3596 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~ HOUSE February 29 or will not, be stopped until our tariffs production plants behind the low-wage Senate had passed. the folowing resolu­ are radically reduced," is denied by Mr. curtain and furnish the low-wage stand­ tion, Senate Resolution 221: Vaucher. Mr. Vaucher goes on to say, ard-of.:.living countries of the world, and Resolved, That the Senate has heard with "from a realistic .viewpoint, however, one -import the product into the United profound sorrow ..and deep regret the an­ must recognize, as do the United States States under free trade or a very low duty nouncement of the death of Honorable HAR­ Customs officials, the fact that smuggling to sell in conjunction with their domestic LEY M. KILGORE, late a Senator from the State has significantly increased within the product. of West Virginia. . past year and a half. This, we believe, Resolved, That' a committee be appointed by the President of the Senate, who shall be occurred primarily as a result of the ADJOURNMENT sharp increase in watch tariffs which a member of said committee, to attend the The PRESIDING OFFICER. What is funeral of the deceased Senator. stimulated smuggling activity because it Resolved, That the Secretary communicate increased the opportunities for illicit the pleasure of the Senate? these resolutions to the House of Repre­ gain for people who are by nature in­ Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, in sentatives and transmit a copy thereof to the clined to take- advantage of such oppor­ ' accordance with the order previously en­ family of the deceased. tunities,'' but 'denies that the "United tered; I move that the Senate stand in Resolved, That, as a further- mark of re­ States Department of State complained adjournment until 12 o'clock noon to­ spect to the memory of the deceased, the of the Swiss Federation .of Watch Manu• morrow. Senate, at the conclusion of its business facturers concerning the extent of . The motion was agreed to; and (at 6 today, do adjo~rn. watch smuggling into the United States," o'clo~k and 2.3 ~inutes p. m.) ,the Senate and also ·says, "the Swiss Federation of adjourned, the adjournment being, under Watch Manufacturers has never said, the order previously entered, 'until to­ RECESS or implied, that our rigid enforcement morrow, Thursday, March 1, 1956, at 12 o'clock meridian• The SPEAKER pro tempore. The .of the antismuggling measures is condi­ Chair wishes to announce at this time tional upon the willingness of the United that unanimous-consent requests will States to reduce tariffs." Mr. Vaucher NOMINATIONS not be entertained until after the joint goes on to say that "a large proportion meeting is concluded, at which time the of it originates in countries outside of Executive nominations received by the Chair will receive unanimous-consent the borders of Switzerland, and is there­ Senate February 29, 1956: requests. . .fore completely. beyond our control." DEPARTMENT OF STATE The House stands in recess subject to It Mr.. President. · is recognized . that Robert C. Hill; of New Hampshire, to be the call of the Chair. · the watches do reach the United States an Assistant Secretary of State, vice Thrus­ Accordingly res- pagan world. It-was a peaceful one since quent use of the Atli;tntic Council .. · sion of the gratitude of tlie Italian· peo- it taught to men not to kill but to die for In this way we would accomplish the - .' ple for the stiiking proofs of solidarity their faith. [Applause.] · purpose of making more fruitful and wfiich you gave us, at considerable sacri- Against this ferment which is spread­ timely the exchanges of views between fice for all sections of your people, when, ing among· the people of all continents, the various members, ·giving to them a after the .war; Italy had to rebuild from · we can safeguard our ancient civilization fuller sense of responsibility and at the the ashes of a painful past her political, only through an effort that will unfold same time a recognition of the value 'of economic, and social life. This bond of and display its fuller meaning. We have theil;' contribution to the common cause. gratitude cannot be forgotten, and my to make our democratic system more and Within the framework of the· NATO visit is meant as a reaffirmation of it. more capable of accomplishing an effec­ pact one might consider, dispassionately, CApplause.] tive reconciliation between the authority the possibility of bringing at last life But a friendship between two nations, of the state and individual freedom. We into the spirit of article 2, which right as that between two persons, cannot be haye to reinforce the solidarity of the from the beginning was meant to give nurtured with sentiments ·and · remem- people who share those ideals .and are to the military 'pact th~ wider and deeper brances only. To keep it alive and vital, striving. to fulfill their ends. This soli­ connotation of a community of peoples. such friendship must draw nourishment darity exists, since the day of the signa­ I cannot fail to my duty of emphasiz.­ from an intimate mutual knowledge and . ture of· the Atlantic Pact among many ing ~hat the reorganization of the West­ a steady cooperation of purpose and Western nations, including the United ern World is the central problem of the action. · States and Canada. day, which should be faced without Consequently, I shall ~ttempt to focus . The Atlantic Pact, as conceived and delay. [Applause.] your attention, ·albeit briefly, on the pres- operated thus far, was appropriate and It is clear that the solution of these ent position of Italy, her major problems, ·sufficient so long as there was the fear problems is not only an American re- ·and o'n the evaluation ·tliat we in Italy of imminent armed aggression, int~nsi­ sponsibility. _ . make of current international develop- -:fied by an imbalance of strength between Th~ . European nations of. Strasbourg ments. If I shall succeed in this· task, the two sides. It is a historical truth · must contribute their share, . by' setting · the purpose of my visit 'will be, in my that, the pact "removed 'that danger and into motion the process of integration. ''"' ' opinion, fully accomplished. ' created the·possibility of experimenting ., Our ol~ and restless Europe must find It should ·be recogru~ed that, 'despite · with attempts at solutions very different the way· to her spiritual and · political hopes· arid patient ·and generous' en- ' from those of the past. However, ·it unity ahd must pool together her re-· deavors, the world is not more secure to- should be brought into line with today's sources if she wants to take up again day than it was 1 or 2 years ago. In -realities, when the military imbalance her mission of civilization, which is true fact, we are going through a disquieting has been reduced and there have been so to her traditions and her history. phase of confusion in ideas and political many changes of situation in many parts The United Nations, with their great orientation.s, and consequently of greater of the world. organization, ought to give a more effec­ potential danger:. It is sufficient in this Military cooperation continues to be tive, continuous, impartial, and harmo­ context to look at North Africa and the very important today, but it should be nious content to their task, which is Middle East, and to listen perceptively supplemented with new and imaginative charged with so great political and to the rumblings which come from the forms of cooperation. This is necessary human significance. remainder of Asia. not only to move away from a climate I am convinced that in the new com­ It is true that, it would appear, we of emergency measures and to enter into petition of ideologies and economic as­ have moved from a war, a cold war but a phase characterized by more complex sistance we cannot hope for the success still a war, to a more peaceful competi- and permanent arrangements, but chiefly of our democratic conception u'nless this tion, which impinges strongly upon the because we all realize that no person, gives concrete and factual evidence of specific interests of each people, such as nation, or group of nations can consider its superiority ·by bringing to bear the the development of national independ._ without anxiety and anguish the· pros- willpower and the mean.s which, through 3598 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE February 2_9 appropriate action, can_ remove injus­ of alleged WQ.Ste · or faulty utilization interest in profitable and secure jo.int tice and positions of inferiority within .of the aid received. There ~ay pave ventures or ether participations. [Ap­ each national structure and interna­ been mistakes. · But is there any ,respon­ plause. J. In many countries and pJ;o.b­ tionally. [Applause.] sible person in this country, so imbued ably also in yours, there are people \\'.ho Italy wants to participate-within the with practical sense and experience, who haye~ conventional picture of the Italian limitations set by her resources and to can say that there is anywhere in the economy, based on stereotypes such as the full extent of her commitments-to world a government or agency whose the hopeless lack of natural resources, this work of redemption. management is free from error? the inability of the .Government to col­ Italy has already contributed with full In the overall picture of a national lect taxes from its citizens and to inan­ loyalty to the common cause. Italy asks econom~ the important thing is not ~ge its financial affairs competently, the that her contribution should not be ap­ whether an individual item of account­ alleged deficiencies of its vocational edu­ praised only with· reference to her par­ ing closes in the black or in the r.ed, ca_tion. Thi~ pictµre is eit;h.er inaccurate ticipation in the Atlantic Pact and to the but whether · the whole operation closes or obsolete. This may be due to the fact financial effort accomplished, with the with a surplus or a deficit. that many people, well meaning and well friendly help of the American adminis­ The 10-year period which has just disposed, but with only a few days ori tration and Congress, in order to dis­ ended for the Italian economy closed with their hands, are attempting to do in 2 charge faithfully the commitments de- a large plus balance. Consequently this or 3 days what, even for the study of a riving from NATO. . . Congress can tell the American people single firm or plant, would require weeks I know that our :financial effort has with satisfaction that the aid given to of work by an expert American auditor appeared . to some observers as insuffi­ Italy was not an .unproductive expendi­ !nterested in scratching below the sur­ cient or lukewarm, or imperfectly ture. [Applause.] face of things. planned at the technical level. · It is not my intention to bother you Our natural resources are growing. Permit me. howev.er,.to point out that in with figures; yet a few of them may be The discovery of large amounts of nat­ this subject one relies too frequently on quoted to substantiate my statements. ural gas has permitted extensive prac­ hasty reactions. Actually- there is little (a) Industrial production increased tical applications to industry and science. ~ustification for some of the comments five times since 1945, while agricultural Pretty soon oil will become one of our which are made occasionally and which production doubled. inost important productive resources. would seem to throw an adverse light (b) Pro-capital income and consump­ Taxes absorb a very high percentage upon.our determination to maintain our tion increased by more than 50 percent of o:ur national income, especially if one armed forces at the highest level of with respect to 1947. considers that the average income is very strength and efficiency consistent with low. our resources. For instance, there is lit­ (c) The productive capacity of Ital­ Vocati_onal schools, which are being ex­ tle meaning . in .a mere comparison of ian industry doubled since 1947. De­ panded and better organized, are in­ the percentages of gross national income fense produc.tron is now every close to creasing and improving the productivity allocated to defense in the various. coun­ the levels required by NATO. of om; labor. You can draw yourselves a tries: 11 percent in the United States, Therefore my country has made great picture of this change by comparing the 10 percent in the United Kingdom, 8 strides, and if one looks back this is skills of earlier Italian immigrants with percent in France, against 5 percent in not to indulge in pride and self-satis­ those of the more recent ones, who are Italy. faction for what has been accomplished better qualifled and prepared. · Such comparison does not take into but to survey the long road which is still In conclusion we have in Italy the es­ .account the differences in total· and per ahead of us, and what remains to be sential prerequisites for a steady and bal­ capita national income. in each coun... accomplished. . anced. development of our economy. The try, and actually distorts the facts, as it All of us in Italy, government, the ma­ program outlined by the late lamented can be seen when one considers that the jor parties and all responsible persons Minister Ez!o Vanoni aimed at that pur.:. income of an American family, in real, know, as you know, that we have still a -pose, and it remains valid also today, actual terms, represents the income of 5 Jarge pool of chronic unemployment, with som~ c<;>r~ections suggested by ex­ or .perhaps 6 Italian families. Because as it transpires from the statistics. We perience. Italy's great need is that, of their low level of income, our people · know that much has been done for south­ through mutual agreements at the inter:. have to cut deeply into their resources, ern Italy but that there is still an un­ national level, closer economic coopera­ fore going essential needs, in order to fair and excessive gap in individual in.,. tion be -removed from the stra-to-sphere of .bear the 'financial burden of defense. :Come between north and south. We science and hfgh pri~iples~ and brought ·[Applause.] know that ~e must complete the land down to earth. But the most significant and sub­ reform undertaken with notable success, Economic cooperation, in an age like .stantive Italian contribution to the com­ and which has also a function of moral, ours, ts not a burden or a mere act of mon cause is that of having strengthened 'social, and consequently political reha­ generosity from one country to another.. its internal structure, having restored bilitation. It is a policy-consonant with the ·interest :democratic institutions and., with them, · We are aware of the fact that our hous­ .of each and all -concerned. the authority of the state,. having over­ ing problem,- while of varying dimensions A poor country or a country beset with come the disruptive economic and social -in different regions and cities, is still ·with difficulties and uncertainties is a effects that are typical of all postwar pe­ serious, also because of its human and danger to all others, on both counts. that riods, having increased all-round. pro­ political implications . . is domestic weakness and inability to pro­ duction, .and having improved the liv­ . I am not telling you this to ask yoµr tect itself _against external dangers. I ing conditions of the working classes, help or to suggest that you continue a can say that no people, e_ven the richest especially in southern Italy. . Owing to policy of aid which we consider rightly in res:ources and creative power, can be -the depressed conditions of many areas closed by