DOCSLIB.ORG

A Paradigm for Identifying Ability in Competition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Paradigm for Identifying Ability in Competition http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10038-011-0016-8. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.uzh.ch Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. Main Library http://www.zora.uzh.ch Winterthurerstr. 190 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Originally published at: Knechtle, B; Knechtle, P; Rosemann, T (2011). A paradigm for identifying ability in competition: The association between anthropometry, training and equipment with race times in male long-distance inline skaters - the ‘Inline One Eleven'. Human Movement, 12(2):171-179. Year: 2011 A paradigm for identifying ability in competition: The association between anthropometry, training and equipment with race times in male long-distance inline skaters - the ‘Inline One Eleven' Knechtle, B; Knechtle, P; Rosemann, T http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10038-011-0016-8. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.uzh.ch Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. http://www.zora.uzh.ch Originally published at: Knechtle, B; Knechtle, P; Rosemann, T (2011). A paradigm for identifying ability in competition: The association between anthropometry, training and equipment with race times in male long-distance inline skaters - the ‘Inline One Eleven'. Human Movement, 12(2):171-179. 2011, vol. 12 (2), 171 – 179 A PARADIGM FOR IDENTIFYING ABILITY IN COMPETITION: THE ASSociation BETWEEN ANTHropometry, TRAINING AND EQUIPMENT WITH RACE TIMES IN MALE LONG-DIStance INLINE SKaters – THE ‘INLINE ONE ELEVEN’ doi: 10.2478/v10038-011-0016-8 Beat KNECHTLE 1, 2 *, PatriZIA KNECHTLE 1, THOMAS ROSEMANN 2 1 Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland 2 Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ABSTRACT Purpose. The association between anthropometric and training characteristics on an athlete’s performance has been investigated in swimmers, cyclists and runners, but not in inline skaters. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anthropometry, pre race preparation and equipment in the finishers of the longest inline race in Europe, the ‘Inline One eleven’ over 111 km in Switzerland. Basic procedures. We investigated the association of anthropometry, training, and equipment variables with race times in 84 male ultra- endurance inline skaters using bi- and multivariate analysis. Main findings. In the multivariate analysis, percent body fat, duration per training unit, and personal best time in the ‘Inline One eleven’ was related to the race time for all finishers. Out of the 84 finishers, 58 had already finished an ‘Inline One eleven’ while 26 participated for the first time. Speed in training and the kind of skates worn were related to race times of the 26 inexperienced finishers. The inexperienced finishers skating with custom made skates were significantly faster with 229.1 (12.7) min compared to inexperienced finishers using ordinary skates finishing within 290.8 (35.4) min (p < 0.001). For experienced inliners, body mass, the sum of skin-folds and percent body fat correlated to race time. Conclusions. We assume that inexperienced athletes in ultra-endurance skating need time to gain the experience necessary in choosing the correct equipment and doing the training in order to successfully finish a long-distance inline race. Experienced inliners can only improve race performance in an ultra-endurance inline race such as the ‘Inline One eleven’ through a reduction of their body fat. Key words: skin-fold thickness, body fat, skate shoe, ultra-endurance Introduction short and long-distances in pool swimmers from 50 m to 800 m [9]. Body mass index and endurance perfor- In endurance athletes, the association between an- mance were negatively correlated to running speed in thropometric variables such as body mass, body height, a 161-km trail run [10]. The relationship of the circum- body mass index, the length and girth of extremities, ference of limbs with performance has mainly been in- body fat and skin-fold thicknesses have been investi- vestigated in runners. The circumference of the upper gated mainly in the disciplines of swimming, cycling, arms seemed to be related to performance in ultra-endur- running and the triathlon. Body mass was related to the ance runners [3, 11]. In swimmers, the upper extremity performance of athletes in a 3,000 m steeplechase [1], length was a predictor variable of 100 m freestyle per- marathon [2] and ultra-marathon [3]. Apart from run- formances in both boys and girls [7]. Body fat was re- ners, body mass also showed a relationship with perfor- lated to performance in female marathon runners [12], mance in cyclists, where road cyclists [4] and off-road in male ultra-marathoners [13], in female swimmers cyclists [5, 6] with a lower body mass had an advantage [8, 