26484 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 7, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS TRIBUTE TO GARY P. HAYES-A Gary's strong and effective leadership, CFrom the New York Times, Oct. 7, 19851 TRUE FRIEND OF LAW EN­ PERF has provided important management WHY NoT Do AS WE SAY? FORCEMENT services and training; selected police chiefs; conducted research; and fostered innova­ BosToN.-"They should deal with the Af­ HON. MARIO BIAGGI tion in police operations. Gary was hand­ rican National Congress." That was Secre­ OF NEW YORK picked to be the founding executive direc­ tary of State Shultz's urgent advice last IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tor of this well-respected group by Patrick week to the South African Government. He Murphy, former New York City Police Monday, October 7, 1985 said Pretoria should release Nelson Mandela Commissioner and the founder of the from prison and start talking with him and Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, I want to pay Police Foundation. In what turned out to his banned nationalist organization. a very special tribute today to Gary P. be an appropriate twist of fate, PERF Sound advice, most specialists on South Hayes, the founding executive director of awarded their second annual leadership Africa would say, because the A.N.C. has widespread support among the black maJori· the Police Executive Research Forum. Gary award earlier this year to Patrick Murphy. died on September 8 at the very young age ty. But there is a puzzling question about it: I was most honored to present the award Why don't Secretary Shultz and his col­ of 40. He had much left to give this Nation, that night in May, but more importantly, leagues take the advice themselves? especially our law enforcement community. the occasion provided a fitting opportunity Reagan Administration officials will not Without question, his loss will be sorely for two longtime friends and associates to meet leaders of the A.N.C. There have been felt. However, I do not intend to dwell on express their deep mutual respect for one casual encounters with American diplomats that loss today. Instead, I want to discuss another. In fact, as moving as any words at receptions here and there, but U.S. policy Gary's exceptional commitment to law en­ that were spoken that night was Gary's excludes regular appointments and discus­ forcement, his shining example, and his sions. presence, since he was in a very weakened South African business leaders went to many triumphs. state due to his illness. It was obvious to I am especially proud to pay tribute to Zambia last month to talk with officials of anyone in attendance that Gary Hayes was the A.N.C. But those officials are not invit· Gary because of the two common bonds an admired man-by those who knew him ed to the U.S. Embassy in Lusaka. Oliver that we share-a law enforcement back­ well and by those who only knew of him. Tambo, the A.N.C. president, came to this ground and the fact that we are both New He had done so much in so little time and, country last spring and met business people York City natives. Over the last few years, mainly, it was because he cared so much and others. He was not invited to the State I am pleased to say that we also shared about what he was doing. Department. many goals, including the enactment of leg­ Urging South Africa to talk with the The police community has made great A.N.C. while we do not do so ourselves is so islation to outlaw armor-piercing "cop strides in recent years and to a large meas­ killer" bullets, and the establishment of a curious that to make sure the policy re­ ure that progress is due to Gary's work, es­ mained in effect, I asked the State Depart­ National Law Enforcement Heroes Memo­ pecially at PERF, which provided the law ment last week. A spokesman checked with rial. Both of these goals will soon be enforcement community with a unique op­ an official of the African Bureau and then achieved, and Gary, as well as the very portunity to exchange ideas and informa­ reported: "You're right, we have never met competent individuals he guided at PERF, tion important to American policing. theA.N.C." deserve much of the credit for these soon­ Gary gave us a great deal and through That anaomaly is indicative of the more to-be completed success stories. general trouble with the Reagan policy his work and his example he will continue toward South Africa. While Mr. Shultz says Gary's interest and activities in law en­ to give. He was a truly special person and forcement date back to 1969 when he that the apartheid system must go-and his death is a major blow to us all. Yet, we means it-the message does not get through served as a patrolman for the Westchester are comforted by all he was able to accom­ to South Africans with clarity or force. County, NY, Parkway Police. Later, Gary plish and we offer our condolences and The recent history of American policy is went on to become a lawyer, a consultant continued strength to his wife, Susan, and one reason for its muffled impact in South to the Police Foundation, an assistant to his two sons, JG and Alexander. Africa. For four years the Reagan Adminis· the mayor of Boston for police affairs, and tration acted on the assumptions that P.W. an assistant police commissioner of Boston Botha's Government was ready for accom­ from 1973 to 1976. modation on its borders and meaningful HOLDING PRETORIA reform at home. The assumptions were fal· In honor of his expertise and consider­ ACCOUNTABLE lacious. And acting on them, cozying up to able abilities, Gary was appointed by Presi­ the white regime, made the United States dent Carter to serve on the Justice Depart­ look like its supporter. ment's Bureau of Justice Statistics Adviso­ HON. ROBERT GARCIA Events forced a change in the Reagan ry Board. This would have been a full OF NEW YORK policy. Mr. Botha's brutal repression at career for most ordinary people, but Gary IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES home and military aggression across the was extraordinary and he had much to do borders made it impossible to keep saying in the short time he was given. He went on Monday, October 7, 1985 with a straight face that change was at hand. Congressional opposition was about to the serve as chairman of the National Mr. GARCIA. Mr. Speaker, today's New overwhelm the policy when President Forum on Criminal Justice. He was a York Times had an article by columnist Reagan made his timely switch to modest member of the steering committee of the Anthony Lewis on the need for the Reagan sanctions against apartheid. National Crime Prevention Coalition. He administration to speak with clarity in its But American responses to the alarming was a founder of the Commission on Law condemnation of the South African Gov­ reality of the South African crisis remain Enforcement Accreditation, and he served ernment. faint and timid. Mr. Botha insults the on the National Coalition of Jail Reform. As Mr. Lewis so aptly points out, we United States, and the whisper comes back. The list goes on, but certainly for the must hold Pretoria accountable for its ac­ His police shoot children, and you have to strain to hear any comment from the Presi­ final 10 years of his life, the bulk of Gary's tions, "by speaking with one voice, acting dent of the United States. vast professional energies were devoted to on stated principles, marshaling its eco­ There could hardly be a more deliberate the Police Executive Research Forum, a nomic and political resources against the insult, between supposed diplomatic friends, professional organization representing racist system it condemned." He's right. I than what the South African Government some 80 police chiefs of major cities. Under submit his article for the RECORD: has done lately on its borders. Its planes

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member of the Senate on the floor. Boldface type indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. October 7, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26485 and troops have struck deep into Angola, In 1971, Al's horizons broadened and he present the Maimonides Award to Alfred J. and it has admitted supporting terrorist pursued a position on the Morris County Sherman, M.D., for best personifying the forces in Mozambique-both in violation of Board of Chosen Freeholders. After cam­ "Maimonides" tradition, "both as a caring the most serious undertakings to the United States. paigning tirelessly across the county, Al physican and as a concerned citizen dedi­ To that President Botha has recently was, in fact, elected to the board. Within 2 cated to the welfare of his community and added personal insults. Speaking to a party years, he had so effectively won the praise the State of Israel." congress, he said: "President Reagan, who and admiration of his colleagues that he I would like to bring to the attention of has much to say in his mispronouncing way was selected as the deputy director of the my colleagues in the U.S. Congress some of about apartheid, is shoving Indians into res­ board, under my watchful eye as the direc­ the contributions Dr. Sherman has made ervations ..." tor of the board. over the years whic~ have made him an ex­ Or think about the behavior of the police Not being content to serve as an elected cellent choice for this very prestigious as they occupy black townships in South Africa. A study by Cape Town University official, Al decided to seek a spot on the award. Presently, Dr. Sherman is chief of found that 83 percent of detainees it ques­ Freeholder Board by an unorthodox path service, obstetrics and gynecology, at the tioned reported being tortured by such and did not choose to seek reelection in Harrisburg Hospital and is an obstetrician methods as electric shock, strangulation and 1975. Instead, he was returned to the board and gynecologist at Holy Spirit Hospital. beating. in January 1976, by appointment to fill my He is a clinical assistant professor of ob­ Imagine how the Reagan Administration unexpired term. stetrics and gynecology at the Milton S. would react if Nicaragua invaded one neigh­ After serving numerous terms as the Hershey Medical Center. boring country and admitted supplying ter­ deputy director of the board, Al was select­ In addition to Dr. Sherman's medical rorists in another, if its police shot into ed as director of the board in 1979. crowds of people day after day, if it de­ contributions, he has served the Harrisburg tained 3,000 of its own citizens without Over his many years of service, Al was community in a number of capacities. He charges, including hundreds of children. known for his many leadership qualities. was cochairman of the United Jewish Com­ The outrage would not be muffled. His cool head and clear thought process; munity Appeal for 2 years and has recently A State Department spokesman, Sondra his evenhanded approach to problem-solv­ completed his term as president of the McCarty, said last month: "With the state ing; and, his willingness to consider new United Jewish Federation of Greater Har­ of emergency in effect, and violence and re­ and novel approaches to resolve difficult risburg. He is also a past president of Ohev pression affecting the lives of so many situations earned him the admiration of all Sholom Temple and of the Dauphin Unit of South Africans, we believe the South Afri­ can Government must be held publicly ac­ with whom he shared public life. the American Cancer Society. He has been countable for its actions." More important and more profound than a board member of the Tri-County Planned Exactly. But the United States Govern­ the admiration of his colleagues, is the per­ Parenthood Association and the Harrisburg ment is not holding Pretoria accountable in sonal acclaim and applause that the people Community Theatre. the only way that will be understood: by of Morris County hold for Al Scerbo. Al Mr. Speaker, I can think of no better way speaking in one voice, acting on its stated Scerbo is a nice guy who tries his hardest to pay tribute to Dr. Sherman than by principles, marshaling its economic and po­ and goes the extra mile to help anyone who naming him recipient of Israel's 1985 Mai­ litical resources against the racist system it needs him, and everybody knows it. monides Award. Dr. Sherman is an out­ condemns. Other American institutions, then, must Republicans, Democrats, and independ­ standing example of dedication and excel­ make the message loud and clear. As ents all know that Al can be counted on, lence. I ask that my colleagues join me in through this whole year of South African that he will do whatever is needed to solve saluting this fine man. crisis, the American public will have to lead a problem, and that he can deliver. its Government to a proportionate response. Al Scerbo can't find a comer of Morris Count;· where he isn't welcomed with TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF INDE­ cheers, handshakes, and, of course, kisses. PENDENCE FOR THE REPUBLIC A TRIBUTE TO ALFONSE W. The chidren know him, their parents know OF CYPRUS SCERBO him, and their grandparents· know him. They all like him, and they all have a HON. WILUAMJ.COYNE HON. DEAN A. GALLO reason to thank him. OF PENNSYLVANIA OF NEW JERSEY Mr. Speaker, that is precisely why I have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES taken this body's time today: To thank Al Tuesday, October 1, 1985 Monday, October 7, 1985 Scerbo. I want to add my voice to the chorus Mr. COYNE. Mr. Speaker, in 1960, after Mr. GALLO. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to from my county. I want to add my voice to years of deliberation and negotiations, an share with my fellow Members of Congress those of the Knights of Columbus, the island in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea the accomplishments of a truly dedicated VFW, the American Legion, the Elks Club, was granted independence from the coloni­ and committed public servant, Alfonse W. the National Sokols and the members of al rule of the British Government. The Scerbo. UNICO International, who all just want to Zurich-London Agreement, introduced to In public life, we all have the occasion to say "Thanks, Al." the world a new, democratic nation: the Re­ meet fell ow public servants. Each and I would like to request that the rest of public of Cyprus. every one has recognized his or her person­ my colleagues take note of the retirement The Republic of Cyprus, soon thereafter al obligation to our system of government of Al Scerbo and that we, as a body, offer recognized by the U.S. Government, began and to improving our collective quality of our thanks, praise, and applause as he to grow economically. The country's econo­ life. For this, all public officials deserve walks from the county courthouse to the my continues to operate at nearly 100 per­ recognition. golf course. cent employment. Emphasis has been Some public servants, however, deserve a placed on education, and because of that, special recognition. Among the thousands the Cypriot nation today has a literacy rate of elected and appointed public servants TRIBUTE TO DR. ALFRED J. of almost 99 percent. Cyprus has become there are a few who singularly distinguish SHERMAN an important trading partner for the themselves through their actions, their ac­ United States, and the United States is one complishments and their abilities. Al HON. GEORGE W. GEKAS of the major suppliers of goods and serv­ Scerbo is one of these special people. OF PENNSYLVANIA ices to the Republic. Al has a long history in local and county IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Republic is a neutral nation often in­ government. In the 1960's, Al, like many of volved in many negotiations in the Middle us, began his political career as an alder­ Monday, October 7, 1985 East. The Cypriot citizens have exhibited man in his hometown of Boonton, NJ. Mr. GEKAS. Mr. Speaker, at a tribute their willingness to help people by assisting After serving in that post, Al was selected dinner on October 13, 1985, the Harrisburg many Jews, after World War II, who as the mayor. Committee State of Israel Bonds will wished to live in Israel. 26486 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 7, 1985 Cyprus has accomplished much in its 25 Unfortunately both the administration's proportion than is found in the General As­ years of independence. But we cannot over­ and the Joint Taxation Committee's tax sembly. Six judges are from developing look the fact that a conflict between Greek reform proposals are anti-savings and countries and two are from communist states, China and Poland. forts to insure freed om and peace for its States lags behind all other industrialized Despite this diversity, in the Iranian hos­ citizens. Many other countries have ex­ countries in personal savings rate. tages case the court voted unanimously with pressed their hope for a solution to this Tax policy should not only create good the United States. Similarly, in the Nicara­ problem, but for 11 years little progress has social policy-such as saving for retire­ gua case, on major issues decided so far, the been made. Just recently, however, talks ment- but good economic policy. We can court has voted by overwhelming majorities for the position of Nicaragua. The State De­ have begun and there is hope that a peace­ reduce retirees' future dependence on gov­ partment and Jeane Kirkpatrick insist, for ful and ~micable solution can be reached to ernment by creating and enhancing incen­ example, that the case is "inappropriate" resolve the conflict in this Republic. tives to save for retirement. for judicial consideration. But the court, Nearly one-third of the 56 million Ameri­ after full oral and written argument in cans covered by an employer-sponsored re­ which the United States did participate, AMERICANS SAVE FOR tirement plan have little or no savings voted unanimously against the U.S. posi­ RETIREMENT WITH 401Ck>'S beyond the assets in those plans. tion. Only then did President Reagan decide Good public policy dictates expanded to pick up his marbles and go home. HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ As to the rule of law, you will look in vain U.S. personal savings, Government incen­ for any mention of it in Jeane Kirkpatrick's OF NEW YORK tives for retirement income, and reduced article. The role of the court, she seems to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dependency on Government by future retir­ think, is confined to resolving disputes over Monday, October 7, 1985 ees. Let's protect the success of 40l(k) "legal technicalities." In her view, apparent­ plans and help America save for its future. ly, the fundamental norms of international Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, nothing suc­ law governing relations among states are ceeds like success. So it stands to reason not applicable to the formulation of Ameri­ that 40l(k) plans are in trouble. Congress THE UNITED STATES, NICARA­ can foreign policy. That consists of what­ created these innovative savings programs, GUA, AND THE RULE OF LAW ever the president says it is. The rest of us known as cash or deferred arrangements, are bound to "accept the resulting deci­ or CODA, under section 40l(k) of the Inter­ HON. ROBERT GARCIA sion"-and shut up. But the bedrock proposition of our policy nal Revenue Code in the Revenue Act of OF NEW YORK is that we are a government under law. This 1978. Although CODA's became effective in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES means that the actions of its elected offi­ 1980, preliminary regulations weren't until Monday, October 7, 1985 cials, even when they are elected by land­ 1982. Final regulations are still awaited. slides, are subject to and accountable before But since 1982, 40l(k)'s have really taken Mr. GARCIA. Mr. Speaker, Prof. Abram the law. off. CODA's are flexible and easy to estab­ Chayes of Harvard University wrote an il­ Since the days of Chief Justice John Mar­ lish retirement savings programs, so much luminating article for the October 4 edition shall, international law has been a part of so that workers in all income groups and of the Washington Post on Nicaragua's our law, and thus a part of the law that the president swears he will faithfully execute. in companies large and small have put case before the World Court against the United States. No matter how one feels The claims of Nicaragua are based on the them into place at an astounding rate in U.N. Charter and the OAS Charter, which, the last few years. An estimated 19 million about the merits of the case, Professor under Article VI of the Constitution, are Americans are eligible to participate in Chayes' article is a useful explanation of "the supreme Law of the Land." 40l(k)'s and an estimated 10 million are al­ the relationship between the International This fundamental principle of government ready doing so. Court of Justice and the United States. under law may put the United States under Employees of companies with fewer than I submit his article for my colleages' pe­ constraints in the field of foreign affairs 100 employees remain the largest group of rusal. that do not operate on others who profess [From the Washington Post, Oct. 4, 19851 different ideas. Some, perhaps Jeane Kirk­ workers not covered by pension plans. patrick among them, think this puts us at These are the very companies who have WHAT KIRKPATRICK IGNORES an unfair disadvantage. I cannot believe adopted a 40l(k) feature in the workplace that accountability before the law is a hand­ for their employees in great numbers since Jeane Kirkpatrick's article in The Wash­ icap in the conduct of our foreign policy. 1982. Thus, more and more lower- and ington Post Sept. 30 ["Nicaragua's U.S. Law­ Even if it is, that is a consequence of the middle-income working Americans will yers," op-edl betrays an unfortunate igno­ kind of country and society we have chosen have the opportunity to participate in a re­ rance of both the World Court and the rule to be, and I, for one, would not have it any tirement plan than would have otherwise. of law. other way. As to the first, the International Court of Jeane Kirkpatrick impugned the loyalty Nearly three times as many workers are Justice and its predecessor have been decid­ of myself and the other Americans who are participating in these plans who earn less ing disputes between states for 65 years participating in the presentation of Nicara­ than $20,000 than they do in IRA's. Why? now. Presidents Hoover, Roosevelt, Truman, gua's case before the World Court. It would The 40l(k)'s chief virtue is its flexibility. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Carter all sought be easier to take lessons in patriotism from This is important for younger workers, in one way or another to increase the use of someone who had a better understanding of lower-income workers, and small employ­ the court by the United States and to broad­ the fundamental ideas on which our coun­ ers. Many 40l(k) plans permit hardship en our acceptance of its Jurisdiction. try is founded. withdrawals and loans which means that a During the last 40 years, the United States has called upon the court many family knows they can get at their money times, most recently in the Iranian hostages A TRIBUTE TO WORKMEN'S in an emergency. This means they will be case and in the dispute with Canada about CIRCLE more likely to contribute to their plan. And the boundary between our two countries in because in 80 percent of these plans the the Gulf of Maine. Not until the Nicaragua employer makes a matching contribution, case, when it appeared the United States HON. MARIO BIAGGI and in all cases sets up and administers the might lose, has this country ever questioned OF NEW YORK the court's professional judicial character. plan so the worker doesn't have to worry IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES about the details, workers have great incen­ The 15 judges of the court are either dis­ tinguished international law scholars or Monday, October 7, 1985 tive to participate. former foreign office legal advisers. They Making it easy for Americans to save is a have spent their lives in international law Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, it is with great laudable goal and should be a guiding prin­ and are professional international lawyers. pleasure I rise today to pay tribute to one ciple of tax policy in this country, but sadly The present bench includes six nationals of this country's most remarkable labor it is not. of advanced industrial states, a much higher and social movements-the Workmen's October 7, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26487 Circle. This Sunday, October 13, they will Washington, DC, August 2, 1985. mitment to that treaty and its contribution commemorate the 85th anniversary of their Dr. BARNETr ZUMOFF, to reducing the likelihood of nuclear war. founding. As New York's-senior member of The Workman's Circle, the Education and Labor Committee, I am New York, NY. DEAR DR. ZUMOFF: On behalf of the AFL­ 1985-NATIONAL 4-H WEEK especially proud to have this opportunity to CIO, I am delighted to extend warmest con­ honor such a vital force in Labor. gratulations and good wishes to you and The Workmen's Circle was founded on your fellow officers and all members of the HON. WIWAM H. NATCHER September 5, 1900 as a community of Workman's Circle on its 85th anniversary. OF KENTUCKY Jewish workers seeking to integrate Jewish I can think of no institutional alliance IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES culture and life with social justice and the that is closer, more durable or more highly prized than the one that has bound the Monday, October 7, 1985 new trade unions. One of their most lauda­ Circle in common cause with the American ble attributes at that time was their labor Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Speaker, it is a labor movement throughout this century. pleasure to join with the members of 4-H lyceum, a gathering place for members of Amid the sweeping changes of the scien­ the community with a variety of purposes. as they celebrate National 4-H Week, Octo­ tific, technological and economic revolution ber 6-12. These lyceums served as medical centers, that surrounds us, the goals we share do not 4-H is administered by the Cooperative soup kitchens, classrooms, auditoriums for change. As we continue the struggle to Extension Service of the Department of Ag­ concerts and theatrical performances, col­ create a society of equal rights, equal justice riculture and assists young people in ac­ lection centers for clothing and books for and equal opportunity for all, we are proud to have the Workmen's Circle at our side. quiring knowledge, developing skills, and needy children, and havens for striking Happy anniversary to you all. forming attitudes that will enable them to workers and their families. It was through Sincerely, become self-directing, productive members the service of these labor lyceums that the LANE KIRKLAND, of society. Workmen's Circle became known as the President. Last year, 4.4 million young people, ages "Red Cross of Labor Unions." 9 to 19, participated in this informal educa­ The Workmen's Circle was one of the SIX FORMER DEFENSE SECRE­ tion program. They were guided by 630,000 first unified and strong labor unions. The TARIES CALL FOR REAFFIRMA­ volunteer leaders. members raised funds in support of fell ow TION OF THE ABM TREATY In 1984, 227 ,330 youth in Kentucky were unions-New England's textile workers, enrolled in extension education programs Pennsylvania's steel workers, Harlan Coun­ HON. DANTE B. FASCELL of the University of Kentucky and 33,991 of ty's coal miners, and others. This spirit of these young people were in the Second camaraderie led Joseph Weinberg, then OF FLORIDA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Congressional District, which I have the president of the Workmen's Circle to state privilege to represent. I am proud of the in 1933: Monday, October 7, 1985 fact that Kentucky has the second largest The entire labor movement, especially the Mr. F ASCELL. Mr. Speaker, last Thurs­ number of 4-H participants in the United unions, is in a critical situation. There is day was the 13th anniversary of the enter­ States. The food and nutrition home eco­ only one organization, the Workmen's ing into force of the 1972 treaty between nomics program has the largest national Circle, which remains as strong as iron.... Every section of the labor movement turns the United States and the Soviet Union on participation, with over I million youth en­ to us for assistance. It must be said in praise the limitation of antiballistic missile sys­ rolled. Kentucky has over I 00,000 youth en­ of our branches that they respond to every tems. rolled in nutrition projects. In other youth appeal from another labor organization The ABM Treaty has been one of the enrollment, Kentucky leads in youth learn­ with warmth and brotherliness. most successful arms control agreements to ing about fruits and vegetables, in career In the 1940's, the Workmen's Circle was a date and has been effective in limiting su­ exploration, and the study of local govern­ forerunner in the fight against Nazism, perpower competition in defensive systems. ment, community, and citizenship. with members organizing boycotts against There is concern among many in the Con­ Program highlights for 4-H in Kentucky Nazi goods. Because of their relations with gress as well as in the arms control com­ included the culmination of a 2-year pilot East European labor organizations, the munity, that the activities of both super­ for development of new computer project Workmen's Circle learned of the gas cham­ powers in the area of ballistic missile de­ materials. This is now in the hands of the bers and other Nazi persecutions. The fense hold the potential for resulting in a National 4-H Council for printing and dis­ Workmen's Circle was the source of public dual arms race. As such, I welcome the tribution across the United States. A new protest against Hitler and a source of aid President's recent statements reaffirming television program, "The Energy Chal­ for those who escaped him. U.S. commitment to the treaty and his in­ lenge," is now seen on Kentucky Educa­ Today's Workmen's Circle leads the fight tention not to violate the principles of the tional Television. Significant strides were against Soviet persecution of the Jewish treaty as he proceeds with his research pro­ made throughout the State in involving community. Workmen's Circle continues to gram to investigate SDI technologies and handicapped youth in 4-H activities. The sponsor choral and orchestral groups, systems. American Heritage Conference saw 62 youth clubs, sports and recreational activi­ Marking this important anniversary of members tour the State Capitol and 173 ties; although the labor lyceum is now the the entering into force of the ABM Treaty, attend the national meeting in Washington, community house, like the one I have vis­ six former defense secretaries issued a DC. The extended citizenship program took ited on Hillman Avenue in the Bronx. statement calling on the United States and one 4-H'er to the Netherlands and another Workmen's Circle has sustained Yiddish the Soviet Union to "avoid actions that to Sweden. 70 international students came theater and many other cultural activities. would undermine" the ABM Treaty. to the United States through this program. Through their 85-year history, the Work­ Former secretaries Harold Brown, Clark The first State 4-H rabbit show and the men's Circle has been a leader in social jus­ Clifford, Melvin Laird, Robert McNamara, second State 4-H dairy goat show contrib­ tice, union organization, and cultural pres­ Elliot Richardson, and James Schlesinger, uted to an increase in participation in ervation. reaffirmed their view that "this interna­ animal science projects. 100 Kentucky For the benefit of my colleagues, I would tional agreement of unlimited duration counties had youth involved in agronomi­ now like to insert the full text of a letter makes an important contribution to Ameri­ cal projects and all 120 counties had youth written to Dr. Barnett Zumoff of the Work­ can security and to reducing the risk of nu­ participate in the resident camping pro­ men's Circle from the Honorable Lane clear war." gram. On May 6, 1985, more than 100 per­ Kirkland, president of the AFL-CIO, which In view of the upcoming summit between sons attended the ground-breaking ceremo­ honors the Workmen's Circle on their an­ President Reagan and Soviet Leader Gor­ nies for the 4-H Leadership Training niversary: bachev and the third round of the Geneva Center located at the Lake Cumberland 4- AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR arms control talks, the anniversary of the H Camp in Jabez, KY. AND CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL OR­ ABM Treaty affords both superpowers an The Kentucky Association of Extension GANIZATIONS, important opportunity to renew their com- Homemakers honored the Kentucky 26488 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 7, 1985 project champions with a State champion­ On September 28, 1985, Fordham Law A TRIBUTE TO CHRISTOPHER ship plaque. Recognition for project accom­ School awarded the Dean's Medal of Rec­ COLUMBUS plishments is an important part of the 4-H ognition to Bern Shanley for his devoted program. Each year top records are select­ service to his country, his community, and HON. GUS YATRON ed on the area level and are then submitted his profession. for State competition. Each State champion Mr. Speaker, once again high praise has OF PENNSYLVANIA is eligible to compete for a trip to the Na­ been offered to Bern Shanley. Praise of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tional 4-H Congress. this sort is not earned easily, nor is it be­ Monday, October 7, 1985 I am pleased to announce that the fol­ stowed lightly. It is right and fitting that lowing champions are from the Second Mr. YATRON. Mr. Speaker, each year for this medal be conferred upon Bern Shan­ the last 29 years, the Italian Columbus Day Congressional District: Lisa Diehl, bread ley, and it is proper that we all take note of and food nutrition; Jason Heath, conserva­ Celebration Committee of Berks County tion; Donna Quinn, dog care and training; yet one more honor being added to an al­ has organized events in commemoration of Linda Rogers, food preservation; Jeff ready extensive list of accomplishments the discovery of America. This October Jones, petroleum, power, and saftey; and honors. 