you. · durably prosperous if there are many na=­ of the Italian economy, this effort has Italy can be compared to a working .tions which are unhappy and restless be­ been, as it had to be, much more. con­ concern, well under way, which, how• cause of the hardships of poverty and siderable than the one accomplished in ever, has inadequate capital resources, starvation, of the burden of injustice, and order to strengthen our _defensive mili­ falling short_of. what would be required because of the uncertainty of their im­ tary posture within NATO. Your ad­ to expand its physical plant and to im­ mediate future. ministration and you, gentlemen of the prove its organization and ·its equip­ The wonderful development of the Congress, have given us invaluable help ment. United states, at which the world looks in this reconstruction, with wisdom, Consequently, Italy does not hope and with admiration ·and astonishment, has imagination, and great generosity, de­ does not ask sacrifices from others and become even greater since this country spite the great sacrifices entailed for free advantages· for her. On the con­ discarded its isolationist state of mind. the American taxpayer. No one·in Italy trary, she is anxious to be considered in From that point on, you have placed will ever forget this solidarity, which we the same light of a customer of good yourselves in the very heart "of world appreciated also for its idealistic sig­ moral and financial standing who gets events, and have become the determining nificance. in touch with a bank, applying for loans factor of world history. I know that from· certain quarters at favorable· terms, or approaching a It is therefore in the name ov·a mutual there has been some criti_cism because financial institution in order to enlist its interest that I appeal here to you for 1956 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD - HOUSE 3599 closer and uninterrupted cooperation, AFTER RECESS DECISION OF PRESIDENT carried on in a spirit of mutual trust and The recess having expired, the House EISENHOWER faith. was called to order by the Speaker pro Mr MARTIN Mr s k I k Spirit of faith is the basic element · · · pea er, as which I would like to mention in closing tempore at 2 o'clock and 30 minutes p. m. unani·mous consent to a ddress the H ouse these words of mine. Without faith, for 1 minute. there could be no meetings of the mind PROCEEDINGS HAD DURING RECESS The SPEAKER. Is there objection to and no true·cooperation. the request of . the gentleman from Italy can be trusted, because of the Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask Massachusetts. capacity and willingness to work of their unanimous consent that the proceedings There was no objection. had during the recess of the House be M MARTIN M k managers, technicia~, and labor, and printed in the RECORD. r. . r. Spea er, I am de- also .be?ause of her faithfulnes~ to ~emo- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there lighted with the decision of President cratic ideals and firm de.termmat10~ to objection to the request of the gentle- Eisenhower. I am sure I voice the senti- ' defend and expand their accompllsh.- · man 'from Oklahoma? , . . men ts.of everyone on the R.e,Publican side ments...... of the House. · Our 'destiny-as individuals., in our fam- There w~s n? ?!JJ.en m spite ,()f ~er me;ri bemg mvol"'! "' M:r. DONDERO M s · k · · I · k · . · . · · ' untarily drawn mto the infamous' and .. · . · r. pea er, as . who are already strong, unles.s it means Dli 1 A 1 11' d . W ld W - · unammous consent to address the House to every m~m ·and woman fre.edom I~om ¥I b~ i'he ~a~!ti~a~f:tat~~i~ussi~ni, a~J for 1 minute and to revise and extend the hardships of poverty and starvation. . 't f th f t th t It t d th my remarks. . . - · 1 - · t t d th. h m spi e o e ac a a 1 y o ay. as e . . _ My: peop e wan o succee , . ro~g United States, ·has become a target 'for ·· · The SPEAKER. . Is th~re · obje'ction to ~~ a~t~o:q ~ased c.m pro.~ress an.d J, u~t,~ce, sinister Communist infiltration and agi..; " th~ ~eques~ :of the gentleman from m brmgmg about a. friendly disposition tation in vital sections of her govern- Michigan? toward .the autho.r~ty of the state on ment and economy. There was no objection. the part of certam ~arg~ segments of It is fo r;tunate indeed for Italy and Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker, due to o.ur people who a:re still diffident 0 ~ ho.s- her population that she has as her Presi- the una~oidable absence of the gentle­ tile to it. I;ti this way the authority of dent such a capable and wise man iri man from Michigan [Mr. WOLCOTT], the the state :wi~l ~e strengthened through Giovanni Gronchi. Since his 8 months dean of the Michigan delegation, it be­ the self-di~ciplme of the people. in office he has made notable progress in comes my sad duty to announce to the Mr. President, Mr: Speaker, gentle~en making the office of President more than House the ·passing of a former Member of the. Congress, this is the Italy. which the traditional ceremonial one and has, of this body, the Honorable Howard Al­ today.is before you, as a mem~er m good through action and keen oratory, taken dridge Coffin, from Michigan, who died standmg of the ~-reat fa?tily of the active part and leadership in influencing last night.- Mr. Coffin was a very active western d~n_ipcracies. [Applause, the the operation of the Government. Pres- citizen in the city of Detroit. He took Member~ rismg.J . . ident Gronchi has taken good advantage part in most civic affairs in that metro- At 1 o clock and ~'2 mmutes P. m., His of the full powers of his position and politan area, and in movements· that Exc~llency the PreSJ.d~nt of Italy, accom- can speak authoritatively on subjects were for the bette~ment of the com­ p~med by the committee of escort,_re- ranging from civil rights to foreign pol- mun.ity and the people. tired from the Chamber. .. . . icy. In short, ·he· has made his office : Mr. Coffin was born on June 11, 1877, in The Doorkeeper. escorte~ the· mvited count for more in Italian nationarlife. Middleboro, Mass. He was a graduate of ?uests from the Chamber m the follow~ President Groncbi's experience in Brown University in 1901. He was a mg order: government and state matters make him business ·executive. And, to show the The members of the President's Cab- eminep.tly qualified for tpe high and re- amount of interest that he took in public inet. spected position he now holds. He has 'and civic affairs, here is ·a · short list of The Ambassadors, Ministers, and distinguished himself as a member of the things that he was engaged in and Charges d'Affaires of foreign govern- the Parliament, a partisan leader during did active work in: ments. German occupation'. Minister of Indus- He was comptroller of the warren Mo­ try under De Gasperi, and more la~~ly as tor Car Co., of Detroit, from 1911 to 1913; JOINT MEETING DISSOLVED Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies._ Manager of the Firestone Tire & Rub- . . . I am pleased at the warm r~ception ber Co. from 1913 to 1918. The SPEAKER pro tempore. .The pur­ given by the people of America and · .' · pose of the joint ·meeting of the two Members of our congress to Mr. Gronchi, _Secretary of the Detr~it Pressed Steel Houses of Congress having been accom­ the first Italian President to visit the Corp.,. from 1918 to 19~1, . plished, the joint meeting is hereby dis· United states. He has helped us to nur- . Assistant to the president of the Cadil· solved. ture the ·strong bonds of friendship be- lac Motor Car Co. from 1921 to 1925; Thereupon er­ from 1947 to 1948. leader and I am sure that ·his dedicatien ~ons who are today practically without In the passing of Mr. Coffin I have lost to his· country, party, and its principles any assistance. Certainly a nativn that a personal friend and this Nation has lost was a deep source of inspiration to his can afford to spend more than $!> billion a very useful, a very prominent, and a wife, who is now a Republican National each year in aiding the development of very illustrious man. We extend, and I Committeewoman from the District of foreign nations, and raising the standard am sure the Members of the House join Columbia. To Mrs. Coffin and to the of living throughout the world, can afford me, in extending to his widow and the family the Honorable Mr. Coffin leaves to take care of its own. Furthermore, members of his family our sincere sym­ behind, we extend our heartfelt sympa­ I feel that the purpose of this amend­ pathy in the hour of their sorrow. May thies. ment is good government, good eco­ an unfaltering faith sustain them as it Mr. McGREGOR. Mr. Speaker, the nomics and humane justice to that seg­ must sustain all of us some day when passing of our former colleague, Howard ~ent of our population which has bene­ the shadows fall across the pathway of A. Coffin, leaves us shocked and saddened fited least .in a monetary way from the life. beyond expression. It was my privilege tremendous growth and increase of Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to become well acquainted with Howard wealth that have occurred in our great that all Members who so desire may ex­ Coffin. His courage was unquestioned, Nation. tend their remarks on the passing of Mr. his integrity was unassailable, and his Coffin at this point in the RECORD. energy was amazing. Greed for power The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there never goaded him and there was no A BIPARTISAN PROGRAM TO MOD­ objection to the request of the gentleman scheming and no conniving in his make­ ERNIZE OUR OBSOLETE ELECTION up. He would not compromise with CODE from Michigan? wrong nor waiver on a principle. There was no objection. Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ Mr. MACK of Washington. Mr. To his wife and family we extend our imous consent to address the House for Speaker, Mr. DoNDERo's announcement sincere condolences. They have lest a 1 minute and to revise and extend my a few moments ago that -Howard Coffin loving husband and father, the country remarks. is dead caused -me tO experience a real has lost a great American . and I have The SPEAKER. Is there objection to and deep sense of personal loss·. · lost a true and loyal friend. the request of the gentleman from Throughout the 80th Congress, Arizona? - Howard Coffin and I sat next to one INCREASE THE AMOUNTS PAID TO There was no objectiD-n. another on the important House Com­ THOSE RECEIVING OLD-AGE AS­ Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker,.in our fast. mittee on Public Works. I came to know moving society what could symbolize the him well and the better I knew him the SISTANCE out-of-d.ate more than, say, a 192.5 model better I liked him and the more I came Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, I ask automobile'? to appreciate his sterling qualities of unanimous consent to address the House . Yet, astounding as it may seem, the mind and character. for l minute and t0r revise and extend law regulating the election. of Members . Howard Coffin's sense of. humor was my remarks. of Congress. predates the radio-television immense and charming, but also he had The SPEAKERr Is there objection to era and ..h~s .not .been altered since it a keen, analytical, practical mfnd that the request of the gentleman from Cali­ was enacted in 1925. bit through to the heart of every prob­ fornia? Indeed; our 1925 model Corrupt Prac­ lem. He made you laugh and at the There was no objection. tices.. Act features the absurd provision same time he made you think, too. . Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, I ·that .a candidate for United States. Rep.:. Howard Coffin's long business experi­ have introduced a bill to amend title I resentative may nat sp.end more than ence and fine mind made him a. great of the Social Secm·ity Act to increase .$5,000 in a campaign. Is it any wonder asset to the House Public Works Com­ the amount payable thereunder by the that candidates resort to .the special mittee and the Congress. He con­ Federal Government to States having committee device to legally evade this tributed much during his 2 years in Con­ approved plans for old-age assistance. ridiculous requirement? Or that public gress to almost every piece of legislation My purpose in introducing this bill is to confidence in politicians and our Ameri­ that came before him for study. call attention to the Members of this can political system falters at times? · Howard Coffin will be missed by all House the fact that an amendment to I am convinceUda:tect-returns showing noble souls,- Mr. Speaker, the benefits of· election bill can be successful unless it - who got their gifts. That should provide a my bill, H. R. 28!18- are directed. has the sympathetic --:unders-tanding· of· ready Jndex_to any major _e~q~t to influence · H. R. 2878 makes available, as men- - , votes through the.lavish distrib.ution of- cam- ·memb ers o f b 0 th parti es.~ paign contributions.. '¥ester.day's. evidence= tioned above, modern, cheerful, single Mr. Speaker, I have toda:r introduced before· the George committee to the effect unit quarters for the lonely and the - a bill identical with S. 3308. I do not tliat- Lobbyist Neff attemp_ted to reach the needy, Heaven, -we are told, is a bit slow agree with all of the details of this legis-· Senators of 5 Startes in. . connection with in coming to some, especially to those lation, ·but it embodies the pith and sub- the na-tural gas; bill emphasizes--the wisdom of who live. into their seventies, eighties,, stance of H. R. 3139 which has already this provision. By -contrast, contributions and nineties. H-. R. 2878, I believe, gives been considered by, the Subcommittee on, of $10Q or less wou::.d not n_eed to be. _reported. them sooner a. little of that heaven on Elections of the Committee on House- Some provisions of the .new- bill are ad­ earth. Adminis-tration, and I believe that this- mittedly experimental, but with its stress oh acc·urate and! comprehensive reporting, it­ Then there are the young and the committee should give immediate scru-, offers enarmou'S advantages ove.r the present middle aged; single, who, ·for reasons· tiny to this promising bipartisan law. beyond their control, will stay single measure. and in need the . balance of their lives I hope· Members from both sides of the. This. bill seeks to accommodate them too.­ aisle will join with me in c.osP-Onsoring . SPECIAL ORDERVACATED In each case; the need must be evident.