14], and in male Ironman triathletes [15, 16]. The in endurance cycling during climbs. Body height seems association between skin-fold thicknesses and endurance to be associated with swimming performance, especially performance was mainly investigated in runners. The in female swimmers, where body height was signifi- total sum of five skin-fold thicknesses was related to cantly related to the 100 m freestyle time in girls [7]. In performance in male 10 km runners [17] and the sum of another study, of a 100 yard swim, body height was seven skin-folds was correlated to marathon perfor- significantly related to each female swimmer’s major mance times [2]. competitive stroke [8]. Regarding the length of the Apart from anthropometry, the volume and intensity swimming distance, body height was related to both in training seem to influence performance in runners. In marathoners, the longest mileage covered per training session was the best predictor for the successful comple- tion of a marathon [18]. Scrimgeour et al. described that * Corresponding author. runners training more than 100 km per week had sig- 171 B. Knechtle et al., Performance in inline skaters nificantly faster race times over 10 km to 90 km than Material and methods athletes covering less than 100 km [19]. Bale et al. de- monstrated, in 60 male runners, that elite runners with The organiser of the ‘Inline One eleven’ in St. Gallen, a higher training frequency, higher weekly training vol- Switzerland contacted all the participants of the race ume and longer running experience had better 10 km via a separate newsletter upon joining the 2009 race, performance [17]. Hewson and Hopkins showed a cor- the 12th year of this event. The ‘Inline One eleven’ was the relation between seasonal weekly duration of moderate longest inline skating race in Europe, covering a total continuous running for runners specialising in longer distance of 111 km with a total altitude of 1,400 m to distances [20]. Apart from volume, the running intensity climb. The start of the race was in the heart of the City in running was also of some importance. According to of St. Gallen, and then went on a large loop of 111 km Billat et al., top class marathon runners trained for more in the East of Switzerland returning to St. Gallen. Inliners total kilometres per week, and at a higher velocity, than from all over Europe came to St. Gallen for the longest runners at a lower level [21]. Peak running velocity in inline race in Europe, held on completely closed routes. training was highly related to 5 km run times for both male and female athletes [22]. In ultra-endurance swim- Subjects mers, speed in training was related to race performance in a 26.4 km open-water ultra-swim [23]. In addition to A total of 92 male athletes volunteered for this study. training, pre race experience was also associated with They all gave their written informed consent. The study endurance performance, as described for Ironman tri- was approved by the local Institutional Ethics Commit- athletes. Gulbin and Gaffney described that the previous tee of the Canton St. Gallen, Switzerland. The athletes best performances in an Olympic distance triathlon, came on Saturday 15th August 2009 to get their race coupled with weekly cycling distances and longer numbers and instructions for the race. On 16th August training rides, could partially predict overall Ironman 2009 at 07:00 a.m., the race started. During the 111 km, race performances [24]. Also, in recent studies investi- the organizer offered 11 refreshment points including gating ultra-runners, a personal best marathon time was an opportunity to repair their skates in case of a mal- related to performance in a 24 hour run [25] and with function. Split times and total race time were measured race times in both a 100 km ultra-marathon [26] and using an electronic chip system. multi-stage mountain ultra-marathon [27]. The sports discipline of inline speed skating is a spe- Procedures cial endurance discipline with a technical aspect. Inline skaters use special skates where the number, size and The day before the start of the race the subjects’ hardness of the wheels can be changed and may affect body mass, body height and thickness of skin-folds performance. Before each race the athletes assemble their (pectoralis, axillar, triceps, subscapular, abdomen, su- skates as dictated by the race course. Also, these athletes prailiac, thigh and calf) were measured. With this data, can use ordinary skates or custom made skates, and these body mass index, the sum of eight skin-folds and per- skates can be differentiated by the wheel bearing used. cent body fat were calculated. Body mass was meas- Apart from anthropometry, training and pre race expe- ured using a commercial scale (Beurer BF 15, Beurer, rience, the kind of skates might be differently related to Ulm Germany) to the nearest 0.1 kg. Body height was performance in long-distance inline skaters.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Speed Skating
