Baluchitherium, ~From the Oligocene of Mongolia
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Further Notes on the Gigantic Extinct Rhinoceros, Baluchitherium, ~from the Oligocene of Mongolia BY WALTER GRANGER AND WILLIAM K. GREGORY. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VoL. LXXII, ART. I, pp. 1-73 'j- New York I I88se4 Augut 21, 1936 I I ,, ''. 1, V-. -.-., II".IZ: "III",III " .,\-. "" ". I---., " _-.1 ,.,... ".,,f, .,\,JT,-V;. ,;I', II ,,. --,-,i -I ..w ,:;.,;.,:I ,,,,...--.;! ,,,I I,-I,'..'.,.i_ .-'I,-11,...z .,.,,,,..1.1..I-.,II,,,I'A..-.,-.,1.F1.-II44,", ,..,II.-I,IzI1:II-I;, I. .II.,I.I.,,,.,:.,,..,,i,'.,...,.''..,ItI"'A.1.I.. ,,,,,,"I.II..II,..I ,f.),. ,-.,.I--III-"",-."..'..., I,,,1. .1 .,1.. ,.. ..A. ..,.., -'I',,II-..,.-.,".,,,: -.-.,..i.,,...-I-w.v,"-,, ..,,II-,I.-": ...,..I..I..,-1.'. .-I-"iI.;..,.11--.11..;II-..'11'1. i"".II.II.",11-,...1.,,;.. ..I.I",.",1.4.-","I.I.. .... `11-1.I.I,,.,I1. 1, Ii.,...,,,-I." ..II..:-.d- ,,I..,..,.,...'..II",,.,,.,-,."II,,,I,I ."I.,,,,,'.,,--..(.s..t.,,.I-_ .,.I- -.!...II " ..I...-,_.i " .,.II1..:,_.-I:, .,. I.-.1,1,,I,.I I..,.I1-I11.. .1,,-..-I.11I-I!.I,-I.I,II.I...,"., .,,.I -.. .. "', "111 ,,.,.I,,-I1..'I.-III -i,.,.,I0.,.,.',..-,,I ,.,,-I..I-:.'.""'.II.,..,:k ..,. ", -, .".t.. ,,...",.,,-,.II..,-, ,,,",11I..-,;..;.I..,.tI --_. ..t, 'ii,"--II.1:.-7:III..''. ,I:,,-,,I-,.,1. 11-I -.1.. "I,..'.,,..., -, \.., "., I, -I_.I.,.1: .,. ,.,,., " ,,.. .,..,.. ..I-,.,..,--.,I-iwIo-- "I 12..,;,...I,'.,:. ,,_: .-" .,1,--.:-i-.IIjiI:.,:,, ..-I-.-,!,.',I_.I..,.,..I.-..I,IIII'..4.-._I1...,.,._,.;,,.I,",I...,II_..III".-.i,-I:I.,,11II-I-I,11.II -.I.. .I: ,),I ..I-II.,o IIII,.,,.III-"I.-.,,.-II.,...,; ...III- I,..-.-III ;,e--,--,., 11 ,.I,.,,i. ,..II.,..,.IIIII.,IiI1....I.I..,,-I ,.,I.vIiw, -1 -I..,t....I. -....;..-.--1, ,. ;, tt I..--I.':I..",?,.%.I..,6-..T-..,1, ., ,_.-..I....,,..".I...I.,,I..I...11,,,,.,-,...."?,..-.I."I,II-1I..-.I..I,`,.,..IN11kI.1..I.-_,I..1..,.I%..,, .--I 11 ,;.l,'p -.I...-:(-I -"/.,.,"..'.I,I-)11..-,..-1.,..I1- ,.,.,_-, -. -",.1.;:1 -,.f,.I,I.,,II" ...I..,.-, II rI"...,VI .1, .I..If, ..II.,1. ,,,.II ..I.,1II..I-1-olII.t,...,,,,I-..",,.,1.III",!.,,-I,-,.--.-..,..! 11.,,;,I,.,._;. ._-,.I.j,,,...ItI,..,..,..I,/,:I.,I1.",.,I-,-.,,.,. .I,. -,,!.,.,,.,.,II,I.1,,,.,.,I- ..,. .I,., I!,'I."I-.II:,..,...IIII?.,`.-,...,,,,.,,,,..,4.,_4 .,..,1(.. ,,;-.4, / % It.;- ,-' ''...