· tb~s urgently needed legislation so th-at Mrr HOLIFIELD. Mr ~ .Sp.eaker, I ask This. is not a bill to promote celibacy ~he House will not lag behind in .this­ unanimous consentthat-thespecial order with a freer ride to those of able bodies impo:rtant. project. I have for today may be vacated and that and sound minds in less expensive ·living, And as food for thought, l present. i be granted permission to address the quarters. There must be a need, Mr. an excellent editorial discussing the bi­ House for 60 mi:nutes. en tomorrow, fol­ Speaker and it must be judged a need :partisan approach which appeared in. lowing the legislative program and any· for .one to qualify for accommodation the Washington Post and Times Herald special orders heretofore agreed to: under H. R. 2878. this morning: The SPEAKER pro tempore. With­ A. survey of. the pro.blem this bill LIMITED CAMPAIGN. SPENDING· out objection, it is so ordered. H. R. 2878 confronts has been made. The emphasis on full reporting of political' There was ne ebjection. in four States, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, contributions in the Johnson-Knowland· New York, and Connecticut. Under­ l).onest elections bill introduced y,esterday is leave to extend my remarks, I include unquestionably . a major step forward., ~ r R. 2878: ADMISSION OF NEEDY now background data culled from the Truthful accemnting for campaign _receipts Sl'~GLE PERSONS TO FEDERALLY­ surveys- of the ·four-States and a copy of and expendituFes is the largest single need in­ the bill, H. R. 2878, for the- RECORD: ex.posing and eliminating unsavory intl:nence. ASSISTED LOW-RENT HOUSING This salutary effort, and the provisions cov"". PROJECTS MAYOR'S REPORT ON SURVEY ·To DETERMINE" NEED FOR AMENDING FEDERAL PUBLIC Hous­ ering broadcast time for major candidates I and permitting income-tax deduction of Mr. SIEMINSKI. Mr. Speaker, ask ING LEGl SLATION TO BENEFIT SINGLE ELD­ :political contributions up to $100, far out­ unanimeus consent to address the House ERLY SENIOR CITIZENS weigh the minor defects in the bill. for 1 minute, to revise and extend my The present public housing law specifies. Among the questions of detail likely to be­ remarks, and to include extraneous that only "families composed of two or more. raised is. whether the proposed limitations Oil-' matter. persons related by blood, marriage or adop­ campaign spending are themselves realistic. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ifion" may be admitted for occupancy in pub­ By .comparison. with the obsolete. limits ill' the request of the gentleman from New lic housing projects. It will be noted that the pr~sent law the new figures a-re un­ if a family is reduced to a single person by doubtedry- generous. To some they may Jersey? · reason of. death. or marriage that persons' seem excessive. ·But it must be remembered There was na objection. cannot be evicted under the law. Accord­ that the pres-ent law has never been effective. . Mr. ,SIEMINSKI. Mr. Speaker, it is. ingly, many housing ·projects are in the It has restricted the spending of each can­ my hope that the Committee on Bank­ unique situation where many ·persons reside didate and political committee without any ing and Currency will soon act favorably in Federal-aided publfc housing alone, while control what.ever. over the number of such on H. R. 2878, introduced by me in the single persons are denied admission at ini­ committees that may be set up in behallf of a tial occupancy. Needless to say, this. con­ 1st session of thP 84th Congress on Jan­ dition causes confusion in the minds of single candidate. The new bill is an attempt uary, 24, 1955.. · - to close. this loophole,. t01 requir.e .the report-. many persons but the law itself~ in my opin­ fog of all contributions for each candidate. H. R. 2878 is solid legislation. The. ion, imposes a hardship on many otherwise by ·a single agency: If it works out that way, need for it is great. It authorizes the qualified single ci_tizens who, in most cases~ some of the limits it would impose may prove Public Housing Commissioner to enter are in the economic category for which public. to be too low rather than too high. into agreements with local public hous­ housing was primarily built. The present limit on spending by sena­ Nationwide concern has been expressed for ing authorities for the admission of the future of our single citizens and there. '!;orial candidateS' ranges fNm ·$10,000 -to single persons, in hardship cases, to fed­ $25,000, th& basic· me;as-uring stick being_ 3 has been much discussion throughout our cents per vote_. Under the Johnson-Know­ erally assiated low-rent housing projectsr country over their plight with regard to land bill the minimum limit imposed on . -H. R. 2878 will do much to accommo­ f!mployment and ho~ising. In Jersey Cit y, candidates in the smaller States is $75,000., date the aged. It will make their pen- approximately 35,000 persons or 12 percent- 3602 ·· CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~ HOUSE .. February 29 of the entire population is over 60 years of Watson, executive director, Atlantic City age (according to the 1950 United States Public· Question Housing Authority. census). Social security ofilcials estimate housing !---,-----,.-­ "Usually an old person, living alone, has Responding dwelling that this figure will rise to approximately units l 2 3 an income consisting only of social secu­ 17 percent by · 1960 based on population rity which makes ·it difilcult • • • to pay trends and longevity ta.bles. . I feel it rea­ for a 3- or 4-room apartment. The only N ew Jersey: . sonable to assum.e that this same situation Jersey City ______Ye·s_ other alternative is a furnished room. Cer­ 2,806 Yes. Yes. tainly ·they need assistance, specially since ·. wilh be paralleled by most other communi­ Garfield.- ~ ______. __ 150 ' 'Yes. No.'. Yes: ties in our country. New Brunswick ____ _ 449 Yes_ Y.es. Yes. most of them, to our knowledge, are women North Bergen ______172 No __ No __ Yes . Concern over this problem, particularly No __ and unable to find work because of their in the field of housing, has led me to cause Phillipsburg ______400 Yes. Yes. age."..:_Harry Pelio, secretary-treasurer, 'Gar­ Orange __ ------280 Yes. No_·_ No. an investigation by the city welfare depart­ Camden ______1, 935 Yes. No __ Yes. field Housing Authority. ment and by the·· Hudson County Welfare Guttenberg ______42 Yes. Yes. Yes. "The primary purpose of the program is to Board. · Hackensack------~--- 144 Yes . No .. Yes. provide low-rent housing for families. 'Aged, Vincent McDermott, acting director of the 695 Yes . Yes _ Yes. 71 No . . No .. (1) single persons can always manage to live. Jersey City Welfare Department, reports 385 ~~~~~;~---~~======Long Branch ____ ._ __. :_ . 860 Yes . No .. Yes .. cpmfortably somewhere and I sincerely can-· single elderly p~rsO.JlS on its rolls Who. WOuld Paterson ___ ------'- 1, 000 Yes . No .. Yes. not see where the community or-the individ-· be interested in and q~al~fied for public At!antic CitY----.- -;.- 1, 180 Yes . No . . Yes. '4al will . be benefited by allowing them to Prmceton ____ ~ __ ---·-- ' 6o · Yes. No ..: Yes. housing. The .Hudson County .. Welfare artment, and the. Federal Power Comniis­ be enacted to provide housing for people of River project it seems a fitting time tQ sion have all made statements urging water advanced years • • • any proposed housi~g bring to the attention of the Members development on the Clearwater, and plans should provide some supervision as to daily the importance of other multipurpose are well advanced. With' the Echo Park con.; checks in rooms, dormitories,. or other­ projects. troversy out of the way, conservatfonists are wise."-John. J._Kennedy, executive director, now turning to protect natural · resources Stratford Housing Authoi:ity. CITIZENS COMMITTEE ON NAT.URAL RESOURCES,_ from this new threat. They will need to act _ Wa-shing.fon, D. C., February 28., 1956.. swiftly to block the Bruces Eddy Dam in the H. R. 2878 present session of Congress. - A bin to authorize the Public Housing Com­ To Members of the Senate and the House of "Let me stress that this is not part of the missioner to enter inte agreements with Representatives: public versus private power controversy, nor Just as soon as we have the Echo Park con~ local public housing au~horities- for the is it an a.ttempt to prevent necessary flood troversy settled, the administration appears admission of single persons, i~ hardship control or power development. These needs cases, to federally assisted low-rent hous­ bent upon starting another one like it. But can be met without jeopardy to important ing ,projects if they insist on building dams on the Clear­ public values by intelligent use of other dam water River they will c.ertainly have the con... sites• in the Columbia Basin. The kind of ·_ .Be it> enactedr, etc., That section 15 of the servationists up in arms aga:in. short.-sighted planning that would allow-the United States Hou)>ing Act of 1937 ( 42 U. S. c :, . Conservationist& fia-ve been often accused .Cleal'water and Salmon: River Dams to be sec. 1415) is amended by adding at the end of unreasonable opposition to power and built can also lead to the building of Glacier thereof the following new subsection: - reclamation projects, when in fact, conser-: View Dam, which would inundate an im­ "(10) The Commissioner shall include vationists have urged alternative si.tes· or portant part of Glacier National Park. such,provisians in ,contracts :qiade pursuant projects to protect the nonrestorable benefits "No matter who builds on the accep.table to this act after the date of ena_ctment of of nature. The instant case is a classic dem­ this subsecti-0n, and he shaU negotiate with sites, whether public or private agencies .or a tmstration of what conservationists have combination of both, these sites shoUld 'be the public housing agencies involved such been urging again ·and again. . - modifications of previously exi'Sting contracts, fully utilized. It is up to the Nation's citi.: · The High Heils Canyon Dam would fully .zens ta..see that they are, and to require proof as may be necessary (.A) to per~it . sin_g~e develop a place ideal for power, water storage; that there are no alternatives before ccin­ :persons whose incomes do no.t ex?~~d a~pli­ etc-.; a place- t:l';1.at does not inv~de or destroy sid.ering irrevocable damage .to· o~r ·best ·cable maximum income limits to be admitted wilderness areas, parks, nor wildlife habitat. scenic and wildlife resources." to any low-rent housing P,roject in any Cft~e The administration has rejected this project'. ·where a duly authorized' official of the publ!C In its place -i& recommended a. project, ad­ housing agency involved determines that e~ mittedly inadequate because of this ~nder­ ceptional,circums.tances exist which_w.arra~t utilization, that wol;;.ld make other projects KICK THE. BUM OUT such admission,.and th.at such ad~~sion wi_ll necessal!'y, which in turn would damage se­ · Mr. TUMULTY. Mr. Speaker, I ask not prevent or-delay the admiss10n: of any verely wildlife arid ·scenic beauty. . ,eligible family. to the project, and (~) to Just prior to leaving for the North Ameri­ unanimous consent to address the House provide, for persons sa admitted,_ the same 'for 1 minute and to revise and extend conditions for continued occupancy as apply can Wildlife Conference in New Orleans, Dr, Ira N .. Gabr,i.elson gave_an explanation ~f ~~e my remarks. with respect to ~a1:llilY tenants:" · - conservationists' positlon, a copy of wh1c1i is . The SPEAKER. Is. there objection to attached. the request of the gentleman from New Sincerely, Jersey? PERSONAL EXPLANATION SPENCER M. SMITH, There was no objectfon. Mr. DENTON. Mr. Speaker, at the Secretary. Mr. TUMULTY. Mr. Speaker, I un .. time of rol-lcall No. lb on yesterday, Feb­ derstand that last night one of our major ruary 28, 1956, on House Resolution 311, CLEARWATER DAM. THREAT FORCES CONSERVA- television systems gave a program which granting a rule on the so-called Colorado TIONISTS- TO HIGH HELLS CANYON DAM was a farewell to ex-Dictator Peron, who River project, I was at the Pentagon · A major threat to important fish- and wild.­ left the United States-owned Washing­ Building with som~ industrialists of life resources of Idaho's Clearwater River., big tributary to the Snake· River-, has- for?ed ton Hotel in Panama, where-he -had had :Evansville, Ind., who were anxious to conservation leaders to ask for a reappl'aisal a three-room suite. procure contracts for Government de­ 6f the role of tbe controversial Hells Canyon I invite your attention to· the Chicago fense work. There is a serious unem­ dam site. This development was announced Daily News which carries a picture of his ployment situation in Evansville and I today· by l;)r. Ira N. Gabrielson, chairman of ·palatial residence, for him and his body• was trying to assist them· in order to the Citizens Committee on Natural Re~ guard. relieve the unemployment situation sources, a national conservation organization Mr. Speaker, I felt that my honor was there. As soon as the roUcall starte~, I with headquarters in Washington, D. C. left the Pentagon and attem:Qted to reach - "We are not concerned with the battle at stake. They referred to me anony­ between public versus private power inter­ mously, and said I was "one United the House ill time to vote on ~his reso~u­ tion.- However, the traffic was such that 'ests," Dr. Gabrielson stated. "But it is ap• States Congressman." I am here to re­ .parent that reduction in reservoir capacity ·assert my honor. I feel I should more -I was unable to reach the House in ti~e at the. Hells Canyon site is forcing power and to vote. 'properly be referred to in the plural and water interests to advoca.te high dams on I am going to serve notice on the TV If I had been present- at the time, I the Clearwater River, .where a disastrous ef­ would have voted "aye." network tnat I demand equal time, or in fect on fl.sh-and wi:ld1ife resources of national fact double time over their network; importance will needlessly result.·~ - The President's budget provides for a huge becaµse if a dict_ator can get any of their .dam at Bruces Eddy, on the.Clearwater, which 'time a free citiz.en is entitled. to twice CLE-4\.R;WATER ; DAM T~EAT as m~ch time to give a freeman's version FORCES CONSERVATIONISTS TO Joins the. Snake River downstream from ·the ,Hells Canyon site, Dr. Gabrielson pointed out. -0f why a dictator should have been HIGH HELLS CANYON DAM An. additional Clearw.ater dam is planned_at thrown_out ami should have ·been kept · Mrs. GREEN of Oregon. Mr. Speaker., 'Penny Cliffs with subsequent construction out. I hope the Republic of Panama I ask unanimous consent to-·. address ,the .planned -for the Salmon River, whieh Joins will see-that he gets out ·of there. Ther .~ 3604 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE February 29 should be no place in the. Western Hemi­ dividual. We should get busy. and get on to renewal thank God for his selfless- readi­ sphere for deposed dictators, who are it. There was one feature of it that was ness to carry the burdens of his great originally . controversial because of the be­ omce for yet another term. aspiring to get back to power. lief on the part of some conservationists we I said, "'Ilhrow the bum out." I say would destroy wildlife in one section of the now, "Keep the bum out." area. That dam, Echo Park Dam, has been eliminated. A REPUBLICAN CONGRESS I think their fears were groundless but it Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. WISCONSIN CHEESE WEEK . has been eliminated and removed, that par-: Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Mr. ZABLOCKI . . Mr. Speaker, I ask ticular bone of contention. So again I hope address the House for 1 minute and to unanimous consent to address the House that we can have positive action on that revise and extend my remarks. as rapidly as possible. for 1 minute and to revise and extend (The above is unedited and was dictated The SPEAKER. Is there objection to my remarks. over phone by press section at the White the request of the gentleman from The SPEAKER. Is there objection to House.) Michigan? the request of the gentleman from Wis­ There was no '°bjection. consin? Mr. HOFFMAN of ·Michigan. I will . There was no objection. . PRESIDENT ;EISENHOWER make it short, Mr. Speaker. So many . Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr: Speaker, for over Mr. HESELTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask have referred to the President's an­ a century, the great State of Wisconsin unanimous consent to address the House nouncement but they seem to have over­ has been know:P.. a:mong . other things, . for 1 minute. .. looked the fact that the President also for the unequaled excellence of its dairy The SPEAKER. Is there objection to said that he · wants a Republican Con­ products. the request of the gentleman from gress. As a candidate, I am heartily in The fame of Wisconsin milk, cheese, Massachusetts? accord with that. · and butter· has -spread throughout our There .was no objection. Nation, and even reached foreign lands. Mr. HESELTON. Mr. Speaker, this I am indeed proud and happy to note is a very happy day for the American COLORADO RIVER STORAGE that the story of America's Dairyland people. They have every good cause to PROJECT will be presented vividly in our Nation's rejoice not only because President Eisen ... Mr. ENGLE. Mr. Speaker, I move Capital during this week. It is this hower is willing to be a candidate for that the House resolve itself into the week that our State's dairy promotion reelection but because they know that Committee of ·the Whole House on the campaign has reached Washington. It his decision is based upon his own sin­ State of the Union for the further con­ will move into Washington's retail and cere conviction that he can do so with­ sideration of the bill ·use of the Budget asked; and I .can say to you that ficiaries, I believe they would like to have rapidly increasing population .in the United despite what some of the advocates of your opinion concerning. the possibility of States. What about tha-t argument for this bill say, some of you Members will r-epayment to the Treasury of the money brimging new irrigated land into cultivation? have it come back to haunt you because spent for power and irrigation. What is the Answer. Such a claim must be balanced the 23 other participating projects which formula proposed by the Interior Department against the fact that through technology are conditionally authorized will be au­ for repayment? increased production .can be and is being thorized in the final version and you Answer: It ls ~alled the Collbran formula. obtained from fewer acres. It will be very It proposes that the power features be paid many years, if ever, before such land 'RS is will never have a chance to get another off fiTSt, with interest, from the revenues proposed in this project -could be needed. look at them. from the sale of electricity. After those ex­ I would conclude that if Congress pro­ Another ph3.se of this bill that I would penditures ace liquidated, which it is esti­ poses to pay this immense -subsidy to bring like to have you consider is that .of mated will take about 50 years, the power tbis arid land into production, it should bringing a half million acres of land profits would be -used to pay off the costs of be done in the open. As it is, the subsidy under cultivation to produce crops al­ irrigation aspects of the plan. Suell repay­ is pretty well concealed by means of a re­ r.eady in surplus. ment, .if ever mad-e, would take considerably payment formula which is absolutely with­ I have heard some Members who are more than another half century. out validity. Question. What is your opinion about the in favor of this biU say that it will not practical prospects of .repayment? The Members who nave ·spoken to you come int.o production for a long time, Answer. According to the claims of the Bu­ in favor of this bili would have you be­ that it will perhaps be as .much as 27 reau of Reclamation and ·the congressional lieve that the various agencies and bu­ years before these projects come into sponsors of the project, the cashboxes from reaus .of the Government who have ex­ production. The advocates of this prnj­ which most of the repayment must come ~re amined it have approved it. The gentle­ ect had better get together with some power installations. i;he largest of which is man from New York [Mr. DONOVAN] -yes­ of the Members of the Senate who have Glen Canyon, near the Utah-Arizona border. terday endeavored to have his questions already voted upon this. I do not know On the basis of the figures submitted, only Glen Canyon could be justified as financially answered, :and it was. only with a great whether they felt that the people who feasible. Even if the revenues from that one deal of difflculty and with som'3 reluc­ were over on. this side were not inter­ tjam were as good as anticipated, they would tance on behalf of the proponents that ested in what was placed 'in the CON­ be entirely consumed in paying the deficits he was able to get any answers to his GRESSIONAL RECORD or whether or not we on the other"power cllams. That would leave questions. But 1 can say to you that the do not care,, or would swallow what nothing .at ·all .for thtl repaynient of the irri­ bill which has passed the other body, and somebody told to us. I have the greatest gation costs during the first BO-year period. the bill that was reported out of -0ur respect for .the Senator from New Mex­ The analysis presented by the Department committee to the House, and upon which ico, the former Secretary of Agriculture, was based upon a 50-year period, generally you are now being asked to vote, has considered to be the useful life of a project. Mr. ANDERSON, and I have not heard any• Such a period .may be too long is the light never been approved by the Bureau of body say that the statement which he of the future potentials of power production the Budget. The administration recom­ put in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD was from atomic energy and other sources. mended two storage units at Glen Can­ inaccurate. You will find that he placed Question. How then -could the costs of the yon and Ech'O .Park, and 11 participating in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a list of Irrigation aspects of the upper Colorado projects at an actual estimated eost of the 33 projects which will be authorized project be paid back to the Feder.al Govern­ $930 miiliun. The House bill authorizes under the Senate bill Ower revenues would ever be applied to the Gorge, Curecanti, and Navaho. In addi­ will come · into production in 8 years, 2 payment of irrigation costs in the upper tion, the letter which was received from 3::i 9; ~ in 10; 1 in 11; 1 in 13; 1 in 17; Colorado Basin. l: :submit that a proposal to the Bureau of the Budget stating the ad­ :and the last in 26 years. Of the 22 proj­ start payment after 50 years on a debt for ministration's views, recommended that any purpose is not worth the paper it is ~cts, included in the other seetion 15 will written on. · the leg!slation · provide authorization com~ into production. in 3 to 10 years; Meanwhile, because of the high construc­ of the 11 participating projects be .con­ 1 in.11 years; 1in12 years; 2 in 14 years; tion costs per acre of the irrigation works ditional and only .authorized on a new 1 in 15 years;· and 1 in 27 years. and the accumulating unpai-cl interest, the finding of favol"able economic justifica­ And then this remarkable factor that Federal subsidy would be enormous. Under tion and of financial feasibility under you have been told about by those in the ultraliber& construction -0f the recla­ ·specified financial requirements with re­ favor of this bill, the great diversifica­ niation law by the Dzpartment. .freedom ports submitted to the Congress on each tion of agriculture and how all these from ln.terest extends nC>t only through the project, ..and with the new studies .of 40 or 50 years beyond a development period, crops ~re going to be grown without cre­ but indefinit.ely·into the future. direct. agricultural benefits made jointly ating any surplus, that it will be .~evoted Something like -90 per.cent of th.e irriga.;, with the Department of Agriculture. to small crops, row crops, iruits. ·· vege­ tion costs (including interest) wou1d be In other words, even the study of di­ tables, and things of that cl;laracter. Federal ~ubs1dy. Besides, experience with rect b~neftt.s .aQ.out. :which you have The former Secretary of Agricufture put reclamation projects indicates that after 30 heard so much should be made jointly in a statement of just what is going to =years or so it is neeessary in a considerable not by just the Department of the ln- happen. He says there will be placed 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 3607 into production in new acreage 270,000 Members of Congress and bureaucrats anx­ Mr. SAYLOR. That ·is correct, de­ acres of land under that bill. The re­ ious to spend more and more tax dollars. fending suits for water and there is no The congressional committees that consid­ maining land is already being dry ered them are stacked with members from water there. farmed, but will be put under irrigation beneficiary States. In the case of the bill Mr. Chairman, I would like to call and . its crop production boosted sky­ which passed the Senate last year (S. 500), one other factor to the attention of the ward. He asked the Department of Agri• only one member came from east of the Mis­ members of the committee. That is, the culture to give him a report on what sissippi, and he represents a State paying a slightly inconsistent position which the could be grown if this actually comes relatively small percentage of the taxes in­ various Departments of Government under cultivation and this is what the volved. One might as well have a plaintiff have taken. We are now being asked to Department of Agriculture reported to pick the jury which would pass upon his claim. vote upon a bill which will bring into him: · 50,000 acres will be put in oats, · The other notable recommendation is that production according to the figures given 50,000 acres will be put in barley, 105,- while the old practice of charging water by the distinguished Senator from New 000 acres will be placed in alfalfa and us·ers on irrigation projects no interest on Mexico at least 270,000 acres of new 65,000 acres will be placed in irrigated the money advanced by the Federal Govern..; land.- The cost will ·be approximately' pasture. Now, I have not heard any­ ment should be continued, nevertheless in­ $5,000 an acre. body contradict the former Secretary of terest should be shown clearly as a Federal ·· The Department of Agriculture· with- Agriculture, a great proponent of this cost. . This. means th~t when a project . iS . in a ~eek or so will come up. here ask­ presented to Congress, all the cards y;ould piece of legislation. It · appears_ from be laid on the table. Hitherto the interest ing us to vote for.a soil bank to take land what the gentleman from California charge has.been one of those things that the cn,Jt of production. '• .[Mr. HOSMER] said and what some, of interested parties never chose to mention; . The President just a few years ago ap­ the rest of us have maintained that the Only occasionally a stalwart champion of pointed a Water Policy Board consisting proponents of this bill talk out of both economy has pried that cost out of the Bu­ of the Secretary of Agriculture, the Sec­ sides of their mouth. They try to tell reau of Reclamation. retary of the Interior, and the Secretary you on the one hand it will not create . That interest charge is very important. of Defense. Those three men presented surpluses, then in fine print in the CON­ Since no project except 1 or 2 has been paid for by the water users within the 53 years to the American public a new water pol­ GRESSIONAL RECORD they put in what will since Federal irrigation began, the interest icy. It is strange to relate this present be grown and they clearly show that charge runs to twice to three times the project, which will be the biggest project what will be grown is now in surplus will original cost. this administration or any other admin­ continue to be in surplus. Immediately after the President made the istration can ever ask you to pass upon, In a recent article, Raymond Moley, report public, a Congressman from Colorado, was not included. This does not comply a real student of this problem, is most WAYNE N. AsPINALL, shouted his disapproval with the provisions of the President's clear and interesting on this subject. and in so doing let a cat as big as a mountain Water Policy Board. · puma out of the bag. He said that "if they Mr. Moley's article is as follows: did not favor the elimination of the interest If ever a piece of water-resources leg­ In the President's state of the Unlon mes­ charge immediately after adding it to the islation cried for processing under the sage, sepa.rated by only a few sentences are cost of construction, there wouldn't be a proeedures the Presidential Adv·isory .two recommendations: . ~'I shall urge author- , reclamation project in the United States that Committee recommends, this is it. This ization of a soil-bank progr~m to alleviate would be economically possib~e." . would involve an application of •benefit-· :the problem of diverted acres and an over­ In s'hort, if the real cost plus interest were cost principl~s which .would .give ' a more' extended agricultural plant" and "I strongly considered, none of the presently proposed recommend that action be taken at this ses­ irrigation projects would stand scrutiny. realistic appraisal of the benefits and sion on such wholly Federal projects as the That is exa.ctry what I have been saying in ~etrime:r:rtS qf - thi~ project; and ultimat~ .._I Colorado River storage project and the Fry~ this efpace for 2 years. ·· reyiew by an _inqepen.dent bQard of re­ ingpan-Arkansas· project." view .which should give the Congress a -This means that the President is askiilg ' Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, 'will the cori·ect picture' of the highly contro:. Congress to take out of cultivation an im­ gentleman yield? · · · verted engineering and financial details mense number of acres at a large cost per Mr. SAYLOR. I yield to the gentle­ of the proposal. acre to the taxpayers, and on the other hand man from Iowa. Compare just two of the statements to bring into cultivation or to increase the Mr. GROSS. One of the prqponents of the Presidential Advisory Committee productivity of over a million acres at a cost of this bill stated there would only be with the facts of this project: in the upper Colorado project of as high as . 120,000 acres brought in production. $5,000 an acre and in the Fryingpan-Arkansas ( 1) Use of excess revenues: project of 'about $1,400 an acre. Another one said 140,000 acres would be • • This continues the mact cycle which has brought into production. Evidently The Committee believes that such a use been going on'for years: The Agriculture De­ there is twice ·that much will be brought of excess revenue from Federal power sales partment laboring to curb production, and in. to repay a portion of the costs of other types the !nterior Department just as zealously Mr. SAYLOR. No one has challenged of projects is a justifiable procedure pro­ trying to increase production. Of course, Senator ANDERSON'S statement showing vided the project to which such revenues this makes no sense. But lots of things in there will be brought into production are applied is a part of the area from which politics make no sense and are paid out of new land to the extent of 270,000 acres. such excess revenues are derived. However, the sweat of the taxpayer's brow. it should be pointed out that the utilization Nearly 2 years ago, when the gigantic They have not tried to challenge it be­ of excess revenue to aid projects which are upper Colorado project was . presente~ to cause they know it. is true. in· no way related to the facility producing Congress by the administration and the Mr. GROSS. I am glad to have the the excess revenues amounts in reality to Hpover Commission was setting to work to gentleman's statement. the' operation of a Government facility to look -into all and sundry "water-conservation Mr. HALEY:· Mr. Chairman, will the obtain a profit to be used for· other purposes, projects, the President appointed a commit­ gentleman yield? and there are obvious limits beyond which tee on the general subject, composed of Sec­ Mr. SAYLOR. I yield to .the gentle­ such a policy cannot be justified (Rept. pp. retary McKay, Chairman,·and the Secretaries -33-34) •· Benson and Wilson. This committee has man from Florida. just submitted its report. Mr. HALEY. The - gentleman has The participating projects to be bene­ In the first place, the report recommends .talked about what is going to happen out fited by the anticipated power revenues that State and local governments should here. Was the gentleman present at a are connected in no other way with the share the cost of water projects. But the committee hearing when Mr. J. Lee power dams. Each one of these irriga­ President in his message recommends that Rankin, Assistant Attorney General, tes­ tion ventures could be constructed with­ the two projects named above be wholly tified that we have built projects out out the storage dams. No water im­ Federal. there in the West costing $150 million pounded by these di;tms is to be placed Next, the committee recommends that and did not have any water to put behind on the land. Yet, 88 percent of the cost there be set up an independent Board of those dams? of these irrigation projects is expected Review • • • to analyze the engineering and economic feaf:!ibility of projects and report to Mr. SAYLOR. That is correct. . to be repaid from power revenues. If :the President. If any . such board were to Mr. HALEY. Will the gentleman also such a percentage does not exceed obvi­ report independently ..and factually on th~se inform the House whether or not he also ous limits, what would? The precedent two projects, it· can be taken for granted testified that he and his department ·in this -bill would be so enormous for that no President would dream of recom­ were then defending approximately 40 or this type of subsidy that we may as well mending them. As it happened, the pres­ 50 suits in other parts of the Western forget a national water policy on this sure for these projects came from interested. States? score. 3608 CONGRESSIONAt RECORD ~- HOUSE February 29