13th, the committee will celebrate the 493d Darren Patton, pets and small animals; and anniversary of Columbus' achievement and Joey Thompson, swine. its own 30th year. In offering a tribute to Two leaders from the Second Congres­ REMARKS FOR THE THREE Christopher Columbus and his discovery sional District were recognized at the CHAMPIONSHIP TEAMS IN today, I would also like to honor the com­ annual 4-H Week banquet. Mary Diehl of WESTFIELD, MA mittee for the many special events and Breckinridge County and May Jiffiers of community services it has planned and or­ Spencer County were presented the Feltner HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE ganized for Berks County in the last three Leadership Award for outstanding leader­ decades. ship. OF MASSACHUSETI'S The story of Christopher Columbus and I am also pleased to announce that one IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the celebration of his discovery have been repeated in our country since 1792 when of the Kentucky State 4-H officers for Monday, October 7, 1985 1985-86 is from the Second District. Kay the first American observance of October Lanham of Marion County has been elect­ Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, it isn't often 12th occurred in New York City. In 1892, a ed treasurer for the coming year. that a city can boast of three title winning larger and more nationwide celebration The Kentucky Extension 4-H staff, vol­ teams, but Westfield, MA, has been graced was planned, and during the first decade of unteers, and members continued their ef• with the North All-Star Little League the 20th century, the push for making the forts during the past year to maintain a squad, and the Babe Ruth All-Star 13-year­ day a legal holiday began. Finally, in 1968 strong, dynamic 4-H program throughout old division and 14- and 15-year-old divi­ after many years of national celebrations, the Commonwealth of Kentucky. They are sion. President Johnson declared October 12th a to be commended for a job well done and I I am proud to day that the North All-Star Federal holiday to be observed on the want to take this opportunity to wish them Little League team finished one game shy second Monday in October. For the Italian continued success in their future endeav­ of the Little League World Series in Wil­ Columbus Day Celebration Committee of ors. liamport, PA. With the State and New Eng­ Berks County, Christopher Columbus' dis­ land titles under their belts, these boys of covery has been recognized and appreciat­ summer are honored to be one of the top ed since 1955. A TRIBUTE TO BERNARD M. In honoring Christopher Columbus each SHANLEY 16 teams in the world. year, we, as a nation, pay tribute to the ex­ Westfield's own Babe Ruth All-Star 13· plorer whose bravery and courage changed HON. DEAN A. GALLO year-old division skillfully took the State the course of world history. The signifi­ title before accepting defeat in the New cance of the October 12, 1492, landing on OF NEW JERSEY England tournament. That is a testament IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the island of San Salvador in the Bahamas to their strength and character as true has given the Genoa-born seaman a unique Monday, October 7, 1985 champions. place in the records of world events. With Mr. GALLO. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to I join the city in applauding the achieve­ financial backing and the designation "Ad­ alert my fell ow Members of Congress of ments of the Babe Ruth All-Star 14· and 15· miral of the Ocean Sea" from King Ferdi­ one more accomplishment in the life of Mr. year-old division who hold the State title nand and Queen Isabella of Spain, Colum­ Bernard M. Shanley. for their league. These talented young men bus set sail on August 3, 1492, for what he Bern Shanley is familiar to many Mem­ illustrate what hard work and determina­ thought was Asia. Having accepted two of bers of this House. During the Eisenhower tion can lead to-State championship title. Ptolemy's calculations about the Earth's years, Mr. Shanley served as the deputy Obviously, all of these young men are circumference and the eastward extension chief of the White House staff, acting coun­ dedicated and talented individuals who are of China, Columbus expected to find the sel to the President, and as secretary to the led by many generous men-men who for­ East Indies. Reaching the Bahamas 2 President. In 1964, he was the Republican feited their private time to instill sports­ months later and exploring some of the candidate for the U.S. Senate. manship and comradery in the future surrounding islands, Columbus returned to Mr. Shanley has been a dedicated leader Presidents, Congressman, and statesmen of Spain in March of the next year. In three in New Jersey politics for as long as I can our fine country. subsequent voyages, the explorer found remember. Bern has always been one of the I pay homage to these three teams today other lands including, Guadeloupe, the special few who could always be counted just as the city of Westfield on September 8 Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, and on. He has never taken the easy route or payed homage to these fine young men at Venezuela, making him the discoverer of the path chosen by many. Rather, he has the continent of South America. the "Westfield Champions" parade. been in the forefront, leading the party and Americans are grateful to Columbus and the community, making the hard choices Congratulations, fellows. And good luck to his native Italy and to his supporter and fighting the good fight. for future successes on the baseball dia­ Spain for the discovery nearly 500 years His achievements have been recognized mond. ago that was the beginning of European ex­ by Presidents, Senators, Governors, and ploration and colonization of the New Members of this House who have far more World. Were it not for his daring adventure seniority than I. He was also recognized by and conviction, the first American colonists Pope John Paul II, who bestowed the may not have had a place to resettle. honor of Knight of St. Gregory the Great The Columbus Day Celebration Commit­ upon Mr. Shanley in 1979. tee of Berks County helps our community October 7, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26489 remember this special achievement each no money for the payroll, they can't pay the inventory without danger to the operation. year. This year, in paying homage to Co­ employees. The act won't change that. Some of our plants may increase or decrease lumbus, I would also like to thank the com­ What is in the best interest of the employ­ employment three or four times a year, or mittee for its work over the years and con­ ees in a case like this? more-with usually only the youngest serv­ Is it for the company to provide such noti­ ice employees being affected. We know the gratulate its members on its 30th anniver­ fication, follow the procedures and possibly trends but we keep our work force as long as say. I wish the committee many more years go immediately under? we can and then inevitably come to the of Columbus Day celebrations. I think not. point where next week or the week after I noted that I would comment on our own that, there is simply not enough production specific experience in one 1980 plant closing. for us to schedule. DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF H.R. I stress "specific" because every plant clos­ The layoffs are usually indefinite but, 1616 ing situation is different. I know of no one hopefully, temporary. I suppose we could time for notification that would be right for try to rationalize that every layoff of ours is all. temporary and not provide notification­ HON. MICHAEL G. OXLEY We all tend to look at the big multiplant but, then if the layoff continued, or if the OF OHIO corporations that may be transferring the aggregate number went over 50 during the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES products to another plant. That does take 90-day period, we would be opening our­ time and longer notification is usually feasi­ selves to claims that we really knew, or Monday, October 7, 1985 ble; but, most plant closings are different. should have known, that the layoff was Mr. OXLEY. Mr. Speaker, I would like to With Tappan in 1980, the cost picture ap­ going to be indefinite and that it would submit for the RECORD a speech delivered peared to require a decision to close one exceed 6 months. We would be into a legal plant and send its product lines to two other quagmire. by EJ. Nagele, vice president, human re­ plants hundreds of miles away. With the best of intent, I simply do not sources, the Tappan Co., Mansfield, OH, on I wanted to comment on this because know how most of us can provide this re­ the detrimental effects of H.R. 1616, the statements have been made that companies quired notification information and consul­ Labor-Management Notification and Con­ like ours make plans for closings as much as tation on layoffs without seriously hurting sultation Act of 1985, on American Busi­ 12 to 18 months in advance and, therefore, our operations and possibly causing more nesses. I encourage my colleagues to read there should be no problem in a 90-day noti­ job losses later. this informative speech before casting a fication requirement. Let me touch on a local news item. On vote on this legislation. John Irving covered this question very September 4, our Mansfield News Journal ably in response to some committee ques­ had an article with the headline stating, TALK GIVEN AT NAM BY E.J. NAGELE tions. I want to support his comments. "Work Force Halved at Roth Firm." The ar­ I am Pete Nagele, vice president, human Every company such as ours makes a ticle noted that the company had laid off 45 resources of the Tappan Co. in Mansfield, number of tentative plans for startup of a of it's 85 employees; but, that the president OH. product, removal of a product, plant expan­ was expressing optimism that some would Tappan has 4,000 people in 10 plants with sion, plant closure, etc. My personal experi­ be called back by the end of the year. sales of about $450 million. We manufacture ence is that these tentative plans may be Because I was to comment on this bill, I major kitchen appliances and have six cabi­ made, perhaps, 1 or 2 years ahead of time, called Klaus Bauer, the president of Roth. I net plants. Our plants have varied in size but, further, that they almost inevitably don't know him or the company. from 50 to as high as 1,000-plus people. change as new facts come to light. I described the layoff provisions of the act John Tysse has summarized the legal as­ When a possible closure is announced, the and asked him if he could honestly have pects of the bill. I will discuss some of the company will usually receive many sugges­ predicted the layoff 90 days ago. effects. tions and offers from the union, if there is He said there was no way that he could H.R. 1616 can be punitive in nature and, one in place, or from the community and have done so since 90 days ago, the plant more importantly, may lead to more job State. was scheduled for 24 hours a day, 7 days a losses than gains. There will be extensive re­ We felt then, and do now, that in a possi­ week. strictive regulation to flesh out the act and ble closing situation, all such suggestions I then asked him if he could honestly pre­ the act is an open invitation to individuals and offers should be thoroughly evaluated­ dict how long the layoff would last. He said or labor organizations to try to delay what not only from a business standpoint-but that too would be impossible, but that he may be an absolutely required shutdown or also, from a moral and, perhaps, legal stand­ hoped he would have a partial recall by the layoff. point-and only after such consideration is end of the year. I will focus my comments in two areas: Cl> the final and irrevocable decision made and My opinion is that this bill, or any similar The possible effects of the bill on a small announced. punitive notification bill, could have put troubled single plant company, followed by In our case, there were some unusual fac­ this company in real danger-and we need some comments on Tappan's own experi­ tors, including the necessity of long lead these companies. the seriously times to accomplish the transfer and a labor the company had started in 1982 from zero flawed layoff requirements. contract that was terminating near the pos­ employees and then reached 100 employ­ Let's take a look at the small company sible closure point. We did not want the ees.> first. union and the people to feel that the possi­ These are the kind of companies we need. The company is struggling to stay alive. ble closure announcement was made in re­ We should not put them in danger. It's creditors, customers, and suppliers have sponse to their demands. One further comment in this area. While been working with it because their experi­ In any case, we announced the possible my focus was on the smaller plants, some of ence in the past has been that the company closure in early April 1980, the final irrevo­ our plants have been in the 500 to 1,000 em­ has been able to "make it"-but the compa­ cable decision in late April, negotiated a sev­ ployee range and other companies are obvi­ ny may be close to or in technical bankrupt­ erance contract in May, terminated assem­ ously much higher. cy and they are watching closely to protect bly operations in October, and finally closed In a larger company, a 50-person layoff is their own interests. the plant in late November. Remember, this traumatic to the individual, but the signifi­ In the meantime, the company is trying in was an interplant transfer of product which cance of the number 50, against a total work every way possible to cut costs, including required time. force of perhaps 5,000 or 10,000 is not high, having gradually laid off perhaps half of its The negotiations resulted in severance, either for the operation or the community. work force in two or three layoffs. continuation of medical, improvements in An aggregate of 50 persons over a 90-day The hard facts say that if this bill is pension, and sincere assistance in trying to period would be continuously triggering the passed, the company should either provide a help find jobs. act for a number of companies. 90-day notice of closure or of mass layoff. Incidentally, I should note that the people Essentially what this layoff clause and the Obviously, if notification is required, then in that plant did an outstanding job during bill itself will tend to do is to try to force us all the creditors, customers, and suppliers the entire shutdown period. to freeze the work force. You know or will also be immediately aware. I believe Now let's touch on my second concern should know the ultimate result of that that the serious risk here may be the imme­ about the flawed layoff requirements. I've kind of approach. It is possible Job loss. diate loss of customers, and the high proba­ seen very little understanding of their seri­ In past years, the horror stories, such as bility that the creditors and suppliers will ous impact on operations in this country. the steel closings in Youngstown, and the immediately demand as much money as All employers try hard to plan but we Monongahela Valley, the Wisconsin Steel they can get with the potential of effective don't have a perfect crystal ball and we fre­ story, Atari, and others have been widely bankruptcy for the company, and the imme­ quently have to adjust our work force. We publicized. They make good press. Those sit­ diate loss of jobs for the people. If there is can't maintain employment and build huge uations were and are terrible. 26490 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 7, 1985 What is not publicized are the many posi­ her daughters control, King Broadcasting, the managership of Stimson Bullitt, the net tive, voluntary, and effective actions that also owns three other television stations, was cast even wider. "The theory was: Tele­ have been taken by many companies and seven radio stations, and several small cable vision was something that could be learned; communities. systems in four Western states. Mrs. Bullitt so look for people with good educations and Please don't feel that the right way to say is now 92, and has not taken an official role interesting ideas and throw them into the jobs or assist people in getting other jobs is in station management for a decade and a pot," says David Brewster, who was a junior to develop a punitive bill that, in fact, may half, but it is a rare day when she is not English professor at the University of cause job loss. seen in KING's corporate offices. Her char­ Washington when tapped to be an assign­ I believe that the right answers include acter defines KING as thoroughly now as it ment editor for KING News. "If they sank, continuing to stimulate Job formation as did 36 years ago. too bad; you gave someone else a chance." this country has so successfully done, and to Mrs. Bullitt never acted the role of public Brewster himself was one of the sinkers­ find the ways and the funds to provide in­ figure, nor that of tough businesswoman, though, after a stint on another KING ven­ centives for employers to provide as much though she was clearly capable of playing ture, Seattle magazine, he bounced back notification and other assistance as is possi­ corporate hardball when the need arose: nicely to become editor-publisher of Seat­ ble in their specific situation. Station hagiography records that she tle's city paper, The Weekly. But others Finally, you have heard more detail today "stole" network affiliation with NBC from stayed afloat, and their idiosyncrasies, as about the task force which Secretary Brock the network's longtime radio affiliate much as their broadcasting skills or intelli­ is setting up at the request of some House KOMO by the simple expedient of corner­ gence, colored the station's image ineradica­ members. It is to evaluate the problem and ing General David Sarnoff in his private bly. Even back in black-and-white days, return with recommendations. Since H.R. railway compartment after a broadcast con­ news anchor Charles Herring would unpre­ 1616 or any other similar punitive bill will, vention and making her case to him one-on­ dictably depart from his sage, no-nonsense in my opinion, not save jobs, I would hope one. Cronkite-style newsreading to interject that you review the report before any rec­ But business seems never to have been flickers of angry-Jehovah judgment or Rus­ ommended passage of any bill. Mrs. Bullitt's primary interest. She must sell Baker irony. Editorialist Herb Altshull Thank you very much. have articulated her basic attitude to her might as easily devote one of his five-minute staff many times over the years, because commentaries to a night at the opera as to several present employees recall it in very goings-on at city hall. Investigative reporter THE PRIDE OF DOROTHY S. much the same words: "There is no way I Charles Royer brought a trench­ work affiliation in a growing city, so this ant personal station is going to be something I can be edge to his expos~s of questionable econom­ HON. AL SWIFf proud of." ic and political practices. OF WASHINGTON Pride, for Mrs. Bullitt, is based on public Giving individuals fairly free rein hasn't IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES service, and KING over the years has devot­ always been good for the station as a whole. Monday, October 7, 1985 ed more than its share of staff, budget, and Over the last nine years, there have been airtime to traditional kinds of television eight Mr. SWIFT. Mr. Speaker, it is with con­ public service: documentaries, election cov­ news directors. Some seem to have suffered siderable pleasure that I would like to call erage, public service announcements, and burnout from trying to ride herd on a staff to the attention of my colleagues a feature news. of argumentative individualists. The insta­ in Channels magazine "celebrating those "In my opinion they adhere more than bility has shown up on the air, and in the who set the highest standards of excellence any other station to the real reason a sta­ ratings: In recent years, KING's Evening in the electronic media." This salute to ex­ tion has a license," says a New York adver­ News has swung from the top to a poor cellence recognizes the contributions made tising man who has dealt with KING for third and back again, and a visible lack of decades . "And they put their public-service swings. the very odd and charming satiric of a lumber baron, was already in middle vision stations, had to draw its news staff program The Year fSo FarJ in Review. But age and long widowed when she acquired from the other media; but it continued to do he is also capable of feature reporting as the license of Seattle's first television sta­ so long after communications degrees had good as any done today. Standing out tion, then designated KRSC. The station is become the common first step to a broad­ among the many reports that accompanied now called KING, and the company she and casting career. In the stormy 1970s, during the celebration of the 40th anniversary of October 7, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26491 D-Day are Palmer's daily reports from Nor­ the President will need to consider funda­ if the Reagan Administration abandons its mandy-in particular a few utterly tactful mental policy changes in five key areas. opposition to a substantial increase in the but heart-wrenching minutes spent with a First, the budget deficit. As long as we go bank's capital. veteran encountered on the beaches looking on spending more than we are saving, we These five changes in President Reagan's for the place where his own lifeline crossed will continue to borrow abroad to make up policies would encounter political and ideo­ the path of world history. the difference. The high real interest rates logical resistance from members of his Ad­ There are other people who've given necessary to ·attract foreign capital are a ministration. Yet without movement in at KING its distinctive on-air character over major cause of the overvalued dollar that least some of these areas, he will not merely the years-news anchors such as cool and drives up our trade deficit. see the end of his freetrade policies. Presi­ capable Jean Enersen and Mike James, We will not escape this vicious circle until dent Reagan will be partly responsible for motherly morning-show host Bea Donovan, the President meets Congress halfway on the collapse of what is left of the open-trad­ sardonic reporter-editorialist Don McGaffin, deficit reduction-supporting some tax in­ ing system-one of the United States' great all the way back to kiddie-show host of the creases as well as limits on cost-of-living ad­ postwar contributions to its own and the 1950s and '60s Stan Boreson and his imper­ justments in Social Security and pension general welfare. turbable dog No-Mo. But it's Palmer who programs for middle- and high-income citi­ exhibits that character at its most concen­ zens. Without raising individual tax rates, trated: the sense of breathing, thinking, in­ we could raise at least $60 billion of addi­ HELPING SALVADORAN dividual humanity glimpsed through the tional revenue a year by a 30 cent gasoline REFUGEES peephole of the small screen and extending tax, by a minimum tax on wealthy individ­ well beyond it. uals and corporations, and by eliminating the deductibility of interest payments HON. ROBERT GARCIA except for mortgage interest on principal OF NEW YORK REVERSING OUR DETERIORAT­ residences. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ING TRADE POSITION Second, exchange rates. American leader­ ship and support of liberal trade cannot co­ Monday, October 7, 1985 HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ exist with an overvalued dollar. While we Mr. GARCIA. Mr. Speaker, last week, the cannot return to fixed exchange rates, we Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Immi­ OF NEW YORK can strengthen multilateral surveillance IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES over domestic policies here and in other gration and Refugee Policy sent to the full committee a bill that would allow refugees Monday, October 7, 1985 countries that determine the relationship among currencies. In return for accepting from El Salvador to remain in the United Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, the trade some international discussion of our domes­ States for 2 years without facing the threat policy of the United States is a subject that tic economic management, we could mobi­ of deportation. is currently attracting considerable atten­ lize international pressure on Japan, West The so-called Moakley-DeConcini bill has tion around the country. Members will Germany and other countries to help our not yet been acted on in the House. Our soon be asked to consider one or more bills trade position by stimulating their econo­ colleague Representative JOE MOAKLEY designed to deal with our deteriorating mies. We can also limit extreme fluctuations wrote an article in the Los Angeles Times trade position. in exchange rates by coordinated interven­ tion in exchange markets with other key on August 18, explaining the bill and why A thoughtful article on this subject by countries. we should support it. I submit his article Richard N. Gardner, professor of law and Third, a national program to enhance our for my colleagues' perusal, and ask that international organizations at Columbia competitiveness, even if we get the dollar they support his bill. University, appeared in the New York down. A liberal trade policy cannot survive CFrom the Los Angeles Times, Aug. 18, Times recently. I would like to insert it in in the United States if our Government fails 19851 to show the same concern for promoting the RECORD for my colleagues' review. SALVADORAN REFUGEES DESERVE A TEMPORARY [From the New York Times, Sept. 15, 19851 comparative trade advantages for our indus­ tries that our toughest competitors do for HAVEN HERE SOUND ECONOMICS, SOUND TRADE POLICY theirs. This does not mean half-baked "in­ dustrial policies." What it does mean, It is wrong to deport Salvadorans now in The tidal wave of restrictive trade legisla­ among other things is more Government as­ the United States back to the civil unrest tion pending in Congress has concentrated sistance to worker training and to education and violence in their homeland. A far better President Reagan's mind wonderfully. In ; maintenance rather than repeal regards itself as a great protector of human trade policy the attention so sadly lacking city through the housing authority than could ever have been done in any other the Reagan administration to join the nu­ On Oct. 7, 1963, little more than a month fashion," Maxwell said. clear weapons testing moratorium an­ before his death, President Kennedy signed He was a delight to work with, remarked nounced by Soviet General Secretary Gor­ the Limited Test Ban Treaty the former city manager, "eloquent in his bachev in July. ending nuclear tests in the atmosphere. Ob­ choice of words, always well versed in what The officials include Ambassador W. serving the anniversary, a number of offi­ was needed for a project and what it would Averall Harriman, who negotiated the Lim­ cials of the Kennedy Administration have take to meet the need, and he always had issued a call for President Reagan to join ited Test Ban Treaty, former Atomic the Soviet Union in its moratorium on un­ time to listen to the other fellow's view­ Energy Commission Chairman Glenn Sea­ point. I've never worked with anyone that derground nuclear testing during the last was easier to get along with." borg, former Under Secretary of State months of 1985. Pretlow Darden, a member of the City George Ball, and former Presidential Advi­ They might as well be shouting down a Council that won the first urban renewal sor Glenn Seaborg. In their statement, rain barrel. Mr. Reagan does not intend to grant awarded in the United States, ob­ these officials noted that "Twenty-two halt U.S. nuclear testing, either by tempo­ served that Kaufman and Larry Cox, the years later, the promise of a total halt to rary moratorium or by negotiating a com­ housing authority's executive director, nuclear testing, below ground as well as prehensive test ban treaty. Senior "knew the rules better than the people in above, remains unfulfilled." The officials Administration officials told Leslie Gelb and Michael Gordon of The New York Times Washington knew them. We got our full recommend that "The United share of redevelopment programs, and we that at the summit in November Mr. took advantage of every one we could." At States • • • meet the Soviets' challenge, Reagan would inform Mikhail Gorbachev of first many real estate officials opposed the join the moratorium, and work to complete that longstanding position. program, "and if we had to defend anything a total test ban treaty." The statement of the former Kennedy Ad­ we were doing, he was our spokesman. That Twenty-two years ago, President Kenne­ ministration officials serves, nevertheless, as mind of his never slowed up." dy formally signed the documents for rati­ a timely-if futile-reminder that Mr. Rea­ Kaufman was most unselfish, Darden fication of the Limited Test Ban Treaty. In gan's stance directly contravenes lawful ob­ said. "I never heard a word to indicate he remarks delivered in the Treaty Room of ligations the United States has undertaken had a selfish bone in him. We ought to just the White House, he looked to the future, in two formal treaties ratified by the Senate. be thankful we had him as long as we did." declaring that, "This small step toward Three qualities among many-fairness, The preamble to the L.T.B. clearly states compassion, intelligence-brought people to safety can be followed by others longer and that the parties are "seeking to achieve the him quickly, Cox said. "In a very mild and less limited, if also harder in the taking. discontinuance of all test explosions of nu­ unobtrusive way, he was a teacher the With our courage and understanding en­ clear weapons for all time" and are "deter­ entire time you were with him. Every time larged by this achievement, let us press mined to continue negotiations to this end." 26494 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 7, 1985 In the preamble to the Nuclear Non-Pro­ HOUSTON VISION SHIFTS FROM downtown. Across the street is the Alley liferation Treaty of 1968, subsequently sub­ OIL TO ARTS Theater, a repertory company, and on the mitted to the Senate by President Nixon, next block is Jones Hall, the concert hall. the L.T.B. commitment to negotiations for The new center was needed because Jones an end to nuclear testing was specifically re­ HON. MICKEY LELAND Hall, opened in 1966 and home for the called and the parties restated their deter­ OF TEXAS Houston Symphony, Grand Opera and mination "to continue negotiations to this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ballet, is so overlooked that the ballet and end." Monday, October 7, 1985 opera must spend most of their seasons on Notwithstanding those specific national the road. Although it is considered a fine commitments, honored by Presidents John­ Mr. LELAND. Mr. Speaker, I'd like to concert hall, the 3,000-seat Jones Hall is ill­ son, Nixon, Ford and Carter, the Reagan call attention to the article "Houston suited to opera and ballet. Administration announced on July 19, 1982, Vision Shifts from Oil to Arts" which ap­ Already the theater district is bringing a that it would not resume negotiations with peared in th New York Times today. dose of fizzy night life to downtown Hous­ the Soviet Union toward a C.T.B. treaty. In The article describes the construction of ton, which is architecturally spectacular but the Wortham Theater Center in Houston, by 5:15 P.M. is as deserted as Wall Street on December 1982, Mr. Reagan ordered a New Year's Day. Restaurants have opened United States vote against a United Nations TX. Beyond the economic benefits the and the theater organizations, trying to per­ resolution that all nuclear testing should be center will certainly bring to Houston's suade Houstonians that there is life after 5, outlawed; the resolution carried, 111 to 1, growing reputation as one of our Nation's are offering meals and performances as with 35 abstentions. great cultural centers. packages. Thus did Reagan Administration policy I urge my colleagues to read the follow­ The hope is that all this will spill over override lawful national commitments, and ing article. into the nearby historic, but still seedy, those senior officials made it clear to Mr. [From the New York Times, Oct. 7, 19851 Market Square area. Gelb and Mr. Gordon, that it still does. It's true, of course, that Mr. Reagan is charged HOUSTON'S VISION SHIFTS F'ROM OIL TOWARD HALLS WILL BE FANCY with the national security and has to make ARTS The Wortham Center is named after the the ultimate judgement whether some spe­ late Gus S. Wortham, a Houston insurance cific test-ban treaty is in the U.S. interest HousTON, Oct. 6.-Construction workers magnate and philanthropist. Its brick and that nothing in either of the previous topped off a new building on the edge of facade, with a huge, catehdral-like arched treaties could force him to accept a test ban downtown Houston the other day. That entrance, is not fancy, but the insides will he considered disadvanatageous. building, more than anything else, repre­ be. sents Houston's new vision of itself, a state­ There are to be two halls, the 2,183-seat But to take the position that the U.S. will ment that gives the lie to its image else­ Alice and George Brown Theater and the not even engage in goodlaith negotiations to where as a burly, uncultured oil town. 1,058-seat Roy and Lillie Cullen Theater. try to work out an acceptable test-ban The building is the Wortham Theater The large hall will have full rear and side treaty is, in effect, to argue that the nation­ Center, a sprawling palace of the perform­ stages, from which stage sets can be moved al commitments accepted in the L.T.B. and ing arts that approaches Lincoln Center in to the main stage in minutes. There are also non-proliferation treaties have no force that New York and the Kennedy Center in to be five rehearsal halls and the most ad­ the Reagan Administration need recognize. Washington in size and, Houstonians hope, vanced technical gear. The architect is That's exactly the Administration position. will put their city on the cultural map for Morris-Aubry of Houston. The reason usually given for opposition to good. All of this will be like getting out of jail I a C.T.B. is that it couldn't be adequately For all its roughneck image, Houston has for the ballet and opera. I verified. The weight of scientific opinon is emerged in recent years as a major cultural The Houston Ballet, which opens a 13-per­ I heavily on the other side; but even if verifi­ locus. In particular, the luster of its grand formance season at New York's City Center cation were the primary problem, that's a opera and ballet, the main tenants of the Wednesday, plans to double the number of I subject for negotiation-for sismic stations new center, has been noticed well beyond its Houston performances to 100. It also ex­ on Soviet territory, for instance, since the borders of Texas. pects to expand the 40-member troupe to 50, Moscow agreed in principle to such stations Never have the arts loomed so important and its artistic director, Ben Stevenson, is during talks with the Carter Administra­ for Houston, as its leaders strive to bring re­ considering mounting "Eugene Onegin" and tion. covery to an economy still lagging from other productions too large for the Jones Also cited against a C.T.B. is the need to troubles in the dominant oil and gas indus­ Hall stage. maintain the reliablity of existing nuclear try. Similarly, the acclaimed Houston Grand weapons. Again, powerful scientific opin­ PROVIDING ATTRACTIVE AMENITIES Opera expects to expand its performances ion-outside, but to some extent within, the Houston's new theme is diversification. to six of each of its six yearly productions. national nuclear laboratories-holds that That means attracting new industries and It plans to use the smaller hall for experi­ testing is not needed to maintain reliability; people from all over the world. That, in mental works and, with the larger house's but even if it were, deterioration would turn, means providing amenities, among expansive facilities, could consider mount­ which the arts are looming nearly as large ing such major productions as Wagner's affect Soviet as well as U.S. stockpiles. And four-opera "Ring" cycle. if uncertainty about weapons reliability re­ as good schools, churches and transporta­ sulted from a test ban, that might work tion. SMALLER ARTS GROUPS against either side's risking a first strike. "Improving the quality of life is important The Houston Symphony Orchestra is to The real. reason the Administration op­ to this city," said Robert Cizik, co-chairman remain in the old hall but will no longer poses even negotiating for a C.T.B. is its of the Houston Lyric Theater Foundation, have to rehearse half the time in the acous­ desire to continue nuclear testing-for Mr. which is raising funds for the $70 million tically abysmal rehearsal hall, according to center. "Our population is a melting pot of Gideon Toeplitz, its executive director. Reagan's general military buildup, for the the United States, and this center will help development of new weapons like the war­ The center is expected to help such small­ us attract and keep them." er arts groups as the Texas Chamber Or­ head for the submarine-launched Trident Mr. Cizik, president and chairman of the D-5 missile, and for what the President calls chestra and the Southwest Jazz Ballet Com­ board of Cooper Industries in Houston is a pany. The Society for Performing Arts. his "nonnuclear" Strategic Defense Initia­ transplanted Yankee who came from Con­ tive-which in fact requires nuclear explo­ which brings out-of-town groups to Houston necticut in 1967. but has been limited by Jones Hall, plans to sions to produce X-ray laser beams. "If this is going to be a great, world-class expand its offerings. While his company will So never mind those national commit­ city we've got to have facilities for artistic not use the new hall, Tom Spray, managing ments, much less the Soviet moratorium. and educated people," said Terrylin G. director of the Alley Theater, hopes it will Testing will go no, because Mr. Reagan Neale, the center's chief fund raiser. create an "energetic zone" downtown. wants it to. Houston is the fourth-largest city in the The Wortham Center is billed as the larg­ country in population, but it ranks 25th, est built with private funds in the country, just behind Newark, in the number of thea­ although the city donated the two-block ter seats. parcel of land, worth perhaps $20 million. A CONSIDERABLE THEATER ROW and is to subsidize the center's operation. To When it is opened in 1987 the Wortham date pledges for $62 million of the $70 mil­ Center's two halls will form the anchor of a lion needed have been obtained from such considerable theater row on Texas Avenue sources as the Wortham, Brown and Cullen October 7, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26495 Foundations, and Exxon, Conoco, Arco and Scotty" Scott. Also appearing will be the BLIND FAITH IN FREE TRADE other corporations. eight-member Roundup Rider Blister­ DOESN'T PAY Given the parlous state of the energy and Bottom Symphony Orchestra, which fea­ construction industries here, however, rais­ tures Smythe as pianist. HON.EDWARDJ.MARKEY sorted to some creative financing. It per­ Smythe, 74, was reared in Glenrock, Wyo., OF MASSACHUSETTS suaded the City of Houston Industrial De­ where his parents owned a genuine old-time velopment Corporation to issue $56.5 mil­ country store. He became adept at the saxo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lion in tax-exempt bonds, backed by a letter phone and clarinet and eventually found his Monday, October 7, 1985 of credit from the Texas Commerce Bank. way to the University of Colorado', but he The center invested this money, for which it never got a diploma. "I was there for seven Mr. MARKEY. Mr. Speaker, in the paid about 4 percent interest, at much years," he recalls with a chuckle, "and then coming week, the House will vote on H.R. higher rates, and earned $4 million. they asked me to leave"-even though he 1562, the Textile and Apparel Trade En­ Another $4 million remains to be raised. had the best dance band on campus. forcement Act. On the one hand, this bill is Some of it is to come from a gala Tuesday at The next stop was Denver's now demol­ criticized as protectionist, leading to de­ the Saks Fifth Avenue store at Houston's ished Cosmopolitan Hotel, where he per­ creased efficiency, trade wars, and eventu­ Galleria shopping mall. Saks has pledged formed with his 12-piece dance band. But $35,000, and Macy's, new to Houston, ally depression. At the same time, this bill radio was the thing in those days, and in is praised as the savior of the American $75,000. 