Quantification of Movement Patterns in Cross-Country Skiing Using Inertial Measurement Units
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Speed Skating
Speed Skating About the Tutorial Speed Skating is a sport which is played on ice and the players race with each other by travelling through a certain distance. Since the sport is played across the globe, it has a huge popularity. It is termed as the most exciting sport in Olympics. In this brief tutorial, we will discuss the basics of Speed Skating, along with its rules and playing techniques. Audience This tutorial is meant for anyone who wants to play Speed Skating. It is prepared keeping in mind that the reader is unaware about the basics of the sport. It is a basic guide to help a beginner understand this sport. Prerequisites Before proceeding with this tutorial, you are required to have a passion for Speed Skating and an eagerness to acquire knowledge on the same. Copyright & Disclaimer Copyright 2016 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute, or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher. We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness, or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or in this tutorial, please notify us at [email protected] 1 Speed Skating Table of Contents About the Tutorial ..................................................................................................................................................... -
THE EFFECT of LOWER LIMB LOADING on ECONOMY and KINEMATICS of SKATE ROLLER SKIING by Tyler Johnson Reinking a Thesis Submitted I
THE EFFECT OF LOWER LIMB LOADING ON ECONOMY AND KINEMATICS OF SKATE ROLLER SKIING by Tyler Johnson Reinking A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Health and Human Development MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana May 2014 ©COPYRIGHT by Tyler Johnson Reinking 2014 All Rights Reserved ii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................1 Load Carriage...........................................................................................................3 Limb Velocity ..........................................................................................................6 Purpose .....................................................................................................................8 Hypotheses ...............................................................................................................9 Delimitations ..........................................................................................................10 Limitations .............................................................................................................10 Assumptions ...........................................................................................................11 Operational Definitions ..........................................................................................11 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................14 -
Speed Skating Canada's Long-Term Athlete Development
LTAD_english_cover.qxp 10/13/2006 10:36 AM Page 1 LTAD_english_cover.qxp 10/13/2006 10:37 AM Page 3 Speed Skating Canada’s Long-Term Athlete Development Plan Table of Contents 2......Glossary of Terms 5......Introduction 6......Overview 6......Shortcomings and Consequences 7......LTAD Framework 8......10 Key Factors Influencing LTAD 8......The Rule of 10 9 .....The FUNdamentals 9......Specialization 10 ....Developmental Age 12....Trainability 14 ....Physical, Mental, Cognitive, and Emotional Development 14 ....Periodization 15....Calendar Planning for Competition 16....System Alignment and Integration 16....Continuous Improvement 17....Speed Skating Canada Stages of LTAD 17....FUNdamentals- Basic Movement Skills 19 ....Learning to Train 22....Training to Train 27....Learning to Compete 32....Training to Compete 36....Learning to Win 36....Training to Win 41....Implementation 42....Appendix 1 Physical, Mental, Cognitive, and Emotional Development Characteristics 48....Appendix 2 Speed Skating LTAD Overview layout 49....Appendix 3 Speed Skating Canada’s Current Canadian Age Class Categories 52....References 52....Credits 1 Glossary of Terms Adaptation refers to a response to a stimulus or a series of stimuli that induces functional and/or morphological changes in the organism. Naturally, the level or degree of adaptation is dependent on the genetical endowment of an individual. However, the general trends or patterns of adaptation are identified by physiological research, and guidelines are clearly delineated of the various adaptation processes, such as adaptation to muscular endurance or maximum strength. Adolescence is a difficult period to define in terms of the time of its onset and termination. During this period, most Photo Credit: Shawn Holman bodily systems become adult both structurally and functionally. -
A Paradigm for Identifying Ability in Competition
