1 silver

8. Bonnie Blair (United States) 1988-1994 Speed-skating 5 gold, 1 bronze

9. Eric Heiden (United States) 1980 Speed-skating 5 gold

10. Raisa Smetanina (USSR/CIS) 1976-1992 Cross-country 4 gold, 5 silver, 1 bronze IICCEE HHOOCCKKEEYY 10 Wi Yo A a th Eu mary St Mos Le ma u nte at map at arn rope co es t are ho i kn y ng of r . . S on a S pl ckey Ar me bo ow tan po Bot e of e ut f th dars: t SLICK h 201 ts r rom b he t er t ayer for hes fe he

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n r e f here and ste opl pe ut it e W f er v ncou a V in s o in you can ty ot l d abo ci t . on por ti rcto y ra s a o l i i V ocation. Rea l exp uver e ver these events but bl your anco edi V s 010: 2 ue cou ncr in i rt nt s o hi c an t Spo

uver to attend ur V r to nco y” l al a V ing t tu si te in W vir sit “ o vi l il e t st l Vi b be a ot n y ma u o Y r e ouv anc V in y or ict V 0: 201 por ts S r inte W Winter Sports 2010: Victory in Vancouver 16

The contest in Vancouver is losing isn't such a bad thing if we learn a competition. Each athlete from our mistakes. TThhee is trying to be the best in each event. There will be The problem comes when we take things winners and losers. Is that a too seriously, when we get mad SSppoorrttiinngg good thing? What do you because we lose instead of realiz - think about competition? ing that it's part of the game. Does it motivate you to work "Getting angry defeats the purpose harder or does it cause you of competition," said Owens. "It LLiiffee too much stress? doesn't make you work any harder to improve yourself. It just gives you Competition an excuse. It clouds your judgment is an essential part of being alive and actually makes you play and it is nothing new. Early worse." humans depended on hunting and gathering to survive. They And sometimes, it can turn had to compete against nature and violent. You've probably each other just to get food. Today, seen people get angry instead of competing for food, we over what they think is compete for fun. We play board a bad call by an offi - games and computer games. We join cial in a sports sports leagues for organized games, game. Maybe and get together with buddies for pick-up you've had games. We even compete in our friends get schoolwork, trying to finish before mad our friends or to make a higher enough after score. For the most part, that type of losing a competition is good, says psycholo - board game to throw the pieces. gist Paul Owens. "Competition makes You may have read in newspapers about parents us work harder than we would have without it," getting so mad during games their chil - he said. "It makes us strive to be better at what dren were playing that they severely injured or we do." even killed somebody.

But competition "That's when competition has its downside. becomes very danger - For one, by its ous," said Owens. "They very nature, key is to remember that somebody has to it's just a game. Take a lose every com - few minutes to cool down. petition. You've Count to 10. Learn to probably lost a enjoy." As you watch the game or other contests in Vancouver, note competition in how the athletes deal with your life. How did the stress of competing. that make you Think about what you can feel? But then, learn from their example.