1941 Pete became a disc jockey on the old Whatever the economic impact of the KMYR with a show titled "Meet the Boys textile industry. Wherein lies the truth? center, many hope it will create a semblance in the Band." The city had only four radio The truth is far more complicated and com­ of urban street life. Like most newer cities stations then, and Pete soon found himself plex. An article, "Blind Faith in Free Trade in the Southwest, Houston was designed for at the biggest, KOA, with "Smythe's Gener­ Doesn't Pay," found in the October issue of automobiles, not people; many parts of town Business Week, highlights the fallacy of don't even have sidewalks. al Store"-named after his father's old es­ It is, moreover, a city where getting to tablishment in Glenrock. this "protectionism versus free-trade" di­ work early and working hard to get ahead The KOA show was heard "along the chotomy. has been the prevailing ethic, not staying up barbed-wire network" from 1951 to 1969, six The article points out that in reality the late at the ballet. days weekly from 6:30 to 10:30 a.m. Smythe world textile markets are not "creatures of Some say they believe Houston, in its ma­ dispensed countrified homilies, played the free trade." The author notes that textile piano, spun records and presented a colorful turity, might relax a bit, have a little fun. "I trade is already subject to, first, the Multi­ wish we had a lively downtown, where procession of East Tincup residents-all of whom sounded very much like Pete Smythe. fibers agreement, which regulates textile people hung out after performances," said imports to Western Europe and the United Elizabeth McMahon, marketing director for Actually, East Tincup began as just the opera. "Maybe Houston will stay up Tincup, but Pete had overlooked the real States, second, the subsidization and pro­ after 10 P.M." Tincup, Colo.-a near-ghost town near tectionism found among Asian textile ex­ Taylor Park Reservior east of Crested porters, and finally third, the sharp limita­ Butte. "We had to change the name of our tions established by the Japanese and Eu­ A ROCKY MOUNTAIN town," Smythe chuckles, "because all those ropean communities on textile imports. In COMPANION Texans and Oklahomans with vacation reality, "the United States is the only houses in Tincup started complaining that player with anything close to an open people were comin' there and lookin' for our HON. TIMOTHY E. WIRTH store, and ruining their fishin.' " market in textile imports." OF COLORADO "Smythe's General Store" became so pop­ In addition, the article indicates that "the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ular that it jumped to television in 1954, sky would not fall," as many assume, if Monday, October 7, 1985 where it lasted for a decade. On the radio, Congress endorsed some protectionist one had to envision Pete's store, but on tele­ measures. The United States already oper­ Mr. WIRTH. Mr. Speaker, for years, Col­ vision the cracker barrel and the player ates vigorously with the limited protection orado has been captivated by Pete Smythe, piano and the potbelly stove and Pete of the Multi-fibers Agreement, and fear of a Rocky Mountain companion to us all. Smythe, prop., suddenly became visual. retaliation is exaggerated because Japan The following profile of a Colorado legend Ultimately, radio became all-music and and Europe already protect their markets. should be shared with all of our colleagues. network programming took over television, The article calls for a new flexibility in CFrom the Denver Post] so Mayor Smythe took off in other direc­ economic practice and stresses the need for PETE SMYTHE STILL SPINNING YARNS OF A tions. He dabbled in politics and wrote pam­ phlets with such countryish titles as "a delicate mix of some open trade and SIMPLER, MORE RUSTIC TIME some development economics. The trick is "Springs for the Wagon and Grease for the Wheels," "Something for the Daily Battle to make that mix equitable." In view of the Pete Smythe is known to today's broad­ of Life" and "Sweepin's from Smythe's Gen­ pending legislation, I urge my colleagues to cast audiences as the homey pitchman for a eral Store." carefully read and consider this article on savings and loan firm-the fatherly gent They were full of homespun observations: trade before they vote. with the string necktie and the too-small "It was so windy in Wyomin,' it took three [From Business Week, Oct. 14, 19851 hat. of us to hold a saddle blanket over the Through the 1950s and '60s, however, keyhole" ... "We was so poor that we used BLIND FAITH IN FREE TRADE DOESN'T PAY Smythe was a star on Denver radio, holding forth over KOA for two decades as the to bait the mousetrap with IOUs" ... "He mayor of the was so ugly, when he was born we put him There is a smug consensus among the na­ make-believe hamlet of East Tincup, Colo.­ out on the porch to see if'n he'd bawl or tion's editorial writers about the universal "the slowest-growin' town in the nation, and bark." virtue of free trade. Any form of protection, we aim to keep it thataway"-long before But show business travels in cycles. Some most of them argue, denies consumers the Garrison Keillor created a similar mythical radio stations, including Smythe's old em­ fruits of more efficient production, rewards town on National Public Radio's popular ployer KOA, have dumped music and re­ loser industries, retards advancement of de­ "Prairie Home Companion." turned to talk, of the sort Smythe helped veloping countries, and ultimately leads to Legions of Coloradans still fondly remem­ pioneer. Pete has no thoughts of resuming trade war and depression. ber Smythe, and today he is the hottest "Smythe's General Store" or becoming a Some economists, though, are beginning thing on the local luncheon and fund-rais­ talk-show host, though he proved pretty to argue that real policy issues confronting ing circuit. Smythe frequent·y does his adept at it when he appeared last week on the international economic order are far humor routine at five luncheons a week, Woodrow Paige, Jr.'s KNUS talk program. more subtle than the simple dichotomy of plus banquets and fund-raisers. Smythe, however, takes pride and comfort protectionism vs. free trade . I On Thursday, for instance, he will bring in noting that "Prairie Home Companion" have three points to add to this debate. his country-store shtick to a $125-per-person "does exactly what we used to do-creating First, the global economy is a complex mix­ benefit dinner at the Fairmont Hotel for a little ol' town.'' ture of laissez faire and planning, of state the Medical Care and Research Foundation, "People call me up and say, 'Hey, they're and market. Second, managed markets can which aids senior citizens. The emcee will be doing the very same thing you did 20 years often lead to dynamic gains. Third, after a another old-time broadcaster, Ed "Sheriff ago!'" messy period of editorial handwringing and 26496 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 7, 1985 diplomatic jousting, the U.S. may finally re­ DELICATE MIX brown skin draped on her, who had just a align its ideology to fit global realities. In sum: The U.S. is no longer powerful faint breath of life in her," says Leland, THEORY AND REALITY enough to be the world's largest free-trade speaking slowly, with a sorrowful resonance. zone while other nations, rich and poor, "While I was talking to him, she died. I can Consider the textile industry. In theory, commit economic planning. Other nations see her face right now. Every day I see her we are losing our comparative advantage in must share the burden of defining-and up­ face." textile mainly because other nations are ex­ holding-whatever trade regime all of us The girl was 14. ploiting their competitive advantage in low­ can agree on. If everybody wants free trade, Filled with hopelessness and impatient cost labor. This is supposedly a blessing be­ fine. But I suspect that what everybody with the talk of statistics and plans, Leland cause it gives American consumers the bene­ really wants is a delicate mix of some open walked away from the visiting congressional fits of bargain clothing, frees U.S. capital trade and some development economics. delegation. Then he ran into a child who and labor to pursue more suitable tasks, and The trick is to make that mix equitable. spoke English and who wanted to know his allows the Third World to industrialize, all Life, of course, was much easier in the late name. "He started repeating 'Mickey. courtesy of free trade. 1940's, when we were the big kid on the Mickey,'" recalls Leland. And in that in­ The reality is that nowhere are the textile block and could unilaterally define the stant, Leland found a way to "give them and apparel markets creatures of free trade. global economic regime. As the U.S. has some good feelings about themselves." The For 20 years a complex market-sharing pact ceased to dominate, it is no accident that we U.S. congressman and the Ethiopian chil­ known as the Multifibers Agreement has are having to reconstruct the trade regime, dren chanted together. First, "Mickey, regulated the rate of growth of textile im­ the currency regime, and the growth ma­ Mickey" for about 30 minutes. Then a kid ports to Western Europe and the U.S. This chine all at the same time. The pity is that yelled "Disco,'' and a new chant echoed agreement was undertaken a generation ago at a time when the urgent need is for cre­ around the barren camp. because the world's industrial nations made ative statecraft, the leaders of the U.S.-the By this point the entire delegation was a political decision to avoid ceding textile world's leading economy-can only worship watching the exchange of instant love. production entirely to the Third World. De­ at the unreal shrine of laissez-faire. "Then I said 'I,' they said 'I,' I said 'love,' spite the Multifibers Agreement, Third they said 'love,' and I said 'you' and they World textile production soared. So many said 'you.' They were happy kids at that developing nations have targeted textiles as PROFILE OF MICKEY LELAND point," says Leland, 10 months and 7,000 a kind of industrial loss-leader that the Mul­ miles away in a congressional dining room, tifibers limits have been overwhelmed. Such HON. RONALD D. COLEMAN recalling the moment he gained "an even Asian textile exporters as Korea, Taiwan, larger heart.'' the Philippines, Singapore, and that para­ OF TEXAS In the past year, the 40-year-old four-term gon of laissez-faire, China, not only subsi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES congressman from Houston has applied dized development of their textile industries Monday, October 7, 1985 what his friends call his "humanity" to in­ but also stringently protect their home tex­ fluential tasks as chairman of the House tiles markets against one another. You can't Mr. COLEMAN of Texas. Mr. Speaker, Select Committee on Hunger and of the find a Korean shirt in Taiwan, or vice versa. there comes a time in every generation Congressional Black Caucus, which is hold­ Some free traders. when the inner qualities and outward ac­ ing its annual legislative weekend through Japan and the European Community, complishments of a few special individuals Sunday. "I am now an activist on behalf of meanwhile, have drastically limited their allow them to rise above the hue and cry of humanity everywhere, whether it is in textile imports. In practice, the U.S. is the everyday life and cause special attention to Ethiopia . . . South Africa . . . Chile . . . only player with anything close to an open be focused upon them. They come from all in any part of the world where people are market in textile imports. As the residual walks of life, from all kinds of back­ desperate and hungry for the freedom and dumping ground, we buy an astounding 60% rights they serve as human beings,'' he says. of Third World textile and apparel produc­ grounds, and they pull ahead of their peers "That is my community, that is my battle­ tion. Since 1979, Japanese and European per through singular accomplishments and ground." capita textile imports from the Third World dedication to the causes that drive them. But Leland's world is not limited to the have actually declined, while American im­ MICKEY LELAND, my old friend and col­ 1980s wars on hunger. He also plunges into ports have nearly tripled. league from the Texas Legislature, is one more politically risky business. He currently Another intriguing fact is that the U.S. of these extraordinary individuals. In opposes the U.S. Conference of Bishops in textile industry, far from stagnating under Austin and Washington, there has never their support of an antiabortion amend­ the limited protection of the Multifibers been such an eloquent champion of human ment to the proposed Civil Rights Restora­ Agreement, performs with near-Japanese rights, civil rights, and social justice; never tion Act of 1985; Leland, a practicing vigor. The industry has reinvested more Roman Catholic, says the fight causes him than 80% of its retained earnings in mod­ such a tireless activist in the fight for "a terrible internal struggle.'' He is the ernization, and its impressive productivity human progress. member of Congress closest to Fidel Castro growth has been exceeded only by the Perhaps more than any other single indi­ and has been an emissary of the State De­ microelectronics industry. vidual, MICKEY LELAND has been responsi­ partment to the CUban president; "While I Given such a world, the sky would not fall ble for focusing congressional and public disagree with his fundamental if Congress acted to restrict the import concern on the issue of global hunger. ideology ... I respect him for his intel­ share of U.S. textile consumption. Rather, MICKEY was there long before the TV cam­ lect," he says. the Third World would stop overbuilding eras and the rock stars; he was an advocate In the 1984 presidential primary, he sup­ textile factories. The U.S. textile industry for a caucus on world hunger when he first ported former vice president Walter Mon­ would get some breathing space and contin­ dale over the Rev. Jesse Jackson, a position ue to automate. And our industry would sur­ joined Congress back in 1979, and his that angered many black colleagues and ul­ vive into the next century. when smart cap­ never-ending efforts on behalf of African timately cost him his post as chairman of ital will matter in world trade much more famine relief kept the issue in front of the the Democratic National Committee's black than cheap labor. The Europeans and Japa­ public before it became fashionable. caucus: he says he "still has the scars." He nese would not retaliate because the retali­ Mr. Speaker, it is my privilege to intro­ has bicycled through Israel, sends Houston ated in advance: They already protect their duce into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a youngsters to a kibbutz and describes him­ markets. recent profile of MICKEY LELAND that ap­ self as a "staunch friend of Israel,'' but he So perhaps the new economic thinking is peared in the Washington Post on Septem­ says he is also for the self-determination of right: It is time to stop being quite so dog­ ber 27, 1985. The article is as follows: the Palestinians. He has tangled repeatedly matic about free trade. Our agricultural with television executives over off-camera sector has long been a huge exception to the LEI.AND AND THE WAR ON HUNGER employment and the image of minorities in free-trade regime: We limit imports of many prime-time programming, and with the Fed­ crops, and we have an elaborate system to Representive Mickey Leland CD-Tex.> was eral Communications Commission over af­ hold the U.S. price of several other crops in an Ethiopian refugee camp, standing at firmative action policies in the industry. A above the world price. The paradoxical what he calls "the end of the Earth." An of­ full year before Diahann Carroll and Billy result is the world's cheapest food. And our ficial was explaining the desolation; Leland Dee Williams showed up on "Dynasty,'' he prodigious, state-dominated weapans indus­ was looking at it. grilled ABC executives about why the show try indirectly subsidizes civilian high tech. "I was asking him about this little girl didn't have any black characters. Now he is Star Wars is being hailed as a $26 billion in­ who looked to be about 70 or 80 years old-a livid with Williams for saying his recent dustrial "Marshall" Plan. skeleton of a person with a thin layer of roles weren't due to any pressure. October 7, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26497 In the Washington places where criticism have been called a focal point in changing any acquisitions by minorities or women. As of a liberal politician like Leland naturally attitudes toward minorities. He showed that a result, a television station and two radio breeds, he appears to have ruffled few minorities in Texas were a coming political stations are minority-owned. feathers. "We vote 100 percent different," force," says Rep. Ronald Coleman CD-Tex.>. The Black Caucus, currently 20 Democrat­ says Rep. Jack Fields . but "we are who shared a desk with Leland in Austin. ic members, has a role magnified beyond its able to dialogue and I find it ironic that I When former Texas representative Bar­ numbers. It is regarded as representing a am teaching him how to play basketball." bara Jordan announced she was retiring, national constituency and acts as spokes­ Rep. Bill Emerson . A close friend, Richardson talks "He immediately upon our request divert­ won. "Burris let himself be used," says about Leland's hyperactivity: "When we are ed a ship that was going to India with food Leland, who says he supported Burris in the both in town on Saturdays, we have gone to to Ethiopia. I was really happy-for the caucus but felt Burris should stand by the see three movies in a day to catch up with first time proud-that President Reagan caucus' vote. In a press conference after the the way normal people live. One time we was our president. He was far greater con­ February vote, Leland used the analogy of saw 'Rambo,' 'Missing in Action' and 'Back cerned than I had seen him on any issue the loyalty house slaves felt toward planta­ to the Future.' Mickey works and plays hard dealing with human beings. That was a rare tion masters. A reporter asked him what he and he is effective both ways." occasion, I might add," says Leland. was trying to say and Leland recalls saying, Leland started to advocate a caucus on Otherwise, he says, the relationship be­ "The conventional term is Uncle Tom." world hunger when he joined Congress in tween the Caucus and the White House is "They are the ones who called him an Uncle 1979. At first he ran up against a stone wall. "very bad"-then reconsiders and contin­ Tom," he says. "I didn't ... I opposed what He was opposed by people who thought an­ ues-"It is not bad, it is not good, it is non­ Burris had done. And if the shoe fits wear other select committee was crazy. And he existent." Not meeting with the Black it." was opposed by congressmen who thought Caucus, says Leland, "is past being just in­ "I am not a conventional politician-by no he was infringing on their turf of foreign re­ sensitive. It is an evil character who refuses means," he says. lations, agriculture and appropriations. He to spend time with people who have a deep Leland grew up in a working class neigh­ kept trying. abiding concern about humanity when we borhood of Houston. He says he learned his After four years, when even the horrors are in severe jeopardy." values from the sacrifices of his mother, a he described from a 1983 trip to Ethiopia Each fall the Caucus sponsors a five-day teacher who had put herself through school didn't sway the sentiment, Leland, as he round of panels, hearings, speeches and re­ working as a short-order cook. puts it, "went to the people.'' He rallied all ceptions. It's an unusual effort for a con­ Health and hunger issues aren't new to the organizations that had hunger issues on gressional body, and the events attract at him. As a pharmacy student at Texas their portfolio. Then he called in the celeb­ least 10,000 people each year. "They come Southern, Leland was attracted to the work rities, such as John Denver, Valerie Harper here to listen, they come here to help us de­ of the Medical Committee for Human and Cliff Robertson. Then Speaker of the velop agendas for the next year," says Rights, a group of health professionals who House Thomas P. home, Leland struck up pharmaceutical lobby by pushing for a ge­ Yet it is in lobbying for minority owner­ a conversation in Spanish-which he has neric substitution bill and for legislation to ship that Leland has had his greatest suc­ used on the House floor-with a student make it harder for kids to buy over-the­ cess. Earlier this year when Capital Cities parking cars. "When he said he was from counter cough medicine, which they were Communications announced it was buying Puerto Rico, Mickey said, 'Did you know using as a stimulant. the American Broadcasting Companies Inc., Raul Julia is inside?' The student's eyes just But his impact was broader than the Leland initiated a meeting of Cap Cities ex­ lit up and Mickey took the guy back inside," issues he focused on. "He could legitimately ecutives and minority investors to discuss recounts Alison Leland. "I turned to some-

!il-O!i!J 0 - >m-:H . The Air Force's this country's dependence on foreign re­ ry. The number of deployed Soviet nuclear total peak wartime shortfall is in excess of sources. warheads is increasing steadily and already 35,000 spaces. The consequence of adding A question that clearly and understand­ exceeds levels that reasonably can be associ­ new missions and weapons systems, without ably weighs heavily on the public's mind is ated with defensive requirements and deter­ corresponding increases in the force level, whether or not the process by which the rence. degrades readiness and erodes mission effec­ nation buys the weapons and tools for the The pace of long-standing Soviet efforts tiveness. Superior weapon systems are rel­ common defense is working. This Associa­ in the field of strategic defense is quicken- egated to inferiority when they are not tion believes unequivocally that we, as a October 7, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26499 nation, cannot tolerate the perception of wrong in maintaining the tools that are es­ to those of the Warsaw Pact, NATO's im­ wrong doing or incompetence any more sential for the prevention of nuclear war. portance cannot emphasized enough. than we can live with actual waste, fraud, or This Association believes that ballistic mis­ Certainly each of the countries belonging abuse. The taxpayer is entitled to a full sile and strategic air defenses represent im­ return on every dollar invested in the na­ portant deterrence capabilities. We must to NATO is extremely important to the con­ tional defense. The acquisition process must not let them atrophy. tinued security of the West, but some coun­ be kept "lean and mean" by industry as well The Administration's Strategic Defense tries, because of their geostrgtegic position, as by the executive and legislative branches Initiative is a prudent, timely effort have become more important than others. of government. to gauge the technical feasibility and cost­ Turkey is one such country. It is NATO's We know that a limited number of mis­ effectiveness of a layered, comprehensive eastern anchor, sharing a direct border takes has been portrayed as the rule rather ballistic missile defense system. SDI. this with the Soviet Union and controlling than the exception; but we also know that Association believes, is not escalatory; this there is room for improvement. Overregula­ research and development initiative rep­ Soviet naval access to the Mediterranean. tion is inhibiting the defense industry's cre­ resents a critically important, initial re­ In addition to its geographic position, Tur­ ativity and a flood of new laws is engulfing sponse to massive Soviet programs that key's importance as an intelligence gather­ program offices and industrial managers in have placed the USSR in the position of a ing base in the Middle East has also grown more and more paper work. We commend clear-cut frontrunner in strategic offensive tremendously since the fall of Iran to Is­ the Air Force for setting priorities wisely missiles and in the field of strategic defense. lamic fanaticism and Khomeini in 1979. and austerely, with the emphasis on sustain­ If technically feasible, strategic defense sys­ Turkey's importance to NATO is certain­ ing essential programs at the required, most tems could provide an active means for pro­ effective pace and level. We urge Congress tecting the American homeland-and our ly not ignored by the Soviets. Since the to provide responsible oversight and to au­ Allies-should deterrence fail. days of the czars, Turkey has been a target thorize and appropriate funds on a sus­ The Air Force Association remains con­ of Russian expansionism. Today more than tained basis in phase with cost-effective pro­ vinced that the need for successful deter­ ever, the Soviets desire to control those gram management. Above all, we believe rence extends across the spectrum of con­ countries with which it shares borders, and that the development, acquisition, and flict, including theater-nuclear, chemical, Turkey is particularly troublesome because maintenance of our weapons and supplies and conventional warfare. In cases where of its pro-west, anti-Communist policies. must be treated as a team effort by govern­ deterrence fails, we must respond by the But in spite of Moscow's designs on ment and industry. This nation must recap­ flexible and sufficient application of force ture the spirit of partnership that made to ensure that no area of vital interest is Turkey, until now a direct attack has not America the arsenal of democracy in past, lost by default. If war is forced upon us, we been launched, nor does such an attack trying times. This partnership works best must win-we cannot allow aggression to seem imminent. Not only do the Soviets when the responsibilities for and contribu­ benefit the aggressor. wish to avoid a direct confrontation with tions to our national security requirements In summary, the Air Force Association an important U.S. ally, they could also not hecome a common challenge; adversarial re­ sees clear evidence that the Soviet challenge afford to become involved in another situa­ lationships hinder the process. and threat to our interests are global and tion comparable to the one in Afghanistan. The reliability and maintainability mounting; deterrence requires, therefore, standards of any weapon or support that we maintain the qualitative edge across Rather, the Soviets have employed a more system that industry produces and that the all of America's global response capabilities. insidious, less overt manner of gaining con­ Air Force buys and operates must be treated Anything less would jeopardize peace and trol-terrorism. They have armed, trained, as an all encompassing requirement by both liberty. and harbored numerous terrorists groups partners of the government-industry team. that carry out assassinations and bombings Aircraft, missiles, and other weapon systems both within Turkey and abroad. The most that can't fly or fight when needed cripple TURKEY: TARGET FOR SOVIET notorious and violent of these organiza­ combat effectiveness. Furthermore, systems SPONSORED TERROR that are deficient in terms of R&M drain tions, the Armenian Secret Army for the the Air Force's most valuable resource, its Liberation of Armenia CASALA], is an inte­ combat and support personnel. Adequate HON. PHILIP M. CRANE gral part of the worldwide terrorist net­ R&M is a "force multiplier;" inadequate OF ILLINOIS work that includes such groups as the R&M depletes the force. This Association PLO, Islamic Jihad-the group that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES commends the Air Force for taking the lead claimed responsibility for the 1983 bombing in making R&M a make-or-break criterion Monday, October 7, 1985 of the Marine compound in Beirut­ in systems acquisition. SW APO, the Red Army Brigades, Action Two related requirements, in this Associa­ Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, the North At­ tion's view, are imperative for retaining this lantic Treaty Organization [NATO] was es­ Directe, and the dozens of other groups. country's qualitative edge in the operational tablished in 1951 to create a single unified ASALA, with Soviet support and financ­ field. Aging and obsolescent weapons and defense force to safeguard the security of ing, seeks to facilitate the Soviet takeover equipment must be replaced expeditiously; the North Atlantic area. Members of NATO of Turkey by destabilizing the country and also, the force structure has to be tailored agree under article V of the treaty to creating conditions in which the Govern­ to the growing, changing threat. Nowhere is regard an attack upon any of them as an ment can only remain in power by clamp­ this need more pronounced than in the stra­ ing down on dissent and public demonstra­ tegic sector where both offensive and defen­ attack upon all, and, if an armed attack sive capabilities must be modernized or ex­ occurs, each will render such assistance as tions. Bombings and assassinations of panded. it deems necessary. The treaty also states Turkish diplomats and officials have The Administration's five-pronged strate­ that NATO's members seek "the further de­ become commonplace in recent years. gic program-consisting of ICBMs, strategic velopment of peaceful and friendly interna­ Many of the terrorists carrying out these bombers, the Trident force, survivable com­ tional relations • • • and to eliminate con­ despicable acts were trained and harbored mand and control systems, and revitalized flict in their international economic poli­ in Syria-site of at least five ASALA train­ strategic defenses-is the categoric impera­ cies." ing camps-Bulgaria, or other Soviet satel­ tive of effective U.S. deterrence in the years ahead. Its individual elements are sized and NATO has become more important with lite countries. structured to work in concert with one an­ the passage of time, due largely to the mili­ And yet is spite of all this, Turkey has other and to provide in the aggregate an un­ tary strength and bellicosity of its counter­ been able to remain remarkably stable and ambiguous response capability essential for part, the Warsaw Pact nations. Today surprisingly open. Its standard of living successful deterrence of nuclear war. Con­ NATO provides not only the basic frame­ has also risen steadily. Given the fact that gress' recent curtailment of individual com­ work of the political-military structure of another important NATO ally, Greece, has ponents of this integrated program tend to the West, but it is in a very literal sense the taken a sharp turn to the left under Pre­ weaken all of them and put at risk this "sword and shield" of the West. Without mier Andreas Papandreou, and has even in­ country's ability to deter nuclear war in a NATO, each of the Western countries cohesive, sustained fashion. We urge Con­ timated that it may withdraw from NATO gress to support specifically the develop­ would be left on its own to defend against altogether, ties between the United States ment and deployment of new, capable possible aggression by the Soviet Union or and Turkey must be further strengthened. ICBMs that are the bedrock of our nuclear Warsaw Pact nations. Given the military Military and economic aid that is now deterrence. We simply can't afford to be strength of the Western countries relative given to Greece should be transferred to 26500 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 7, 1985 Turkey should Greece leave NATO. The Soviets believe that an Islamic uprising is extreme conditions similar to those they United States must also assist in Turkey's virtually ine-.ritable and that it could be would face in the field. ongoing battle against terrorism. Further­ forestalled by consolidating Soviet control KAVKAZ-85 should give cause for consid­ more, we must never discount the possibili­ over portions of eastern Turkey. erable political and military rethinking and The Soviets believe that, if they attacked re-evaluation on the part of American lead­ ty of a direct Soviet attack on Turkey, as Turkey in the context of a local war, the ers and NATO. highlighted by the recent Soviet military other European members of NATO would exercise in the Caucasus Mountains. This stand aside and neither intervene nor escalate the war AT SHIP CHRISTENING Turkey, underscores the Soviet designs on into Central Europe. Turkey as well as our need to strengthen The invasion of eastern Turkey and suc­ ties with Turkey. The following article ex­ cessful "liberation" of a NATO member by HON.UNDY(MRS.HALE)BOGGS plains the purpose of the Soviet exercise, "peace-loving Soviet forces" might demon­ OF LOUISIANA strate to the West European countries of and should put each of us on notice as to the impotence of NATO and lead, so the So­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their intentions. I highly recommend it to viets believe, to the "self-Finlandization" of Monday, October 7, 1985 my colleagues. Europe. Mrs. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, on Saturday, SOVIETS " CONQUER" TURKS IN EXERCISE KAVKAZ-85, therefore, was a crucial re­ lightning strike conditions, and was an integral part of a many years. These new ships represent a against Turkey. series of operational-level exercises conduct­ determined effort by the Navy to increase The Soviets started a major reassessment ed in 1976-1977 all over the Soviet Union. its ability to better provide fuel support for of the challenges of the Northern Tier In this series, the new generation of ships at sea. region in spring 1980 while they were still­ weapon systems and the tactics and oper­ The principal speaker at the christening consolidating their position in Afghanistan. ational art for their use were examined under varying terrain conditions. Those ex­ was one of our former colleagues, Jennings By last year, this reassessment process had Randolph, a retired Senator from West Vir­ led the Soviets to commit themselves to re­ ercises were intended to confirm the per­ solving regional conflicts and tensions formance and capabilities of Soviet subunits ginia. I would like to share his remarks through local wars-should the need arise. on a non-nuclear battlefield. Based on the about Henry Kaiser with our colleagues. In KAVKAZ-85, the Soviet armed forces results of those exercises, the Soviets subse­ Thank you. unmistakably demonstrated that they are quently committed themselves to the non­ "A task without a vision is drudgery, capable of conducting deep offensive mili­ nuclear land offensive as the prime form of "A vision without a task is a dream, tary operations-essential for victory in Soviet warfare. "But a task and a vision combined are the local war-in rugged, mountainous terrain. The way in which the 1976 KAVKAZ hope of the world." The essence of the military exercise was combat operations were conducted revealed These words, the author of which, re­ to drive a Soviet force rapidly through a that the exercise aimed to prepare the Sovi­ mains unknown, eloquently describe the life series of challenges, ranging from virtually ets for confrontation with Turkish forces in and work of Henry J. Kaiser. This famed in­ impassable terrain to determined enemy de­ the event of a Soviet invasion of eastern dustrialist always had a task-but he was fenses. Turkey during a major war against NATO. also a man of enormous vision. Literally, his Special attention was paid to the integra­ Those exercises focused on acquiring cred­ task and vision combined in those dark days tion of small subunits into a concentrated ible capabilities to confront major NATO of World War II to become the hope of the main effort. Subunits traveling separately forces and so included a corps-level deep of­ free world through the massive and innova­ through mountain passes emerged in a co­ fensive, integrating tanks and combined­ tive Kaiser Ship Building Program. ordinated manner into areas of major en­ arms subunits as well as helicopters and hel­ I knew Henry J . Kaiser well. I admired gagements, maintaining the surprise factor icopter-borne subunits in a single continu­ him. I learned from him. And, as so many because it is impossible to block or even ous offensive. millions of people I stood in awe of him. monitor every mountain pass over a wide The first of two highlights of the exercise For these reasons, it is a special privilege area. was a bold raid on the "enemy" forward for me to participate in this launching of Of special significance was t!'le Soviet em­ headquarters by SPETSNAZ commandos the lead underway replenishment oiler phasis on the conduct of true combined just prior to the start of the major battle. Henry J. Kaiser . arms combat operations involving small This successfully caught the "enemy" off I commend Secretary of the Navy John units and subunits. Soviet analysts of guard and disrupted command and control Lehman and the Department of the Navy KAVKAZ-85 emphasized the crucial signifi­ at the most critical moment. The second for the naming of this ship in honor of Mr. cance of the deep outflanking and envelop­ highlight was a major and swift engagement Kaiser. When the idea of such a naming was ment maneuvers carried out by diversified between the main forces of both sides on first proposed, it was a particular pleasure­ detachments. the main axis of Soviet advance through ex­ really, a joy-for me to endorse the proposal "The area of the exercise has its bound tremely difficult mountainous terrain. In and to personally confer with Secretary aries, but when the troops begin to maneu­ this engagement, the winning commander Lehman. This is deserved recognition of the ver, under the conditions of the complex demonstrated exceptional skills in the use contributions of a dedicated and patriotic strategic game they are entitled to make use of firepower while maintaining the bulk of American whose service to his country must of any adjacent road,"one analyst comment­ his forces in a rapidly moving march forma­ be measured in historic proportions. ed. tion. But Henry Kaiser was a man of larger­ Particular attention was paid to closely co­ KAVKAZ-85 was conducted in an area 100 than-life proportions. He was a thinker-a ordinating cooperation between ground kilometers square along the northern slopes builder-and possibly most important, a hu­ troops, helicopters and fighter-bombers. of the Kura River southeast of Tiflis, only manitarian. Why target Turkey? Turkey has been a some 200 kilometers from the borders with In his lifetime, his accomplishments target for Russian expansion since the days Turkey and Iran. The bulk of the maneu­ stretched the label "industrialist" to new di­ of the czars. Soviet strategic interests in the vers took place on extremely rugged ground mensions. Many men built bigger single Middle East and Europe have kept Turkey under a blazing summer heat. companies or made more money than in the forefront of the Soviet desire to have The Soviets chose to hold the exercises Kaiser, but nobody ever created such a only subservient states on its borders. under those conditions to expose equipment broad collection of companies. He was tire­ Turkey also poses a threat through its and men to the additional challenges of con­ less. a man of vision and spirit; many times membership in NATO. Furthermore, the ducting offensive military operations under he ventured into fields in which he had no October 7, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26501 practical knowledge and became the master "But there are among us harbingers of SALT and other arms control treaty viola­ of that field. doubt-those who fear for the future-some tions. We agree that the most dangerous The scope of his activities are recorded in who see a danger, for instance, of our coun­ Soviet violations are: the annals of business and in the history of try becoming a strictly materialistic 1. Disregard of qualitative constraints of our nation-construction, cement, sand and nation-of overproducing and facing unem­ SALT II, in particular, Soviet large-scale de­ gravel, shipbuilding, steel, manufacturing, ployment. ployment of the prohibited second new-type automobiles, aluminum, hotels, radio and "Count me among those who fear, but ICBM, the mobile SS-25; television broadcasting facilities. count me among those who look upon our 2. Hundreds of Soviet Strategic Nuclear All of these endeavor were based on the future as a great opportunity which can fill Delivery Vehicles exceeding the SALT II Kaiser philosophy. Two of his favorite man's soul with hope. launcher ceilings, when equality was man­ sayings were "problems are opportunities in "Our industrial development will mean dated; work clothes" and "find a need and fill it." more employment, the need for more 3. The prohibited Soviet SS-NX-23 heavy Indeed, he saw hundreds of needs and trained, skilled and capable people than SLBM; plenty of opportunity. today. It can free men and women still more from the shackles of routine drudgery; it 4. Expanding Soviet disregard for SALT I Despite these enormous achievements, it ABM Treaty limits, including Soviet ABM­ is very possible that the name of Henry J. can free our hands so that we can do better Kaiser will continue to stand out in history and more efficiently our life's work. It can mode tests of air defense missiles and because of the Kaiser-Permanente Medical free our minds to think and create." radars; Care Program and the Kaiser shipyards of 5. The Krasnoyarsk ABM Battle Manage­ World War II. These may be viewed as his ment Radar violation; real legacies. ABM TREATY 6. Soviet deployment of a prohibited radar The Medical Care Program, the world's and mobile ABM capability base for a na­ largest private initiative system of hospitals HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN tionwide ABM defense; and and prepaid health care, pioneered health 7. Violation of the 1962 Kennedy-Khru­ OF CALIFORNIA shchev Agreement by sending offensive care financing and delivery. It was a revolu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tionary achievement which was always very weapons to Cuba. close to Mr. Kaiser's heart. Monday, October 7, 1985 Attached for public reference is a compre­ On his 85th birthday, several months hensive list of 32 Soviet SALT and other Mr. DORNAN of California. Mr. Speaker, arms control treaty violations which you before he died, he told reporters, "of all the October 3 was the 13th anniversary of the things I've done, I expect only to be remem­ and your administration have reported or bered for my hospitals. They're the things entry into force of the ABM Treaty. This confirmed in the three reports you have that are filling the people's greatest need­ treaty is hailed by some as the "jewel" of sent to Congress, together with a list of 22 good health." the all arms control agreements. But this additional Soviet violations or circumven­ That may have been the only time in his "jewel" has become flawed by repeated tions reported in the press. This is the first life that Henry Kaiser was wrong! For, cer­ abuse by the Soviet Union. The Soviets time that these violations have been aggre­ tainly, he will be remembered for the se~en have flagrantly disregarded many of the gated. shipyards that built 1,490 ships duri_ng ABM Treaty's most important provisions. There are now reports of impending World War II, including 821 Liberty ships Soviet probable violation of the 1967 Treaty However, Soviet noncompliance goes well of Tlatelolco prohibiting nuclear weapons in and 50 small aircraft carriers, in record beyond this one "flawed jewel." time. This was roughly 30 percent of the Latin America, by their sending of a Soviet American production of merchant shipping The Soviet Union has a very poor record naval warship squadron with nuclear mis­ in this period. The Kaiser shipyards estab­ of compliance with international agree­ siles to visit the Mexican port of Veracruz. ments and treaties; they have an excellent lished a reputation for speed, averaging one PROPORTIONATE RESPONSES new ship a day and an aircraft carrier per record with getting away with their week· for innovation; for problem solving; breaches, circumventions and outright vio­ As you correctly pointed out in your June and for economy. On Liberty ships alone, 10, 1985 statement to Congress on interim lations. restraint, "proportionate responses" to government records show that the Kaiser A few of our colleagues in the other body yards saved the U.S. more than $266 million these Soviet violations are necessary, and share my concern and have written an ex­ Congress responded by authorizing such over the average cost of the same type built cellent letter to the President outlining in other yards. On all ships combined, proportionate responses in the FY 1986 De­ Kaiser built them in two thirds the time Soviet violations with strategic arms con­ fense Authorization Bill. and at 25 percent less cost than the average trol agreements. These distinguished col­ Your three reports have been important of all other shipyards. leagues have encouraged him to again raise steps in educating the American people But this was not the limit of his record. this crucial issue of Soviet noncompliance about the Soviet threat, as was the declassi­ Simultaneously, other Kaiser people were of arm control commitments with Soviet fied National Intelligence Estimate on the involved in the building of air bases, aque­ unprecedented Soviet offensive and defen­ General Secretary Gorbachev this Novem­ sive strategic buildups released to the ducts, harbors, troop facilities, drydocks, ber in Geneva. naval installations, and managing the larg­ Senate at White House request in June. We est artillery shell operation in the U.S. I would like to share this letter with my support your continued declassification ef­ The volume of the five-year war effort of colleagues. forts. the Kaiser organization totaled about $5 bil­ U.S. SENATE, We are anxiously awaiting the study that lion; the net profit was $40 million-less Washington, DC, September 9, 1985. you directed the Defense Department to than one percent. The PRESIDENT, prepare, the "Response to Soviet Violations The Henry J. Kaiser is a vital part of our The White House, Paper," due to you by November 15, 1985. naval modernization program, built by an Washington, DC. Because you have announced that you essential segment of our ship building indus­ DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: As loyal Reagan sup­ intend to make this study part of your FY try. Avondale Shipyard. porters, we are writing to share the strong 1987 Defense Budget request to Congress in She will operate in direct support of the concern you expressed to us on June 10, January, 1986, we request consultation on fleet with a civilian and naval crew in whose 1985 about the military implications of the the results of the "RSVP" study effort, as charge we entrust her. . Soviet SALT and other arms control treaty well as an advance copy of a summary of its Let us launch her in a spirit of hope, opti­ violations. We agree with your resolve to re­ most important conclusions as soon as you mism, and vision expressed by the man for spond to the expanding pattern of ~oviet can make it available to Congress. which she is named: violations. We strongly urge you to ralSe yet Against this background of these 32 Presi­ "We have now at our fingertips new again the 32 Presidentially reported or con­ dentially reported and confirmed Soviet vio­ means of precision control of equipment firmed Soviet violations with Soviet General lations, we hope that you will not give final and materials . . . Secretary Gorbachev at the November 19, approval to proceed with scrapping our "We have the potential of great new 1985 Geneva Summit Meeting. Until the So­ highly survivable Poseidon submarines in sources of energy. But even more important, viets admit and reverse SALT violations, the order to comply with the unratified and "fa­ we have the opportunity to utilize more existing arms control treaties and negotiat­ tally flawed" SALT II Treaty which the So­ fully our traditional sources of energy ... ing process only undermine the security of viets are clearly violating. As you are well "Our present vast technological develop­ America and the Free World. aware, there are serious Contitutional and ments make it possible for us to produce SOVIET SALT VIOLATIONS legal problems involved in prolonged U.S. more and better things to be placed within You have courageously reported three compliance with an unratified SALT II the reach of more and more people. times since January 23, 1984, on Soviet Treaty, beyond the severe dangers to U.S. 26502 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 7, 1985 national security of U.S. unilateral compli­ highly complex, very tense. I would even go operational by early 1986. And as your June ance. so far as to say explosive . .. would there 10 Report to Congress stated: " . .. the in­ As you correctly stated to Congress on not be a temptation to believe 'at last we tegrity of the U.S. strategic modernization June 10, continued U.S. SALT II compliance have overtaken our partner. Is it not time program must be maintained." and progress in arms control requires that then to seek to achieve superiority and to We believe that currently planned strate­ "the Soviet Union take the positive, con­ untie our hands in the field of foreign gic force cutbacks go in precisely the oppo­ crete steps to correct its non-compliance. . . policy? . . . time is passing and it might be site direction, especially at a time when the and reverse its unparalled and unwarranted too late Cto reverse the crisis in U.S.-Soviet top Soviet leader is describing the interna­ military buildup." The impending Geneva relations.] The train might have already tional situation as "explosive.·· As your Na­ U.S.-Soviet Summit may be the Soviets' last left the station . . We must not allow tional Security Advisor stated on June 10, chance, and your best opportunity to things to go so far as confrontation between we should be "accelerating and adding to remind the Soviet leadership of the necessi­ our two countries ... I would say that we the U.S. strategic modernization program." ty of reversing their arms control breaches. would come to an unpredictable phase in re­ in light of the Soviet violations. BORBACHEV'S DENIALS lations." Security Advisor's statement that you will the following bold claim of Soviet Commu­ Mr. President, these Gorbachev state­ "reach some decisions based on the [De­ ments shoud be interpreted as explicit, ex­ fense Secretary's report to Cthe President] nist Party General Secretary Gorbachev in tremely dangerous nuclear blackmail the September 9, 1985 issue of Time maga­ in November. These would probably be re­ zine: threats, from the top Soviet leader himself. flected in the CFY 1987 Defense] budget These threats suggest that Gorbachev plans submission in January." "There are also still in effect such treaties a confrontational Summit meeting: either as the ABM Treaty, the SALT II provi­ you must abandon your own Strategic De­ ARMS CONTROL COMPLIANCE SUPPLEMENTAL sions. . . the banning of nuclear weapons fense Initiative and acquiesce to Soviet stra­ We urge you to assemble all of your pro­ tests in three environments To this day, so tegic superiority, or the Soviets may pro­ portional response options to the Soviet vio­ far, they are in operation. But even today, voke a military, even a nuclear crisis in lations in a FY 1986 Arms Control Compli­ attempts are being made to remove these re­ which they have clear preponderance and ance Supplemental Defense Request, so straints or at least to raise the question of the U.S. would have to back down. that both the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Con­ overturning the treaties, of abrogating gress can honestly assess the threats and re­ them."CEmphasis added.) BREZHNEV'S SECRET BOAST quirements posed by the Soviet SALT Break We marvel at the brazenness of these de­ We remind you of the prophetic, then­ Out violations in one package, unencum­ ceptive and duplicitous Soviet denials that secret boast by an earlier Soviet General bered by other defense or budgetary consid­ they are violating the ABM Treaty as well Secretary, Leonid Brezhnev, before East Eu­ erations. as SALT I and II and the nuclear testing ropean Communist leaders in Prague in the As your National Security Advisor stated bans. Gorbachev is attempting to blame Spring of 1973, which is well on its way, un­ on June 10, the Soviets must "get back in concern about the viability of SALT I and II fortunately, to coming true: compliance, or you can expect compensating on the U.S. and deflect it from the Soviets. "We are achieving with detente what our measures to be taken . . . we will take action But the Soviet SALT violations are so obvi­ predecessors have been unable to achieve to account for what they've already done in ous and so challenging to world peace that using the mailed fist . . . because of the de­ violation." But he added: "at the bottom, they can no longer be hidden by Soviet lies cisive shift in the correlation of forces, by the basic criterion must be assuring the se­ and deceptions. Unless reversed, these acts 1985 we will be able to exert our will wher­ curity of the United States." We agree. by themselves constitute the long feared ever we need to." Soviet "Break Out" from arms control re­ The responsibility rests in your hands to YOUR LEGACY straints. make sure that Brezhnev's goal is not satis­ We believe that your legacy should be Previous U.S. Administrations have re­ fied. You yourself have conceded Soviet that of the Leader who has tried to restore peatedly vowed that if the U.S. detected any strategic superiority publicly at least 7 times American strength, power, and moral au­ significant Soviet arms control violation, since 1982. Your National Security Advisor thority. The people who gave you a land­ the U.S. would reassess the entire spectrum stated on June 10,: "ti1ere has been, clearly, slide victory in both 1980 and 1984 gave you of U.S.-Soviet relations. We urge you to do an increase in both the pace and quality of that mandate on the basis of this commit­ this. Even the Carter Administration vowed Soviet building programs .. . " The declassi­ ment. We urge you to continue to make this that the U.S. would match or overmatch fied National Intelligence Estimate confirms your legacy. any Soviet strategic buildup in violation of many details of this unprecedented Soviet Sincerely, SALT II. Gorbachev's brazen denials of strategic buildup. The Soviets have gained Jesse Helms, Steve Symms, Chic Hecht. Soviet violations indicate clearly that so far their main objective of strategic superiority Malcolm Wallop, Jake Garn, Paul your effort expressed on June 10 to "go the over the U.S. through their SALT Break Laxalt, Strom Thurmond, Jeremiah extra mile" in the U.S. interim restraint has Out violations, and thus they will be very Denton. been futile. If the Soviets will not even reluctant to correct these violations. Indeed, admit their violations, will they ever reverse deliberate Soviet efforts to counter U.S. Na­ them? It is time for you to act decisively. tional Technical Means of verification GRAMBLING COACH EDDIE As your own National Security Advisor strongly indicate a Soviet intention to perse­ ROBINSON stated on June 10: "There can not be a vere in their violations. future regime of arms control without com­ Mr. President, we urge you to continue to pliance." He added that "If arms control by stand up strongly for American national se­ HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. extraordinary Soviet violations were to lose curity interests by achieving the reversal of OF MICHIGAN its meaning, we would have to build more the Soviet SALT Break Out violations, systems clearly." In fact, we strongly urge either by bilateral diplomacy at the Summit IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES you to invoke supreme U.S. national securi­ or by selective U.S. abrogation and unilater­ Monday, October 7, 1985 ty interests and selectively withdraw from al U.S. defense programs which proportion­ those provisions of arms control treaties ately respond to them. Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, I rise to call to my colleagues attention the out­ that Soviets are systematically violating. As MX AND SDI CUTBACKS standing record of Grambling State Univer­ your own National Security Advisor also We note with grave concern the recent stated on June 10, "Non-compliance does Congressionally imposed cutbacks in your sity's football coach Eddie Robinson who entail costs." Strategic Defense Initiative and in MX de­ achieved his 324th victory this past Satur­ GORBACHEV'S BLACKMAIL THREATS ployment, but we are especially alarmed day, October 5, and became the most suc­ Mr. President, we also urge your vigilance with Defense Secretary Weinberger's recent cessful college football coach of all time. and preparation for response to Soviet Gen­ agreement to stop MX deployment at no Coach Robinson received little national eral Secretary Gorbachev's chilling new more than 50 ICBMs in existing Minuteman recognition for his accomplishments over threats against world peace, also recently silos and not seek further MX deployment the past 44 seasons. In addition to leading expressed in Time magazine: funds in the FY 1987 Defense Budget now the Grambling Tigers to a long string of "Relations between our two countries are in preparation at the Pentagon. This will victories, he has seen to it that 95 percent continuing to deteriorate, the arms race is delay the already long-delayed MX program intensifying, and the war threat is not sub­ another year, for no good reason, and we of his players received their degrees. In ad­ siding. . . . it looks like the stage is being may not get even 100 MXs until after 1989, dition, over 200 athletes from Grambling set for a bout between some kind of political if then. Even the Carter Administration have gone on to play professional football. super gladiators' . .. {the] situation today is planned 200 survivable MX ICBMs, to be All of them are grateful for the assistance October 7, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26503 which Coach Robinson gave them in ROBINSON WAS COACHING . . . [From USA Today, Oct. 4, 1985] launching their careers. Remember that when Bear Bryant was EDDIE ROBINSON-COACH PUTS THE BIG WIN, Eddie Robinson's football program has starting out at Maryland, Eddie Robinson LIFE, GAME IN PERSPECTIVE become legendary throughout the country. was already at Grambling, coaching foot­ ball. A one-man staff. them. remained mortal. He lives in a sprawling­ Midnight. Forty young black men get on a Time magazine once asked him about the but-modest brick house on Adams Avenue, a bus in Mississippi. Their coaches follow. irony of it, and he shrugged. "Some build couple of blocks from the Grambling Then the assistants. The trainer. They are the roads, some drive over them," he said. campus. The car in the driveway is a 4-year­ all black. Eddie Robinson, the head coach, "We're getting there." old Pontiac. gets on last, still in the suit he wore on the NOT MUCH FUSS OVER THIS RECORD You can still find his number in thephone football field hours earlier. Well, maybe and maybe not. Saturday book and get an hour-or two or three-of The air is cold and still. You can hear marks the start of Grambling's 1985 season, his time during the day. Robinson, 66, loves crickets. Robinson nods, and the bus rolls. with Rob.inson only four wins from breaking to talk. Seven hours and 400 miles will pass before Bryant's career mark of 323 victories. And I He never has coached practices from a the team gets home to Grambling, La. This . don't hear much fuss, much Pete Rose-type tower, as Bryant did. He won't occupy a ped­ is how they travel. hooplah. estal now. Robinson leans against the window, his Oh, there's an article here and there. But "It's like in '56, when Alonzo Stagg was at forehead creased with age lines, and holds you can bet if he were white and at a major the first convention. I ever at· out a roll of mints, "Want one?" he asks. school you'd know Robinson's name back­ tended. We were all standing in line to meet Then he begins to reminisce, his voice a ward by now. him and, when I got up there and shook his whisper over the engine. And meanwhile, he goes on, still on a tiny hand, I just held it and looked at it. I was The stories. Fascinating. Horrible. Of the budget, still making the midnight bus rides, trying to see if he was for real. 1940s, and the lunch-meat sandwiches he still driving the Louisiana backroads to re­ "Somebody behind me said, 'Kiss him, and used to prepare for his players because cruit players. move on.'" blacks were not allowed in the restaurants. He is 66 now, and how many men owe him Robinson started at Grambling in 1941, Of the 1950s, and how they broke down their football careers? Tank Younger, Willie when the school was called Louisiana Negro somewhere in the Deep South, and the Davis, Ernie Ladd, Buck Buchanan, Doug Normal and Industrial Institute, with prac­ nearest mechanic picked up a wrench and Williams. And how many less famous owe tically nothing. For $63.75 a month, he yelled, "Don't bring that nigger bus in him their diplomas, their manners, their limed the field, taped the players, coached, here." pride? directed the drill team at halftime and Of the 1960s, and how some players came Remember Ralph Ellison, the brilliant wrote the game stories himself. A from such poor backgrounds, "they did not black writer, who called himself an Invisible nightwatchman was his only assistant know how to use a knife and fork." Man because people refused to see him? coach. Eddie Robinson took them all. Taught Eddie Robinson has been invisible. Too But he was accustomed to doing without. them all. long. When Robinson visited New York's Harlem Where you expect anger in his voice, No doubt there are some who don't want in 1969, he realized "I had grown up in a there is none. Where you expect resent­ Bryant's legend eclipsed-and particularly ghetto. I thought everybody lived like that." ment, there is none. by a black man. Tough. It's going to He considered dropping out of high school I took this bus ride with him two years happen. to help support his mother, who had sepa­ ago, a year after he won his 300th game. And when it does, it might be worth rated from his father and was earning $4 to Now, in his 44th season, his foot is in the noting that Bryant did not have a black ath­ $5 a week as a domestic worker. But she door of history again. lete in his program until 1970. The same wouldn't let him. He is about to pass Bear Bryant as the col­ year Grambling finally got a sprinkler for So he became the first in his family to lege football coach with the most victories its football field. graduate and went on to Leland College in of all time. Some build the roads, some drive over Baker, La., where he played quarterback And where you expect recognition, there them. and received an English degree. is none. Not the kind Eddie Robinson de­ This college year belongs to Eddie Robin­ Robinson never forgot the value of that serves. son. And sadly, too few of us know it. education. He has steered some 95 percent 26504 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 7, 1985 of Grambling's football players to degrees ... As long as I'm a plus for the university, In the short span of 25 years, this view of their own-eventual NFL stars Charlie I'll continue. It would be hard to hang on if has almost disappeared from the world. Joiner and Everson Walls in accounting, we're getting our brains beat out." Military budgets worldwide have dropped to Doug Williams in therapeutic education and Why he hasn't taken a pro job: "Never one-tenth their 20th-century levels (figures Willie Davis in business administration. really interested." adjusted for deflation>. The incidence of "I instituted a wakeup program. I'd get to Why there's no black head coach in the war has dropped to .25 wars per year from the dorm at 6:15 in the morning with a bell, pros: Black coaches "are going to have to be the 20th-century level of 1.5 per year. and ring it. more aggressive. I advertised for a football Another measure of this change is that "If you're in bed, I'm going to ring that coach, and I had more white applicants wars, when they do occur, have become less bell in your ear, and the only way to make it than black. A lot of black coaches want you deadly. The last war to claim 100,000 victims stop is for your feet to hit the floor. I don't to come to them and ask them to go to was the Iran/Iraq war of the 1980s. Most want to say I make you go to class; I make work. You've got to go after it, make them wars today are settled quickly with the loss you go to breakfast. If you go to breakfast, think they can't win without you." of less than 1,000 lives. you'll go to class." Education: Graduated from McKinley To help us understand this great change, Said Prairie View football coach Conway High School in Baton Rouge, La., and re­ we have invited Dr. John McConnell to join Hayman, who has known Robinson since ceived English degree at Leland College. our conference. Welcome Dr. McConnell. 1971: "He's put football in its proper per­ Home: Four-bedroom, brick house near Mee: Thank you. spective. That's what's wrong with the game school in tiny Grambling. MN: You played an important part in the today: everybody thinks if they get a pro Birthplace: Jackson, La., Feb. 11. 