    Speed Skating About the Tutorial Speed Skating is a sport which is played on ice and the players race with each other by travelling through a certain distance. Since the sport is played across the globe, it has a huge popularity. It is termed as the most exciting sport in Olympics. In this brief tutorial, we will discuss the basics of Speed Skating, along with its rules and playing techniques. Audience This tutorial is meant for anyone who wants to play Speed Skating. It is prepared keeping in mind that the reader is unaware about the basics of the sport. It is a basic guide to help a beginner understand this sport. Prerequisites Before proceeding with this tutorial, you are required to have a passion for Speed Skating and an eagerness to acquire knowledge on the same. Copyright & Disclaimer Copyright 2016 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute, or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher. We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness, or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or in this tutorial, please notify us at [email protected] 1 Speed Skating Table of Contents About the Tutorial .....................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Speed Skating Canada's Long-Term Athlete Development
    LTAD_english_cover.qxp 10/13/2006 10:36 AM Page 1 LTAD_english_cover.qxp 10/13/2006 10:37 AM Page 3 Speed Skating Canada’s Long-Term Athlete Development Plan Table of Contents 2......Glossary of Terms 5......Introduction 6......Overview 6......Shortcomings and Consequences 7......LTAD Framework 8......10 Key Factors Influencing LTAD 8......The Rule of 10 9 .....The FUNdamentals 9......Specialization 10 ....Developmental Age 12....Trainability 14 ....Physical, Mental, Cognitive, and Emotional Development 14 ....Periodization 15....Calendar Planning for Competition 16....System Alignment and Integration 16....Continuous Improvement 17....Speed Skating Canada Stages of LTAD 17....FUNdamentals- Basic Movement Skills 19 ....Learning to Train 22....Training to Train 27....Learning to Compete 32....Training to Compete 36....Learning to Win 36....Training to Win 41....Implementation 42....Appendix 1 Physical, Mental, Cognitive, and Emotional Development Characteristics 48....Appendix 2 Speed Skating LTAD Overview layout 49....Appendix 3 Speed Skating Canada’s Current Canadian Age Class Categories 52....References 52....Credits 1 Glossary of Terms Adaptation refers to a response to a stimulus or a series of stimuli that induces functional and/or morphological changes in the organism. Naturally, the level or degree of adaptation is dependent on the genetical endowment of an individual. However, the general trends or patterns of adaptation are identified by physiological research, and guidelines are clearly delineated of the various adaptation processes, such as adaptation to muscular endurance or maximum strength. Adolescence is a difficult period to define in terms of the time of its onset and termination. During this period, most Photo Credit: Shawn Holman bodily systems become adult both structurally and functionally.
    [Show full text]
  • Right Knee—The Weakest Point of the Best Ultramarathon Runners of the World? a Case Study
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Case Report Right Knee—The Weakest Point of the Best Ultramarathon Runners of the World? A Case Study Robert Gajda 1,* , Paweł Walasek 2 and Maciej Jarmuszewski 3 1 Center for Sports Cardiology, Gajda-Med Medical Center in Pułtusk, 06-100 Pułtusk, Poland 2 Traumatology and Orthopedic Department, Bielanski City Hospital, 01-809 Warszawa, Poland; [email protected] 3 Luxmed Diagnostic, 01-809 Warszawa, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-604286030 Received: 24 June 2020; Accepted: 10 August 2020; Published: 17 August 2020 Abstract: The impact of ultramarathons (UM) on the organs, especially in professional athletes, is poorly understood. We tested a 36-year-old UM male runner before and after winning a 24-h marathon. The primary goal of the study was cardiovascular assessment. The athlete experienced right knee pain for the first time after 12 h of running (approximately 130 km), which intensified, affecting his performance. The competitors ran on a 1984 m rectangle-loop (950 42 m) in an atypical × clockwise fashion. The winner completed 516 rectangular corners. Right knee Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) one day after the run showed general overload in addition to degenerative as well as specific features associated with “turning to the right”. Re-examination after three years revealed none of these findings. Different kinds of overloading of the right lower limb, including right knee pain, were indicated in 6 of 10 competitors from the top 20, including a woman who set the world record. The affected competitors suggested as cause for discomfort the shape of the loop and running direction.
