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Architecture Génétique Des Caractères Cibles Pour La Culture Du Peuplier En Taillis À Courte Rotation Redouane El Malki

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Architecture Génétique Des Caractères Cibles Pour La Culture Du Peuplier En Taillis À Courte Rotation Redouane El Malki Architecture génétique des caractères cibles pour la culture du peuplier en taillis à courte rotation Redouane El Malki To cite this version: Redouane El Malki. Architecture génétique des caractères cibles pour la culture du peuplier en taillis à courte rotation. Sciences agricoles. Université d’Orléans, 2013. Français. NNT : 2013ORLE2005. tel-00859626 HAL Id: tel-00859626 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859626 Submitted on 9 Sep 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ DORLÉANS ÉCOLE DOCTORALE SANTE, SCIENCES BIOLOGIQUES ET CHIMIE DU VIVANT Unité de recherche Amélioration Génétique et Physiologie Forestières THÈSE présentée par : Redouane EL MALKI Soutenue le : 21 janvier 2013 pour obtenir le grade de : Docteur de luniversité dOrléans Discipline/ Spécialité : Biologie Architecture génétique des caractères cibles pour la culture du peuplier en taillis à courte rotation THÈSE dirigée par : Catherine BASTIEN Directrice de Recherche, INRA dOrléans RAPPORTEURS : Yves BARRIERE Directeur de Recherche, INRA de Lusignan Daniel PRAT Professeur, Université Lyon I ___________________________________________________________________ JURY : Stéphane MAURY Professeur, Université dOrléans Président du jury Maryse BRANCOURT Chargée de Recherche, INRA de Mons Jean-François RAMI Chercheur, CIRAD de Montpellier Yves BARRIERE Directeur de Recherche, INRA de Lusignan Daniel PRAT Professeur, Université Lyon I Catherine BASTIEN Directrice de Recherche, INRA dOrléans Dickmann and Keathley (1996), in questionning the role of physiology in breeding, stated that « physiologists working with tree improvement programs for Populus and other taxa need to re-evaluate their modus operandi. » We strongly suggest that a new modus operandi might be found for physiological investigation in defining the relationship between trait expression and the economic worth therof . Riemenschneider et al, 2001 Remerciements Tout dabord, je tiens à remercier M. Gilles PILATE de mavoir accueilli pendant ces trois ans au sein de lunité Amélioration Génétique et Physiologie Forestière. Je remercie aussi les membres du jury M. Yves BARRIERE, M. Daniel PRAT, M. Stéphane MAURY, Mme. Maryse BRANCOURT et M. Jean François RAMI davoir accepté de juger ce travail de thèse. Je remercie le projet FUTUROL pour mavoir financé cette thèse et pour lorganisation des échanges entre les différents partenaires du projet. Je remercie M. Jean Tayeb coordinateur du projet FUTUROL et M. Jean Charles Bastien (coordinateur du projet FURUROL au sein dUAGPF), qui ma accordé sa confiance pour cette thèse. Merci Jean Charles pour tes conseils et de ta bonne humeur (on a tué le virus) Je tiens à remercier également les personnes qui ont participé aux deux comités de thèse organisés en fin de première et deuxième année et que leurs conseils et recommandations mont permis dêtre efficace au cours de ces trois années. Pour le 1er comité de thèse, je remercie, Dominique Brunel, Camille Lepoittevin, Patricia Faivre Rampant, Jean Charles Bastien, Kevin Ader, Gilles Pilate, Anabelle Déjardin et Vanina Guérin Pour le 2ème comité de thèse, je remercie Jean-Guy Berrin, Maryse Brancourt, Camille Lepoittevin, Patricia Faivre- Rampant, Gilles Pilate, Jean-Charles Leplé, Hélène Muranty, Annabelle Dejardin, Jean-Charles Bastien, Jean-Paul Charpentier, Vanina Guérin et Phillipe label. Ce travail de thèse ne pourrait être accompli sans la contribution de trois personnes : Tout ce que je vais dire ne saura exprimer ma gratitude et mon respect profond à vous trois : Véronique, Catherine, Vincent, le trio VCV (Validation de la Cross Validation) Ce trio a su être à la hauteur durant ces trois ans sur le côté scientifique, professionnel et humain. Vous mavez aidé jusquau bout pour surmonter les difficultés et aboutir à lécriture de cette thèse (vous avez su assembler les QTL à effet faible des idées pour en faire quun QTL à effet fort didées rangées). Je vous remercie. Le trio de choc : Catherine, tu mas appris la rigueur, malgré ton emploi de temps ministériel et tes obligations familiales (désolé Mathilde) tu étais là à mécouter, à mexpliquer, à échanger et à maider à aboutir à ce travail. Cest le fruit de ton enseignement et de ta patiente. Véronique, si je suis là en train décrire ces lignes, cest grâce à toi. Tu mas appris la progression. Cest toi qui ma initié aux cartes génétiques