http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10038-011-0016-8. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.uzh.ch Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. Main Library http://www.zora.uzh.ch Winterthurerstr. 190 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Originally published at: Knechtle, B; Knechtle, P; Rosemann, T (2011). A paradigm for identifying ability in competition: The association between anthropometry, training and equipment with race times in male long-distance inline skaters - the ‘Inline One Eleven'. Human Movement, 12(2):171-179. Year: 2011 A paradigm for identifying ability in competition: The association between anthropometry, training and equipment with race times in male long-distance inline skaters - the ‘Inline One Eleven' Knechtle, B; Knechtle, P; Rosemann, T http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10038-011-0016-8. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.uzh.ch Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. http://www.zora.uzh.ch Originally published at: Knechtle, B; Knechtle, P; Rosemann, T (2011). A paradigm for identifying ability in competition: The association between anthropometry, training and equipment with race times in male long-distance inline skaters - the ‘Inline One Eleven'. Human Movement, 12(2):171-179. 2011, vol. 12 (2), 171 – 179 A PARADIGM FOR IDENTIFYING ABILITY IN COMPETITION: THE ASSociation BETWEEN ANTHropometry, TRAINING AND EQUIPMENT WITH RACE TIMES IN MALE LONG-DIStance INLINE SKaters – THE ‘INLINE ONE ELEVEN’ doi: 10.2478/v10038-011-0016-8 Beat KNECHTLE 1, 2 *, PatriZIA KNECHTLE 1, THOMAS ROSEMANN 2 1 Gesundheitszentrum St. -
Business in Brief
Business in brief 1. MARKET TENDENCIES The number of people in the world, who are engaged in skiing, is growing rapidly and according to various estimates by 2020 will exceed 500 million of people. During the past 3 years skiing season at European ski resorts has decreased by 30% due to warm and less snow winters. People want to enjoy skiing in the mountains but also tend to train in advance before the visit. This kind of dynamic stimulates the demand for ski services, including the development of indoor ski clubs. Some European countries with the population of 9-10 million have about 40 ski clubs and each has 2-3 «endless slope» ski simulators. We know from our experience, that the population of up to 50 thousand people, who are living within 20-25 minutes away, would be enough to provide the positive financial business of the club. In developing countries with the income level lower than the European one, ski vacations are gaining pace. Therefore, 1 club will open for every 200,000 citizens at first. The next 3-4 years will increase this ratio to 1 ski club for every 100,000 citizens. Indoor ski club guarantees the low level of competition in the niche of active recreations and the annual 100% level of demand. Due to the Proleski unique features, it is possible to get more than 65% of regulars with high and long-term customer loyalty. Ski Club - is a profitable and perspective business: The indoor Ski Club - is one of the fastest growing and profitable businesses with low competition among the outdoor activities (the increase of demand - more than 100% annually). -
Biomechanics in Cross-Country Skiing Skating Technique and Measurement Techniques of Force Production JYU DISSERTATIONS 97
JYU DISSERTATIONS 97 Olli Ohtonen Biomechanics in Cross-country Skiing Skating Technique and Measurement Techniques of Force Production JYU DISSERTATIONS 97 Olli Ohtonen Biomechanics in Cross-country Skiing Skating Technique and Measurement Techniques of Force Production Esitetään Jyväskylän yliopiston liikuntatieteellisen tiedekunnan suostumuksella julkisesti tarkastettavaksi Sokos Hotel Vuokatin auditoriossa (Kidekuja 2, Vuokatti) kesäkuun 29. päivänä 2019 kello 12. Academic dissertation to be publicly discussed, by permission of the Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences of the University of Jyväskylä, at the auditorium of Sokos Hotel Vuokatti (Kidekuja 2, Vuokatti), on June 29, 2019 at 12 o’clock noon. JYVÄSKYLÄ 2019 Editors Simon Walker Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä Ville Korkiakangas Open Science Centre, University of Jyväskylä Cover picture by Antti Närhi. Copyright © 2019, by University of Jyväskylä Permanent link to this publication: http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-39-7797-9 ISBN 978-951-39-7797-9 (PDF) URN:ISBN:978-951-39-7797-9 ISSN 2489-9003 ABSTRACT Ohtonen, Olli Biomechanics in cross-country skiing skating technique and measurement techniques of force production Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2019, 76 p. JYU Dissertations ISSN 2489-9003; 97) ISBN 978-951-39-7797-9 (PDF) Requirements of a successful skier have changed during last decades due to e.g. changes in race forms and developments of equipment. The purpose of this the- sis was to clarify in four Articles (I-IV) what are the requests modern skate ski- ing sets for the athletes in a biomechanical point of view. Firstly, it was ex- plained how skiers control speed from low to maximal speeds (I). -