· (2) Payment of Interest: .i Now I wish to submit some remar'ks on It is a.pparent to me that the . oppo­ • • • • • the bill as a whole and point out.what I nents d this· bill like to ·charge· :all the The Committee recommends that · as a consider conspicuous weaknesses and costs of tlle storage dams to the irriga­ general ;policy interest he paid on alJ.l Federal fallacies in comments pn the bill now ti.on project when it suits. their purpose, investment su~]ect to repayment. . In mak­ before us. then add some Houdini compaund in- ing this recommendation., the_ .CO!llmittee, r.ecognizes that. the provision of interest­ · We in northern Cali:fornia fully realize terest figur.es to that. · free Feder.al funds for irrigation dpes not and appr-eeiate the value of the recla­ The Color.ad@ River compact appor­ conform to this policy. The Comtnitt.ee be-. mation program. Also we do not be­ tions water to an the people of the four lleves, however, that this provision should grudge sharing its benefits with ·other upper States. They cannot use ·their not be eliminated but rather that inter.est States. · water without r.egulation 'to satisfy their should be sho.wn clearly as a Feder.al cost, a5 In our own area we haiVe seen semi­ obligations to the people of the· lower should all nonreimbursable items in all proj­ desert areas blossom after the construc­ basin. ects (reportJ p. 84~. tion of the gr.eat Central Valley project. These storage dams wm make that .. The Bureau of· R-edama tion has ad­ W:e expect to see still more of these areas regulation possible. It would be most mitted that the project· recommended become f ru1tful after the completion of unfair to charge these ·storage costs to by the Secretary-Glen 'Canyon and Trinity and the Sacramento Canals. the 11 frrigation projects in this bill. Echo Park Dams ·and · 11 participating From our own experience we- .khow These dams will make it :Possible for an projec~wou1d result in a total interest these <:o.sts have been worthwhile, and the ilpper basin towns, industries, and cost of $1,153 million in the year 2032. - that, because of these Federal inv:est­ farm~:rs to use the upper basin's share of This staggering figure has been vari­ ments in large part, CaU1fornia can sup- · the river without encroaching -0n the ously estimated by other sources to run port its ever-increasing popufation in the lower basin. These i'egulatory bviously I t-o the taxpayers. few words ab.out these figur-es. will not be able to answer all of the Mr. Chairman, I sincerely hope that in The Bureau of Reclamation has testi­ statements made by my friend the gen­ view oI my statement and that of .other fied that the costs of the 11 participating tleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. SAYLOR], sira:ere opponents of this bill yoa will, projects would range from $210 per acre but very briefly I would like to call when the time comes, recommit it to the for the La Barge project in Wyoming to 1 or 2 matters to his attention. He has Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ $794 per acre for the central Utah 'talked about people speaking out of both fairs for further study. project. sides of their mouths before our com­ Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. M-r. Chair­ These figures represent a cost of $4.20 mittee and that there has been no one man; I yield 17 minutes to the gentle­ to $16 per acre each year for an assured .before our committee who would g·o for man fmm Utah [Mr~ DAWSON L water supply. To me these costs are ithis project any so-called expert, with Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Chairman, will moderate. About 2· weeks -ago w.e ap­ Echo Park Dam out. the gentJ.eman yield? ~roved a- bill -au,t-horizing the -Ventura Now, for the gentleman's information, · Mr. ~~WSON of utaJ.?. ·1 yield to. the project at a cost of' $1 ,B-OO per--acre, ac­ I have· the '8tatement here of an expert gentleman from Coi-0rado. cording to the same Btir-eau'.s figures. 'I that he might be interested in. This is Mr. ASPINALL. The t'€stimony whieh did not hear a word of protest · at that taken from the .committee hearlrigs in was just given by the gentleman from .time. 1954, on page 780, quoting the g.ent1eman Pen:msylv:ania [Mr.. SAYOORJ was to Sen­ The figures used by the -0pponents of .from Pennsylwania, and here is what he ate bill 500, was 1t not'? the Colorado Riv.er storage project bill says: Mr. DAWSON of Utah. Y-es~ it was. leave me both puzzled and confused. I I certainly hope to live to see the time Mr. ASPINALL. It was not to the bill I do not pretend to be an Einstein, but I when the upper Colorado River storage proj­ before -this body~ -can do ordinary arithmetic. ect wiil be built up outsiams out; so ~ submit that for the gentleman from California. ·· · · .c<>st is given as $'750 to $900 _per acre. RECORD. - Mr. JOHNSON of Ca,lifornia. Mi. · On page 35., the conceaied subsidy is _ Now,, an·other matter .before I get into ·Chairman, I am for tlre so-called natural first given as $3,150 per acre. Later on. my main ta1k, ana I want to refer· to resources featur.es in this bill. I had a 1;lie same page Federal·subsidies are said some of the items that were inserted in bill to make the Dinosaur National Mon­ to amount to $3,000 to $5,-000 per acre. the RECORD yesterday by the gentleman ument made into a national park in the - On pag,e :36, the .direct irr.ig.ation in­ ·from California [Mr. . HosMER], in which "83d Congress. 1 would like to present vestment is first given a;s $2-00 to nearly 'a list of names was submitted Qf organ­ ·another such bi1f so tnat for an time <$800. -- Then later ·on-the .same"page the ·1zatiuns who oppose this projeet. Among this groun,d :would be a national park, average direct investment is said to be the various organizations -as shown ill which oould -only be changed or extin­ '$750 to $900. - 'the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD were a num­ guished· by an· act of Congr~ss and the On page 50, the figure is given cor­ ber of railr.oad · brotherhoods. In iact, .President".s approval. ~rectly at last-.$210 to .$794 per acr.e. there were some 150 organizations, most · Further, I consider as an important : The· opponents~ supplemental minority cf whmn were from southern California, contribution of ·the substitute biU the T:eport is no more reUa!ble. On page l'6 with the -exception of these few that wer.e -amendments prov'iding pr-otection for the ·the hidden ·subsidy is said to be $5,000 placed -at the tep ef the list. Now, I took national parks and monuments. I am per a:cre. Y.et un th·e same page the oc~asion yesterday to send wires to these ~onfident that the Bureau of Rec1ama­ -irrigation in1Vestment is.stated to be $1150 union orgam-zatio.ns w!io are listed, ac­ tion can work out· acceptable ways of to $900. cording to the .gentleman, a& opposing developing water for the States· of the .Frank1y, 1: just cannot make ·sen5e roject. General Representative, through the grants to the railroads of Brotherhood of Railway Clerks. I also have in my hand a report from large segments of the public domain. Highways which have cemented the the conductors and brakemen's organi­ WASHINGTON, D. c., February 29, 1956. zation -who are listed by the gentleman Congressman DAWSON of Utah,. States into a Union were Government from California as opposing this project, House Office Building: developments. So was the Panama and -Mr .. W. D. Johnson, vice president, In reply to your inquiry regarding the Canal and other major dredging opera­ states in this wire: upper Colorado River storage project, the tions that made our rivers highways of Your telegram of February 28 to Mr. l:\. .0. Brotherhood Railway Carmen of America has commerce. More recently our Govern­ Hughes, president, Order of Railway Conduc­ taken no stand nationally and neither favors ment r.ecognized in uncaptured falling tors and Brakemen, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, re­ nor opposes this legislation. water a resource-a renewable re­ ferred to me for reply. This to advise our . . IRVIN L. BARNEY. source-of extreme value to the Nation order has remained neutral in connection The National Legislative Representative. as a whole. Hoover Dam, Grand Coulee with upper Colorado River storage project. Dam, and hundreds of lesser structures ST. LoUIS, Mo., February 29, 1956. The same applies to the representative Hon. WILLIAM A. DAWSON, stand as sound, self-liquidating monu­ of the. Brotherhood of Railway Clerks New House Office Building, ments to the men in and out of Govern­ who are listed as opposing the project. Washington, D. C.: ment who recognized this resource and They state in the wire which arrived to­ Wire 28th; The Order of Railroad Teleg­ conserved it for the betterment of tbe day: raphers has taken no position on upper people. Colorado River storage project. But we should be reminded that this Our organization has never taken any G. E. LEIGHTY. position on the upper Colorado River storage Nation has not made these great achieve­ project now before Congress. ments through the accomplishments of CHICAGO, ILL., February 28, 1956. our engineers and scientists alone, great · The gentleman also says that the WILLIAM A. DAwsoN, as they may be. The planes that won Member of Congress, Brotherhood of Railway Carmen is op­ New House ·Office Building, World War II were built from aluminum posed to this, and I have a wire from the Washington, b. c.: - r.eft.ned with power _from Grand Coulee president of the carmen's organization: Retel today: our organization has not and assembled in southern California by · In reply to your inquiry regarding the taken a stand nationally on th,e upper Colo- power from Hoover Dam and similar upper Colorado River storage project the rado River storage project: dams on the Colorado River. Yet when Brotherhood of Railway Carmen of America JEFFE CLARK, these dams ·came up for authorization bas '.:;aken no stand nationally and neither President_, Brotherhood of Railroad before Congress,. opponents claimed favors nor opposes this i.egislation. Signal Men of America. there would never be a market for the The same applies to the railroad teleg­ I leave it to you, my colleagues, to de- power they would produce. Grand raphers who say they have taken no po­ termine who is giving you the facts in Coulee Dam was labeled by its oppo­ sition on this project, .and the same ap­ regard to this matter. I wish I had more nents "The white elephant of the Colum­ plies to the Brotherhood of Signalmen.- time · to go in detail· into the matters bia River," and yet today after these I refer you to the CONGRESSIONAL REC­ raised by my friend from Pennsylvania;· great projects have. been placed in opera~ ORD of yesterday in which all of these but I simply remind you that when he tion, the· Pacific Northwest --is already organizations are listed as having op­ says that the Bureau of the Budget has suffering from power shortages. posed this project, and we have ·these not given approval to this project, you · The upper Colorado River storage wires saying they support it or have should be reminded that the Bureau of project is now bef.ore you . .This project taken no stand. At this point I desire to the Budget is directly ·under the Presi- has been the 'Object of one of the· heaviest submit th0 wires for the RECORD: dent and the President of the United financed-and I say, most distorted­ CLEVELAND, OHIO, February 28> ·1956. States, no more than 4 hours ago, made attacks ever leveled at any single piece The Honorable WILLIAM A. DAWSON, the statement that · he approved this of legislation. I do not intend at this Member of Co7J.gress, project and urged the Congress to pass time to go into the reasons for southern New House ·Office Building, this measure. I think that is sufficient. California's opposition to this ·vital, na• Washington, D. C.: We do not need to go much beyond that. tional development. Nor do I intend- Your wire 28th: Brotherhood of Locomo­ ! would like, in the short time that re- at this time-to answer all of their ridic­ tive Firemen and Enginemen has .not taken mains, to discuss with you some of the u1ous charges. Let me say at this time, a stand on upper Colorado River storage reasons why this project is so important however, that the upper Colorado River project. not only to the west but to the entire storage project is not being sponsored H. E: GILBERT, Nation. · by all Members of Congress from four National President. · The Almighty has· blessed our land rich but arid States for the purpose of with rich, natural resources. But t;he putting landowners on Pike's Peak in the · CLEVELAND, OHIO, February 29, 195B. happiness and well-being of our people banana-raising business: The Honorable Wn.i.IAM A: DAWSON, · Member o] C6itgress; · · and the stature, strength, and wealth of · This project is more than the usual New House Office Building, our Nation all depend upon the degree of reclamation project. It is a long-'range, WashingtonJ D. C.: U:se and development of those resources. multipurpose, self-liquidating develop­ Reurtel 28th: Brotherhood of Railroad That this . Nation stand~ first in the ment of an entire river basin-a river '.I'raim;ne~ on ~cor~ supporting upper ·Colo­ world is not due to the chance develop- basin that drains one-twelfth of the land rado River storage prpject. _ ment of an atomic or nuclear bomb, the area of the United States and from the W. P. KENNEDY, superiority of ou-r aircraft · engineers, or standpoint of mineral and metal wealth, _ NauOmil President~ the richness-0ur deep, black soil. We are the richest area in the Nation. CII--227 3610 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE February 29 The project wili store up the water This limit is set by the amount of water progress in nuclear weapons with that of now needed for municipal purposes and it can store and use. The area has an the Soviet Union. We wonder if we are now going to waste in the Gulf of Cali- annual average rainfall '>f less than 12 keeping abreast of the Communists in fornia. It will store up industrial water. inches per year. Everything that development of strategic-bombers. We needed for development of the area's grows-lawns, crops, flowers, vegeta­ should, of course. Our safety depends raw materials. The water now goes to bles-must be artificially watered by upon it. waste in the Gulf of California. The man. Our last remaining source of water But the manufactured weapons of war project will generate power for use · of is that now flowing to waste in the Gulf and defense, in quality and amount, de­ the area's expanding industries-power of ·California. This wasted water of the pends upon the development and ·wise now lost to the Nation in the present Colorado River was allocated by compact use of the Nation's resources. We con­ undeveloped stage. In all instances, the to us nearly 35 years ago. tinually receive reports on the progress cost of municipal, industrial water and Last and greatest, we have human re­ of the Soviet Union in harnessing power production will be repaid to the sources. Population in these four States nuc~ear pqwer. How is our interna- ' Federal· Government with interest.