    [Show full text]
  • Feminin Magazine 2015
    i n t e r v i e w Martina Sáblíková Martina Sáblíková (1987) is a speedskater and cyclist from the Czech Republic. She is a three-time winner of the World Championships allround, and holds the world record for the 5000 meters. She won five medals in the Winter Olympics (three gold, winter queen on the road to Rio one silver and one bronze). On the bike she Sáblíková BY JESSICA MERKENS excels in time trialling. She has competed in the World Championships every year since 2011, with a 9th place on the World Martina Sáblíková, the 27-year old icon of long track speed skating from the Czech Republic, is Championships in Valkenburg (2012) as pretty unknown in the world of cycling. She already has five Olympic medals in her trophy case, highest classification. This year she qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de won at the Winter Olympics of 2010 and 2014. Next year she will make her debut on the time trial Janeiro, with her 12th place during the in the Rio de Janeiro Summer Olympics. Winning in both Summer and Winter Olympic Games is Worlds in Richmond. She will be the second something only a few athletes have done in the past, such as Canadian Clara Hughes. She won a Czech athlete to have competed in both Summer as Winter Olympics. stunning total of six Olympic medals (two in cycling, four in speed skating) during her career as an athlete, which ended at the London Olympics in 2012 where she placed a respectable fifth in the time-trial at age 40.
    [Show full text]
  • Fy17 Snap Shot
    Archery ◦ Auto Racing ◦ Badminton ◦ Baseball ◦ Basketball ◦ Beach Lacrosse ◦ Beach Soccer ◦ Beach Volleyball ◦ Biathlon ◦ BMX ◦ Boating ◦ Bowling ◦ Boxing ◦ Broomball ◦ Cheer/Dance ◦ Cricket ◦ Cross Country ◦ Cross Country Skiing ◦ Curling ◦ Cycling ◦ Disc Golf ◦ Diving ◦ Dressage ◦ Driving ◦ Dodgeball ◦ Equestrian ◦ Eventing ◦ Fencing ◦ Field Hockey ◦ Fishing ◦ Flag Football ◦ Foot Bag ◦ Football ◦ Foot Golf ◦ Futsal ◦ Golf ◦ Gymnastics ◦ Horse Racing ◦ Hunting ◦ Ice Hockey ◦ Ice Skating ◦ Indoor Sports ◦ Indoor Track ◦ Jousting ◦ Judo ◦ Karate ◦ Kayaking ◦ Kickball ◦ Lacrosse ◦ Martial Arts ◦ Motorsports ◦ Mountain Biking ◦ Orienteering ◦ Paintball ◦ Polo ◦ Polocrosse ◦ Quidditch ◦ Racquetball ◦ Rafting ◦ Rock Climbing ◦ Rodeo ◦ Roller sports ◦ Rowing ◦ Rugby ◦ Running Sports ◦ Sailing ◦ Shooting ◦ Skateboarding ◦ Soccer ◦ Softball ◦ Speed Skating ◦ Squash ◦ Swimming ◦ Synchronized Swimming ◦ Table Sports ◦ Tae Kwon Doe ◦ Team Handball ◦ Tennis ◦ Track & Field ◦ Triathlon ◦ Ultimate Frisbee ◦ Water Polo ◦ Water Sports ◦ Weight lifting ◦ Wrestling ◦ Tennis ◦ Track & Field ◦ Triathlon ◦ Ultimate Frisbee ◦ Water Polo ◦ Water Sports ◦ Weight lifting ◦ Windsurfing◦ Wrestling ◦ Archery ◦ Auto Racing ◦ Badminton ◦ Baseball ◦ Basketball ◦ Beach Lacrosse ◦ Beach Soccer ◦ Beach Volleyball ◦ Biathlon ◦ BMXFY17 ◦ Boating SNAP ◦ Bowling ◦ Boxing SHOT ◦ Broomball ◦ Cheer/Dance ◦ Cricket ◦ Cross Country ◦ Cross Country Skiing ◦ Curling ◦ Cycling ◦ Disc Golf ◦ Diving ◦ Dressage ◦ Driving ◦ Dodgeball ◦ Equestrian ◦ Eventing ◦ Fencing ◦ Field Hockey ◦
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Placid, Our Small Mountain Community, Is a Special Place to Live, Work and Raise a Family