Classical Style Constructed Roller Skis and Grip Functionality
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 13 (2011) 4–9 5th Asia-Pacific Congress on Sports Technology (APCST) Classical style constructed roller skis and grip functionality Mats Ainegren*, Peter Carlsson, Mats Tinnsten Department of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Mid Sweden University, Akademigatan 1, Östersund 831 25, Sweden Received 18 March 2011; revised 30 April 2011; accepted 1 May 2011 Abstract Roller skis are used by cross-country skiers for snow-free training, with the aim of imitating skiing on snow. The roller skis on the market that are constructed for use in the classical style are equipped with a front and a back wheel, one of which has a ratchet to enable it to grip the surface when diagonal striding and kick double poling. A new type of roller ski was constructed with a function which makes it necessary to use the same kick technique as that used on snow, i.e. the ski has a camber that must be pushed down to obtain grip. Its stiffness can be adjusted based on factors that influence grip, i.e. the skier’s bodyweight and technical skiing skills. Thus, our aim was to make comparative measurements as regards grip between ratcheted roller skis and the roller ski with a camber and compare with previous published results for grip waxed skis during cross-country skiing on snow. The measurements were carried out using specially developed equipment, with a bottom plate and an overlying rubber mat of the same type as used on many treadmills and a function for applying different loads and generating traction on the back of the roller ski. -
Right Knee—The Weakest Point of the Best Ultramarathon Runners of the World? a Case Study
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Case Report Right Knee—The Weakest Point of the Best Ultramarathon Runners of the World? A Case Study Robert Gajda 1,* , Paweł Walasek 2 and Maciej Jarmuszewski 3 1 Center for Sports Cardiology, Gajda-Med Medical Center in Pułtusk, 06-100 Pułtusk, Poland 2 Traumatology and Orthopedic Department, Bielanski City Hospital, 01-809 Warszawa, Poland; [email protected] 3 Luxmed Diagnostic, 01-809 Warszawa, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-604286030 Received: 24 June 2020; Accepted: 10 August 2020; Published: 17 August 2020 Abstract: The impact of ultramarathons (UM) on the organs, especially in professional athletes, is poorly understood. We tested a 36-year-old UM male runner before and after winning a 24-h marathon. The primary goal of the study was cardiovascular assessment. The athlete experienced right knee pain for the first time after 12 h of running (approximately 130 km), which intensified, affecting his performance. The competitors ran on a 1984 m rectangle-loop (950 42 m) in an atypical × clockwise fashion. The winner completed 516 rectangular corners. Right knee Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) one day after the run showed general overload in addition to degenerative as well as specific features associated with “turning to the right”. Re-examination after three years revealed none of these findings. Different kinds of overloading of the right lower limb, including right knee pain, were indicated in 6 of 10 competitors from the top 20, including a woman who set the world record. The affected competitors suggested as cause for discomfort the shape of the loop and running direction. -
The Upside of Roller Skiing Text by DAVID LAWRENCE; Photos by NEIL BAUNSGARD
Skiing Without Snow: The Upside of Roller Skiing Text by DAVID LAWRENCE; photos by NEIL BAUNSGARD oller skis have been used by cross-country USE THE RIGHT GEAR skiers training in the off season for more than You can choose between two types of roller skis: classic skis or skate skis. If you 25 years. Today, the technology, the feel, and can only afford one pair, I recommend skate the on-snow benefits of dryland skiing isn’t skis. I think they offer the most snow-like just for the nords! feel and provide more speed and enjoyment. They also allow downhill skiers to carry “TheR roller skiing we do today feels so skis. Here’s why: The direct benefits of over more alpine movements (like ski much different than roller skiing 15 years roller skiing for nordic skiers are obvious— pressuring and ski-specific balance). ago. Today it actually feels like skiing,” says sport-specific muscle training, technique As when skiing, there are a few must- Andrew Gerlach, owner of Endurance improvement, and endurance training. haves before you set out. A bike helmet is Enterprises, Inc., an athlete management In addition, our alpine friends gain core- a must for roller skiing. Gravel, asphalt, and sports marketing company in Bozeman, balance development and refinement; fine tar, and dirt don’t give way like snow, so Montana. Gerlach, an avid asphalt roller motor movements and skills in the feet, I recommend that you protect your head skier, has it right. Roller skiing gives you legs, hips and abs; as well as enhanced and your life with a helmet. -
