Chemical Nomenclature Nomenclature: Identify Elements as…
Nonmetals (yellow)
Metals (blue) Metaloids (Pink) Nomenclature: ID type of compound • Identify elements as metals, nonmetals, X Y polyatomic ions or semimetals metal nonmetal • Apply nomenclature for each category: – Metal – nonmetal metal polyatomic – Metal – polyatomic – Nonmetal – nonmetal nonmetal nonmetal Nomenclature: Example Metal – Nonmetal (a.k.a. ionic) Na Cl X Y
metal nonmetal
Sodium Chlorine
+ ide Write down, in order the names of the two elements. Drop the ending of the Sodium Chloride second element and add “ide”. Answer: Sodium Chloride Nomenclature: Example Metal – Nonmetal (a.k.a. ionic) Ca Br2 X Y
metal nonmetal
Calcium Bromine
+ ide Write down, in order the names of the two elements. Drop the ending of the Calcium Bromide second element and add “ide”. Answer: Calcium Bromide Nomenclature: Backwards Metal - Nonmetal (a.k.a. ionic) Iron (III) fluoride X Y metal nonmetal
Fe3+ F1-
Fe3+ F1- F1- F1-
Write down each element’s symbol with Fe F F F charge. 3+ 3- Modify number of ions to create simplest neutral combination Answer: FeF3 Complete formula using subscripts. Nomenclature: Backwards Metal - Nonmetal (a.k.a. ionic) Iron (III) fluoride Fe 3+ Watch carefully! Iron can occur with two different oxidation numbers: 3+ and 2+ Iron (II) fluoride Fe 2+ Nomenclature: Backwards Metal - Nonmetal (a.k.a. ionic) Iron (II) fluoride X Y metal nonmetal
Fe2+ F1-
Fe2+ F1- F1-
Write down each element’s symbol with Fe F F charge. 2+ 2- Modify number of ions to create simplest neutral combination Answer: FeF2 Complete formula using subscripts. Nomenclature: Charges How do we determine them? Alkali Metals Halogens 1+ Alkaline Earth Metals 1- 2+ 3+ 2- Patterns GasesNoblecharge) (0 in the 3- Periodic Table Nomenclature: Charges How do we determine them?
What about the transition metals???
Transition Metals Nomenclature: Charges Transition metals: MEMORIZE checked Chromium Cr2+ Chromium (II) Chromous Chromium Cr3+ Chromium (III) Chromic Cobalt Co2+ Cobalt(II) Cobalt Co3+ Cobalt(III) Copper Cu1+ Copper(I) Cuprous Copper Cu2+ Copper(II) Cupric Iron Fe2+ Iron(II) Ferrous Iron Fe3+ Iron(III) Ferric Lead Pb2+ Lead(II) Lead Pb4+ Lead(IV)
2+ Mercury Hg2 Mercury(I) Mercurous
Mercury Hg2+ Mercury(II) Mercuric
Tin Sn2+ Tin(II) Stannous
Endings: Latin root + “-ous” ion with lower charge “-ic” ion with higher charge Nomenclature: Examples Metal - Nonmetal
Name Charges Neutral Formula
2+ 1- Cupric Chloride: Cu Cl Cu1Cl2 CuCl2
3+ 2- Cobalt(III) Sulfide: Co S Co2S3 Co2S3
3+ 1- Chromic Bromide: Cr Br Cr1Br3 CrBr3
2+ 2- Mercurous Oxide: Hg2 O Hg2O1 Hg2O Nomenclature: ID type of compound • Identify elements as metals, nonmetals, X Y polyatomic ions or semimetals metal nonmetal • Apply nomenclature for each category: – Metal – nonmetal metal polyatomic – Metal – polyatomic – Nonmetal – nonmetal Nomenclature: Metal - Polyatomic
Ammonium NH + Metal Polyatomic 4 + Hydronium H3O - Acetate CH3COO Cyanide CN- Hydroxide OH-
- Chlorate ClO3 - Perchlorate ClO4 - Nitrate NO3 - Permanganate MnO4 2- Carbonate CO3
- Bicarbonate HCO3
2- Dichromate Cr2O7
3- Phosphate PO4 Know these polyatomic names and formulae!!! 2- Sulfate SO4 Nomenclature: Metal - Polyatomic
Formula: Co3(PO4)2
Possible Ions: Co 3+ Co 3+ Co 3+ 6+ 3- 3- PO4 PO4 2+ 2+ 2+ Co Co Co Neutral 6-
Name: cobalt(II) phosphate Nomenclature: Metal - Polyatomic
Name: iron (III) nitrate
3+ 1- Ions: Fe NO3
Neutral 3+ 1- 1- 1- Count: Fe NO3 NO3 NO3
Formula: Fe(NO3)3 Nomenclature: ID type of compound • Identify elements as metals, nonmetals, X Y polyatomic ions or semimetals metal nonmetal • Apply nomenclature for each category: – Metal – nonmetal metal polyatomic – Metal – polyatomic – Nonmetal – nonmetal nonmetal nonmetal
a.k.a. Binary Covalent Compounds Nomenclature: Example Nonmetal – Nonmetal (a.k.a. covalent) H2O2 XY
nonmetal nonmetal
•Write down the names of the two elements. + ide • Drop the ending of the second element + di + di and add “ide”. •Add prefixes to denote number of atoms dihydrogen dioxide (e.g. mono, di, tri, etc.) a.k.a. hydrogen peroxide Nomenclature: Example Nonmetal – Nonmetal (a.k.a. covalent)
mono 1 di 2 CO tri 3 Know these carbon oxygen prefixes tetra 4 and how to carbon oxide use them. penta 5
hexa 6 monocarbon mono oxide hepta 7 Drop “mono” if at the beginning octa 8 nona 9 carbon mono oxide deca 10