1919. changes that helped establish our current contract, that's it. He instills a certain atti­ "peace system." Could you explain how the tude, a way of life. McConnell network was established? "You never hear about problems with A NOVEL APPROACH TO Mee: First, I have to disagree with your Grambling players like you do at other CONFLICT RESOLUTION statement that what we now have is a schools." "peace system." We have as many conflicts At one point, Robinson said, he thought HON. TIMOTHY E. WIRTH as ever between nations-it might be more about becoming a doctor. He noticed "they accurate to say that we have a "conflict were the people we looked up to. They had OF COLORADO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES management system.'' Peace, after all, is not their footprints in the sands of time." something that humanity naturally seeks. He seems to have accomplished that Monday, October 7, 1985 MN: It would seem that everyone seeks anyway. His legacy is a football program peace-statesmen are continually talking that now plays in New York's Yankee Stadi­ Mr. WIRTH. Mr. Speaker, an innovative approach to solving international conflicts about it. um and the Louisiana Superdome in New McC: Of course they talk about it, but Orleans and has sent more than 200 players has been brought to my attention by Dr. peace has very little to do with life, which is to the pros. He is in the record books with Kendall Gerdes, a physician who lives in full of conflict. Nations seek prestige, the Staggs and the Bryants. my district. Dr. Gerdes organized a group wealth, power, and security. They look for Robinson treasures his memories of of professionals to discuss nuclear policy. peace only when the wolf is at the door and Bryant. They last spoke during an awards This group recently entered a contest, usually find that the wolf is not very inter­ ceremony the week of the 1982 Liberty Bowl sponsored by the Christian Science Moni­ ested in peace. in Memphis. tor, entitled "Peace 2010." The object of MN: Isn't this merely a semantic quibble? "I told him about a story I'd read, about competition was to write an essay from the Mee: No. Peace is a transitory condition. when Lincoln made his Gettysburg Address. It is a "era of good feelings" Everybody felt his speech would live in the point of view of the year 2010, outlining between nations. Continual peace is neither hearts of men and be taught to every how a lasting international peace had been possible nor desirable because it is through schoolchild, but nobody thought it would be established. Although their entry did not conflict that ideals are tested and either proper to tell him. win, Dr. Gerdes and his group sent me the reaffirmed or changed. "Afterward, Lincoln told somebody, 'If a winning essay by Thomas Fehsenfeld. Conflict management, on the other hand, lady who'd lost her son in the war had The article chronicles how politicians is a very realistic goal. It allows conflicts to touched me on the shoulder and said the and scholars utilized a computer network develop and find resolution, but directs speech had touched her heart, it would have to exchange ideas on improving East/West them away from violence. made me feel good.' relations. As politicians and policymakers Our goal with the so-called McConnell "I told coach Bryant I wanted him to network was to find strategies that would know that the people in Tennessee are entered the network, these ideas were im­ allow for conflicts of national interests, but touching your sleeve and telling you what plemented and East/West tensions eased. keep them from erupting into violence. In you've done for college football and Ameri­ From this beginning, the concept of con­ certain instances, we found that conflicts can sports. flict management arose. Rather than striv­ had to be encouraged in the short run to "Maybe it seemed a little old-fashioned. ing to eliminate conflict-an impossible keep them from festering into total con­ But the guy died two weeks after it hap­ task according to Fehsenfeld-individuals flicts. pened. I said it, and I really feel good about and nations should attempt to resolve con­ MN: What is the meaning "total conflict"? it.'' flict nonviolently. Conflict management McC: It was a phrase we coined to describe those conflicts in which the only perceived THE ROBINSON FILE utilizes inevitable controversy to refine and solution is the destruction of the opponent. Likes: Dogs ; test ideals, while finding nonviolent resolu­ One of the most famous total conflicts were movies. tions to problems. the many wars between Rome and Carthage Dislikes: Those who want an asterisk I share Dr. Gerdes' views that this sug­ which ended in the total destruction of beside his record because Grambling is a gestion of using management to channel Carthage. Our conflicts with the Soviets predominantly black, Division I-AA school conflict into constructive change is worthy were at one time seen as total. C"My state dictated to me where I could go of further consideration. I commend this MN: Returning to the McConnell net­ to school and, when I came out, where I article to my colleagues and ask that it be work, please describe how it was formed, could coach. And it dictated the schedule I how it functioned and some of the ideas it could play."> inserted in the RECORD at this point. developed. Family: Married 44 years to wife, Doris, A GLOBAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, McC: It began during the mid-1980s when after an eight-year courtship. Children are STEP BY STEP there were serious questions about human­ Eddie Jr., 41, a Grambling assistant coach, The following is an excerpt from the ity's survival. I had been working for several and Lillian Rose Watkins, 43. Five grand­ online conference "Peace in Our Time," years at the Russian Studies Institute of the children. which was held on the MacroNet Education­ University of Michigan and had published Career highlights: Quarterback for now­ al Network, May 17, 2010. an article questioning our approach to rela­ defunct Leland College in Baker, La. Has MN: There has been a great transforma­ tions with the Soviets. won 323 games, won or shared 13 South­ tion in international relations during the It seemed to me that we were working western Athletic Conference championships past 25 years. During most of the 20th cen­ backward. Our government was working and produced more than 200 pro players in tury, nations looked upon war as a terrible very hard to make agreements with a gov­ 45 years as Grambling's head coach. but necessary part of international rela­ ernment we didn't like or trust. This was On how much longer he'll coach: "I've got tions. War and threats of war were their bound to fail. until the '89 season . down. of legality.'' October 7, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26505 Mee: Yes. I had begun to look at the US Ideas would build into theories almost ef­ MN: What made your approach different and the USSR as partners in the survival of fortlessly. Participants would come and go, from other groups that were making these the world. When you have a partner you adding their perspectives and experience. A types of proposals at the time? Why did trust and respect, you can carry on your kind of natural selection took place until we your group receive a hearing and eventually business on a handshake. On the other began to distill an approach to conflict have some of its ideas adopted? hand, when two partners have a poor rela­ which was unique, and which worked. Mee: There were two ways in which we tionship, when they are continually jockey­ MN: Please describe some of your conclu­ were different. First, we were an open group ing for advantage, then no contract is suffi­ sions. in which anyone who had access to a com­ cient. Any agreement devised by the mind McC: We began with Soviet/American re­ puter terminal could participate. All earlier of man can be circumvented by the mind of lations because almost every national con­ attempts had been made by narrow, usually man. flict at that time was cast in the light of the elite groups which did not build widespread I suggested that we had to find ways to overall East/West conflict. support. improve the underlying relationship be­ If Somalia was being armed by the Sovi­ Secondly, we decided early in our endeav­ tween us. If we did this, agreements would ets, we would send arms to Ethiopia-if or that it was not enough to think up new be much easier to conclude-in fact, such an Ethiopia had a revolution and jumped into ideas and make logical arguments for them. improvement would make many agreements the Soviet camp, we would begin arming the There was a wise old politician who joined unnecessary. Somalis. It was crazy. our group, George Winslow. He continually MN: How would it make agreements un­ Many leaders of third-world nations un­ asked of each idea, "Who has the power to necessary? derstood this, of course. They played off the implement this? How could they be motivat­ McC: Well, for instance, we did not need superpowers to enrich themselves and were ed to do so?" It was fine to argue about agreements with France to limit their nucle­ showered with an incredible amount of so­ what should be, but if no one could find an ar stockpiles because we were confident that phisticated weaponry. Our weapons and the answer to George's questions, the idea was they had no intention of aiming their mis­ Soviets' fueled every was during the last dropped. siles at us. half of the 20th century. MN: Was it Mr. Winslow who came up Our underlying relationship with France Moreover, every strategy tried since World with the idea of "a program, a constituency, was one of sympathy and respect . War between us failed. The United Nations failed-it became McC: Yes. After we had answered his was "unthinkable" in spite of frequent con­ a forum that created and intensified con­ questions about who had the power to im­ flicts. flicts, the arms-control process ·had failed­ plement the idea or program, we could ask MN: What specific proposals did you each new agreement left us with higher what groups in our society woud benefit by make? levels of armaments, detente had failed­ its implementation and what groups could McC: The article contained about a dozen each side was left feeling betrayed because influence the policymaker. We then low cost steps we could take to improve our there was never a common understanding of searched for a way to create a coalition be­ underlying relations. I listed them not be­ what detente meant. Nothing seemed to tween them to get the job done. This ap­ cause they were great ideas, but simply to il­ work. proach worked very well. lustrate that once you focused on the under­ MN: And yet, solutions were there. We had to carry it one step further, of lying relationship instead of the legalities, it McC: Yes, they _were. But at the time, the course, and ask which groups would be op­ was easy to find ways. people who wanted a better relation-ship posed to such a change and how their oppo­ Some of the things suggested were the es­ with the Soviets kept pushing the same sition could be dealt with. tablishment of a joint US/USSR trade field solutions. They wanted a United Na­ MN: Especially the armed forces and their center with a database to aid in matching tions that "worked," or another arms agree­ suppliers? products and markets, a jointly financed ment which would be obsolete with the next McC: The military-industrial complex is and operated space station, diplomatic re­ breakthrough, or a freeze of nuclear weap­ what we called it then. They had to be dealt straint when we were not directly involved ons at ridiculously high levels. with. In a pluralistic society such as ours, in a problem created by the Soviets . lationship . A them. Luckily, there were many missions MN: What happended next? second point was that America could take available for brave and dedicated people. McC: In spite of being a simple idea, the many steps without any formal agreement When you said that military budgets have article was a success. It happened to get that would improve this relationship. We dropped to one-tenth their 20th-century picked up by a couple of liberal senators developed a strategy of "irresistible oppor­ level, you were technically correct. But as looking for a new idea. Liberals were on the tunity." everyone knows, we still have a very large run at the time and fresh out of new ideas. MN: What did you mean by that? army. They are simply performing nonmili­ They liked it because it gave them an ap­ McC: We looked at actions we could take tary missions. Every school kid knows about proach to the USSR which was not belliger­ which would draw the Soviets into the President Andrews' West Point speech of ent, nor did it suggest sacrificing our nation­ world economy and world culture exchange 1993 in which he said, "For 200 years, you al interest just to nail down formal agree­ without threatening their identity. Ways have defended the republic and the Consti­ ments-something the conservatives had ac­ were explored in which the ruble could be tution. Now you must defend the Earth cused them of. turned into a hard currency, for instance, to itself." As a result of the article, I was asked to facilitate their entry into world trade on an The ecological disasters of the late 1980s testify before the Senate Foreign Relations equal basis with other countries. We were the main motivation in this change. Committee and got some publicity. This thought that this would be an irresistible And the reforestation of the Sahara by the helped me to make contacts which led to opportunity for them because their econo­ American Army was one of its finest hours. the formation of the New Relations Work­ my was ailing. Today, the American services are widely ing Group, which the media called the Mc­ We also looked at our own defense policy respected and welcomed around the world Connell network. to find ways of improving our relationship. for their contributions to preserving the MN: How was it organized? We suggested many actions which might ecosystem and aiding in the construction of McC: I had some initial meetings with make our defense posture less threatening transportation and communications sys­ members of Congress and people in the ad­ to them without endangering our own secu­ tems. Their scientific work on the seas and ministration who were interested in further rity. There were a whole range of actions in space is providing us with greater under­ discussions on our relations with the Sovi­ which we called by the name of "minimum standing of our world and our place in it. ets, but being busy people, no one had time assured deterrence." The basic idea was that MN: How could a simple computer net­ for meetings so we formed a computer net­ we should have the minimum amount of work gain so much influence? work to exchange views. That was not so force available to protect ourselves. Holding McC: Numbers. We simply recruited and common then as it is today. excess force in reserve tends to look threat­ recruited. At its height in the early 1990s, MN: Did that mode work well for you? ening from the other side and draws a re­ we had almost 20,000 active members who McC: Yes. It was fascinating to watch the sponse which leads to escalation. We sought participated in discussions and the building ideas develop-it worked almost as a group actions that we could take unilaterally to of a database on conflict management. This mind. It turned out that by using the com­ deescalate the arms race. in itself was a powerful forum for new ideas. puter network ideas were detached from Eventually, as some of these proposals Equally important were the many groups ego. They were thrown into the database were adopted, they created an irresistible which used the network. Many politicians without anyone caring if they survived or opportunity for the Soviets to lower their mined our not. own spending on arms. database to find ideas and new directions. 26506 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 7, 1985 President Andrews' campaign statement 1985. A review of that list gives a better un­ the east with Politicians are in the business of winning and Crique de Oro, San Fernando. It is esti­ elections-maximizing their votes. When 64 incidents which have resulted in the mated that approximately 30 rockets hit they joined our network, they had an im­ deaths of 11 people, with 23 wounded. Honduran territory. No casualties were re­ portant resource that they could use to find The report follows: ported. the facts they needed or test ideas incident occurred in the area of . Duyure jurisdiction, Choluteca. It also spawned many businesses. The con­ Nicaraguan Government troops have car­ ried out 64 incursions into Honduran terri­ 13. February 13, 1985: EPS troops am· flict management industry did not exist 25 bushed a patrol of the 6th Infantry Battal­ years ago. Now of course, there are thou­ tory between January and September 1985. The results of these incursions have been 11 ion in the area of Las Limas, San Fernando. sands of firms offering conflict management No casualties were reported. services and many of them began with con­ persons killed-civilians and soldiers-23 wounded, and 7 homes destroyed. In 1984 14. February 19, 1985: EPS soldiers har­ versations on our network. Now there are assed the area of soldiers shelled Montecristo citizens entered Honduran territory naional relations. Even the socialist coun­ through the area of Las Dificultades Di­ tries have established similar institutions. San Fernando, and Buena Esperanza, Ju: tiapa, with BM-21 artillery. The number of pilto. They have remained in the co~ntry MN: Didn't the commercial nature of the under the status of refugees. network cause a split during the 1960s? rockets launched has not been established. 2. January 10, 1985: EPS troops entered 16. February 28, 1985: EPS soldiers en­ McC: Yes. Many of those who were tered Honduran territory through the area grounded in the old peace movement feel Honduran territory through the area of Homo Chinampa, Dipilto. of the village of . Rio Poteca. that there was something immoral about They took Anastasio Molina, a Honduran making money on conflict management. I 3. January 10, 1985: Information was re­ and many others argued that it was impor­ ceived that EPS soldiers were placing mines citizen, prisoner. He was later released after tant for people to be able to earn a living in from La Picona Hill to Mata de Platano Di- being interrogated regarding the location of this line of work. After all, people had been pilto. ' Honduran troops and of the Nicaraguan earning a living on war for thousands of 4. January 18, 1985: An unknown number Democratic Front CFDNJ. year. Why not on peace? of EPS soldiers entered Honduran national On the same day, 32 Nicaraguan citizens The dominant culture of America is busi­ territory through the area of Arenales El entered our country through the area of Las ness. It has been since the Civil War. We Paraiso Department. They were pursui~g a Dificultades, Dipilto, and El Canton. had to turn conflict management into a man and a 10-year-old child. The Sandinist 17. March 2, 1985: Twenty-three persons business or it would have remained forever patrol withdrew into Nicaraguan territory coming from Nicaragua entered Honduran on the sidelines. after killing the man and wounding the territory through the area of Arenales. Those who disagree formed the Satya­ child. They have remained in the country as refu­ graha network which deals mainly with 5. January 19, 1985: The commander of gees. philosophical and religious approaches to the lOlst Infantry Brigade stationed in Cho­ 18. March 7, 1985: EPS soldiers opened peace. They perform a valueable function luteca reported, that near the area of rifle fire for 30 minutes against the Palo and most competent conflict managers keep Isnaya, Somoto, only meters from the Hon­ Verde military post, Concepcion de Maria in touch with their ideas. duran border, an antipersonnel mine ex­ Cinco Pinos. The Honduran forces respond: MN: Where does the conflict management ploded, seriously injuring a Nicaraguan citi­ ed to the fire. No casualties were reported. movement go from here? zen. Following the explosion of the mine, an 19. March 12, 1985: EPS soldiers shelled Mee: There is a growing awareness that EPS patrol entered Honduran territory the area of Montecristo, San Fernando, we must move beyond conflict management. through the area of Isnaya and headed for Honduras. Somewhere between 35 and 38 The companies which specialize only in con­ Hacienda San Juan, where they captured rockets fell in Honduran territory. Two of flict management are facing a shrinking two Honduran citizens. They were interro­ these rockets fell on the home of Mariano market because their techniques are now so gated regarding the location of anti-Sandin­ Gonzalo Rodriguez. This attack resulted in widely known and applied. People are be­ ist and Honduran Army bases and later re­ the death of fernando Antonio Maldanado, coming better manager of their own con­ leased. a 17-year-old Nicaraguan citizen. Carlos flicts. 6. January 23, 1985: EPS soldiers opened Humberto Rodriguez Maldonado, a 20-year­ The most progressive companies are devel­ fire on the Guasaule customs post. Hondu­ old man, was wounded. oping approaches to emphasize the con­ ran soldiers responded to the fire. No casu­ 20. March 14, 1985: EPS soldiers fired structive uses of conflict. After all, once the alties were reported. their artillery on Honduran territory. Ap­ connection between conflict and violence is 7. January 24, 1985: It was reported that proximately 50 120-mm rockets fell on Las broken, it can be a very creative experience. EPS soldiers, estimated to be a platoon, en­ Minas Hill, Cacmuya, Concepcion de Maria. MN: Thank you, Dr. McConnell. tered Honduran territory through the area 21. March 15, 1985: Fifteen Nicaraguan McC: Thank you. of Los Lirios, Santa Maria. They withdrew citizens entered Honduran territory into Nicaraguan territory 4 hours later. through the area of Las Dificultades. They 8. January 26, 1985: Using 122-mm BM-21 have remained in the country as refugees. NICARAGUAN TROOP artillery, EPS soldiers harassed the areas of 22. April 2, 1985: Seventeen EPS soldiers, INCURSIONS Cacamuya and La Mina, Concepcion de led by an officer, entered Honduran terri­ Maria, Cinco Pinos. It has been estimated tory through the area of La Fraternidad, that approximately 70 rockets landed in the San Marcos de Colon jurisdiction. They HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO mentioned areas as well as surrounding were traveling in seven ZIL-131 Soviet-made OF CALIFORNIA areas. vehicles. They were all members of the 20- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 9. January 30, 1985: The commander of 00 Transportation and Security Battalion the 11th Infantry Battalion reported that stationed in Managua. Following the usual Monday, October 7, 1985 EPS soldiers used rifle fire to harass the interrogations, this group came into the Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, News­ Palo Verde Military Detachment, Concep­ country to take recruits from Somoto to the paper reports in recent months give regular cion de Maria, Cinco Pinos. The attack Dennis Gutierrez training center. better accounts of cross border incursions by the lasted approximately 25 minutes. The Hon­ known as Mulukuku, Matagalpa. duran forces responded to the fire, and as a 23. April 21, 1985: EPS soldiers opened ar­ Nicaraguan Sandinista Army into both result the EPS suffered one dead and one tillery fire with the use of BM-21's on the Costa Rica and Honduras. Not all those in­ wounded. areas of Venado Hill and Las Vegas. Ap­ cursions have been reported, however. Hon­ 10. January 10, 1985 Cas heard]: Approxi­ proximately 150 rockets landed in Hondu­ duras has compiled a list of 64 incidents mately 4,900 infantry and special forces sol­ ran territory. One FDN casualty was report­ occurring between January and September diers were deployed to an area bordering on ed. October 7, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26507 24. April 19, 1985: EPS soldiers entered 41. June 27, 1985: The EPS opened artil­ Ceiba, Jutiapa, entered Honduran territory our territory through the areas of Carrizal lery fire over the La Esperanza and La through Jesus Hill up to La Gloria farm. No Pireto, Morolica. A Honduran Patrol sta­ Colina sectors. The fire probably came from damages were reported in the area. tioned in the area opened fire on the San­ the La Suapa Hill near the Poteca River. No 59. September 6, 1985: A patrol of the dinist patrol. One casualty was inflicted. damages were reported. 11th Infantry Battalion was attacked by The enemy withdrew from Nicaraguan Ter­ 42. June 20, 1985: The EPS reinforced surprise by the EPS with small arms fire ritory. military posts in Jalapa, Santa Maria, and near Las Pinas, in the Concepcion de 25. April 24, 1985: EPS soldiers, in coordi­ Dipilto Viejo. Marias, Cinco Pinos area, while on a routine nation with subversives from the Cinchon­ 43. June 22, 1985: One Honduran citizen patrol. No casualties were reported. eros Front, mined the road between Trojes and two others were wounded as they 60. September 7, 1985: EPS soldiers har­ and Las Vegas, especially the area between crossed a minefield in Nicaraguan territory assed the La Lodosa area at Montecristo La Cuesta de Zepeda and Capire Hill. The near El Guasaule, Puerto Morazan. Hill in San Fernando. Approximately 22 gre­ Honduran troops proceeded immediately to 44. July 1, 1985: Two Honduran citizens nades hit Honduran territory, and, as a sweep the area. who were transiting the Las Limas sector, result, a house was destroyed. 26. April 20, 1985: One-hundred-and-thirty Dipilto, were seriously wounded when they 61. September 9, 1985: EPS soldiers har­ Nicaraguan citizens entered Honduran terri­ triggered a mine in that area. assed the Caguasca area in San Juan de tory through the area of Las Dificultades, 45. July 4, 1985: The EPS harassed areas Limay. This action was possibly carried out Arenales, El Suyatal, Las Canas, and El Pe­ near Alauca, such as the San Antonio River, by troops at El Hato border post, approxi­ dregalito. La Manzanilla, and Quebrada Honda in El mately 5 km from the border, and as a 27. May 24, 1985: EPS soldiers attacked Paraiso, with EM-21 rockers. No casualties result one man was wounded. the Guapinol and Arenales sector in El Par­ were reported. 62. September 10, 1985: An EPS patrol en­ aiso Department near the Poteca River with 46. July 5, 1985: The EPS harassed Hondu­ tered Honduran territory through San artillery fire, which resulted in one dead, ran territory through the Tapalchi sector, Andres de Amayas supported by Nicaraguan four wounded, and four houses destroyed. in the Carta River area, with mortar gre­ Air Force planes that bombed the area. 28. May 5, 1985: EPS soldiers harassed El nades. No casualties were reported. 63. September 12, 1985: Using BM-21 Tablazo sector, El Paraiso Department with 47. July 10, 1985: Troops of an EPS de­ rocket launchers, EPS members harassed BM-21 artillery fire. On that same date, the tachment who were probably members of the Boca de Arenales sector near the Poteca EPS harassed the Tapalchi sector, in the the 6lst Brigade headquartered in El Ro­ River. No damages were reported. same department, with BM-21's. sario del Salto entered Honduran territory 64. September 13, 1985: EPS soldiers har­ 29. May 5, 1985: The EPS attacked the through Maquengales, in the Poteca River assed the El Espanolito sector with 120-mm Espanol Grande sector with heavy artillery area. mortar fire. One soldier was killed and eight fire. The attack continued until 1700. The 48. July 10, 1985: Forty-three Nicaraguans were wounded as a result of the attack. bombing continued in the Arenales sector entered Honduran territory through the They were members of the 6th Infantry until 1730. No casualties were reported. Juji sector Llanos de Iltara. Battalion. 30. May 6, 1985: The EPS bombed the El 49. July 6, 1985: EPS troops entered Hon­ 65. September 13, 1985: EPS soldiers har­ Tablazo sector with heavy artillery. The duran territory through the Tapalchi and assed La Lodosa with heavy artillery fire. attack lasted 45 minutes. Puerto Viejo sectors in the Poteca River No damages were reported. 31. May 12, 1985: EPS soldiers entered area. This was a complete report on the 64 in­ Honduran territory through the Supa 50. July 10, 1985: EPS soldiers harassed cursions into Honduran territory by Nicara­ sector, which resulted in a clash with troops Honduran territory near Calentura, El guan troops from January to September of of the Nicaraguan Democratic Force, FDN. Homo, El Canton, and El Jibral hills in Ju­ this year, which have resulted in 11 people No casualties were reported. tiapa with BM-21 fire. It has been estimated killed, including civilians and military, 23 32. May 12, 1985: One hundred Nicara­ that approximately 130 rockets fell in the wounded, and 7 houses destroyed. guans entered Honduran territory through area. One house was destroyed as a result of the Banco Grande Sector, El Paraiso De­ the attack. [From Managua La Prensa, Sept. 19, 19851 partment. 51. July 17, 1985: An EPS squad entered 33. May 14, 1985: An unidentified twin­ Honduran territory through the Tapalchi NICARAGUA engine plane overflew the Las Vegas area sector and clashed with FDN troops. The ORTEGA TO ADDRESS U.N. GENERAL ASSEMBLY and then returned to Nicaragua. Commander of the EPS group was killed in The Presidential Palace's Information and 34. May 14, 1985: The EPS carried out ac­ the incident. Press Secretariat has reported that Com­ tivities to evacuate the civilian population 52. July 23, 1985: EPS soldiers harassed mander Daniel Ortega will travel to the in the following places: San Jeronimo, Aren­ San Marcos, La Ceiba, with 82-mm mortar United States in the next few days to deliv­ ales, El Mapa, La Reforma, Ceiba, Palo fire. Approximately 10 grenades hit Hondu­ er a speech to the UN's 40th General As­ Prieto, Doradito, El Rosario, Las Brisas, ran soil. One house was damaged as a result sembly. The press communique released Quebrada Negra, El Paraisito Poteca River, of the attack. yesterday does not indicate the exact date and Las Chechaguas Hill, in the Cuscaguas 53. July 18, 1985: EPS troops carried out a Ortega will go to New York, only that he area. They installed a 152-mm cannon in the surprise attack on a Honduran patrol sta­ will travel soon. Pantasma area, and 8 122-mm howitzers and tioned in El Pedregalito while conducting a According to the press bulletin, Ortega a PT-76 company in Apanas. routine patrol operation in La Jagua sector, will discuss the search for peace, the de­ 35. During the first days of June an EPS Dipilto. The Honduran forces returned the fense of international law, and the world military unit carried out a reconnaissance fire. No casualties were reported. economy's critical situation during his operation in Honduran territory, 1 km 54. July 18, 1985: EPS soldiers harassed speech to the United Nations. north of El Ocotal. During that same period Honduran territory in the sector of El Po­ three surveillance posts were installed near trero Grande with small arms fire. No casu­ CFrom Managua Radio Sandino, Sept, 17, Santa Maria. alties were reported. 1985) 36. June 14, 1985: EPS soldiers entered 55. July 19, 1985: EPS soldiers harassed Honduran territory through the Talpache the Corrales area in Jutiapa with Soviet­ ORTEGA MESSAGE NOTES MEXICAN sector, approximately 500 meters from the made BM-21 rocket launchers. As a result of ANNIVERSARY border, and returned to Nicaragua 3 hours this attack, a resident of Las Flores village C"Text" of message sent by Nicaraguan later. was killed, and his 19-year-old son was seri­ President Daniel Ortega to Mexican Presi­ 37. June 17, 1985: Three Nicaraguans died ously wounded. dent Miguel de la Madrid on the anniversa­ in Puerto Morazan when they triggered 56. August 14, 1985: An EPS patrol en­ ry of Mexico's independence day; date not mines in that sector while heading for Hon­ tered Honduran territory through La given.] duras. Laguna area, clashing with a patrol of the DEAR PRESIDENT AND FRIEND: On behalf of 38. June 17, 1985: Six antipersonnel PTMI llOth Infantry Brigade near Jesus Hill in the people and Government of Nicaragua, mines and a Czechoslavak made SR mine Jalapa. The Honduran patrol sustained two we join the people and Governments of the were deactivated in El Aguacatal, Dipilto. casualties as a result of the clash. United Mexican States in rejoicing on the 39. June 19, 1985: EPS soldiers entered 57. August 15, 1985: An EPS patrol made commemoration of the anniversary of the Honduran territory through the Las Dificul­ up of approximately 20 soldiers from the day of proclamation of the republic in 1810. tades sector in Dipilto, capturing one Nica­ Limon Valley, Jalapa military post, entered On this significant date I wish to stress es­ raguan and one Honduran citizen. Honduran territory through La Lime, Ju­ pecially the invaluable contribution to Cen­ 40. June 19, 1985: Four antipersonnel cuapa. tral American peace and stability of the mines were deactivated in the Las Dificul­ 58. August 24, 1985: A company of EPS Mexican nation, whose efforts as a member tades sector, Dipilto. soldiers stationed at the border post in La of the Contradora Group are an example of 26508 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 7, 1985 the loftiest principles of cooperation, soli­ less children, children in need of rehabilita­ The Crisis Continues." The organization is darity, and respect. The Nicaraguan people tion services, and others whose circum­ supported entirely through voluntary con­ and government appreciate the valuable sol­ tributions and grants. idarity of the people and Government of stances require special attention and whose Mexico and note this new anniversary of f am iiies have few resources. the day of proclamation of the republic of In a recent statement praising the pas­ U.S. DESIGN COUNCIL BILL the United Mexican States. We wish for it a sage of the Social Security Act, the "Citi­ INTRODUCED TODAY brilliant future of peace and prosperity. zens Committee for Children of New Fraternally, Youth" emphasized those important ele­ DANIEL ORTEGA SAAVEDRA. ments of the act which directly benefit chil­ HON. MERVYN M. DYMALLY [From Managua Domestic Service, Sept. 21 , dren. OF CALIFORNIA 1985] I ask unanimous consent that their state­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment be printed in the RECORD. PRESIDENT SENDS MEXICANS SOLIDARITY Monday, October 7, 1985 MESSAGE CHILDREN ADVOCACY ORGANIZATION HERALDS [Message from Nicaraguan President 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF PASSAGE OF SOCIAL Mr. DYMALL Y. Mr. Speaker, today Con­ Daniel Ortega to the Mexican people-re­ SECURITY LEGISLATION gressman GEORGE BROWN and I are re­ corded and broadcast during a linkup with The 50th anniversary of the enactment of introducing legislation to create a U.S. Radio Metropoli in Guadalajara, Mexico.] the Social Security Act, Wednesday, August Design Council. In these days of a rising, Good afternoon. We wish to avail our­ 14 is hailed by Nancy Hoving, President of but understandable, protectionist senti­ selves of this direct communication with the Citizens' Committee for Children of New ment, this legislation suggests a construc­ Mexican people through our radio system in York as a law that has proved "fundamental tive approach to the problem of unfavor­ order to convey the solidarity of the Nicara­ to the protection of the lives of untold num­ guan people and Government with the bers of the nation's children." able trade balances: Encouraging the de­ Mexican people and Government. We wish She noted that the public generally sees signing of products and systems by Ameri­ to tell the Mexican people and President De Social Security as a system designed to pro­ can industry of such high quality and at­ la Madrid that we are in solidarity with you vide an income "Safety Net" for citizens tractiveness that they will achieve a sub­ in those difficult and tragic moments. who have reached the ages of 62 or better. stantial market share in spite of price. Here in Nicaragua we regret this tragedy. "But it is far more than that," says Mrs. Washington had an opportunity a few which is a Latin American tragedy. The Hoving. "It is an umbrella for a host of serv­ weeks ago to see what good design can do earthquake which shook Mexico shook ices that cover those eligible from birth to to improve the quality of life and improve Nicaragua and all of Latin America. We their final days. wish to send our condolences to the rela­ "For example, Title IV of this remarkable the quantity of business. This occurred tives of all those who have died in this legislation created the program of Aid to when the Industrial Design Society of earthquake and tell you that the Nicara­ Dependent Children, which is the nation's America played host to a meeting of the guan people are with the Mexican people. largest social support program for families. International Council of Societies of Indus­ We send you all our love, solidarity, and fra­ Title V set up grants for Maternal and Child trial Design. ternal sorrow. Thank you. Health Services; for Services for Crippled And on September 19, 1985, a dramatic [From Managua Radio Sandino, Sept. 17. Children; for Child Welfare Services; for celebration and exhibition of American 1985] protection and care of the homeless; de­ pendent and neglected children: children in design and designers entitled, "High Styles: SOVIET TECHNICIANS STUDYING WATER danger of becoming delinquent, and further 20th Century American Design," opened at PROBLEMS it provides for vocational rehabilitation." the Whitney Museum of American Art in A group of Soviet experts is currently in Altogether, she added, a bold, broad law New York City. Managua to look into the capital's drinking to safeguard children and others against While many important countries have water problem. The Soviet experts have overwhelming misfortunes. created design councils and design display been meeting daily with the various INAA Its passage, she said, was an instance in centers to encourage good design, the [Nicaraguan Water and Sewage Institute] which problems national in character were officials handling this problem and have vis­ United States has not. The time has arrived dealt with by courageous and generous na­ when the Congress should consider the ited the Carlos Fonseca field of wells, which tional action. is an important source of water for Mana­ "It was adopted with popular support and proposition that the United States should gua. with continuing popular support remains give additional assistance to its citizens in At the conclusion of their 1-month survey, deeply entrenched in the laws of the land. It the matter of design. Legislation of this the Soviet technicians will submit a report secures the young person, the older person, nature is being supported by the Industrial on the situation. and the possibility of pro­ the family against mischance." Design Society of America. We are grateful viding Soviet financing for the work to be By now she said, the Social Security Law done by INAA will then be considered. for the help of Eddy S. Feldman, executive governs a great and complicated system, director of Design America Foundation, in many times amended and complex with reg­ our drafting of this legislation. Mr. Speak­ CCCNY SALUTES SOCIAL ulations. But the basic architecture of the law is still in place and, though aspects of er, I ask that following my remarks the SECURITY'S 50TH ANNIVERSARY the Law, as they now stand and are adminis­ text of a speech by Mr. Wolf Von Eckardt tered, have been criticized for their conse­ and the text of an article from the publica­ HON. GEORGE MILLER quences for family life, the intent of the tion Daily Commerce be inserted in the OF CALIFORNIA Social Security Law is still clear: to improve RECORD. Each of these pieces will be valua­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the conditions of life for the vulnerable and ble to Members in understanding the ra­ less fortunate Americans. The Law remains Monday, October 7, 1985 tionale behind our introduction of the the major governmental bulwark against design bill. We ask for the strong support family misfortune. Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Speaker, of our colleagues for a measure that will Americans of all political views recently Citizens' Committee for Children, founded ten years after passage of the Social Securi­ strengthen sales of U.S. products abroad. paused to celebrate the 50th anniversary of ty Act, is a chartiable organization devoted [From the Daily Commerce, Sept. 11, 19851 the enactment of the Social Security Act. to the protection of children's rights and in­ This landmark legislation has improved INDUSTRY SHOULD BE WARY OF GLOBAL terests. Its members and friends monitor PRODUCT HOMOGENIZATION and enriched the lives of all of us. public policies and programs for children. It While Social Security is the principal is a watchdog in the fields of education, income support system for millions of income support programs. child welfare, Bill Maeyer is in no doubt whatever that senior citizens, that is far from its sole im­ health, mental health, day care, and juve­ Asians will continue to eat rice rather than nile justice. Its more recent reports to the potatoes, and Italians spaghetti. He also sus­ portant function. public on its study findings include "The pects that Germans will persist in their In fact, during a period of increased in­ Experiment that Failed: The New York penchant for apple strudel, rather than stability and crisis for children and fami­ State Juvenile Offender Law," "New York English fruitcake. lies, we are reminded that the Social Secu­ City's Municipal Hospitals: Do They Know Howard Kehrl agrees. He forecasts that. rity Act contains provisions to support low­ What Happens to Teenage Mothers and though American cars will become increas­ income children and their families, home- their Babies?" "7,000 Homeless Children: ingly influenced by West German and Ital- October 7, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26509 ian design, they will continue to have a expected to have a fine nose for all that is DESIGN FOR EXPORT character all their own. going on in society. Today's designer stands From their different vantage points near on the crossroads of marketing and produc­ the top of two of the world's largest compa­ tion and must play an ever more important The United States trade deficit is now nies, Philips and General Motors, Maeyer role in the total business concept of global about $130 billion a year. and Kehrl are at one in insisting that, In 1984 ... one out of four cars.... one marketing." Howard Kehrl concurred: the out of five personal computers, ... two out though global competition is growing, its designer "is a specialist in consumer taste, impact is not as straightforward as it seems. of three pair of shoes, and . . . virtually and a guide to the shape of future product every video cassette ... sold in the United Globalization is inexorably under way, but­ competition." contrary to conventional wisdom-this does States were manufactured abroad. This theme, of industrial design playing I have this information from a study enti­ not mean that most purchases by consumers much more than its traditional role of skin­ around the world will soon be of identical tled, "The Competitive Edge" directed by homogenized products. deep styling, ran consistently throughout Colin W. Clipson of the University of Michi­ "Major producers of modern products the five-day congress. It was exemplified by gan, supported by the National Endowment must regard the world as their market and a wide range of innovate products on display for the Arts and assisted by Herman Miller. their battleground," says Maeyer who is from the United States, Europe and Japan, In addition to losing business at home, head of Philips' small domestic appliances as well as from the growing number of American industry keeps losing sales over­ division. Kehrl, the vice-chairman of GM design-conscious companies in South Korea seas, despite the fact that some companies agrees that, in order to remain competitive, and Taiwan. are reducing their prices by 25 to 30 per­ multinationals must become insiders in the It was propounded not only by self-inter­ cent. "Triad" countries of Europe, the United ested designers themselves but also by sev­ This would be indicate that the reason for States and Japan. eral top managers as well as the star of the our trade deficit is not exclusively due to But this does not necessarily mean, they congress, the British government's minister the strength of the dollar that makes it so both insist, that companies should sell the with responsibility for design, John Butch­ nice for American tourists to shop at Har­ same products throughout the Triad. They er. rod's in London and not so nice for the should emphasize commonalities to the Butcher's message to the congress, reiter­ American workers who are losing jobs. greatest possible extent, but Kehrl argues ated at his several appearances in a special­ There are many complex reasons for the that this is much more likely to occur in the ly-made "designer" jacket and trousers was trade deficit and different economists have case of parts and components than in fin­ that "design is a way of changing the for­ different explanations. ished products. He forecasts that there will tunes of companies and economies. It is a One thing is sure: World trade is no longer still be room for market-specific design in key agent in wealth creation and in improv­ only a matter of trading things a country the motor industry, not just because of reg­ ing the quality of life." can grow and produce for something it ulatory and environmental differences, but Similar sentiments were expressed by cannot itself grow and produce. It has also also in response to varying consumer prefer­ Margaret Thatcher herself, in a videotaped become a competition of skills-and design. ences. message on the opening day of the congress Obviously, foreign consumers find our Speaking late last month in Washington goods not only expensive, but all too often at World-Design '85, a congress of 2,000 of when Butcher accepted an award by the congress organizers in recognition of the also too dull and unappealing. the world's leading industrial designers, "Made in U.S.A." is too often synonymous both Maeyer and Kehrl took issue with the Thatcher government's three-year cam­ paign for better design in commerce. with "Made in Hicktown." common view that product design in the In far too many instances, American man­ Triad is rapidly becoming standardized. It might seem curious that a star-studded agement has become conservative and un­ This simplistic reading of the global tea gathering of the world's top Italian, Japa­ imaginative. It has lost the spirit of enter­ leaves by some multinationals and advertis­ nese, German, Scandinavian and American prise that we hear so much about in Ronald ing agencies has been popularized in the designers should pay such homage to the Reagan's Washington and that, indeed, in past two years on the basis of an over-literal government of a nation whose products are the past made America so exciting to the interpretation of the writings of professor not always noted for their good design. But rest of the world-the spirit of the Yankee Theodore Levitt, a highly influential profes­ designers are hungry for public recognition, clippers, Buffalo Bill, skyscrapers, Hum­ sor of marketing at the Harvard Business and Thatcher has given them more of that phrey Bogart's Hollywood and blue School. than any other government since Prince Al­ jeans ... a spirit that still packs them into Though Kehrl accepted that many future bert's campaign 125 years ago to encourage Herman Miller showrooms abroad. products would be much less country-specif­ "art and industry" to get together. His cru­ One indication of a strangely lackadaisical ic than in the past, he was insistent that sade resulted in the foundation, among and isolationist attitude prevailing in Amer­ "we're not talking about cookie-cutter same­ other institutions, of the Royal College of ica these days is our indifference about ness." Nor did it mean any less variety of Art, Britain's premier design college. catching up with the standard method by models. The motor industry was already which the rest of the world is weighted and making a consistent effort to provide a But there was also a directly political range of designs, and new technologies such motive for the lionization of John Butcher measured. The Metric Conversion Act was as flexible manufacturing would permit at World-design '85. With the notable excep­ signed in December 1975. The aim was that more variations on common themes, "offer­ tion of the United States, most industrial­ within ten years the U.S. would be predomi­ ing both economies of scale and specialized ized countries have established some form nantly, although not exclusively, in the designs for specific market-segments." of government-sponsored organization to metric system. A further qualification to the myth of encourage better design in industry. Brit­ So far, we have advanced perhaps one mil­ blanket global homogenization was provided ain's Design Council is the largest, but limeter towards that goal. But then, we still by Bill Maeyer. With the development of Japan and the Scandinavian countries have have eleven months to go. sizeable markets for old people, working particularly active promotional bodies, and Meanwhile, I must probably explain to women, one- and two-person households, France and Germany have both stepped up you that one millimeter means 0.0394 and so on, the growing similarity of prod­ their support in the last few years. During inches. ucts in different countries was being accom­ Instead of advancing, putting its money the Washington congress, the Industrial De­ on R&D to research for the future, many, if panied by greater opportunities for "demo­ signers Association of America declared its graphic segmentation." More and more new not most, American managers are research­ support for legislation to establish a U.S. ing the past. Like the French at the begin­ products would be tailored to specific new Design Council with the Department of layers of customers around the world, he ning of World War II, they are relying on a Commerce. This was not the first time that Maginot Line for their defense. In World forecast. such an appeal has been made, but so far All these changes meant that product War I, these fortifications would have been the federal government's response has been a great help. In World War II. 25 years management must be on the alert more confined to verbal declarations that "good than ever before, Maeyer warned, It must later, Hitler's generals simply bypassed not only monitor its own market, but also design is critical to success in the market them. carefully study related areas, and seek out place." In true American style, the market­ Market research, that is, asking people new opportunities for market segmentation. place itself is being left to determine the what they would like, reflects a Maginot Declaring himself to be one of the grow­ level of demand for designers' services. Line mentality. ing body of general managers who recognize U.S. designers can only cast their eyes en­ My daughter keeps practicing market re­ the vital part industrial design can play in viously towards Britain, where Thatcher be­ search on my two-and-a-half year old grand­ improving corporate competitiveness, lieves that the marketplace needs a strong son. She keeps asking him what he would Maeyer said that designers at Philips "are shove in the right direction. like for breakfast. Well, the poor child 26510 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 7, 1985 doesn't know. His brain is still too small to The Arts and Crafts chaps sought to Tommy Wolfe rot makes it appear as make such important decisions. revive medieval crafts and raise the aesthet­ though the Bauhaus was a conspiracy to So he cries and in desperation orders eggs. ic appearance of every British home with lock us all up in glass boxes. She runs to the kitchen and cooks them. artistically designed furnishings and uten­ Actually, architecture, though much When he sees the eggs, he throws a tan- sils. talked about, was hardly taught at the Bau­ trum. A by-product of this aesthetic enthusiasm haus. What is commonly called "Bauhaus As one corporation consultant put it, was the special design attention the British architecture" is the individual work of Bau­ "You don't get much useful information gave their machine products, attention that haus masters such as Gropius and Mies. from consumers when you ask them about made them more competitive. The rest-the painting of Paul Klee and products they haven't seen. As a result of Muthesius' findings, the ger­ Vasily Kadinsky, the designs my Marcel You probably know that market research­ mans organized their Werkbund . the Bauhaus was its philosophy, its social wars. Japan, her government decreed, would Later he became foreign minister in the henceforth compete on the world market Weimar Republic. In 1922, he was assassi­ aspirations. Stated simply, the Bauhaus, with new products of outstanding and inno­ nated by right-wing terrorists. and the new movement in architecture and vative design and high quality. Rathenau was a practical idealist who, as design which it helped set in motion, recog­ From one day to the next, Japan made an one biographer put it, held the "passionate nized that industrialization radically enormous effort, ordered and led by the conviction that spiritual content and form changed peoples' relationship to their habi­ government ... could be given to the inert and chaotic body tat. ... to train designers . civilized society. tates. ... to place designers high up in the man­ Rathenau's fame rests mainly on his The habitat of the people was built by the agement structure of export industries. superb statesmanship as foreign minister. people and their artisans themselves, much . . . and to review products from the Few people know that he is also the first like birds build their nests or ants build design point of view before they are licensed powerful industrialist who believed in con­ their ant hills. I maintain that, like birds for export. sistent corporate design. He knew that an and ants and beavers, humans had an Those of you who drove here in a Toyota inspired corporate image-from the logo to innate building instinct, until architects while listening to your Sony know that this the last factory building and showroom­ drove it out of us. policy works. provides more than an image. Like a flag, The pre-industrial human environment To a lesser extent than Japan, Great Brit­ the image sparks emotions that nobody can was thus inevitably vernacular and "contex­ ain, Canada, Australia, Sweden, Denmark, accurately define but that everybody ap­ tual," as we would say today. It was inevita­ Finland, West Germany, Israel-as I said, 48 plauds. bly in harmony with nature, including countries-also used the need to increase ex­ Rathenau's chief designer, and the first human nature and our unchanged and un­ ports as a means to improve industrial president of the Werkbund, was the archi­ changing human needs. And it was inevita­ design and thereby their entire culture. tect Peter Behrens, a pioneer of modern bly beautiful, as everyone knows who has The Germans started this at the turn of design. One of the young men in his office visited a Pueblo or Mediterranean hilltown the century. was Mies van der Rohe. Another was Walter or read Bernard Rudowsky's "Architecture In 1871, Bismarck united Germany by per­ Gropius. A third was Charles Edouard Jean­ Without Architects." suading the quarreling German states and neret, better known as Le Corbusier. The Bauhaus recognized the havoc unfet­ principalities to get together and gang up Behrens, originally a painter, did more tered industrialization brings to the envi­ on that evil empire, France. than design logos, letterheads, posters, tur­ ronment. It recognized that since people Once Bismarck had arrived at the Hall of bines and light bulb packaging for A.E.G. could no longer design their own habitat the Mirrors at Versailles and proclaimed the He re-organized, as his biographers put it, architect would have to step in and help. It united German Reich, the coal and steel in­ " 'everything visible' ... as a means of allevi­ assumed social responsibility for "the total dustries on the Ruhr were going great guns, ating the devastation that industrialization man-made environment." It taught that we as it were. The Reich was industrializing had wrought on such basic areas as labor, have to design not for design's sake, or prof­ full steam ahead. production, housing and human relations." it's sake, but for peoples' sake. And yet, those darned British kept beat­ The Werkbund was enormously effective Architecture, as the Bauhaus saw it, is not ing Germany in the world market. both with industry and the general public. an art, but a social art. So the German government sent a bright Its many important exhibitions gave design­ This is not to say that the Bauhaus and young architect named Hermann Muthesius ers and architects the opportunity to try International Style approach to design as commercial attache to London to find out out new ideas. always turned out to be socially beneficial, why. And it launched the Bauhaus. let alone popular. We all remember Pruitt­ Muthesius soon reported back: The Bauhaus was an art and craft school, Igoe, the social housing project in St. Louis The success of British merchandise founded in 1919 by Gropius in Weimar. It that turned out to be so inhuman no one abroad was due to superior design. The su­ moved to Dessau in 1923 and was closed by wanted to live in it. On April 21, 1972, the perior design, in turn, was largely due to its last direct, Mies van der Rohe, when the authorities blew it up. Great Britain's wide-spread and enthusiastic Nazis came to power in 1933. But this is to say, particularly to designers Arts and Crafts movement, led by William A lot of tommyrot is being passed lately like Michael Graves or Peter Eisenmann, Morris and John Ruskin. from the Bauhaus to our house. This that the basic premise of the modern move- October 7, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26511 ment is correct. Architecture is not an art pany continued to be successful maybe he'll With these thoughts in mind, I recom­ but a social art. hire a consultant to review his product de­ mend the following sections from Law­ Anti-modernism has no serious place in our Have you ever wondered why computer rence B. Sulc's study on Soviet active meas­ world, because our world is modern. Can lettering is so horrid and illegible? It never ures. you imagine a postmodern computer, or occurred to the young computer geniuses to A UNIFIED FOREIGN POLICY automobile? The job of the designer is to consult a professional typographer, that's Shapiro sums up by saying, "that Soviet make this modem world livable and human. why. foreign policy, so far from being torn by The challenge is to design . . . housing The only advantage in talking to our­ party-state rivalry, is a unified, co-ordinated that is affordable and suits our changing selved-as we are doing here-is that we can whole in which, after Brezhnev, the leading life styles, ... places to work that are effi­ be sure of sympathetic audience. cient and healthy, ... communities that Pious exhortations printed in glossy bro­ role belongs to the International Depart­ help to keep families together and give us a chures that don't fit your bookshelf, like ment of the Central Committee of the sense of identity and belonging, ... cities in congenial Aspen conferences and bulky CPSU, which attempts to bring into line which the automobile adjusts to people and NEA studies, however worthy, will not im­ both state foreign policy and the part which not the other way around, cities that are prove the balance of payment. foreign communist parties are expected to good places in which to bring up children, That requires vigorous concerted action, play in the policy as a whole." cities that advance civilization as cities used action that has an effect on both private in­ SUBTLETY IN THE ART OF WAR to. dustry and government. It was Sun T'zw, the ancient Chinese And, yes, the challenge is that while ac­ Industry, large and small, must be per­ strategist who said, "To fight commodating and humanizing technology, suaded that design is not a frill, not a mer­ and conquer in all your battles is not su­ we must also preserve historic continuity. chandising gimmick, not "styling," but most preme excellence; supreme excellence con­ This, as I, along with many other critics likely a matter of economic survival. sists in breaking the enemy's resistance have said for many, many years, is clearly The U.S. Congress and Executive Depart­ without fighting." Be subtle!", Sun T'zu where the orthodox modem movement has ments must be persuaded to endow such an failed us. industry effort with the full majesty and said, "Be subtle! and use your spies in every But nothing is gained, as Peitro Belluschi power of federal policy and sanction. Note kind of business." The Soviets are known to has said, by replacing the hated glass box that I did not say federal "money." be students of Sun T'zu; it is almost as if the with a giant jukebox. We don't gratify peo­ Someone-why not Herman Miller?­ Chinese genius, for his part, was talking ples' legitimate nostalgia for the good old should call the true believers among the about the Soviet active measures twenty­ times by printing wallpaper flowers on ugly corporated leaders together, organize a five hundred years before their time. plastic furniture. We don't evoke a meaning­ small action committee that goes to work on James Clavell describes the views of his ful past, let alone recall poor Palladio, by re­ the problem of improving design for export. subject, Sun T'zu, as follows: peating ad nausaum the silly cliches of out­ strength and intellectual faculty of man sewer pipe columns. These stale jokes are I don't expect a pervasive government were decisive in war, and that if these were just as abstract and alienating as the glas­ effort like Japan's to come out of it. But I properly applied war could be waged with siest glass boxes ever were. would hope that the United States estab­ certain success. Never to be undertaken We must always be open to new ideas, im­ lishes a National Design Council on the thoughtlessly or recklessly, war was to be pulses, movements, change. But we must British pattern with some Werkbund-like preceded by measures designed to make it also recognize that there is such a thing as stimulation and education to go with it. easy to win. The master conqueror frustrat­ good taste. Designers and editors who pub­ Under the direction of the U.S. Industrial ed his enemy's plans and broke up his alli­ lish the work of designers must be able to Design Council, we also need a National In­ ances. He created cleavages between sover­ discern and tell kitsch from serious efforts, dustrial Design Center, a place where we eign and minister, superiors and inferiors, fads and fashions from vital experimenta­ can call national attention to good design commanders and subordinated. His spies tion. and from where we can educate both indus­ and agents were active everywhere, gather­ Good design, the kind we so desperately try and the general public. ing information, sowing dissension, and nur­ need to improve our balance of payments, The Pension Building in Washington, one turing subversion. The enemy was isolated has nothing to do with jukebox fashions of the great buildings in the national cap­ and demoralized; his will to resist broken. and kitsch, no matter how much attention ital, that is now to become a National Build­ Thus without battle his army was con­ they get in the press and the architecture ing Museum has enough space-and the quered, his cities taken and his state over­ schools. right location. Combining the building thrown. Only when the enemy could not be Good design is still problem solving-and museum and design center would undoubt­ overcome by these means was there re­ the problems are primarily human prob­ edly help both. course to armed force ... . " lems, social problems. Form still follows We need it. According to Clavell, Sun T'zu himself put function-including the function of avoiding it this way: future shock, of maintaining historic conti­ "The skillful leader subdues the enemy's nuity and harmonizing the old the the new. SOVIET ACTIVE MEASURES, troops without any fighting; he captures Good design is user friendly. PART II their cities without laying siege to them; he Let it be ever more so. overthrows their kingdom without lengthy But let's not worry whether modern operations in the field. With his forces design is on the right track-it's the only HON. HENRY J. HYDE intact he disputes the mastery of the design we have. Let's worry how we can im­ OF ILLINOIS empire, and thus, without losing a man, his prove it. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES triumph is complete." It can't be done by attending church every Monday, October 7, 1985 Sunday and the Aspen Design Conference PARTIES, INSURGENTS AND FRONTS every summer. Mr. HYDE. Mr. Speaker, as I noted in In their study of that distinctly Soviet Mind you, I love the Aspen Design Confer­ Thursday's RECORD, I wanted to share with phenomenon-the International Depart­ ence. I attended my first one some 20 years my colleagues additional excerpt from a ment-Shultz and Godson say that. in addi­ ago and was happy to learn that America publication called "Active Measures, Quiet tion to its other functions, the ID is respon­ how has some wonderful corporations, like War and Two Socialist Revolutions" pub­ sible for "planning, coordinating, and con­ IBM, Container Corporation, Westinghouse ducting active measures." "The latter func­ and CBS, that understand the value of com­ lished by the Hale Foundation. In tomor­ tion," they point out, "'includes administer­ prehensive corporate design every bit as row's RECORD, I will include the final part ing, funding, and coordinating the activities well as Olivetti does. of the study. of well over a dozen international front or­ I attended my last Aspen Conference two Clever techniques known as "active ganizations." The ID also carries out active years ago and learned that America now has measures" are aggressively used by the So­ measures through its liaison with non­ some wonderful corporations, like IBM, viets and their allies against the West. We ruling Communist parties and revolutionary Container Corporation, Westinghouse and all know how sophisticated the Soviets movements and the non-governmental orga­ CBS, that understand the value of compre­ have become in the propaganda business. nizations they, in turn, control. Through hensive corporate design every bit as well as international meetings, representatives sta­ Olivetti does. Some of these active measures include tioned abroad, and the monthly journal, The new technologies? front groups, insurgents, agents of influ­ Problems of Peace and Socialism. according The president of a hugely successful com­ ence, and building links between Commu­ to Shultz and Godson, the ID communicates puter manufacturer allowed that if his com- nist and non-Communist groups. official instructions and guidelines to for- 26512 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 7, 1985 eign Communist parties, insurgent move­ opposed to revolutionary wars. "CT>he victo­ armed forces is considered "inappropriate, ments, and front organizations. ry of socialism in one country does not at ineffective, too risky or too difficult. SOVIET FRONT GROUPS ABROAD one stroke eliminate all wars in general. On Cline and Alexander have this warning: The Soviet Union in conducting active the contrary, it presupposes wars." "Unless Americans become more conscious measures abroad employs numerous mecha­ SOFTENING UP THE BOURGEOISIE of the broad strategic dangers implicit in nisms, one of the principal mechanisms In 1922 Lenin was crystal clear when he the patterns of contemporary terrorism and being the international front group. The wrote to Yuri Chicherin, his foreign com­ become more skillful in deterring or coun­ largest of these, as well as the most active, is missar: "You and I have both fought tering terrorist operations, the next two the World Peace Council CWPC>. Foreign against pacifism as a programme for the decades in this century will be catastrophic communist parties, which are of course also revolutionary proletarian party. That much for worldwide security interests of the directed by the ID, usually provide the is clear. but who has ever denied the use of United States and its friends and allies cadres for the national sections of the inter­ pacifists by that party to soften up the abroad. This subtle assault on the values national fronts. For example, the United enemy, the bourgeoisie?" ... "we consider it and defensive strengths of our society is not States Peace Council CUSPC>. the American our duty as businessmen to support the pacifists in the tions for liberal democracies are only begin­ the Communist Party, USA CCPUSA>. The other, i.e., bourgeois camp ..." ning to be explored." ID thus runs multiple lines of control to According to Stanislav Levchenko, a "Indeed," according to Darrell M. Trent, carry out its policies, in this particular in­ former KGB active measures case officer former Deputy Secretary of Transportation, stance, that is to say, with the USPC, it does now working against Communism in the "if we do not allow ourselves to think of our so Ca> by means of its direction of the WPC, West, "Soviet overt and covert propaganda struggle against terrorism as warfare, we of which the USPC, is the U.S. section; Cb> organizations employ at least 15,000 people shall surley fail to meet one of the gravest through its supervision of the CPUSA ." The funds challenges of this generation. In the words whose officials form the cadre of the USPC; available for active measures are enormous of Susan Weaver, moreover, "the first politi­ and, finally, Cc> via KGB clandestine con­ and not subjected to scrutiny by the Soviet cal task at hand on the issue of terrorism is tracts where secrecy is indicated or quite parliament. To implement Communist to cut the idea of terrorism loose from the openly, for that matter, where the Soviets Party directives, according to Levchenko, connection it now has in many Western lib­ believe they can dispense with secrecy. the KGB recruits "agents of influence" in eral minds with notions of national libera­ "Soviet control of the World Peace Coun­ foreign countries, penetrating by this means tion and social justice; only then can terror cil and the other international Communist foreign political parties, public organiza­ be viewed plainly as a crime and a threat. fronts is maintained both through the fi­ tions and the mass-media. But their second task is to establish another nancing and the personnel of the organiza­ AGENTS OF INFLUENCE kind of connection and make people see ter­ orism not as just a random occurrence but tions," according to Herbert Romerstein, a It is important to realize that, for pur­ student of Soviet activities abroad. The poses of description, aspects of Soviet active as a tactic in the Soviet war against the KGB's support of active measures cam­ measures are treated separately here which West." paigns is part of the traditional Communist in practice are closely linked in planning Yet, as Paul Henze, former National Secu­ concept "to combine legal and illegal work" and execution. They encompass both overt rity official, says, "It is in the nature of the and at times KGB officers take active part, and clandestine means. Agents of influence operations that support terrorism that very under cover, at open meetings of the fronts, are one of these elements-a most impor­ little proof of their origin is going to be pro­ as has been the case in recent "peace" con­ tant one in the active measures panoply. An duced-all the more so when Soviet secret ferences abroad manipulated by the Soviet agent of influence may or may not be major operatives are doing it. They are not only Union. source of intelligence-his main purpose is the world's most experienced in clandestine TRANSMISSION BELTS techniques; they work for a government the manipulation of persons and events which enjoys a complete lack of account­ Lenin was given to calling front groups toward Soviet goals. Such "a person uses ability to a legislature, a free press or any "transmission belts" to the masses. Some­ this or her position, influence, power, and other form of public opinion ... he Sovi­ thing other than what it appears to be, a credibility to promote the objectives of" his ets didn't invent terrorism any more than front group, or "transmission belt," to use sponsor. He may be a controlled agent, a the Mafia invented crime. Both simply cap­ Lenin's jargon, joins together Communists "trusted contact" or one of a number of italize on their relationship in remarkably and non-Communists, the former manipu­ "unwitting but manipulated individuals. parallel ways." lating the latter, in an ostensibly non-Com­ "Moscow utilizes agents of influence," ac­ Marx himself observed that "violence munist activity. Moreover, although mil­ cording to Godson and Shultz "as one ele­ itself is an economic