    The Uihlein – Ironman Sports Fund of Lake Placid Lake Placid, our small mountain community, is a special place to live, work and raise a family. Since the turn of the 20th century, Lake Placid has been known for summer sports, but around 1910 the village became the pioneer winter resort in the United States. This breeding ground for Olympic champions is the only community in the United States to have hosted two Olympic Winter Games. It is this history of nurturing sports and local athletes with national and international promise that inspired the establishment of the Uihlein-Ironman Sports Fund of Lake Placid. The History of Lake Placid Sports In 1932, as the United States was in the midst of the Great Depression, Lake Placid hosted t he III Olympic Wint er Games. It was Godfrey Dewey, son of Dr. Melvil Dewey, founder of the Lake Placid Club and the Dewey Decimal System, who successfully presented the village’s bid for the 1932 games to the International Olympic Committee. “Olympic is not a magic phrase for effortless prosperity,” Godfrey wrote. “It is rather the key to a unique opportunity to achieve by our own united community efforts.” The village did indeed unite, building an arena, bobsled run and improving the ski jumps, cross-country-ski trails and speed-skating oval. The people of the community took a significant financial and volunteer role in the success of the games. Hometown hero Jack Shea was a double gold medallist in speed skating, one of many in a long line of Olympic-caliber athletes from this region.
    [Show full text]
  • PE Olympic Journal Prek-3
    MY OLYMPIC JOURNAL Primary PYEONGCHANG 2018 OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES Grades (2-3) TH MY OLYMPIC JOURNAL | PYEONGCHANG 2018 OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES DAY 1 | THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 8 SPORTS TODAY The Olympics start tomorrow. Most of the athletes will spend today training and resting. It’s an exciting time. It can also be a nervous time. MATCHING GAME PERFORMANCE TIP: SKI JUMPING It’s normal to feel nervous before a big game or test. Even Olympians can feel this way. This is because you want to do your best. Olympians find a way to stay positive. CURLING They focus on the things that they can control. JOUR NAL ACTIVITY Imagine that you are a coach. Your athlete is nervous. What would you say to help calm them down? | 2 | Canadian Olympic School Program www.olympic.ca/education DAY 2 | FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 9TH MY OLYMPIC JOURNAL | PYEONGCHANG 2018 OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES SPORTS TODAY OPENING CEREMONY Today is the Opening Ceremony. Athletes parade into the stadium behind their flag. The Olympic Flame is lit. The athletes MATCHING GAME promise to play fair. The officials promise to judge fairly. CURLING JOUR NAL ACTIVITY Athletes promise to play fair. Why is that important? Draw and colour a picture that shows you playing fair. FIGURE SKATING FREESTYLE SKIING FUN FACT: FLAG BEARER The flag bearer marches in front of our team. It is a big honour. The name of Canada’s flag bearer is a big secret. We only learn who it is in the last week. | 3 | Canadian Olympic School Program www.olympic.ca/education TH MY OLYMPIC JOURNAL | PYEONGCHANG 2018 OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES DAY 3 | SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 10 SPORTS TODAY CANADA’S MEDAL COUNT: _______ GOLD _______ SILVER _______ BRONZE MATCHING GAME SAMUEL GIRARD BIATHLON Born: 06/26/1996 (Chicoutimi, QC) Sport: Short Track Speed Skating Samuel Girard grew up in a small Quebec town.