-,.,i..."1, .II"%)I./-,"I.I-.11,,, ,-,.,,.,1-141,,., ;,v,I.,.,,"..I"; ,.1_ I.i,I"I II,,:-,.I." I.I-I?,-,11 ! .,.;....,,I,.I.'.I-I.)-----,.,';,I,_.I._.,II-II..II.,....,.11,. -;k "I.".k,,-,.,y".,.,I..I.,. ",-, ,jI,.,I.?.`I :1.,..,,,I-:I,Ii 1...'. ,"t, II.I--.--,,,).I,.I.1.-.,-.,...,,,-.,,.-..-,, ,I- ,;;;,.".--'(,"-... .,-. -: I. ,.I..,, ,, - ".,,. .,..-.II,,"',....I..' ,,I,. 1I..-.-,11'v .I..'' ,./I.,.;,. "-..`., ". 1, 11 ,.,,,,. ,..,N "', -,. .,I--...1, .. .., -, .. .i,,., I.., I"I.-T -..,,'.,,1.,,1, .,,.,,.. f,r ,.Y. "",1.; .",-III..I .;I,--,...,.1.:II-X.,,N ,III.--.i,, ,I;,_... ,I. ". ..," ",.. .,,4.I,..,,.,.:-;I,,...,...-II,.-.I, -.4., .,%,,"II."..-i,:., ,;1,,i," )..,,,!,,, .; ..__kI., ,,).,/-. I..), "' .; ,_. ,,..t ,.,.,".I,,, ",,,.._.,,"..,,,y..;II ,,,,I..-.1.I.,.,.i.III...-...!, .,..1,",-.,".. ,,."!,,.I..1..,.'0., -. .1'1.I ..,II,I.II..,._)_I.,-_._I,/ .11 _I.,,(I., '). I- 11-I. ._,II' ,'I...t I-I,....., .,. .;.,.Vl_.:-I, .. I1. --'II1.1'1-,1..,IIII-'-,I,,_. I_.". 1, I,-,II-. .", 1....I...,,,.; .I.:,"I.I--,11..-..I.f1..'.I.1.,.111.I..1._..i-f,'i,,. ...I_..&.,.._1IIII .,,/:,,,","Y .1, "I 4' ,': II.I,,,11,. .;t.i ,.I, ;.,,,; -,.,,T,I..i,4___... 11.f,.11 -.-,.1,."11.I: -,.-.," I'.,!) ",,,", ....I. I.III, ..,, ,".._-': .1.I,-,.4 t,,.,,II., :,. 1..,\ ..I.-".",,...,.I.t' ..I" II ,",,,;.1 ;..' ,,..-,I...,III- ,.;..I"."II- ,, 1,.-,,.,.-_,1,,c...I,-,,,,,.."...---.,,,...I,,.11 . I--1 ,. ,,-,,,_j -;, ,!t.,,. ,,01I,,.) --.-III..!1.t .. 17..I.Ll. I'..II.-.I-.,..,I, ,... ,7., .,,.,,.-,,,,tI,. ,.I..I-, 1, ,_. -, , .."',"..L.'- -, -,- .!II,..,.--I,J'.;`, .'l..-.,:-,,,I, .-/I,,.IIT.'. 1, ... ",!., ..,,_-,- %. .1. 112.,,.,,-, ,_I.II-.. .II II.I.._1.,,I.;,:I,....,...I III..,;.-,-..,,,.w,,,_. ",I-.`-" " .11 .1!.,...,,.I.,-....I--t1..II11."II"i-,., -_ -,II, .0.,I,11--.;,,.'."'I.",",,; ...-,I-I. .,?.' ...-,"., .;- -I-,, I,.r""-",41,1,I4.,-I',, ..,., .I .r I.__.II,7...,.I,.,",_4.'1, .:,.,-../,,I- '. .,., ,,,"- "(.k 11,I.",,", - _.,,-"',,- 1...,. 1.-"' .' '- ,II,",I.i.-Ir;-I. ,-I... ,, I- -,,.-". ,., ,, -.1,.-",I.1, - _.% ,.I,-"-7-. .::..t-., I.. ."p. ,..",,-/..J"I.III11..,A,".,,,,.,. -,-,,-I,.".I"\ '' _.,,.4.I,.,.. ,.,,! ,,."I- I,. ..-.,,,...,.III,.. -I I. ,:, ",,,.,.,,..---- ,-/'-,7, ,1:1- :,,..,,1. -..-.I,,,,,:,, ,.."-,.:.\..1,I"__4'm,II11;`:',,,..,I..I-11'._.'..."-,.,I."..;I...I.,-!-..-1-II,,.I..,--.1,.. I, I,,-;-..",,",,.lk i,I,I ,";., I:.,.I,I,, ,%.I..I, .,,;.,.,I -/ ...,,,":, I11, ,., ,1. -1 ,." .,;X,;!_,,..",..I:...I.,"" ,II j...1, I,IO. .;...r-",,.,, It I;I..,;,.. 