· · is growing at·twice the .rate of our na- tional rival progressing- in development· • . What do these four States now con- tional population growth. More young of its national. resources--:.partioularly tribute to the wealth' of the Nation, ·and men·and women are graduating from our its renewable resources such as ·falling. what additional res0ur'ces can they con- · high schools and colleges and- the rate · water? From .· the best information tribute with the power and water·· fur- will continue ·to increa~e. The avail­ av~ilable -to us; it is apparent that the nished by this development? · ability of employment in the area for Soviet Union Is making giant strides in -· Utaht · New Mexico, and Colorado; these· people-depends upon· new industry, l;larn·essin~ its ~.r1vers . ~nd streE\IPS for the along with· Arizona and Nevada, pro- which in turn depends upon more water. generation of hydroelectric power. Let ·duced in 1954 86.6. percent of ·the Na- · we people of these four States are me quote from an article by Paul Wohl tion's newly mined copper. This cop- eager to unlock this treasure chest of on Soviet development, which appeared p·er-having the value of half a billion mineral wealth and share its richness in the Christian Science Monitor of Feb­ dollars per year-is the raw material with the Nation. In order to do this we ruary 1, 1956. from which payrolls are made in our must capture and use our water which is Referring to U. S. S. R.'s current 5- eastern and midwestern industrial areas. now wasting into the sea. The upper y.ear. plan and its goals, Mr. Wohl writes: Continued development of our-copper re- Colorado River storage project is the One of the big tasks of the current plan is sources depends upon an expanding wa- key to the chest. to provide for :the equipment and the power to utilize this mineral wealth. With this ter supply. · I mentibned before the opposition to purpose in mind giant machines of all kinds The four upper basin States and Ari- the project from southern California­ are to be built, among them heavy presses zona produce nearly 100 percent of the and that is the source of the opposition. which can turn out parts for cyclotrons as Nation's uranium ore. · Continued ex- I know there have been occasional news­ well as armament and are said to be capable pansion of uranium mining and milling paper editorials against the project in of pressing a whole wing of a ·fighter plane facilities depends uPon more ·water. some smaller newspapers throughout in a single operation; excavator dredges large . , Oil-shale deposits ·cover ·more than 4 the Nation: These editorials have been· enough to. load ·2 large American-size freight· million acres in 4_ States of ~ the ·upper. based on fals·e infol,'mation1and.in check-' cars . with 1 shovel .full, _and machines for qifhi.sfon 1h-f\t~llations aind for the . tuitiines Colorado River :Basill. One f orm~tion ing we always find-that the, informa,,tion .'• Rnd boilers ot: pr6pected thermq'-pow'er gen- · · alone has enough oil shale to produce 100 has been distributed by southern Cali­ er,ating sta~ions · operating at a steam '- pres­ billion barrels of oil-more than twice as fornia spokesmen. Southern California sure up ta; 300 atmospheres and a tempera- much as has been produced from wells to wants to maintain the status quo. The ture bf 1,200°. . • . · 1 ; ' date in this Nation. Part of these valu- campaign· against this project:shows how , These . eitrem~ly -efficient machines; which ·able shales have been reserved for the far they will go to prevent our four . t'ake abo\1.t 3 Y.ears to build; represent. an in­ future needs of the Navy . . Water and ::;;tates from ever using our water and vestment of billions of rubles. Some of them are unequalled even in the United ·states. power from the upper Colorado River ·power resources. ., ~ . . project are necessary if these reserves What is the ·status quo? And why is POWER ARRAY · are ever to be used. · · southern California opposing · any They will be served by an extraordinary The world's largest known deposits of change? Members of this body today array of . power stations, including 2 sta­ tions of 3,200,000 kilowatts capacity each, 1 phosphate are found in Utah, Wyoming, are asked. to choose between developing on the Angara and the other on the Yenissei Colorado, and Idaho. Water and power a four-State area or letting things go River (Grand Coulee, up to now the world's from the Colorado River are' needed if along as they are now. Southern Cali­ largest station has a capacity short of 2 mil­ these national resources are to be de- fornia has a selfish reason to oppose this lion kilowatts). veloped. legislation. s01lthern California now The power giant on the Angara River near · All but a few of the. basic materiais . benefits .from power produced by water Lake Baikal is to be partly completed and is required for a chemical industry are allocated to the upper basin States. to begin to operate before December 1960; the other one near Krasnoyarsk in west Si­ found in the four states of the upper This power is sold at dump-power rates. beria will be in construction at the end of basin. With these basic raw materials After generating power, our water either the current plan. and with water and power,,. this Nation flows to the sea or is-in increasing Altogether the Soviets intend to take into · can maintain chemical independence. . amounts-used by Mexico to increase operation ·during the current 5-year period The development of the upper Color~do her cottOn production. Does Congress :waterpower capacity equal to nearly one­ River project will pr.ovide the necessary: want to put the lid on the growth of four quarter of United States waterpower·capacity water and power and the States now States in order to continue to subsidize existing in 1953. · · pave the raw materials. power rates to a few dump-load custom- At my request·, the Library of Congress - The presence of these and other min- ers in southern California, like the Cali­ searched Soyiet pubiications in order to eral resources in the four States has fornia-Edison Co. and permit our water get some ·picture of the progress of the brought about a rapid development of to flow on to the sea or to Mexico? Will Communists in construction of. hydro­ new industries. These industries are not the ever-increasing cotton production in electric generating facilities since the developed at the expense of established Mexico bring more long-range benefits war. The survey was prepared by Mr. industries elsewhere. They are new be- to this Nation that the development of John K. Rose, senior specialist in natural cause the products manufactured or re- this vast.and rich four-State area in our resources, and Sergius Yakobson, senior fined are new. The construction of a own land? specialist in international affairs. It, cobalt refining plant in Utah, for exam- In the beginning, I said that a nation's too, reveals that the Soviet Union has ple, does not hurt industries elsewhere. strength depends upon the use it makes adopted a crash program of harnessing It aids them as it adds its output to the of its resources. The United States is its rivers. wealth of the Nation. . The cobalt plant first in the world because it has since I herewith submit a tabulation of hy­ was built because a ·domestic. supply of ·its beginning developed its natural re­ droelectric projects constructed or under cob~lt was fourid and. developed in the·'• sources wisely and rapidly .to meet its construction in the Soviet Union since , - :• area. needs. the conclusion of World War II. In all Each of the four States has a limit of We hear a lot, these days, about inter- probability, this tabulation is incom- development beyond which it cannot go. continental missiles. We compare our plete. The installed generating capacity 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 3611 for which we have definite figures in would-indicate that an additional 4 mil­ Mr. DONOVAN. Mr. Chairman, will kilowatts totals 8,217,000 kilowatts. To lion killowatts is under construction in the gentleman yield? this should be added the capacity of U. S. S. R., bringing its total new hydro~ Mr. DAWSON ·Of Utah. I yield to the those undisclosed~but large. An . an­ generating capacity t-o more than 12 mil­ gentleman from New York. alysis of the description of these projects lion since World War II. Mr. DONOVAN. As a Member of the House from the State of Utah, can the Soviet Union hydroelectric proJects .completed or under COf.!Struction since_Wo;ld ~ar II gentleman tell the House how many souls live in that part of Utah that can be status Installed generating capacity reached by irrigation and p-ower from·· these projects at the present time? Tsimlyanskaya Dam______Completed .April 1953 ______Hi0,000 kilowatts. Mr. DAWSON of Utah. I would say we Svir' upper dam______Began 1936; still under construction 1952______160,000 kilowatts. Sukhumi Dam __ ------Completed 1948______20,000 kilowatts. have perhaps 3 million souls in the upper Stalingrad ______Began 1950; in.complete------1,700,000 kilowatts. basin area, and we are choking to death Shcherbakov Dam ___ ------5 units completed 1949------220,000 kilowatts. for water. Water is our lifeblood, with­ Ust'-Kamenogorsk Dam ______3 units completed 1952------240,000 kilowatts. Narva______Pledged to be finished 1955______120,000 kilowatts. out it we cannot exist. I further advise Mingechaur Dam ______4 units operating July 1954 ______200,000 kilowatts. the gentleman that if we do not develop Kuz' Minskaya Dam ______In operation 1948 - --"--~------1,000 kilowatts. Kuybyshev______Work well advanced 1952; first bydrogenerator 2,000,000 kilowatts (estimate). our power resources and the falling water completed 1954; all scheduled completion in this country, the day is going to come 1955. Knyazhaya ______Began 1952; first unit in operation 1955 ______Undisclosed. when we shall regret it. You talk about Khrami Dam______Began 1935; first unit in operation 1947 ______90,000 kilowatts. atomic power. That day is coming when Kama Dam______First unit in operation 1954; 5 added since; not 504,000 kilowatts. yet completed. we shall have atomic power, but that Kakbovka-----~------2 units in operation, 1955______250,000 kilowatts. does not give us the excuse for wasting Gyumush Dam ____ ~ ------Under construction ______214,000 kilowatts proposed. our hydroelectric potential. This is a Farkhad Dam.______1st unit operating. 1947 ______120,000 kilowatt~. Dnepr Dam______Reconstruction completed, 1949 ______648,000 kilowatts. resource that does not wear out. It can Bukhtarma ______Under construction ______420·,ooo kilowatts proposed. produce energy and still be used for other Angara __ ------_____ ------_____ do _____ ------____ ------___ 1,200,000 kilowatts. Votkinsk ______do------·------Claimed to be one of largest in purposes, whereas someday our uranium country. resources may be exhausted. You should Shirokovaskaya Dam ______1st unit in operation, 1946 or 11!47 ______,______Undisclosed. Novosibirsk_------__ Under construction ______------______Undisclosed-"large." also remember that 90 -percent of the Niva IIL ______In operation, 1950------150,000 kilowatts. uranium produeed in this country comes Gor'Kiy ______: ______Under construction ______Undisclosed but "large.'' from this very area. We would not have Known total._------8,217,000. atomic power in this country if we did not have those uranium-producing areas, In order to eompare our progress in United States privately owned hydroelectric and we are not going to continue our this field with that of the U. S. S. R.-, plants. 1945-55 development unless we are able to get I have had the Federal Power Commis­ the water to bring these resources into sion tabul~te the hydroelectric projects Installed production. Project name (50,000 State kilowatt constructed or expanded in the United kilowatts and over) capacity Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair­ States since 1945. The installed generat­ man, will the ·gentleman yield? ing capacity totals 10,l 76,780 kilowatts.. Kerr------Montana______168, 000 Mr. DAWSON Of Utah. Yes; I will be It should be remembered, however, that Bliss______Idaho______75, 000 happy to yield to the gentleman from Cresta.------California______67, 500 .this figure includes hydroelectric capac­ Rock Creek ______do______113, 400 Nebraska. ity that was · installed in Hoover and Big Creek No. 4---~----- _____ do __ ------.84, 000 Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair­ Grand Coulee Dams before .the war and C. J. Strike ______Idaho______82, 800 man, it is with some reluctance that I since expanded. Yaleg:~i~~:-~~~~~:::::: ______: ::: -Mi~gu;i::::::::Washington_____ 108,~: 000ggg take the floor to discuss a rather sensitive United States publicly owned hydroelectric Harris __ ------Maine_------75, 000 matter in connection with the upper plants, 1945-55 R-0anoke Rapids ______North Carolina._ 100, 080 Colorado River storage project. The Pit No. 4------California______,___ 90, _000 words I am about to speak, I hope will Installed T-otaL _·------1, 335, 780 not be taken as a reftection upon any of Project name (50,000 kilowatt State kilowatts and over) ~· capacity my colleagues. I do want to -deal with Installed what seems to me to be false propaganda, 1l ECAPlTULA.TION kilowatt Fontana. __ ------202, 500 North Carolina. capacity masquerading as information on the bill Grand Coulee 1______1, 954, 000 W asbington. Total publicly owned hydroelectric plants__ 8, 841, 700 we are presently considering. Shasta._------375, 000 California. Toml privately owned hydroelectric plants_ 1, 335, 780 Wheeler'------259. 