    [Show full text]
  • ROLLER SPEED SKATING ROLLER SPEED SKATING TEAM OFFICIALS´ GUIDE 3Rd Youth Olympic Games Buenos Aires 2018 September 2018 CONTENT
    ROLLER SPEED SKATING ROLLER SPEED SKATING TEAM OFFICIALS´ GUIDE 3rd Youth Olympic Games Buenos Aires 2018 September 2018 CONTENT 1 Acronyms 4 2 About the Team Official Guide 5 3 Competition: Relevant Information 6 3.1 Key Dates 6 3.2 Key Contacts 7 3.3 IF Representatives 8 3.4 National Technical Officials 8 3.5 Medal Event 9 3.6 Competition Format 9 3.7 Sport Rules & procedures 11 3.8 Equipment & Clothing 12 3.9 Late Athlete Replacement Policy 23 3.10 Sport Information 24 3.11 Competition & Training Schedule 26 4 Pre-Competition Procedures 26 5 Competition Procedures 27 6 Post Competition Procedures 28 7 Venue Information 30 8 The Youth Olympic Games 32 ROLLER SPEED SKATING TEAM OFFICIALS´ GUIDE 3rd Youth Olympic Games Buenos Aires 2018 September 2018 The information provided in this publication is accurate at the time of production. The World Skate (WSK) approved the regulations and conditions of Roller Speed Skating compe- tition of the Buenos Aires 2018 3rd Summer Youth Olympic Games on August 2018. ROLLER SPEED SKATING TEAM OFFICIALS´ GUIDE 3rd Youth Olympic Games Buenos Aires 2018 September 2018 1. ACRONYMS ADRV Anti-Doping Rule Violation AEP Jorge Newbery Airport - Aeroparque BAYOGOC Buenos Aires Youth Olympic Games Organising Committee BOH Back og House CAP Confederación Argentina de Patín CASI Club Atlético San isidro CdM Chef de Mission CCS Common Shuttle Service DCS Doping Control Station EIC Event Information Centre EZE Ministro Pistarini International Airport - Ezeiza GCBA Buenos Aires City´s Government IF International Federation
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf 913.56 Kb
    2013 Anti‐Doping Testing Figures Sport Report ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2013 Anti‐Doping Testing Figures Samples Analyzed and Reported by Accredited Laboratories in ADAMS Table of Contents Table 1 : Total Samples Analyzed in Olympic Sport/Disciplines (as reported in ADAMS) Table 2 : Total Samples Analyzed in IOC Recognized Sport/Disciplines (as reported in ADAMS) Table 3 : Total Samples Analyzed in AIMS Sport/Disciplines (as reported in ADAMS) Table 4 : Total Samples Analyzed in Sports for Athletes with an Impairment (as reported in ADAMS) Table 5 : Total Samples Analyzed in IPC Sport/Disciplines (as reported in ADAMS) Table 6 : Total Samples Analyzed in Other Sport/Disciplines (as reported in ADAMS) Table 7 : GC/C/IRMS Tests Conducted in Olympic Sport/Disciplines Table 8 : EPO Tests Conducted in Olympic Sport/Disciplines Table 9 : hGH Tests Conducted in Olympic Sport/Disciplines Table 10 : HBOCs and HBT (Transfusion) Tests Conducted in Olympic Sport/Disciplines Table 11 : GC/C/IRMS Tests Conducted in IOC Recognized Sport/Disciplines Table 12 : EPO Tests Conducted in IOC Recognized Sport/Disciplines Table 13 : hGH Tests Conducted in IOC Recognized Sport/Disciplines Table 14 : HBOCs and HBT (Transfusion) Tests Conducted in IOC Recognized Sport/Disciplines Table 15 : GC/C/IRMS Tests Conducted in AIMS Sport/Disciplines Table 16 : EPO Tests Conducted in AIMS Sport/Disciplines Table 17 : hGH, HBOCs and HBT (Transfusion) Tests Conducted in AIMS Sport/Disciplines Table 18 : GC/C/IRMS
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article CHANGES in RUNNING SPEEDS in a 100 KM
    © Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (2004) 3, 167-173 http://www.jssm.org Research article CHANGES IN RUNNING SPEEDS IN A 100 KM ULTRA- MARATHON RACE Mike I. Lambert , Jonathan P. Dugas, Mark C. Kirkman, Gaonyadiwe G. Mokone and Miriam R. Waldeck MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa Received: 09 March 2004 / Accepted: 01 July 2004 / Published (online): 01 September 2004 ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine if runners who completed a 100 km ultramarathon race in the fastest times changed their running speeds differently compared to those runners who ran an overall slower race. Times were taken from the race results of the 1995 100 km IAU World Challenge in Winschoten, Netherlands. Race times and 10 km split times were analyzed. Runners (n = 67) were divided into groups of ten with the last group consisting of seven runners. The mean running speed for each 10 km segment was calculated using each runner’s 10 km split times. Mean running speed was calculated using each runner’s race time. The first 10 km split time was normalized to 100, with all subsequent times adjusted accordingly. The mean running speed for each group at each 10 km split was then calculated. The faster runners started at a faster running speed, finished the race within 15 % of their starting speed, and maintained their starting speed for longer (approximately 50 km) before slowing. The slower runners showed a greater percentage decrease in their mean running speed, and were unable to maintain their initial pace for as long.