71...,IV),., 1,,i...;." k..,..; ,'.,-,,;".,.., -- .1.,"I -... "4,.tj.,I11-r-..,.,,-,, ,.', -:.--I-,"..1,I.,.7.11.I-`,..1'1%_ ;.,,-,II-, .,I.1,< II-, ",-.I- "';I". -,I..."-., ..,,-I-I._; 1-.,., "i 11.I I,..Iz...I- -",,"......-, -. ".,... ,..-,,......,..i..-;., I..,.1.!, .. IIf../-A ", ..,-.I.-','ti,.I-A` .",..-. If,..,", ,,I:,.,,,...II("'., 1, /_I11,.11., .1o..,,I,. .,-, I- ,.',,_.kI-11. I,-i.,, I.I.II",...:,, _,."-.":.,..,,"11K'.,I.....I..., I- ..:..I,. .1..III,. ),. f ,,I'..,I `-I4,". 1,VI./. ,/1."I:1.. ,,,,..,.- .,,.....,,,,..,:,-.,-;..'. ;"I,,-iI,,,..-,".,,_:`._/,i4,I,.. -. -'N..,,-,,-.1,,.`.I.,i,,.I I.,. ..,,,,;_,,1-.,.! 11..:,") ,.;- I'.I...--I...1,,I,.,-,,1II,- ", 11 '.,i '_" -,: _ \. I"Ai,.,.,,j..,. K",.,-1.,..,I..,,I.. ,_ ". ,1,,,'Ii..,-.I.I1-,I,,.I,,. 1.,. I I_--,.eI,..,1.,I.., ..'._,.,.:,._.-.t..,,...,-..,I.-1.I,;,,').- 41,,.,_,.,.-.,.-..j-,,":,"1, i, 11. ,,,-L...,4,".,...-,..I 11 ,.,Ii.1,,I"I.,"...II,III. ,..I,-I.- :...I.-.-...-II.","1,.,.t,I.,.I .,,;.I;,j.A. \II... Ir.,_.,,"---.--.,I..,,,11..I"I. .1.",, II,-,.,I.I11..,,,.., ,,,---,., ., ,,-I.-1,I,::..".II.I'i.1.., i;- I"f.-,,-..I1-1T, '. ,.I,.- ". ,.,III IIII",,._ ,.-;"" '. \"', .., .;I.-.I1...z:. IV-.. ,-.,_. .,, ,11.III,.II" :..". .,..-.... I,I,,I.II...,-. I.,i.N,,-,-1,..;"",-- ,_". "I.%.,,'. ,.I I...-,,t., ,., .1. t, ..,-. .---,I.t.,,..IIi1.,.,". ,,-I-It, ..:,,.'.,I..1-:111- -,,I,III,").-i ,-,>, ,,I'..I..... ,.-.. .---.-,--.-,-II \'. I,,I.I.I.I.,II.,,,,--,-I-.1.I, "'-': f,,_;,.....-,1. ,,..C.,,I % ., t,.,..7", 1,.-_.,-,,I,_," i.",I..1,I1.).,...,,, 1,I..:.11,...- .,` ,-.,,...-..,_. ,,. iI..,,,,.,,!, i' - .-0,. ."'.,' ...), ..,.;,.I,:. :.I..,II:..,..,\`I1.,!_.,,,itI....;II,."j,..II II " -I.j IIII,( I. ,,"..,ILI ...%II,",i't",.7.1-...1,...:-,.,,y.(.I..I,:-.-1I.8.,,,.-,.:,, ,-, .,,,..,,...,.I...,,,I .1. .., .;I1. ,-"/,,.,,..,,,., ;/j.-,"..-:,. ;:,-,.'!?I ,I.,".,..,,-,, .1, ,-.,I,.1, ,,.,-,I11...,.,---- .. 'i '.,:,.,;I/-..f.,. .,,, "' -,.,..,I`,.. I.I,II.,-,.,-..-,.%,,I.-,: "1.I..`),,.I,,I,.\.IIk. ,..',...,, .,1.,,. ,9.1, ,,..L:,_r,,.,!I.,,. .I1't,-.k-.., .. .,,,.__ _.111.,,1..I-.1..,..,., -.. ,.' I. ,IIIa.._,.,.,-I,4" I, ,,...II..-%.I;'i',k-, ,A,, III.-I.I-.1.,,i,..,,I,,..,..,.I.;_.".,._,-.. :"-, ...-1,,-p 11 ,."III. , ).,;.,,, I/III-ILII..II-1, .,"117\,,,,,11I-1'1 _r .o,4.,.-,.-;"-,,I.-I.m, _, , - ., ,.,.,,1, ).,_.- "-'),,;--.:,"" ;,-.- ;,., ., 1.) I-.-., .--...I..1I.I! I-\..1 -,--III,Ll.'