200 Alabama. There came to my desk this morning Keswick______75, 000 . California, TotaL------1-0, 177, 480 a so-called tax map, which as you will Allatoona_ ------74, 000 Georgia. see in the red headlines states, "New $4 Davis______225, 000 Arizona, These two surveys give clear indica­ Hoover 1_ ------667, 500 Do. Billion Tax Burden Threatens You." It Hungry Horse------~- 285, 000 Montana. tion that this is no time for us to rest Rock Island______135,.000 Washington. further states: J. H. Kerr______204, 000 Virginia. ()n our ()ars. We must go forward in Boone______75, 000 Tennessee. developing and conserving our resources The tax map below· shows you how much Dale Hollow______54, 000 Do. if we are to remain strong and if we the upper Colorado River Basin project, now Detroit------100, 000 Oregon. before· Congress, would cost the taxpayers of Flat Iron______71, 500 ·Colorado. are to afford our increasing population Lookout Point______120, 000 Oregon. each State in the Nation. Chief Joseph ______., 256, 000 Washington. the benefits of an expanding economy. Denison______70, 000 Texas. The upper Coforado River storage proj­ In smaller print you find these words: ~:ttp~~k ·c :::~:: : :::: ·1rJ: 888 ~~n~'ii1i.· ect-in the last remaining undeveloped Costs to States are based on the percentage Fort Louden______128, 000 Tennessee. major river basin in the Nation-is cry­ of Federal taxes paid by each State, as com­ ing for development. Its vast resources puted by the Tax Foundation, New York City ~~~~~~~~::::::::::::::: 4~; ~ Alafa~a. and Washington, D'. C. Center HilL______135, 000 Tennessee. should not be overlooked in favor of the ~~~~~:~~-·-:::::::::::: ~g: ggg ~:~!~: status quo. My own State, Nebraska, has a green Bull Shoals--~------160,.000 Arkansas. I ~m herewith submitting a series of circle around $34 million, as a tax -to the Ross.------270, 000 Washington. Clark Hill--~------~----- 280, 000 South Carolina. descriptive articles on the various new State because· of this project. The Cherokee------120, 000 Tennessee. projects in Soviet Russia since the end fountainhead . of this propaganda and McNary_------700, 000 Washington. Fort Randall__ ___ : ______280, 000 South Dakota. ' of World War IT. A glance at the tre­ big lie technique comes from the Colo­ Douglas______112, 000 Tennessee. mendous amount of construction in­ rado ·River Association with an ·-address ~y~~e~-Mountafll:~::~: 1 ~~; ~ x:~~~~~~· volved gives a good picture of the pro'"' of 306 West Third Street, Los Angeles 13', 1----1 gram of development now going for;. Calif. It has fooled a lot of people. It Grand total______8, 841, 700 ward behind the Iron Curtain. The ar.;. fooled newspapers ·an over the country~ 1 In<;ludes total installed capacity part of which. was ticles were furnished by the Library of The Jerome North Side News, ' of installed before 'Y?rl~ War :p:. C-Ongres~: · · - · Jerome, Idaho, ·on Aug!-lst 11, 1955, 3612 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD·- - HOUSE February 29 carried the following editorial, showing spectability of the nationally known tax This southern California lobby has they were misled by the information: research group. · also attempted to discredit the engi­ DUPED BY CALlfORNIA WATER:-LOBBY On July 11, 1955, after these tax maps neering studies at the site of the pro­ MISREPRESENTATIONS had been printed by a number of good .posed Glen Canyon Dam~ The same During May the .News published a sketch newspapers throughout the col!ntry, the engineers who had a big hand in build­ mustrating the cost to Idaho of $13,600,000 editorial director of the Tax Foundation ing the Hoover, Grand Coulee, the David in new taxes for the upper Colorado River found it necessary· to mail out letters and the Parkers Dams had a big part in Basin project. The sketch listed the tax denying any connection with that propa­ planning, after many years of technical which each State would be compelled to pay ganda effort. Here is the letter: research, the upper Colorado River into the Federal Treasury to finance its share JULY 11, 1955. Basin storage project. of this huge project. An explanation under Mr. H. ALLEN PAINTER, - . The geology of the Glen Canyon site the sketch explained that the total cost of Editor, Hackettstown Gazette, the project was $4 billion, and this amount was thoroughly explored in congressional would be charged to each State on a per Hackettstown, N. J. hearings. The selection of that site was capita basis. New York was highest, with DEAR MR. P.AINTER: Our attention has.be.en ·approved by both the-House and ·.Senate nearly a half billion in added taxes. called to an editorial appearing in your Interior and Insular Affairs_Committees. newspaper on May 12 eriti.tfea, "One Hundred We find now that the pu):>lication of this Forty-four Millidn Dollars for New Jersey"T9 Mr. Dexheimer, of the Bureau of Recla­ . sketch, with the supplemented lnfo:r;mation, Pay." This editorial was reprinted in the mation, testified as follows: was erroneous. We we:r.e duped. A so-called daily Appendix of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD I , personally have been in on the original tax foundation with addresses in New York of June 24" 1955. The editorial says the Tax explor.ation ·and constructiqn of the Hoover City and Washington, D. C., provided the Foundation mailed to your paper a map , and the Shasta Dams .and many others in information, according· to 'the picture ex­ showing what it would cost the various days before they were conceived. I have planation. We were duped and have found States if the upper Colorado River Basin out that the sketch with the erroneous in­ investigated this site and gone through the project is approved. geology. We have done a great deal more formation and statistics was compiled by the I am writing this letter simply to set the investigating on Glen Canyon than we have water lobby for the State of California. The record straight in regard -to the map sent on Hoover or the others. We have no doubt upper Colorado bill authorizing the project you. The map was not sent by the Tax in its entirety calls for an appropriation from at all but what a dam 700 feet high at Foundation, which is a private, nonprofit the Glen Canyon site is entirely practical, Congress of only $760 million, which ~s a far research organization. We have seen copies feasible, and economical and would be safe cry from $4 billion. of this map in other newspapers. It was from the engineering standpoint. Also, as in the case , in most combination prepared by the Colorado River Association, irrigation and power projects, the lands to with which the Tax Foundation has no con­ Later in the hearings he was asked if be irrigated under the provisions of the bill nection. Apparently, the Colorado Associ­ these conclusions were tentative. Mr. will pay off the cost of the construction ation adapted a formula the Tax Foundation Dexheimer replied: eventually, just as was the case in Idaho on devised to apportion the tax burden among No, sir. · They are firm conclusion for a several Federal and private projects, such as the various States, applied this to the cost American Falls Dam, Owyhee Dam, etc. structure up to 700 feet. '.!'here is no ques­ of the upper Colorado River Basin project, 'tion in our minds. The upper Colorado project is not an ex­ and credited the Tax Foundation with the clusive power undertaking such as Hells Can­ resulting figures. The Foundation did not. It is clear that good, competent en­ yon. It provides for expansion of irrigation prepare these figures, which were published gineers have made positive evaluations. in Colorado, New . Mexico, Utah, and Wyo­ without our knowledge or consent. 1 ming, along with the many ramifications of approving the Glen Canyon site. Only For your information, I am enclosing the the southern California lobby will con:­ the proposed project. It provides for a pay­ May 1954 issue of 1 of our monthly pub­ ment bf 2¥2 percent interest on all 'moneys lications, Tax Outlook, which carries on page tribute to the coming unwarranted and appropriated by Congress for its construction. 12 an article (A Better Yardstick)- describ­ irresponsible attacks on the Glen Can­ Such· a program wquld not cost Idaho ing the formula we developed for allocating yon' Dam engineers. I am sure my col­ '•. $13,600,000 in added taxes. But California is the tax burden. - · leagues will not be· taken in or misled confusing the issues intentionally so that Sincerely yours, by some of their propaganda. the upper river States will be deprived of VINCENT D. MARTIRE, 'rhe only major opposition comes from their waters and these·· waters in turn will Editorial Director. revert to California. A few years ago Cali­ the southern. California water lobby fornia had a plan to appropriate waters from The Colorado River Association re­ which stands to profit by miJlions of the Snake in Idaho, as farfetched as that f err ed to in the foundation's letter is a dollars if they can succeed .in delaying may seem, but it was a ' plan. Idaho should registered lobby which has reported re­ or defeating development, but the four certainly stand by the other Mountain States ceipts in 1955 of $195,700.00. upper-basin States have ·water allocated to preserve these water rights for the bene- Mr. Chairman, the other body has a to th.em· ill a solemn, interstate compact ficial development of the States in which committee investigating lobby activities. signed in 1928. If they can defeat this they originate. We have never heard of California sharing wi~h othe! states such A ·careful, microscopic examination project, they will have the unused water rights as oil rights, fish~ng rights, or any might find some overripe fruit in the going downstream where their hydro­ other natural resources ·wh1ch that great activities of the Colorado River Associa­ power turbines utilize the water. The State possesses in its natural boundaries. tion. This same organization has turned rest ·of the unused water will either be And it is not logical or consistent that the its unrestrained propagandists loose in used in California or New Mexico or flow neighboring States of the West should give up other areas of public misrepresentation. into the Pacific Ocean. such cherished rights in water which they Not being satisfied with a false map of · Mr. OSTE~TAG. Mr. Chairman, will might hold or should serve· to qev~lop for ·t ., th . ha other maps rela- thei r own use . ·. axes, ey now ve .the gentleman yield? · 'It , , , · . · . , tive to rich farmlands in other States Mr. D}\.WSON· of Utah . . I yield. Let us take . the so.-called tax map that should be placed under cultivation ' Mr. OSTERTAG. · The - gentleman wbich wa.s a .direct application of the. big in lieu oI a long-range project to develop spoke a few moments ago about the de­ lie technique of propaganda. A number badly needed water for a four-State velopment of uranium resources in the of newspapers throughout the country semidesert area larger than New Eng­ .area. As I understand -it, it is alleged used the tax map because it appeared on· land . . that the floodin g of. this area to capture its face to co~e f~om a reputable tax This lobby tries to use the prestige of the water resources would- destroy the research organization. It even fooled the Soil conservation Service just as possibility of developing the uranium re­ the minority mem~ers of. our .co~mittee they tried to represent that the source sources. because they say m their mmonty re- of the tax map was the Tax Foundation. Mr. DAWSON of Utah. I am glad the port, and I quote: A southern California lobbyist distorts gentleman raised that question, and I The percent of the Federal tax burden the facts relative to the cost Of the self­ would like to answer it. I do not know by States as computed by the tax foundation liquidating Colorado River' project, say. whether the Members heard it, but the shows that less than 2 percent of tMs re:- ing it will mean $4 billion in added taxes. gentleman says it has been alleged by quired Federal subsidy would be borne by They misrepresent the facts, saying the the construction of the Glen Canyon the taxpayers of the Sta~s of Colorado, New .project will bring in 580 million new Dam, if we flood some of · this area, it Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming, the chief bene- acres of arid mountain land. The truth could flood some valuable uranium re­ ficiaries of the project. is the units proposed for authorization sources. I think the best information This tax map was deliberately pre- will add about 132,000 acres of new land we can get on that subject would be from ·pared by the southern California lobby over an estimated 30-year construction the Atomic Energy Commission. That is to clock their propaganda with the re- period. the best source of information I know of. 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ·- HOUSE 3613 I have before me a letter from the Atomic 8.4 meters raJses the elevation of the river and Mikhaylovskoye villages, about 3:;!. kilo­ E:1ergy Commission, dated February 14, as far as 350 to 360 kilometers. The area at meters northeast.of Sukhumi, in the Abkhaz­ 1956, directed to Senator ANDERSON, in normal elevation is 2,700 square kilometers skaya A. S. S. R. An auxiliary dam on the and total capacity is 24,000,000,000 cubic Tsumur River, together with the above, sup­ which this statement; among others, is meters with an effective capacity of 12,600,- ply water to the powerhouse, which is lo­ made: 000,000 cubic meters. · cated on the West Gumista River. · Based upon present knowledge, no ap­ Electric capacity (kilovolt-ampere)·: In­ Brief history: Work began in 1933 and was preciable amount of commercial grade stalled: 160,000 kilowatts ( 1953) . . completed in 1948. uranium or other radioactive ore would - Electric outgu_t (kilowat~:-hour/year): Pro­ .. Brief description: The rivers being non­ be inundated by the. reservoir to be formed posed: 500 million kilowatt-hours ·to 650 navif?able, this project serves fQr power pro• by the proposed Glen Canyon pam. million kilowatt-hours (1952). duct1on purposes only. The main dl!m on . JESSE C. JOHNSON, Some facts relating to cost: Earth work the East Gumista is indicated as a concrete Director of the Division of Raw Ma­ amounted to some 76,400,000 cubic meters, spillway dam with crest gate more than 28 terials, Atomic Energy Commission. of which 29,500,000 cubic meters were ob­ meters above .its foundation in height and tained by the hydraulic-fill method. Con­ has a 10-meter spillway. The auxiliary dam I hope that .answers the gentleman's crete and reinforced concrete amounted . to . of concrete on the. Tsumur is of spillway question. 