, to building and guiding the operation­ stein, such "tactics were developed by both continues to play an active role in the U.S. al network of what Cline and Alexander the Communists and the Nazis in Germany peace movement. Right now Party members during the 1920s and early 1930s." Each term the "international infrastructure of learned from and emulated the other. Both are active in literally hundreds of local terrorism." "It has consistently prompted peace organizations. The Communist Party widespread revolutionary violence," they used terrorism as a means of seizing power USA-like Communist parties around the say, "even while taking care to project the and both "employed state terror as an in­ world-has always been and will continue to illusory image that the Soviet Union was strument of their rule after coming to be an active fighter in the struggle for abiding by the spirit of peaceful coexist­ power." peace. My Party's peace activities have ence." Romerstein sums up as follows: "Thus for indeed served the interest of the Soviet In its efforts to expand its influence Communism no less than for Nazism, terror­ people-because their desire for peace is throughout the world, the Soviet Union un­ ism has long been accepted in ideology and identical to that of the U.S. people." dertakes still another active measure, its ex­ practice as a central tactic of the struggle THE DESIRE FOR PEACE ploitation of terrorism, either by supporting for power and an essential method of rule." Much is said about the desire of the independent movements or by initiating its WET AFFAIRS Soviet Union and its front groups for peace. own terrorist operations. Terrorism has Assassination too is encompassed in the Lenin was quite candid when he wrote: "become an indispensable tactical and stra­ term active measures. Part of the broader "Socialists cannot, without ceasing to be tegic tool in the Soviet struggles for power concept of "wet affairs," to socialists, be opposed to all war ... social­ and influence. Its aim seems to be to achieve use the KGB term, whereby blood is shed as ists have never been, nor can they ever be, strategic ends where the use of conventional in sabotage, assassination often appears to October 7, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26513 fall into the province of Communist surro­ tory coverage of Social Security on Ken­ Social Security taxes to that group is not gates for carrying out the actual murders. tucky's teachers and public employees, and the way to handle the problem. There is strong evidence, examined especial­ on teachers and public employees in 12 The public school teachers and other ly by Clair Sterling and Paul Henze, men­ public employees in Kentucky need your tioned above, that the Bulgarian secret serv­ other States and hundreds of municipali­ help on this important issue. We urge that ice plotted the attempt on the life of Pope ties. you do whatever you can to defeat any pro­ John Paul II. It is inconceivable, Western I would like to share with my colleagues posal that would force state and local gov­ experts say, that the Bulgarian service the excellent letter I received from Mr. Pat ernment employees under Medicare or could have entertained such a plan without N. Miller, Executive Secretary of the Ken­ Social Security. at least the early knowledge and approval of tucky Teachers' Retirement System, in If you have any questions about this, its Soviet control mechanism. Frankfort, KY, who is writing in behalf of please let me hear from you. DECEPTION more than 60,000 active and retired public Sincerely yours, The overall philosophy of deception is an school teachers. PAT N. MILLER, important part of Soviet global strategy and Mr. Pat Miller is a longtime friend of Executive Secretary. it too is incorporated into the active meas­ mine and one whose position on mandatory ures program. "The number one theme of Medicare coverage I respect and whose Soviet deception," according to John Lenc­ THE STAKES IN THE ANGOLAN zowski of the National Security Council concerns I share. FIGHT staff, is that "the Soviets are not Commu­ I urge my colleagues to read Pat Miller's nists anymore"; that they do not, in fact, letter, which is as follows: have unlimited objectives and that a KENTUCKY TEACHERS' HON. nM COURTER "spheres-of-influence" arrangement is possi­ RETIREMENT SYSTEM, OF NEW .JERSEY ble between the U.S. and the USSR. Soviet Frankfort. KY, August 28, 1985. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES disinformation, he says, attempts to pro­ Hon. CARROLL HUBBARD, mote the impression that "hawks" and U.S. Representative, Rayburn House Office Monday, October 7, 1985 "doves" exist in the Kremiln-both ideo­ Building, Washington, DC. Mr. COURTER. Mr. Speaker, about a logues and pragmatists. DEAR CONGRESSMAN HUBBARD: In 1983 after considerable study, the Congress deter­ decade ago, when both the United States mined not to mandate coverage in the Social and the U.S.S.R. were providing covert A LOSS TO CONGRESS, THE Security System to state and local govern­ military aid to factions in the Angolan civil SENATE, THE PEOPLE OF THE ment employees that were excluded by long war, America became nervous about the UNITED STATES, AND THE standing agreements between Federal and propriety of such assistance, and so VOTERS OF MARYLAND state government. This topic is most impor­ brought it to an end. But Soviet bloc aid tant to Kentucky's 60,000 plus active and re­ continued, the war went on without us, and tired public school teachers since they have HON. ROBERT GARCIA historically expressed themselves in opposi­ the enemies of democracy won. OF NEW YORK tion to universal coverage and the reasons Today the Marxist-Leninist MPLA gov­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for that opposition are well known. ernment is ineffectual at almost everything Kentucky's teachers participate in the except forestalling democratic revolution Monday, October 7, 1985 Kentucky Teacher's Retirement System, a and economic growth. But this does not Mr. GARCIA. Mr. Speaker, I am submit­ comprehensive benefit plan that was estab­ mean that the regime is defenseless. ting a letter to the editor from today's lished in 1940. The teachers have good bene­ Indeed, a Soviet general and Soviet offi­ Washington Post from Ms. Margaret Ellin fits and they pay their fair share of the cers, Cuban pilots and soldien, and East­ cost. Teachers contribute 9.60% of their ern European technical support and intelli­ Cromer of Bethesda, MD, who puts quite salary and the State contributes 12.85% of succinctly what the loss of Senator MAC all active teachers. These levels of contribu­ gence personnel are directing a major mili­ MATHIAS will mean to all of us. tion are necessary to assure the continued tary offensive at the strongholds of UNITA, The only point that I might add is how actuarial soundness of the System. The the center of democratic Angolan resist­ much his colleagues in Congress from both teachers are proud of the soundness of their ance to the MPLA. We ought not to expect sides of the aisle will miss his presence, retirement program and are wary of the that Jonas Savimbi's troops can continue leadership, and good humor. continued problems associated with the forever against such well-provisioned and Social Security System. If Social Security expert armed forces. The time has come for THE Loss OF SENATOR MATHIAS coverage were forced upon Kentucky's Not only as a Marylander, but as an Amer­ teachers, the addition of the FICA rate of the United States to come to the direct aid ican, I am sick about the decision of Sen. 7.15% would be prohibitive and the only of UNITA, and I commend my colleague Charles Mee. Mathias, Jr. to retire from choice available would be to reduce the from Florida, the Honorable CLAUDE government at the end of his term. The KTRS contribution rate and the benefits PEPPER, for his foresight and determina­ Post editorial CSept. 291 used the word that have been promised by Kentucky stat­ tion to send the resistance $27 million in "rare" to describe his service to Americans. utes. humanitarian aid. I hope that all of my col­ Susan King, on local TV news, described It now appears that some members of him as "playing government rather than leagues will become cosponson of his bill, Congress again want to force mandatory H.R. 3472. politics." coverage of Social Security on Kentucky's I will not have the same pride in being a teachers and public employees and those I want to introduce into the RECORD two Marylander when I am no longer represent­ employees in twelve other states and hun­ excellent editorials which appeared recent­ ed by Sen. Mathias, and I know my country dreds of municipalities. I am referring to ly, outlining the stakes in the Angolan con­ will also suffer a loss.-Margaret Ellin recent proposals emanating from the House flict, and pointing to the need for material Cromer, Bethesda. and Senate Conference Committees regard­ aid from America to the forces of freedom. ing Social Security coverage and from the One is from the New York Post; the other, OPPOSITION TO UNFAIR MEDI- House Ways & Means Committee regarding by Evans and Novak, was printed in the mandatory coverage of Medicare. It is pro­ Washington Post. I recommend both to my CARE PARTICIPATION BY claimed that the new revenues from manda­ TEACHERS tory coverage would greatly reduce the Fed­ colleagues. eral deficit and help to balance the budget. We have long withheld aid to these fight­ HON. CARROLL HUBBARD, JR. The new monies would provide a quick tem­ ers for national independence. The current OF KENTUCKY porary fix, but long range liabilities that Soviet bloc offensive is still one more re­ would accompany mandatory coverage minder that Jonas Savimbi's battle is our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would certainly increase the deficit in the own. Monday, October 7, 1985 near future. [From the New York Post, Oct. 7, 19851 We realize that the Congress is making se­ Mr. HUBBARD. Mr. Speaker, I have re­ rious efforts to reduce the deficit and bal­ ANGOLA F'REEDoM FIGHTERS A REAL TEST OF ceived thousands of letters and dozens of ance the budget, and we are in general sup­ U.S. RESOLVE telephone calls from teachers in Kentucky port of those efforts. Nevertheless, balanc­ Last week Secretary of State George who are contacting me about their opposi­ ing the budget on the backs of state and Shultz called upon the United Nations Gen­ tion to proposals that would force manda- local government employees by applying the eral Assembly to support those guerrilla 26514 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 7, 1985 movements fighting Soviet-backed puppet that their American counterparts fear a and Naturalization Service [INS] agents regimes in Angola, Cambodia and Nicara­ pro-apartheid taint if they approve arms for gua. from questioning city employees about Angolan nationalists under pressure from their national origin. They were, he said, "national liberation Pretoria. movements against Communist colonial­ That spells trouble for Washington. Yet, As an example of unnecessary harass­ ism." fear of siding with South Africa must yield ment, Mayor Washington cited the case of This was not calculated to get a cheer to the deeper Western dangers from a Maria B. Cerda, an American of Puerto from the UN assemblage of Third World Moscow-directed burial of Savimbi's move­ Rican descent. Ms. Cerda, who is special as­ dignitaries, who probably identify with ment. That would release the fuil force of sistant to the mayor responsible for em­ shaky Marxist dictators more readily than Angola's military arm, called FAPLA, and ployment and training, was stopped by INS with freedom fighters in the bush. Still, it its 30,000 Cuban allies-some of whom have was a forthright statement of the U.S. na­ agents and questioned about her citizen­ now become Angolan citizens and are there­ ship in front of the office building where tional interest. fore exempt from the long-stalled U.S. plan But does it represent U.S. policy? Admit­ to send the Cubans home. her offices are located. It appears that this tedly this administration's policy towards Released from civil war in Angola, this was not an isolated case and that, in fact, Nicaragua has certainly reflected Shultz's potent aggregation of FAPLA regulars, many noncaucasian persons were being robust criticism of the corrupt and dictatori­ Cubans and up to 1,500 Soviet specialists harassed in this manner. al Sandinista regime. would quickly attempt to destabilize Zaire This concern is especially relevant now But U.S. support for the anti-Communist along Angola's northern border. Directly to because this week the House Judiciary Sub­ guerrillas in Cambodia, Angola and Afghan­ the south, FAPLA's forces would give much­ istan, though sometimes rhetorically ex­ committee on Immigration, Refugees, and needed aid and comfort to the Marxist claim International Law will hold joint hearings travagant, has been either patchy or non­ to Namibia. FAPLA would add its muscle to existent. the South-West Africa People's Organiza­ with the Senate on H.R. 3080. They will Until very recently, indeed, the U.S. was tion in the drive to eliminate all vestiges of consider testimony on the issue of discrimi­ supporting the Communist guerrillas in South African political and military influ­ nation resulting from the implementation Cambodia-and even now we are supporting ence in Namibia. of employer sanctions. the Marxist government of Mozambique Thus, a decision by President Reagan to As a person who has faced discrimina­ against its home-grown anti-Communist re­ send Savimbi military supplies in response bellion. tion directly, and as a trade unionist who to huge FAPLA reinforcements from has seen the effects of racial, ethnic, and All too often we have talked loudly and Moscow would be a decision in the highest carried a small stick. interest of Pretoria. Given the emotional religious discrimination on workers, I am The key example is Angola. Here Dr. energy of antiapartheidism in the United adamantly opposed to current proposals Jonas Savimbi's pro-Western Unita forces, States, that signals a severe political prob­ for employer sanctions. As we have seen ill-equipped and facing 30,000 Cubans, 1,500 lem that would not exist if President P. W. time and time again, this only causes dis­ Soviets and 2,500 East Germans, have Botha in Pretoria had laid down a reform crimination against everyone who is, in the gradually won ground from the Communist plan with this final objective: a federated Angola government. Unita, it is generally employers' opinion, "foreign looking or one-man, one-vote South Africa with explic­ sounding." agreed, would win a genuinely free election. it minority protections. His stealthy, incre­ Unita has made its remarkable military I urge my colleagues to carefully consid­ mental reform moves do not yet come close er the concept of employer sanctions in the advances without any U.S. assistance. And to satisfying this Western hope, which rises when Savimbi has been forced by Western constantly. light of our Nation's history and our multi­ indifference to turn for assistance to the But when Reagan learns the facts of what racial, multiethnic society. As we attempt South Africans, the West has criticized him to eradicate discrimination in American so­ for doing so. the Soviet Union has been up to here, the Now, the Soviets have launched a major criticism that will fall on him for "helping" ciety, it would be a step backward for us to offensive-complete with Hind helicopters, South Africa by helping Savimbi should not create a situation that encourages discrimi­ MIG 23s and T62 tanks-against Savimbi's deter him. The large flow of Soviet arma­ nation. army. It is aimed at Savimbi's headquarters. ments into Angola-over 400 tanks-shows How NoT To STOP ILLEGAL ALIENS there has been a Soviet decision to trans­ If this offensive succeeds, no freedom . for the Whereas as a result this very young coun­ that would treat employer sanctions as an express purpose of establishing a bingo en­ try has given home, freedom, prosperity, experiment. If they don't work-and there terprise. education, and a new way of life to millions is little reason to believe they will-sanc­ In the latter part of December 1984, the of people from all over the world; and tions could die a quiet death. Fresno County Counsel's Office filed action Whereas on this anniversary of Christo­ before the U.S. District Court, Eastern Dis­ pher Columbus' discovery of America it is trict of California, to restrain the accept­ appropriate that we note with gratitude his ance of title on behalf of the United States historic contribution and that of succeeding and to compel compliance with the National generations of Americans of Italian origin Environmental Policy Act of 1969 . to the freedom and progress of this nation; 26516 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 7, 1985 Whereas I, Anthony Blasi, mayor of Irv­ a slight, balding man with a fringe of the movie contained material "sensitive" to ington, NJ, proclaim Monday, October 14, graying black hair dressed in casual slacks United States/Russian relations. 1985 to be Christopher Columbus Day and I and a white golf sweater. He may give you a His movie experience helped Dias ovecome direct that Civic Square be named Christo­ shy grin as he says hello and you'll immedi­ much of his shyness and he started working pher Columbus Square and that appropri­ ately notice the warmth and friendliness in at being more of an extrovert. ate signs be placed on the posts. his twinkling blue eyes. His manner is not In 1947 Dias and his brothers opened Al's Mr. Speaker, on Columbus Day we not dynamic, but rather quiet and bashful. Sporting Goods. As part of his on-going only honor the man who is rightly called Unless he introduces himself you'll never campaign to become an extrovert, Dias guess you've just met the mover and shaker became San Pablo's first recreation director the father of immigration, but all those of San Pablo-Al Dias. in 1949. He became a member of numerous who came to discover America themselves Dias, 66, is known throughout San Pablo civic organizations and was given his first after him. Although I share with my fellow and Contra Costa County as San Pablo's "Civic Service Award" from the Eagles in Americans of Italian heritage that special biggest fan and the best-known of its com­ 1951. He was chosen "Man of the Year" in pride in the achievement of the Genovese munity leaders. San Pablo children have 1959 by the San Pablo Exchange Club. The navigator, Columbus Day is a time for grown up over the last 30 years hearing his city of San Pablo later honored him by Americans of all ethnic backgrounds to re­ name as a household word. If there was a naming their new recreation center the joice in the diversity of our country and to Mr. San Pablo contest, Dias would probably "A.M. Dias Recreation Center." Since 1946 appreciate the fact that we are truly a be an easy winner. he has been a member and director of the How does all this notoriety strike the San Pablo and Salesian Boys Club. Nation of immigrants. For we know that former Contra Costa County supervisor and All of this led up to San Pablo residents America became a great country because of appointee to numerous county, state and and friends deciding for him that he should the millions of individuals who followed national committees? He said it pleases him go into politics. These friends, said Dias, got Columbus, from all over the world, who but embarrasses him a little. A self-de­ together all the necessary paperwork to put sought a better life and were given the op­ scribed "introvert," Dias has thrown himself him into the county supervisory election. portunity in this country to achieve their into the community forefront because, he But their was one problem with their plan­ full potential. said, he loves the people of San Pablo. "San Dias didn't want to run. And so, in the face of adversity and the Pablo is my town," declared Dias like a The future 12-year supervisor even flew often perplexing and turbulent times in proud father. away to Los Angeles. The friends called him Dias' love affair with San Pablo began in at his every free moment and they finally which we live, we Americans have inherited the early 1900's. Born to Portuguese immi­ badgered him into it. Dias said he filed on the same spririt that inspired Columbus. grant parents in 1919, Dias was one of five the very last day and now is very glad he We must harness that spirit and rise to boys who grew up in San Pablo. His father did. One problem he ran into on the cam­ meet the challenge of the future. was a foreman at Standard Oil in Richmond paign trail was his old shyness. The Irvington Columbus Day Parade will and died in the 1930s, leaving his wife alone "I became the world's worst campaigner," be held on Saturday, beginning at 12:30 with five boys under 12. said Dias. "I could never do it for myself. I p.m. at Springfield Avenue and 41st Street, The family survived by working together. just couldn't blow my own whistle and put and will end at Civic Square for ceremonies His mother worked seasonally at a local can­ down the other candidates." He served as a nery where the sons earned a few cents Contra Costa County supervisor from 1964 in front of town hall. I am proud to salute helping her cut up fruit and stacking crates. to 1976 and was chairman in 1968 and 1973. John Alati, Essex County Freeholder, who After school and on weekends, the Dias boys Known as a prominent businessman, Dias will serve as grand Marshal of the parade. I picked fruit at local farms and caddied at a is a successful land developer and owns the also join in saluting Amparita Faillo, a golf course for $1 a day. Dias said in the World Travel Agency, along with local poli­ freshman at Fairleigh Dickinson Universi­ evening the little boys would proudly pool tician and liquor store owner Len Battaglia. ty, who will be the Columbus Day Parade their meager earnings, laying out their nick­ The agency is located in the El Portal shop­ queen. And to all my friends in Irvington, I les and dimes on the kitchen table for their ping center and is run by Al's wife June. know this will be a very memorable and en­ mother. At 66 Dias may have slowed down but "There wasn't a closer united group than he'll never stop. "Life's been absolutely gor­ joyable celebration. me and my brothers," reflected a thought­ geous to me," he said with a smile. "I will ful Dias. never retire though, because I enjoy TRIBUTE TO AL DIAS Because of their rather poor status, Dias people." said, he grew up very shy and withdrawn. He almost didn't attend his Richmond High HON. GEORGE MILLER School graduation because he didn't own a ALEXANDER KHOLMIANSKY OF CALIFORNIA suit like the other boys. He remembers how IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES happy he was when he found out the grad­ uation robe would cover his clothes com­ HON. PAT WILLIAMS Monday, October 7, 1985 pletely so he'd be able to go. Longing to OF MONTANA Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Speaker, attend the after grad festivities, he lied to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Al Dias may not be the most recognized pals that the would meet them later then name in Washington, DC. He may not even went home, alone-they never found out he Monday, October 7, 1985 be the best known person in California. didn't have a suit. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Speaker, today, The big change in Dias' life came when he But in San Pablo, CA, Mr. Speaker, he is went in the Air Force during World War II. thousands of miles from here, behind the quite literally a living legend. There he met life-time pal Martin Rackin, guarded fences of a forced labor camp in He has won numerous civic achievement an RKO move studios writer Rackin was making awaits what we Americans long have cher­ my own county of Contra Costa. But a a war documentary and arranged for Dias to ished and sometimes taken for granted, mere recitation of his achievements simply be a production assistant. They were what our Founding Fathers declared are does not do justice to this remarkable and making what many thought would be the inalienable human rights to life, liberty, modest man. I wish to submit for the documenary of the war in the Pacific. and the pursuit of happiness. Dias helped manage production and expe­ RECORD a profile of Mr. Dias, as it ap­ rienced the glitter of the 1940s Hollywood Most simply, Alexander Kholmiansky peared in the West County Times. Here is a when he helped Rackin edit the documenta­ awaits the most basic and cherished human portrait of a man who admits he'll never ry. "It was the most exciting period of my right of all-he awaits his freedom. retire-because he'll never want to. I have life to that point," said a still excited Dias Sixteen months ago, Alexander Khol­ benefited enormously from his warm and as he remembered the thrill of being among miansky was a 34-year-old computer engi­ generous friendship. the stars. neer in Moscow and one of that city's most [From the West County Times, San Pablo, Local citizens in San Pablo and Richmond prominant teachers of Hebrew. CA, Sept. 16, 19851 arranged a huge celebration honoring their On July 25, 1984, Kholmiansky was ar­ local movie "hero." Unfortunately, said SAN PABLO IS AL DIAS' TOWN Dias, one week before the movie's premiere rested and jailed. The apartment he shared the military confiscated the film. The with his parents was later searched by the SAN PABLO.-When you walk into the movie, never to be shown, was taken, he KGB, who allegedly found an unregistered World Travel Agency you may be greeted by said, because government officials thought pistol and bullets. Seven months later, October 7, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26517 Kholmiansky was sent to forced labor at Mrs. CAROL WILLIAMS, FOREST HILLS "LIFT" PROGRAM Sverdlovsk. According to Soviet judicial au­ c/o CONGRESSMAN PAT WILLIAMS, CELEBRATES FIRST ANNIVER­ thorities, Kholmiansky was guilty of "ag­ Washington, DC. SARY gravated hooliganism" and "mailbox tam­ DEAR MRS. WILLIAMS: I understand that you have "adopted" the case of Alexander pering." For those offenses and the discov­ Kholmiansky. ery of the handgun, he was handed an 18- I am his American cousin who tried to HON.GARYL.ACKERMAN month sentence. adopt him over four years ago. Tried every OF NEW YORK But the truth is otherwise. Alexander avenue possible but failed. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Kholmiansky's real crime is his Jewish her­ Would have been glad to have him live itage and wish to emigrate to Israel. Many with me so that he would not be a financial Monday, October 7, 1985 believe the gun was planted by the KGB to burden to our government, but I had no Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Speaker, rise justify a longer sentence. luck. From the latest news-he is on a self-im­ today to congratulate the Forest Hills Com­ Mr. Speaker, the case of Alexander Khol­ posed fast and weighs 90 pounds. Unless munity House L.I.F.T. (Living Independ­ miansky is not the exception. He is one of something is done, it looks like he may die. ently with Friendship and Togetherness) scores of Jewish activists who have been Can't our government do something. Spies program of Queens County, NY, on the ex­ swept up in a yearlong and ongoing crack­ are exchanged. Israel freed over 1,000 citing occasion of its first anniversary, down by the Soviets on Jewish study Moslem criminals for three of her soldiers. groups and their teachers. They are scien­ Alexander is a person of very high princi­ which will be celebrated on October 11, tists, artists and laborers whose requests to ples . 1985. emigrate and the Soviet refusal to let them Why was he tried in a Russian court after Mr. Speaker, as the population of older have earned them the title of "refuseniks." waiting for his trial for three months which Americans grows, there is an increasing is against Russian law has never been told? need to ensure that all citizens-regardless They are political dissidents against a Don't expect an explanation. Soviet system that offers neither recogni­ What was his terrible crime? of age-remain active members of our soci­ tion nor respect for freedom of speech, ex­ He taught Hebrew. Show me how much ety. L.I.F.T. helps accomplish this crucial pression, assembly or religion. such teaching can hurt Russia? goal. By working with those who are trying I raise the case today of Alexander Khol­ The Russians like to believe that they are to escape the confines of their homes and miansky on behalf of the Committee of 21, a civilized nation and should be respected as rejoin society, L.I.F.T. has given older a group of congressional wives who have such. Americans in Queens County a chance to begun a letter-writing campaign to urge the If they were to look at their reflection in a reach out and form new social bonds. The Soviet Government to reconsider its unjust mirror, they will see how world justice re­ gards their hypocrisy. only program of its kind in the borough, emigration policy and release all prisoners Respectably yours, L.I.F.T. is giving senior citizens in Queens of conscience. CARL LIPKIN. new hope and a new sense of their impor­ My wife, Carol, is a member of the Com­ tance to the community. mittee of 21 and is working for the safety The dedicated staff of this outstanding and freedom of Alexander Kholmiansky. CONGRATULATIONS TO ETHEL project has developed a "family" that Information about Kholmiansky is scant STAATS ON HER NINETIETH and severely restricted, but what little we BIRTHDAY allows seniors to leave their homes without do know is a picture of poignancy. For 8 being overwhelmed. Every Monday, months, Kholmiansky had maintained a Wednesday, and Friday, these men and HON. BARBARA BOXER women meet at the Forest Hills Community hunger strike, reducing his weight at one OF CALIFORNIA House for a creative program of lectures, point to 90 pounds and forcing Soviet au­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thorities to hospitalize him. From our discussion groups, crafts, and parties. latest reports, Kholmiansky has been re­ Monday, October 7, 1985 There are even field trips to cultural exhib­ turned to the labor camp and his health is Mrs. BOXER. Mr. Speaker, I invite my its and concerts. In many cases, the 3 days improved. He is still working as a net colleagues to join me in congratulating during which this special family gets to­ weaver but he is not meeting his camp-im­ Mrs. Ethel Staats from my hometown, gether are the only chance these people get posed quotas. Greenbrae, CA, on the very special occa­ to socialize with their peers and to make We are asking that President Reagan sion of her upcoming 90th birthday on Oc­ new friends. raise the case of Alexander Kholmiansky, tober 22, 1985. L.I.F.T. has provided a caring, supportive and those of scores of others like his, with Mrs. Staats has, throughout her 90 years, environment that has enriched the lives of Soviet Secretary General Mikhail Gorba­ devoted herself to the care and support of everyone who has participated. I would like chev at the Geneva summit. We are asking others. In her youth, she was a nurse, to publicly commend Joan Goldberg, the that the issue of human rights be given a caring for others, and now, in her later coordinator of the program; Carol O'Neill, prominent spot on the Geneva agenda. We years, she has been spending much of her assistant coordinator; and Lewis Harris, ask, too, that the President urge Mr. Gor­ time babysitting and caring for the chil­ the executive director of the Forest Hills bachev to reaffirm and pledge to uphold dren of our neighborhood. Community House. Their hard work and the promise the Soviet Union made at Hel­ When my grown children were babies, dedication has been tremendous, and they sinki to honor the right of emigration. she helped me out quite a bit! deserve credit for turning a good idea into While few in number, these simple re­ She now has eight great grandchildren, an impressive reality. quests are paramount and urgent. Soviet in addition to her 15 grandchildren and Mr. Speaker, I call on all of my col­ leaders must know that our resolve and three children. She enjoys visiting them all commitment to human rights is unyielding. very much and still travels the considerable leagues in the U.S. House of Representa­ When we fail to speak out, we break faith distance to Seattle, WA, to do so. Mrs. tives · to join me now in congratulating the not just with ourselves but with countless Staats has been the foundation of a very L.I.F.T program on the momentous occa­ millions whose dreams and sometimes lives strong and close family. sion of its first anniversary, and in wishing depend on our steadfastness. Mrs. Staats also follows baseball and everyone at the Forest Hills Community Mr. Speaker, shortly after my wife, football on the radio with a particular in­ House a worthwhile and successful future. Carol, began writing letters on behalf of Al­ terest in the San Francisco Giants and the exander Kholmiansky, a letter arrived from Cincinnati Reds. one of his relatives in the United States. Ethel Staats is a special woman, one of The correspondence, eloquent in its sim­ those senior citizens whom we can all look plicity, voices the heartfelt desire we all to with admiration, and who deserves men­ share for universal respect for human tioning on her very special day. I wish her rights. I am inserting the letter here for my the very best for her future years and hap­ colleagues to read. piest of birthdays. 