. ,,,, .I .. ,!,-, .-1 % ,. ,V,.,,""1 -:.,."ZI..,If..e -.,.-.I 4., .,, ,II1- ,:i,. "ii,..''I.,,, .. " I,.II.,,I,"I'll f. ._I-'.-.,; ..,.-.,,./-.,I..I.,Irl.", -. ..-,.%IIj..; .1.,.c, ""..- ,.. 1, ..--_-.,.--,-.--,I.I---,-.... I, ,", ,, .4 1.,,, .". ,. ". ."......,.e.I,.. ,,:, ..,. ..I\.";,,. .-_,'_,,'-,. .,-,'/ ..,., ,; I,.t,,,.--,,,.INi.,I,I,., _., ,.I",.,.I,iI'llII...''i-- -.; .,-.;,,,,:,,,/, ," 1. ,. I1), ----'': r:I I..,III, .,, -, ,,. /-. ,\ .-v .,,,,i..I11.1,-,,.I, 1-1 I7." ," ,,,,.".,,,,i- ,",,., I'.., '. .,'.",,..,..,--.,...-.-.- ,.,,..'-.t,.:) ;. -".I,.. \, .,.F-I,.,1,-..I-'.,1.. ,.1. ..,* ,,, .,,.,.. .?".. .. .:,-:1.oM. I\..1 -1.1.I-,.-\"1,.-, .,\,., ,/,"__.,.1. ".":,,...,."..i,-.,.4,.,w.,.,L.,16..-.1.,f1. 1,,...-..-. -. I...,-. '. .;iI1, .-:.1,-,, ._It.....",1y,--:.I-, ,';,, A,l,,.d,.;Ii,-, 1.,11.." --? ,,.---. -I.II. 1-4,.,i.1I".d,._.I.,,,.,.I." II.,,,:!.--.,':I-.1.,.,.--711..-.,..II1-,,.,,I_..'," .,.t,,-,Y-",..,.,,.-.;..,,;,,I-.,._,,.,III.tI..1.I,.--- 41 .-I.. -I1... .I/,,,\,i". .,..-" ,1..I .-. .,.,-- ,I-I-,1`V-.."Y,.,"I...I,.II. -,-_".1.,-, -,,,- ;.,I1..,.,.I. ."..,, "I 11'., II..., "_-7.11:,:,,,,.".,.! .I.1..I,, .1 .,II,."(. I,\.-j'. ,.,I..1,- .,,,,.., I,I.1.,.II.II...!,,,--I._,_. z,I .I.I.-1:1,I-11-:,,.I.II...1. .., .. "Y -- '.,.,'i'l__1I.-II:e.oa,1.,.:,.,I, ,. 'O,,.'FI-1.----,--,, .. ".! . ,I r-.II"'--I..,,,'i ,,::I.1,.-_111I..,-.I-t.1.1, ,, 'i I..:. .\ ,.I,II Ii.I ''-... .,- .I. ..I,f-..;.I .-/.",.:,t,.,,.,,,:.,.", "..I", -...,,I,'9,,.i.LI.I .-.--;.,,I _,"I. ..-,;- ,..,ilI:-' ,,,- I;, -\ - " .t,,,- ,,,, ,\,..,.t,,-I,.-.,I.11",_..- .4,., ,.,,.,., .`) ,... .,vI.1/."".,'.'I(,.,- j-, X,.I.-III".2:.4-IIII -.. ".-'i .. I., -_ O.,I.I"".,.,,,,,,I,,..,v,-,,.,.', ,1 .,-,-.,-..I.I_',_-,_,--","I-."", ,., ,.:I..'k,",., ,..."I,II,I,.%."\..I1I'.,I".I.";5.,iI..(...1I-...IIIJI,..II-.t ;i-. __. ". -. 1V"',,,,...-,I"..`. ,.,. 11I,.I11I.-._I,,"I.II--.....,.,,.,,,.i.,--,..-,-.-))'. ,II,,.., ,..-I,"..", ,,11 ., .!,." _1. o..- i?I.,I...-I,,AI.,-_;.,II.!,."11,,-.4..\".,..,...,4A,,,I,,.--;I.,1,..11 .;-. ,. .;J,.. .: ,I t-,;,' -,, "iI t- I_I, , "I ..7.1,I..,.,,-1...,.,,o!,,1,-., "."I .-, 1._ 1,,.-.,"..11,1.i,.-C7I1.I.\.":-..,.,I'' .,,-: ,, .., ,."..,.1. ,I ,,.- -, ., ,I.'. .-,i,..-.:.-, ,.-1I "I.V. ,;...iI..,,- ":,.-':.I.',.. \,i.II., I.,II.1,,"-..;-. ;.,,.I...11--,._:.111;I..,.k,- -_x .,,1,.II11..11.,.I....,I..., ..... .I ..I.I.-",II iI..I ., ,_\....", ., .II I..III.1..I,.-..,,.-.I;,..,\,..I!.rI.,-