    [Show full text]
  • Mastering Science of the Slide Crucial to Success of Every Winter Olympian by IVAN SEMENIUK
    Mastering science of the slide crucial to success of every winter Olympian By IVAN SEMENIUK Think about it: Every sport at the Winter Olympics relies on some kind of man‐made object sliding over ice or snow. As Ivan Semeniuk writes, winning isn't just about the athletes, but also the scientists – mastering equipment design by understanding the frictional forces at work Watch a group of children in a schoolyard as they take running leaps onto a bare patch of ice and you know you're witnessing a kind of joy that's been around a long, long time. Our fascination with ice and its slippery nature may date back to the depths of the Pleistocene, when the first Homo sapiens left Africa and pushed northward into the glacier‐bound world beyond. During the course of that epic journey, someone had to have been the first to see the latent fun in a frozen pond or a snow‐covered hill. Fast forward a few hundred thousands years and the 2014 Winter Games are set to begin. Like its summer counterpart, the quadrennial event is humanity's most recognized expression of the athletic ideal. But it's also an acknowledgment that the coolest thing about winter is that we've invented so many ways to play with frozen water. One way or another, every competition in Sochi will come down to some kind of man‐made object sliding over ice or snow – an almost magical phenomenon that makes the winter sports we love possible. And like every love affair, it comes with an element of mystery.
    [Show full text]
  • PRESS RELEASE for Immediate Release
    PRESS RELEASE For immediate release THE MAYOR VALÉRIE PLANTE AND JEAN-PHILIPPE WAUTHIER IN THE HEART OF THE MONTREAL INTERNATIONAL TRIATHLON’S THIRD EDITION A three-day program of festivities, international athletes and hundreds of amateur athletes Montréal, July 30, 2018 – The Montréal International Triathlon presented by Sportium unveiled its spokesperson, Jean-Philippe Wauthier, and its honorary participant, Mayor Valérie Plante, at the Café de la Grande Roue de Montreal, located in the Old Port, where will be held its 3rd edition. The President and CEO of the event, Patrice Brunet, took the opportunity to discuss with the spokesperson and the Mayor of the novelty, the Twilight Run of the Old Port, which will launch the festivities of this edition of the ITU Montreal on Friday August 24. Jean-Philippe Wauthier, ambassador of the Twilight Run in the Old Port During this new 5-km event, participants will race to the rhythm of DJ Abeille, who will be on the Old Port site for the entire weekend. Once the participants cross the finish line, they will be led to food trucks and Aperol Spritz cocktails. Triathlete in his spare time and a jogging enthusiast, Jean-Philippe Wauthier also invites athletes of all levels to participate in this new activity, since he is the official ambassador. "We are privileged to work with Jean-Philippe and Valérie as they allow us to expand the scope of the participative component of our event. They perfectly represent our clientele of athletes who train on a daily basis, while combining their family and professional lives, "says Patrice Brunet.
    [Show full text]