Introducing Young Athletes to Roller Skiing
Introducing Young Athletes to Roller Skiing 9.1.1 Introduction to Roller Skiing Young athletes are introduced to roller skiing for the purpose of improving their ski technique and developing basic roller-ski skills that they can build on in the future. When introducing this new activity you may wish to educate both the athlete and their parents on the principal objective at this stage and to explain to them that it should not be used as a “training method” before the athlete enters the Training to Train stage. For those athletes that pursue excellence, roller skiing will become an essential, specific, all round training method, and skiers in the Training to Compete and Training to Win stages may use it for up to 50% of their off-season training. With good skills, these athletes can do strength, sprints, distance and technique work - all on their roller skis. Understandably it takes practice for an athlete to achieve a good level of competency and there are progressive steps beginners should follow when they first start out in order to ensure their safety and long-term success with this activity. Following are guidelines to help your athletes get started the right way. Young athletes can be introduced to roller skis before the end of the Learning to Train stage. The activity should take place in group sessions under the supervision of a qualified coach. Initial roller ski sessions should be short in length (not more than 30-40 minutes) because beginners may develop shin pains the first few times they try it. -
Feminin Magazine 2015
i n t e r v i e w Martina Sáblíková Martina Sáblíková (1987) is a speedskater and cyclist from the Czech Republic. She is a three-time winner of the World Championships allround, and holds the world record for the 5000 meters. She won five medals in the Winter Olympics (three gold, winter queen on the road to Rio one silver and one bronze). On the bike she Sáblíková BY JESSICA MERKENS excels in time trialling. She has competed in the World Championships every year since 2011, with a 9th place on the World Martina Sáblíková, the 27-year old icon of long track speed skating from the Czech Republic, is Championships in Valkenburg (2012) as pretty unknown in the world of cycling. She already has five Olympic medals in her trophy case, highest classification. This year she qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de won at the Winter Olympics of 2010 and 2014. Next year she will make her debut on the time trial Janeiro, with her 12th place during the in the Rio de Janeiro Summer Olympics. Winning in both Summer and Winter Olympic Games is Worlds in Richmond. She will be the second something only a few athletes have done in the past, such as Canadian Clara Hughes. She won a Czech athlete to have competed in both Summer as Winter Olympics. stunning total of six Olympic medals (two in cycling, four in speed skating) during her career as an athlete, which ended at the London Olympics in 2012 where she placed a respectable fifth in the time-trial at age 40. -
It's Snow Time!
It’s Snow Time! The Ergonomics of Skiing and Snowboarding By Tamara Mitchell There are several different types of skiing which produce somewhat different strains and possibilities for injury, and snowboarding presents still different strains on the body. By far, the most prevalent recreational type of skiing is Alpine or downhill skiing. Cross-country skiing has gained a lot in popularity, too, and provides the opportunity for a superb aerobic workout outside the usual ski resorts. Telemarking and ski mountaineering are fairly uncommon forms of skiing and since little data exists for these types of skiing injuries, we will not cover them in this article. Snowboarders, though they are on the slopes with the downhill skiers, do not share the same type of techniques nor injuries as skiers. In general, reporting of overuse injuries in professional sports is under reported. Injury data reported can be misleading, since most studies include data from medical facilities at ski resorts that treat primarily traumatic injuries and some research has found significant underreporting of injuries relating to tendons, ligaments, muscles, and joints by medical and technical personnel at World Cup competitions in comparison to problems reported during interviews with the athletes.1 Overuse injuries are likely treated by a medical practitioner at some later time, even months or years after suffering mild discomforts of overuse. Using lost time from sports (training or tournaments) has also not been a good measure of overuse injury incidence since athletes often participate with nagging low-level, persistent pain and frequently do not report it.2 Surveying or questioning athletes about their pain and pain level appears to be a much more relevant way of detecting overuse injuries, though it is rarely used.2 Proper conditioning prior to the snow season is important for all of these sports.