et aux QTL, tu mas appris plein de choses Vincent, tu mas appris le challenge, ni « R » ni la génétique dassociation nont pas de secrets à te cacher, merci pour tout, on aura le temps pour discuter encore et Cette thèse a été fertile à tous les niveaux, science et enfants. Bienvenue à Armel, Zoé et Firdaws que je souhaite quils réussiront dans leurs vies futures et satisferont leurs parents Un grand merci aux gens qui ont contribué au phénotypage et au génotypage : Les composantes chimiques du bois : Le plateau Génobois : Jean Paul Charpentier (merci pour tes explications et ta disponibilité), Nathalie Boizot (merci pour les raisins), Baptiste Favard, Flora Liégeois, Lucie Vernaux, Maxime Benardeau, Mathieu Migeon et Kevin Ader (merci pour le foot) Le potentiel de saccharification Je remercie également Jean Guy Berrin et David Navarro (les marseillais), les échanges avec vous étaient forts intéressants. Phénotypage de la résistance Patrick Poursat, Jean Gauvin, Virginie Dievart, José Almeida, Ludovic Pasquier, Daniel Lacan et Catherine Bastien. Génotypage : Vanina Guérin, Corinne Buret (jai failli tué ton poisson ! désolé!), Marie Claudes Lesage Descauses, Emanuelle Magnoux, Marine Herbert, Baptiste Favard et Flora Liégeois. Je remercie mes collègues de lunité qui ont rendu ce long séjour très agréable à leur côté. Je commence par mes collègues de bureau avec qui jai partagé de bons moments, Isabelle bourgait (ton trèfle à quatre feuilles ma porté chance), Nelly (merci pour les annotation v1.0, v2.0), Christelle Alluome, Johanne, Christelle Apha (merci beaucoup, Firdaws a failli naitre le même jour mais ), Elome, Sin yu (chenille), Marine (merci pour le livre que tu mas offert) Merci aux thésards : Julien (Biblio TCR, félicitation pour ton futur bébé !), Alexandre et Maxime (Tennis), Wassim (course) et Justine. Bon courage à vous tous pour la dernière ligne droite. Merci aux anciens thésards : Sylvain et Régis (Foot). Je souhaite aussi une bonne chance et une longue carrière pour les post-doctorants Jonathan, Nicolas et Delphine. Merci aux collègues de table : Odile (Bienvenue à Orléans), Caroline (cest fini les gels !), Philippe (le rythme des 100 m pour une distance du marathon vient de finir), Fernanda (jai découvert le Brésil sans y voyager, bon courage pour la suite), Lynda et Layla (coucou les algériennes) Merci aux autres membres de lunité : Patricia et Brigitte (efficacité administrative), Jean-Charles (pour les annotations), Gilles (conseils lors des comités de thèse et des présentations internes), Anabelle (une petite pensée à toi), Christian, Caroline, Philippe, Marie Anne (ta connaissance des oiseaux mimpressionne), Nathalie (merci pour les raisins), Frédérique (merci pour ton livre), Marc (Ton Saint Genix était superbe, merci pour le matériel et pour le partage de tes connaissances), Guillaume et Céline (pour la biblio TCR et TtCR), Franck et Karine (pour la bibliographie, leur bonne humeur, leur efficacité et leur disponibilité) Je remercie également une personne qui a cru en moi et qui ma donné envie de continuer dans la recherche Cest Dominique Brunel, grâce à toi, je serais Docteur. Et je noublie pas de remercier une personne en particulier qui a suivi ce travail de thèse de près et qui a été derrière mon arrivée à Orléans, cest Patricia Faivre R, merci. Jai surement raté quelquun, je mexcuse et je dis Merci à toute personne qui a contribué de proche ou de loin pour que ce travail se fasse en de très bonnes conditions Merci à ma femme. Merci à toi Ikram de mavoir supporté pendant ces trois ans, je suis enfin arrivé jusquau bout, grâce à ton aide et ton soutien. Maintenant, jaurai plus de temps pour moccuper de vous. Merci à mes frères, à mon frère Mourad et à mes parents qui mont toujours poussé à faire cette thèse, je vous dois tout et je ne peux quexprimer mon humilité devant tout ce que vous avez sacrifié pour moi Merci à sidi Mustapha Bassir et son épouse Mi Alhajja, ils seraient sans doute très contents sils étaient encore en vie ! LISTE DES PRINCIPALES ABRÉVIATIONS ................................................................................................. 1 LISTE DES TABLEAUX ET FIGURES .......................................................................................................... 2 PRÉAMBULE .................................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPITRE I : COMMENT LA CRÉATION VARIÉTALE CHEZ LE PEUPLIER PEUT-ELLE RÉPONDRE À DES BESOINS ACCRUS EN RESSOURCE LIGNO-CELLULOSIQUE DÉDIÉE À LA PRODUCTION DE BIOCARBURANTS ? ............................................................................................................................
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