26518 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 7, 1985 HENRY CAN RUN, BUT HE CAN'T Here lies a key difference between CTB I do not want to leave the impression HYDE advocates and opponents: Advocates believe that I oppose deep reductions in the strate­ that limited uncertainty regarding weapon gic arsenals of the United States and the HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK reliability enhances deterrence by making a Soviet Union. I do not. Proper reductions militarily effective first strike an even OF CALIFORNIA could greatly increase our security, and the more inconceivable gamble, without dam­ security of our allies. Improper reductions IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES aging the deterrent effect of certain, devas­ could make us less secure than today. The Monday, October 7, 1985 tating retaliation. CTB opponents contend same is true of qualitative limits. I believe Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I read with that a CTB would unacceptably lower our the CTB is a proper qualitative limit, amusement and sympathy Representative confidence in our weapons, thus reducing before or after reductions. Why wait for re­ HENRY HYDE's CONGRESSIONAL RECORD our deterrent. ductions to impede Soviet force moderniza­ insert of October 3. My amusement was de­ But they ignore that a verifiable CTB tion? rived from Mr. HYDE's skillful use of lan­ would reduce Soviet confidence in their Mr. HYDE's final point regards verifica­ guage: "Fortney's Complaint Ignores Stark own weapons, and thus in their ability to tion of a CTB. He claims that: Reality." My sympathy was prompted hy launch a first strike as well. The failure Advocates of a test ban treaty-verifiable my colleague's weak arguments in his mis­ rate needed to damage our ability to retali­ or not-fault this administration for what ate effectively is far higher thaan that they believe to be excessive cynicism toward guided defense of the administration's op­ Soviet compliance. position to Comprehensive Test Ban [CTB] needed to ensure that a Soviet first strike negotiations. Like the administration, would be ineffective. I know of no one who advocates an un­ Henry can run from the arguments of CTB Deterrence is dynamic. The key element verifiable test ban treaty. Do the 77 Sena­ advocates, but he can't Hyde. is assured effective retaliation following a tors who voted for an amendment to the In response to my critique of his Wash­ first strike. But those things that make a fiscal year 1985 defense authorization bill ington Post op-ed piece, my colleague from first strike potentially less effective act to which urged the President to reopen CTB Illinois wrote that "Common sense dictates ensure effective retaliation. A CTB would negotiations fault the administration for that we strive for a CTB within the broader do just that. excessive cynicism toward Soviet compli­ context of deep and verifiable arms reduc­ My colleague did not stop there however. ance? I don't think so. To my recollection tions," and that"• • •meaningful arms re­ He rejected my contention that this admin­ the Senate has repeatedly pushed the ad­ ductions must precede rather than foil ow istration disregards the value of limiting ministration to report Soviet violations in restrictions on nuclear testing." Soviet military programs as a means of en­ detail. A potentially defensible position. But hancing our security. Once again, I am Verification procedures and provisions why must a CTB follow a reductions agree­ sure that Mr. HYDE does disagree with me. should be a central part of the agenda for ment? But where is the evidence to show that he negotiations, not an excuse not to negoti­ The only reason offered by Mr. HYDE is is right? ate. The only reason not to open CTB nego­ that "Prematurely prohibiting nuclear test­ My friend from Illinois notes that it was tiations is to avoid a CTB in order to con­ ing would seriously jeopardize our nuclear Jimmy Carter that suspended CTB negotia­ tinue testing nuclear weapons. deterrent capability which has given Amer­ tions witht the Soviets. True. But what has Are the Members of the House really ica and its Western European allies 40 that got to do with the Reagan administra­ faced with a choice floods and erosion-education­ would be moderated. Under Gramm­ which is in fact grossly imbalanced because which increases the productive skills of the Rudman, a slowdown in the economy could it fails to lay a glove on the fastest growing workforce-and a whole host of other not be met with increased stabilization ac­ part of Federal spending-the military items. tivity, since the deficit target in the bill budget? Do we really want an approach to No rational firm would insist that all in­ would have to be met. Instead of moderat­ deficit reduction which targets the wrong vestments in machinery should be financed ing the business cycle, Federal fiscal policy deficits, increases unemployment, slows out of current income, and for that reason would have to drive us deeper into reces­ economic growth, significantly worsens the most firms borrow heavily to finance assets sion, by cutting back on unemployment possibilities of recession, and guts our abil- October 7, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26523 ity to manage our way out of a recession importance to the North Atlantic Treaty the demand for her immediate release we once it takes place? Organization and to the rest of the free made that day. And to offer once again our If we accept this proposal blindfolded, we world as well. support to President Duarte in his efforts are turning our backs on real people, put­ But, being of strategic importance does to secure the release of his daughter and ting the economy into a straightjacket, and not make a wrong action a right one. An il­ bring a just end to the conflict in his coun­ reducing our ability to control our own legal recognition of statehood, that is, the try. destiny. It is a proposal which obliterates recognition of the Turkish Republic of The recent tactics of the left have taken all of the principles of economic policy Northern Cyprus, formed unilaterally after an alarming turn in El Salvador. In re­ which ought to guide responsible economic the Turkish invasion of a formerly sover­ sponse to the Government's air war, the policy. We should not kid ourselves. Em­ eign nation, is wrong. It is wrong under all guerrillas have increased their use of mines bracing this simplistic and very unbalanced concepts of international law, and it is to the point where 70 percent of the 2,337 gimmick to balance the budget would wrong under all concepts of human morali­ Salvadoran soldiers killed or wounded be­ threaten growth, raise unemployment and ty. tween June 1984 and April 1985 were hit by worsen recessions in the future. We in Congress are the representatives of mines. Throughout many regions of the a free and democratic society. As such, we country, Christian Democratic mayors have RULE FOR CONSIDERATION OF have a responsibility to our constituents, to been kidnaped as a warning against the H.R. 3500 our country, and to our consciences to Government trying to exert its authority make our voice heard so that the seeds of over areas long under guerrilla control. freed om may flourish throughout the On June 19, our own Nation was touched HON. WILLIAM H. GRAY III world. OF PENNSYLVANIA once again by the violence in El Salvador IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as four off duty Marine8, along with nine EL SALVADOR Salvadoran civilians, were brutally gunned Monday, October 7, 1985 down at an outdoor cafe by a left-wing Mr. GRAY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speaker, group. Such acts of terrorism have been de­ pursuant to Democratic Caucus Rule 35, I HON. DAVIDE. BONIOR nounced throughout the world, and have take this opportunity to advise my col­ OF MICHIGAN raised new concern about the brutality of leagues that I may request a closed rule for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the war in El Salvador. the consideration of H.R. 3500, the Omni­ Monday, October 7, 1985 Even as we condemn the recent brutal­ bus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985. Mr. BONIOR of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, ities of guerrilla forces in El Salvador, we since Jose Napoleon Duarte was elected must not forget the great danger to democ­ A TRUE FREEDOM IN CYPRUS President of El Salvador over a year ago, racy in El Salvador that has historically all Americans have shared the hope that come from the nation's overpowering mili­ HON. DEAN A. GALLO his election would usher in a new dawn of tary. From 1979 to 1984, the Catholic peace and democracy in El Salvador. Such Church's human rights office documented OF NEW JERSEY that nearly 40,000 Salvadoran civilians had IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES transitions do not happen overnight. But Duarte has shown himself to be a man of died at the hands of Government security Monday, October 7, 1985 extraordinary courage. Robbed of the Pres­ forces. As yet, no member of the Salvador­ Mr. GALLO. Mr. Speaker, October 1, idency in 1972 by the military who beat an armed forces has been indicted or 1985, marked the 25th anniversary of the him and forced him to flee his country, he brought to trial for these crimes. independence of the Republic of Cyprus. returned from exile to seek that office once In the effort to retake the countryside in Independence Day in our country is cele­ again and speak for democracy in the face the past year, the Salvadoran military has brated by millions of citizens who genuine­ of an even more entrenched military. In engaged in a campaign of bombing, straf­ ly have the ability to think and act freely, Congress, we have struggled time and time ing, and mortaring that has killed, maimed, to assemble, to worship, to raise a family, again, trying to find the best way to sup­ and terrorized the civilian population. The and to build a future without fear of hos­ port Duarte as he has tried to walk the dif• forced relocation of people from these tile oppression. Unfortunately, our Cypriot ficult line between the extremes of the Sal­ areas has brought the total number of refu­ friends do not enjoy a true freedom like vadorian right and left. gees inside El Salvador to 700,000. The ours. In many respects, the results of President Catholic Church now reports that 173 No; for Cyprus is a divided island. It is Duarte's leadership and the pressures for a people were killed or disappeared by death inhabited not only by true and correct democratic opening have been remarkable. squads in the first 6 months of this year. Greek Cypriots, but also by some 30,000 The number of killings by the notorious As Americas Watch, the internationally Turkish troops and tens of thousands of death squads has diminished. The intelli­ respected human rights organization, has Turkish settlers. gence unit of the Treasury Police, which warned, "though the number of targetted Isn't it ironic that such a situation was responsible for some of the worst killings and disappearances by military and should occur so close to the very birthplace human rights abuses of the past, has been paramilitary forces remains far below the of democracy. How truly sad it is that the officially disbanded. And the country's staggering number committed from 1979 to same culture that brought us the concept of powerful military has expressed strong sup­ 1983, the increase during the first 6 months individual freedom, that sowed the seeds of port for civilian government. President of 1985 is ominous and the maintenance of democracy among civilized humanity, is Duarte's own bold peace initiative, meeting the same modus operandi as in the past today under the thumb of an authoritarian face to face, unarmed and unprotected, makes clear that the death squad apparatus oppressor. with the leadership of the FMLN guerrillas, remains in place." This situation in such an important part raised new hope that peace in El Salvador Clearly, the war in El Salvador is far of the world cannot be ignored. It should will be possible. from over, just as the economic, political, be focused upon and hopefully it will be re­ Yet, over the past year, we have had and social problems that gave rise to the solved. many grueling reminders that the spiral of conflict are far from resolved. In spite of It is right and proper for the House to violence continues in El Salvador. Most re­ all our hopes for democracy, the reality of focus on such an important issue. The Cyp­ cently, this violence has touched President El Salvador today is a country wracked by riots were a great aid in our time of trouble Durate's own family when, on September war, a people suffering from the spiral of in Lebanon. Perhaps this Congress should 10, leftist extremists kidnaped his daughter violence. help the Cypriots in their quest for a true and her driver, and killed one of her body There is no military solution. As a recent and lasting freedom. guards. I joined my colleagues in condemn­ State Department working paper asserted, Turkey is an important ally of the United ing this heinous act when we passed House "it does not appear that the war in El Sal­ States. Turkey's geopolitical position on Concurrent Resolution 187 on September vador can be won by either side on the the Asian Continent is of great strategic 12. Let me take this occasion to reiterate ground • • •." Here, as elsewhere in Cen- 26524 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 7, 1985 tral America, the choice for the United young people in her church and school-re­ JAPANESE AMERICAN NATIONAL States is clear. Either we support the peace lated activities. She has served as a coun­ MUSEUM TO BE CELEBRATED process, or we risk finding ourselves drawn selor in church youth camps and has more deeply into the violence. worked with the Cub Scouts, Guild Girls, HON. ROBERT T. MATSUI Throughout Latin America, there is hope Rosebuds, and the American Baptist for the peace process. The Cantadora coun­ Women. Mrs. Davis is praised by her com­ OF CALIFORNIA tries of Mexico, Venezuela, Panama, and munity as an inspiration to both young and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Colombia, who have been working for over old. Monday, October 7, 1985 2 years to find a peaceful solution to the Mr. Harley Dale Ghere received his bach­ Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I rise to call conflicts in Central America, were joined elor and masters degree from Long Beach this summer by the Lima Group. These to the attention of the House of Represent­ State. He is also a member of the teaching atives a gala dinner and inaugural fund­ countries-Argentina, Brazil, Peru, and profession. He began his teaching career at Uruguay-have recently made the transi­ raiser for the Japanese American National Santa Ana High School and then went to tion themselves from military dictatorship Museum. The event will take place in Los to democracy. Their endorsement for Con­ Corona Del Mar, where he has been for 15 Angeles on the evening of October 18. tadora is an indicator of how deeply the de­ years. The Japanese American National mocracies of Latin America support the Mr. Ghere and his lovely wife gained Museum, in the words of its founders, has peace process. It should not be a signal for State and local recognition for their work as its chief mission the documentation and the United States to act as well. during the 1978 Laguna Beach Blue Bird preservation of artifacts which record the Today, the foreign ministers of the Con­ Canyon landslide disaster. Japanese-American experience in America. tadora group and the Central American Even though they were in the center of The museum will create a greater under­ countries will begin a series of meetings to · the slide and lost their home, they became standing of the Japanese American social deal specificaly with the question of how to leaders and counselors to the entire com­ and cultural heritage, its contributions to control and reduce armaments and military munity, keeping their spirits alive through and accomplishments as participants in the maneuvers, while guaranteeing the security the community's rebuilding process. American historical experience. of the region. Now, as we denounce the vio­ They have two children and reside in The museum will accomplish its mission lence by both left and right in El Salvador, Laguna Beach. through programs of permanent and as we offer our sympathy and support to Mr. Donald E. Inlay graduated from the changing exhibitions, traveling exhibits, the victims of this violence, is the time for University of Redlands and the Claremont and educational activity based on its archi­ the United States to give our unequivocal School of Theology. He has served on the val collections. Publications and multime­ support to our democratic allies in the ecology task force of the annual conference dia events will comprise a continuing ele­ region, and to work with them to end the of the Methodist Church and the Southern ment of the museum's programs. violence in Central America. California Council of Churches. On September 24, SB 1452 of the Califor­ nia State Legislature was signed into law Mr. Inlay has served as a missionary in appropriating $750,000 from the special ac­ EL RANCHO HIGH SCHOOL HALL Hawaii, where he organized Keoluman count for capital outlay to the department OF FAME Methodist Church. He has also served as of parks and recreation for allocation to minister at St. Andrew's by the Sea United the city of Los Angeles for the Japanese HON. ESTEBAN EDWARD TORRES Methodist Church in San Clemente; as American National Museum. The appro­ OF CALIFORNIA senior minister of Community United priation is contingent upon $1 million IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Methodist Church in Huntington Beach; as being i'8ised from non-State funding senior minister for 9 years at the East sources. With the support of the communi­ Monday, October 7, 1985 Whittier Methodist Church and presently ty the inaugural fundraiser will be a major Mr. TORRES. Mr. Speaker, I would like he serves as senior minister at Whittier step forward toward that $1 million goal. to bring to the attention of my colleagues First United Methodist Church. Mr. Speaker, I commend those whose ef­ several individuals who are being honored Mr. Inlay is a resident of La Habra and forts have made the inaugural fundraising by admitting them to the El Rancho High he and his wife have four children. evening for the Japanese American Nation­ School Hall of Fame. Dr. Juan Antonio Realyvasquez is a grad­ al Museum a reality. The alumni to be inducted are Gloria uate of Whittier College and the Los Ange­ Ann Barrios, 1960; Beth Marie Risney les County University of California Medical Davis, 1959; Harley Dale Ghere, 1958; Dr. Center. He is an orthopedic surgeon and CONGRESSIONAL TRIBUTE TO Donald E. Inlay, 1957; Juan Antonio Realy­ has published several papers and has made THE LOS ANGELES COUNTY vasquez, M.D., 1960. presentations at many medical seminars on CHICANO EMPLOYEES ASSO­ Gloria Ann Barrios graduated from Rio CIATION AND THE UNITED Hondo Community College, the University his research projects. HISPANIC SCHOLARSHIP FOUN­ of California, Irvine, Long Beach State, Dr. Realyvasquez has received the Senior DATION and Santa Clara University, school of law. Award Paper of Graduate Orthopedists of After teaching 3 years and being awarded Los Angeles County, 1972; Community Teacher of the Year by Channel Island Service Award, PTA, 1979 and the Glendora HON. MATIHEW G. MARTINEZ High School, Ms. Barrios entered the law Unified School District, Coordinating OF CALIFORNIA profession, volunteering her time to the Council Award for Service to Children, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES United Farm Workers. She's currently 1982. active in the Long Beach Legal Aide office Dr. Realyvasquez is a resident of Glendo­ Monday, October 7, 1985 and donates her time on the weekends to ra. He is married and has four children. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Speaker, I rise serve people who are not able to afford Mr. Speaker, I ask that my colleagues today to honor both the Los Angeles legal assistance. She is the daughter of join me in commending the outstanding County Chicano Employees Association Carlos and Celia Barrios, residents of Pico contributions these individuals havt: made and its sister organization, the United His­ Rivera for over 35 years. to their communities and respective profes­ panic Scholarship Foundation on the occa­ Beth Marie Risney Davis graduated from sions. I would also like to add my personal sion of their first annual scholarship fund­ Upland College of St. Thomas, and La Vern congratulations to the 1985 El Rancho Hall raising dinner on October 25 of this year. University. She has been a member of the of Fame inductees and their families. In particular, I commend the founders of teaching profession for more than 20 years United Hispanic Scholarship Foundation, in the Whittier City school district. Daniel G. Sanchez, Raul R. Nunez, A widowed mother of four children, Mrs. Eduardo N. Perez, and Roberto E. Zuniga, Davis volunteers her time to work with for both their insight and their hard work October 7, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26525 in making the United Hispanic Scholarship chandise Mart, presiding over the Chicago an opportunity, perhaps the best we will Foundation a success. Board of Education, working on John F. have this session, to do something about The Los Angeles County Chicano Em­ Kennedy's Presidential campaign, setting the problem that we all know and admit ployees Association, founded in July 1969, up the Kennedy administration, or launch­ exists. It is imperative that we do not let has represented clients in over 6,000 cases ing and directing the Peace Corps, "Sarge" this opportunity pass. concerning employment discrimination has confronted the imposing challenges Like the balanced budget amendment before county management, the Civil Serv­ before him with the energy, determination, and the line-item veto bill, the Emergency ice Commission, the Federal Equal Em­ imagination, competence, and integrity that Deficit Control Act is an attempt to force ployment Opportunity Commission, and has become his hallmark. Congress to do what it has continually not Superior Courts in California. The Los An­ The Peace Corps will never lose his per­ been able to achieve-fiscal responsibility geles County Chicano Employees Associa­ sonal imprint, and he left the agency in and deficit reduction. tion has been a major force in the commu­ 1966 with the knowledge that it could not It is time for this action. The projected nity in helping to eliminate racial discrimi­ be in healthier condition. He succeeded in deficit for the 1986 budget year is estimated nation. They played a major role in estab­ that job because he sparked the best ideas, to be about $200 billion. If the annual defi­ lishing Los Angeles County's Affirmative attracted the best people, attempted new cit continues at this rate, payments on the Action Committee which assists county approaches, and established new prece­ national debt will grow to be the largest management in meeting employment and dents. Under two Presidents, he created a single budget item by the mid 1990's. And promotional commitments to Chicano and feeling of excitement about Government that debt, Mr. Chairman, amounts to other minority employees. service that this city has seldom seen. $10,000 for every man, woman, and child in The United Hispanic Scholarship Foun­ History will long remember the contribu­ the country. dation was established to aid deserving His­ tions that Sargent Shriver made to the The only plausible solution remaining is panic youth in achieving academic goals at Peace Corps. He reminds us that a life passage of the Balanced Budget and Emer­ the college level. By offering scholarships given in service to one's country is a living gency Deficit Control Act of 1985. This bill from the money raised at this dinner, the thing that never dies. And so it is very ap­ amends the budget process to establish a United Hispanic Scholarship Foundation propriate and timely that we honor him maximum allowable deficit ceiling begin­ will fill a void and help more Hispanics today in this fashion. I urge my colleagues' ning with $180 billion for fiscal year 1986 have the opportunity to get a college educa­ support for this legislation. and continuing with four equal steps to tion. balance the budget by fiscal year 1990. Mr. Speaker, the work of organizations During the 5 years that this emergency such as the Los Angeles County Chicano THE BALANCED BUDGET AND EMERGENCY DEFICIT CON- measure is in place, there will be an auto­ Employees Association and the United His­ TROL ACT OF 1985 matic midcourse correction process to panic Scholarship Foundation should be eliminate any projected deficit exceeding encouraged and commended. It is my hope HON. DEAN A. GALLO the maximum deficit limit for each year. If that other groups will follow the example OMB and CBO jointly project that these of these organizations so that opportunities OF NEW JERSEY deficit targets will not be met, the Presi­ for Hispanic and other minority youth to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dent is required to eliminate the excess by further their education grow. Monday, October 7, 1985 sequestering funds by a uniform percentage Mr. GALLO. Mr. Speaker, I rise today, as across the board. Social Security is exempt­ LEGISLATION COMMEMORATING an original cosponsor, to express my strong ed and entitlements have base protection. SARGENT SHRIVER support for the Balanced Budget and The Congress may originate an alternative Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 as plan to eliminate the overage and the bill HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE introduced in the House of Representatives can be waived in time of war or suspended by Congressman CONNIE MACK and by Sen­ during a recession. OF MASSACHUSETTS The Emergency Deficit Control Act of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ators GRAMM, RUDMAN, and HOLLINGS in the Senate. 1985 would put into place a mechanism for Monday, October 7, 1985 Throughout the weekend and today, the enforcing fiscal restraint in the Congress. Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, I am today in­ Senate has been debating raising the na­ The limits set forth in this bill are real and troducing legislation-identical to legisla­ tional debt ceiling to over $2 trillion. Was the requirements could not easily be cir­ tion being introduced in the other body by it not just 5 years ago that the Nation's cumvented. The amendment compels the Senator SIMON-to authorize the President debt ceiling stood at $1 trillion? Congress to move toward a fiscal balance to present a gold medal to Sargent Shriver, And, isn't this proof enough to this body and to respond to the mandate of the the first Director of the Peace Corps. and to the other body that the existing Fed­ American public to reduce the Federal defi­ Mr. Speaker, it is especially appropriate eral budget process has failed? Certainly it cit. that this year, on the eve of the 25th anni­ is proof enough to the American public versary of the creation of the Peace Corps, that the Congress may fail to act responsi­ SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS that we commemorate the key role that bly to reduce the deficit. Sargent Shriver played in the development The budget process has eroded meaning­ Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, of that agency. ful deficit reduction and so it is up to the agreed to by the Senate on February 4, During the last 25 years, over 120,000 Congress to take this opportunity to reform 1977, calls for establishment of a sys­ Peace Corps volunteers have enhanced the budget process and place the deficit on tem for a computerized schedule of all America's image abroad by providing a certain declining path toward balance. meetings and hearings of Senate com­ needed services to people throughout the Several proposals have been made this mittees, subcommittees, joint commit­ world. They have proven that generosity of year and in past Congresses to reform the tees, and committees of conference. spirit, commitment, and dedication are en­ budget process, and I have supported these This title requires all such committees during American values. This legislation is measures. Congressman LARRY CRAIG and to notify the Office of the Senate Daily designed to honor Sargent Shriver, the first Congressman STENHOLM have spearheaded Digest-designated by the Rules Com­ Peace Corps Director, whose energy, ideal­ the drive for a constitutional amendment mittee-of the time, place, and purpose ism, and leadership helped to make the to require a balanced Federal budget, a of the meetings, when scheduled, and Peace Corps a continuing success. measure I originally cosponsored in Janu­ any cancellations or changes in the George Will wrote once that, "When God ary of this year. I also support legislation meetings as they occur. designed Shriver, He left out second gear." granting the President line-item veto As an additional procedure along Anyone who knows Sargent Shriver knows power. with the computerization of this infor­ that he does everything at full throttle. While these measures are gaining sup­ mation, the Office of the Senate Daily Whether it was manaying the Chicago Mer- port in the Congress, we are presented with Digest will prepare this information for 26526 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 7, 1985 printing in the Extensions of Remarks Energy and Natural Resources Judiciary section of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Business meeting, to consider pending Business meeting, to consider pending on Monday and Wednesday of each calendar business. calendar business. week. SD-366 SD-226 Any changes in committee schedul­ Environment and Public Works Labor and Human Resources Business meeting, to consider the nomi­ To hold hearings on mandatory nutri­ ing will be indicated by placement of an nations of Jennifer Joy Manson, of tional labeling. asterisk to the left of the name of the Virginia, to be Assistant Administrator SD-430 unit conducting such meetings. for External Affairs, and Lawrence J. Labor and Human Resources Meetings scheduled for Tuesday. Jensen, of Virginia, to be Assistant Ad­ Education, Arts, and Humanities Subcom­ October 8, 1985, may be found in the ministrator for Water, both of the En­ mittee Daily Digest of today's RECORD. vironmental Protection Agency, and To resume hearings on proposed legisla­ Orson G. Swindle, III, to be Assistant tion authorizing funds for programs of MEETINGS SCHEDULED Secretary of Commerce for Economic the Higher Education Act. Development, and other pending cal­ SR-385 8:00 a.m. OCTOBER 9 endar business. Joint Economic Judiciary SD-406 Trade, Productivity, and Economic Immigration and Refugee Policy Subcom­ Judiciary Growth Subcommittee mittee Courts Subcommittee To hold hearings to review United To hold joint hearings with the House To hold hearings on S. 704, to establish States and Japanese trade in semicon­ Committee on the Judiciary's Subcom­ an Intercircuit Panel of the United ductors. mittee on Immigration, Refugees, and States Courts of Appeals to decide SD-138 International Law on certain anti-dis­ cases referred by the Supreme Court. 1:30 p.m. crimination provisions. SD-106 Select on Intelligence 2226 Rayburn Building Conferees To hold closed hearings on international 9:00 a.m. On H.R. 2959, appropriating funds for terrorism. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs fiscal year 1986 for energy and water SH-219 To hold hearings on proposed legislation development programs. to provide protection for agricultural S-128, Capitol OCTOBER 16 purchasers of farm products. 2:00 p.m. 9:30 a.m. SD-538 Finance Foreign Relations Labor and Human Resources To hold hearings on the nomination of To hold hearings on the nomination of Business meeting, to mark up S. 1570, to Ronald E. Robertson, of Virginia, to be Richard Schifter, of Maryland, to be exempt State and local governments General Counsel of the Department of Assistant Secretary of State for from certain maximum hours provi­ Health and Human Services. Human Rights and Humanitarian Af­ sions of the Fair Labor Standards Act, SD-215 fairs. as a result of the impact of the Su­ Judiciary SD-419 preme Court's decision in Garcia To hold hearings on pending nomina- Labor and Human Resources versus San Antonio Metropolitan tions. Business meeting, to consider pending Transit Authority on cities, and other SD-226 calendar business. pending calendar business. Joint Economic SD-430 SD-430 Trade, Productivity, and Economic Select on Intelligence 9:30 a.m. Growth Subcommittee To resume closed hearings on the devel­ opment of a national intelligence Finance To hold hearings on United States and strategy . To resume hearings on the President's Soviet trade prospects. SH-219 tax reform proposal. 2359 Rayburn Building 10:00 a.m. SD-215 Energy and Natural Resources Foreign Relations OCTOBER 10 Business meeting, to consider pending To continue hearings on a nuclear 9:30 a .m. calendar business. agreement between the United States Energy and Natural Resources SD- 336 and the People's Republic of China. Public Lands, Reserved Water and Re­ Select on Indian Affairs SD-419 source Conservation Subcommittee To hold hearings on the nomination of Judiciary To hold hearings on S.J. Res. 187, to Ross 0. Swimmer, of Oklahoma, to be To hold hearings on S. 1140, to preserve designate Patrick Henry's last home an Assistant Secretary of the Interior. and promote wholesale and retail com­ and burial place, in Virginia, as a Na­ SR-325 petition in the retail gasoline market tional Memorial to Patrick Henry, S. 10:30 a.m. and to protect the motoring safety of 1596 and H.R. 2776, bills to direct the Foreign Relations the American public. Secretary of the Interior to convey To hold hearings to discuss certain trade SD-226 title to the Robert F. Kennedy Memo­ barriers to U.S. exports. Labor and Human Resources rial Stadium to the District of Colum­ SD-419 To hold hearings to examine certain bia, and S. 1116, to authorize funds for barriers to health care. financial assistance and grants to the OCTOBER 17 SD-430 Bethune Museum and Archives in the 9:00 a.m. Select on Intelligence District of Columbia. Labor and Human Resources To resume closed hearings on the devel­ SD-366 Aging Subcommittee opment of a national intelligence Finance To hold hearings on pension accrual and strategy . To continue hearings on the President's the older worker. SH-219 tax reform proposal. SD-628 10:00 a.m. SD-215 10:00 a.m. Commerce, Science, and Transportation Foreign Relations Armed Services To hold hearings on the nominations of To hold hearings to discuss the proposed Defense Acquisition Policy Subcommittee Robert Elsner, of Alaska, and Karen U.S. arms sale to the Kingdom of To hold oversight hearings to review the Pryor, of Washington, each to be a Jordan. status and impact of certain legislative Member of the Marine Mammal Com­ SD-419 provisions to reform the defense acqui­ mission, to be followed by oversight 10:00 a.m. sition process. hearings in conjunction with the Na­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation SD-138 tional Ocean Policy Study to review Merchant Marine Subcommittee Commerce, Science, and Transportation the harmful effects of pelagic drift­ To hold hearings to examine the effects To hold hearings on the nominations of nets in waters off the North Pacific of the recent increase in insurance Edward V. Hickey, Jr., of Virginia. and Ocean beyond coastal state jurisdic­ rates and the lack of coverage on the Francis J. Ivancie. of Oregon, each to tion. fishing industry. be a Federal Maritime Commissioner. SR- 253 SR-253 and John A. Gaughan, of Maryland. to October 7, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26527 be Administrator of the Maritime Ad­ Federal policies to provide such inno­ OCTOBER 28 ministration. vation. 9:30 a.m. SR-253 SD-342 Foreign Relations Finance Health Subcommittee To hold hearings on the nominations of OCTOBER 23 Alan L. Keyes, of Maryland, to be an To hold hearings on S. 1551, to provide Assistant Secretary of State, Robert 9:00 a.m. for administrative appeals and judicial G . Houdek, of Illinois, to be Ambassa­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation review under part B of Medicare, and dor to the Republic of Uganda, and To hold hearings on the nominations of to review the beneficiary and provider Natale H. Bellocchi, of New York, to Michael A. McManus, Jr., of New appeals provisions under parts A and be Ambassador to the Republic of Bot- York, and Neal B. Freeman, of Virgin­ B of the Medicare Program. swan a. ia, each to be a member of the Board SD-215 SD-419 of Directors of the Communications Labor and Human Resources Satellite Corporation . SD-430 1225, bills to revise certain provisions 4:00 p.m. SR-253 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 re­ Labor and Human Resources Select on Intelligence garding liability for nuclear incidents. Closed briefing on Soviet strategic Handicapped Subcommittee forces. SD-406 To hold hearings on the Tenth Anniver­ SH-219 Labor and Human Resources sary of the Education for All Handi­ Business meeting, to consider pending capped Children Act . OCTOBER 18 calendar business. SD-430 9:00 a.m. SD-430 10:00 a.m. Energy and Natural Resources Select on Intelligence Armed Services Energy Regulation and Conservation To resume closed hearings on the devel­ Defense Acquisition Policy Subcommittee Subcommittee opment of a national intelligence To resume oversight hearings to review To hold oversight hearings on innova­ strategy . the status and impact of certain legis­ tive approaches in industrial energy SH-219 lative provisions to reform the defense efficiency. 10:00 a.m. acquisition process. SD-366 Energy and Natural Resources SD-628 Business meeting, to consider pending Governmental Affairs OCTOBER 21 calendar business. Permanent Subcommittee on Investiga­ 9:30 a.m. SD-366 tions Commerce, Science, and Transportation To hold hearings on the Federal en­ Surface Transportation Subcommittee OCTOBER 24 forcement of the Bank Secrecy Act To hold oversight hearings on the imple­ 9:00 a.m.