1,900,000 cubic meters, of which 1,213,700 ~ype with sluice gate 5 meters high and 14 · Mr; OSTERTAG. The gentleman cubic meters . were used on the spillway, meter~ . wide at th~ crest. A 327-meter tun­ claimed that there was a great potential powerhouse, fisl!rlock elevator, etc. · nel connects this part of the project with the East Gumista. The generated power is in­ ~evelopment of uranium .in the area. Selected references: Razin, N. V., Perysh­ kin, G. A., Smirnov, K. I. Tsimlyanskiy dicated as supplied to the town of Sukhumi Where will this uranium be found, if the Gidrouzel, Gidrotekhnicheskoye Stroitel'stvo and perhaps to a section of the Black Sea statement the gentleman just read is (Moscow), No. 12, December 1952, pages 6-11; Railroad. . . true? V Sovete Ministrov S. S. S. R. Ostroitel'stve Capacity: No reservoir ·is formed by either Mr. DAWSON of utah. May I point Volgo-Donskogo Sudokhodnogo Kanala I dam. out-to 'th·e ·gentleman that the only area Oroshenii Zemel' V Rostovskoy I _stalin­ E'lectric capacity (kilovolt-amperes): Pro­ covered by this r.eservoir is in the bed gradskoy Oblastyakh, Gidrotekhnicheskoye. posed, 20,000 kilowatts (1937). Stroitel'stvo (Moscow), No. 1, January 1951, Electric output (kilowatt-hour/year): of the stream. We have thousands and pages 1-3. Proposed 100 million kilowatt-hours ( 1937). thousands of acres out there, ·all around Some facts relating to cost (materials the area, which is uranium country, and used): . PROJECT: Sv1a' UPPER .DAM so this is a · very small spot, and accord­ The volume of work on the East Gumista ing to the Atomic Energy Commission Location: On the Svir' River, near Pod­ River: · they know of no considerable amount of porozh'ye village, some 96 kilometers down­ Earthwork, 1,120 cubic meters. stream from Lake Onega. The dam with its Rockwork, 26,418 cubic meters. uranium in the bed of that stream. Of lock, will be a part of the Mariinsky inland Concrete, 11,060 cubic meters. course, -it takes water to conduct these waterway system· which connects the Baltic Reinforced concrete, 3,427 cubic meters. milling operations out there, and it takes Sea, the Volga River Basin and the Northern Rock fill, 5,840 cubic meters. water for the people to live there to ·de­ White Sea waterway system. Granite facing, 490 cubic meters. velop them. I wish I had the time to · Bri.ef history: Construction began in 1936; Volume of work on the Tsumur headworks: develop this further, but in the interest opening was proposed for 1938, then post­ Earthwork, 1,334 cubic meters. of time I am going to insert in the -REC­ poned to 1942 .. There were interruptions and Rockwork, 7,900 cubic meters. flooding during the war years. Work was Concrete, 4,500 cubic meters. ORD, under permission previously granted underway again by 1946 but the dam wa.S · Reinforced concrete, 53 cubic meters to me, the details I have referred to. I still under construction in 1952. · ·Granite facing, 406 cubic meters. · hope ·the Members will take the time _ Brief description : The concrete dam is Work on pressure tunnel: 'tomorrow to read it in the RECORD and thought to ·be ?-bout 26 meters high and of Rockwork, 16,925 cubic meters. J examine it in some detail, · ~he gravity type. Little i!lformation is avail­ · Concrete, 13,263 cubic meters. able on the earth dam other than that it' is Reinforcement, 349 tons. · .· PROJECT: TSIML YANS~ YA D~M of the embankment type. Work on powerhouse: Location: The Tsiinlyanskaya hydro power A one chamber lock of reinforced concrete Earthwork, 17,100 cubic meters. development, an ·essential part of the Volga­ is indicated for the left bank of the river Rockwork, 51,789 cubic meters. Don waterway system, is located . near the with a capacity estimated at about 28 ship~ Concrete, 11,284 cubic meters. new Tsimlyanskaya Stanitsa in Rostoyskaya per 2~ hours. The powerhouse is planned for Reinforced concrete, 4,529 cubic meters. Oblast'. The powerplant is on the left bank locat10n between the spillway section and Stone laying, 3,897 cubic meters. of the Don River. · the lock. Proposed installations would ·in­ Selected references: Rutkovskiy, S. G. Gid­ Brief history: The development was built clude 4 Kaplan-type vertical turbines of 37 - rotekhnicheskaya Ustanovka NA R. Gumiste­ between 1949 and· 1952. The power station 500 ho_rsepower rating and 4 generators of 25'.­ Sukhumges, Gidrotekhnicheskoye Stroitel'­ generated its.first industrial current in June ?00 kilovolt-ampere rating. There will be stvo (Moscow), No. 7, 1937, page 34. ·· 1952. Navigation from the Sea of Azov to interconnection with the Lower Svir' plant for transmitting energy to Leningrad. · the reservoir began in April 1953. The PROJECT: STALINGRAD Donskoy main irrigation canal was filled with Capacity: There will be no reservoir, the plant will be of the run-of-the-river type Location: On the Volga at its confluence water from the reservoir in April 1953. .with the Aktupa, on the northern outskirts Brief description: The dam ha~ the func­ with pondage formed by the dam. Electric capacity (kilovolt-amperes): Pro­ of Stalingrad, Stalingradskaya, Oblast tions of navigation, irrigation, and water RSFSR. supply as well as of power production. The jected 144,000 kilowatts (1937); projected 160,000 kilowatts (1939). Brief history: Organizational and prepar:. major feature is a concrete gravity spillway atory work began in 1950; actual construc­ di;i,m 495.5 meters long and 60 meters wide at _El~ctric output (){ilo'Y.att.:hours/year) : 700 m1ll1on kilowatt-hours estimated (1937). -· 4 tion work on the foundation pit for. the tlam crest, with spillway crest 19 meters .above .a:q.d powerhouse was to begin in the second the tai~ race level. Earth dams totalirtg 12.B Some facts relating to· cos't: ··By-1939 the hi:tlf of ~951. · The first c·oncrete was poured k_ilometers in length and with a base 300 following work had been completed: 653,000 -cubic meters of . concrete · used; · 2,651,500 · for tl;le powerhouse on September 5, 19,54. meters wide include 9.9 kilometers of hy­ .The spillway dam construction . pit was draulic fill with a maximum height of 35 cubic meters of· earth used for embankment· 4,317,000 cubic meters. of earth excavated~ · drained, commencing on June 27, 1955, pre­ meters, and 2.9 kilometers of rolled-fill with . paratory to further excavation and eventual a maximum he-1ght of 11.8 meters. The run­ 200,000 cubic meters of wood' piling used;° · 1,204 meters of steel cut-off piling used. construction. The · project· was initial1y of-the-river hydroelectric 'power station is scheduled for completion in 1955, or before equipped with four vertical 6-blade, 150-ton By April 1948, 615,000 cubic meters of earthwork and 18,0oo· cubic meters of con­ But it appears to have been considerably de­ Kaplan turbines, coupled directly with four layed, with one statement being to the ef­ 40,000 kilowatts vertical umbrella type gen;. crete work were reported as completed. There are indications that nearly 265,000 · fect that five times as much rock and gravel erators. There are two navigation locks, a would be required in 1956 as in 1955 . . river harbor, a railroad and highway across cubic meters of excavation work may have been carried out during 1949 and 1950. Brief description: It is claimed by the So­ the dam, a fish-lock elevator ·and uncom­ viets that it will be the largest construction pleted installations to supply irriga'tion Selected references: Svir'stroy (Lenin­ grad), issues 3, 5, and 6, 1935, pages 3-87; project on the Volga. The dam, largely of · water· to 750,000 hectares and water: supply earthen construction, will be over 5 kilo­ to an area of 2 million hectares. The water Kudyrskiy, A. R. Osrovniye Polozheniya Tekhnicheskogo Proyerta Elektromekhanich­ meters in total length and high enough to distributing system will include the 190 kilo­ raise the water level 26 meters. The dam meters long Donskoy main irrigation camfr eskoy Chasti Gidrostantsii, Svir' II, Sv:ir'stroy (Leningrad), No. 12, 1937, pages 158-181. · itself will be up to 45 meters high. It will extending· from the reservoir, other dis.­ be of the nonoverfiow type, with the earth tributing canals totaling 568 kilometers in portions connecting the spillway, pier, and length and about 140-pumping stations. PROJECT: SUKHUMI DAM .lock portions to the banks. The right ·bank Capacity: The reservoir, with a maximum Location: The main dam is located on the earth dam· will be 1,300 to 1,400 meters long, width of 38 kilometers and an average depth East Gumista River, between Andreyevskoye whereas the left ·bank earth dam will b·e 3614 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-. HOUSE February 2.9. 2,300 meters in length. The foundation pi1! powerhouse on the right bank -and a non..­ Electric capacrty (kilovolt-amperes): 240,- for power plant in some places exceeds 30 overflow earth- dam which rises to a height 000 kilowatts (proposed in 1939). meters ln depth and is 75 hectares in area . . of 33.4 nl'8ters above river bed and founda­ Some facts related to cost; 600,000 cubic Directly related is the construction of the tions, and is 0.5 kilometers wide-at the base­ meters of concrete was used for the dam. gravity-fiow Volga-Ural Canal, about 650 and 700 meters in length at crown. The Selected references: Ust'-Kamenogorskaya. kilometers long, which has been indicated right-bank embankment is 3.4 kilometers Gidroelektrostantsiya, Gidrotekhnicheskoye for completion in 1956. Work (excavation) rong, I6 meters high, has a 2,200,000 cubic Stroitel'stvo (Moscow) No. 6', 19'47, page 27; was indicated as about to start in 1952. Alscr meter .volume and was built by the hydrau­ Korolev, A. A., Ust'-Kameno gorskaya Gidro­ a bypass canal, 6 kilometers long; was- being lic-fill method. The smaller left-bank em­ elektricheskaya Stantsiya ·Na Reke IrtysheJ dug in I954 for ships to pass arou.nd the bankment, built by the same method, is· onlY' Gidrotekhnicheskoye Stroitel'stvo (Moscow), dam' and powerhouse·, apparently a tempo­ 230,000 cubic meters in volume, is 500 meter& No. 6, page 1. . . rary diversion until the pro1ect, includfrlg long and has a maximum height of 15 meters. locks, should be completed. . The lock on the Volga makes possible nav­ P~OJECT: N ARV A tgation control from Gor'kiy to Uglich. Five' The 400 kilovolt transmission line from. . Location: Siightly below the famous falls, Stalingrad-Moscow will be about 1,100 kilo­ Kaplan· 55,000-kilowatt turbines are in­ cluded in the power installations, whicb near N ar.va, Leningrad .Oblast', RSPSR. · · meters long. It is indicated that the energy , Brief history: Final tests on the first tur­ produced will be distributed approximately belongs to the Moscow power system and supplies power to the capitaL bine under pressure were being made in late as follows: 4 billion kilowatt-hours to Mos­ September 1955 and there was a pledge to cow; 1,200,000,000 kilowatt-hours to central Capacity•: The reservoir has an area of 4,700 square kilometers, the largest man-made res"". finish the plant in 1955. areas; 2,800,000,000 kilowatt-hours to Sara­ Brief description: The dam, of the rein­ tov, Stalingrad and Astrakhan areas; 2 bil­ ervoir in the U.S. S. R. It is over 100 kilome­ lion kilowatt-hours for irrigation and water ters long and 50 to 60 kilometers wlde; depth forced concrete spillway type, will not be s.upply in the trans.-Volga and Caspian low­ is as much as 26 meters in places. Maxi­ high and will iorm only· a small head. There will be earth dams on both the right and left Iand areas. mum capacity is given as 11 blllion cubic me­ Some 1,500,000,000 hectares of land wm be ters and effective capacity as 7.6 billion cubic of the spillwa;y dRID. The powerhouse is be­ irrigated due to the electric energy produced meters. low and on the right side of the river., served by the Stalingrad "Power Plant and 11,500,- · Electric capacity (kilovolt-amperes) pro.. by a diversion canal 2 kilometers long. 000,000 hectares will thereby be enabled "to. posed: 220,000, kilowatts (1936), 330,000 kilo­ Capacity: The reservoir will ·have an area have a sumcient water supply. watts (1938); ·installed: 220,000 ·kilowatts of 20,000 hectares, otherwise mentioned as Included will be· turbines and generators (1949). 200 square kilometers. There is mention of of the same type as at Kuybyshev bU:t per­ Electric output (kilowatt-hours per year) two turbines and 120,000 kilowatt capacity. haps only 17 instead' of 20 of ~hem. pro]:)osed: 1 b1llion kilowatt-hours (1936), Some facts relating to cost: About 2 mil­ Capacity: It is estimated that the reservoir, 1 bilHon kilowatt hours (1939); achieved:· lion cubic meters of earth and. 500,000 cubic about 650 kilometers. long and 30 kilometers 92 m :mon kilowatt-hours (1946). meters of rock were excavat~d. wide, will cover 4,500 square. kilo.meters, Some facts relating to cost: The amount of Selected ref~rence: A. A. Belyakov, At the much of it good farm land. work needed was indicated: Narva Waterfalls, Nauka i Zhizn! No. 8, 1954, Electrfo capacity (kilovolt-ampere): from Earth work, 30 million cubic meters. pp. 3-5. a low of l,300,000 kilowatts to 1,700,000 Concrete, 1,400,000 cubic meters. kilowatts (usual) to 2,310,000 kilowatt (re­ Equipment, 7-,800 tons. PROJECT: MINGECHA.UR DAM cent high estimate) . Metal structures, 21,000 tons. Location: This dam on the Kura River is Electric output (kilowatt-hour-year): Brick laying, 7 million pieces. locat~d near the town of Mingechaur (and about 10 bfilion kilowatt-hours (estimated . Rock work, 270,E>OO square meters. the railroad station of the same name) in for average ~ear). · Hydraulic-fill, 10,800,000 cubic meters. the. Khaldanskly Rayon, Azerbaidzhan SSR. Some facts relating to cost: 75 million Selected references: Arngol'd. Verknnev­ cubic meters of earth work are reported as ·· Brief hfstory::· Earth works were first olznskiye Gidroustanovki. Gldrotekhniches­ started. in early ·1945. In June 1947 wo:rk having been..completed, including 62 million koye stroitel'stvo (Moscow), No. 1, 1936, page by hydraulic fill. The total amount of earth was- started en the foundation- pit. In 1951 43; Vyazemskiy 0. V. and · Veselov, V. V., work was started on the hydraulic fill dam. to be moved is indicated as 150 million cubic Gldrostantsiya S Nizkim Mashinnym Zalom I meters, or, includl.ng. the canal, in excess of In 1953 the Mingechaur Sea appeared on the Vneshni~ Rasp_olozheniyem Mashninnykh 500 million cubic .meters. At least 7 million map. As of January 1954, · basic work · at Kranov; Gidrotekhnicheskoye Stroitel'stvQ ;r.ringechaur was completed. At· that time cubic meters of conc.tete will be poured. (Mascow), No. 1/2, 1944, page 16. About 400,000 cubic meters of concrete have the water intake was built as well as th1! been poured, with the amount to increase first stage of the powerhouse for three gen­ to ·1,500,000 cubic meters in 1956 and 3 mil­ PROJECT: UST'-KAMENOGORSK DAM erating units, the outdoor step-up substa­ lion cubic meters per year eventually, for a .. Location: On the Irtysh River, a left tribu­ tion and the step-down receiving substation, period not indicated. tary of the Ob' River, at the village of etc. On January J.01 1954, the two first gen­ . Selected references: The Current Digest of Ablaketk01, above the confluence. of the Abla­ erating units were put in operation. In July the Soviet Press, volume vii, No. 35, October ketka and Irtysh Rivers, about 12 km. from .1954, the fourth unit was put in operation: 12, 1955, · pages 1 T-18, which carries a long the town of Ust'-Kamenogorsk in Vostochno­ . Brief description: The basic purpose of this item frnm Pravda; Loginov, _F. At the Con­ Kazakhstanskaya oblast', Kazakh SSR. development ls the regulation of the fl.ow of struction Site of the Stalingrad Hydroelectric ' Brief history: Preparatory work com­ the Kura River, not only for. power produc.­ Power Plant, Pravda, October 25, I9S4, page 2; menced in 1938 and actual work started in tion but. !or irrigation and improvement of Davydov, Eng. M. The Giant Power Devel­ 1944. The first concrete was poured in 1948. navi'gation between the town of Yevlakh and opment · in Stalingrad, Kul'turno-Prosve­ The second unit was installed in August 1952. the Caspian Sea. There is, however, no navi- titel'nava rabota, 1952. The third unit was installed in December gation lock. · 1952. The dam, an earth dam of hydraulic-fill PROJECT: SHCHERBAKOV DAM Brief description: This. is the first com­ type, built in the shape of a deep areh is Location: This most northeasterly project pleted project of 3 planned since 1938 on 1,540 meters in total length, 520 meters thick of the upper Volga power developmoent the Irtysh River. It will be the second up. at the base and has a maximum height above (which includes Uglich and Ivan'kovo as stream dam when the entire system is built. foundations of 87.5 meters. Various rein­ ·welf) is near the confluence of the Volga -There are· mo11e than the usual uncertain­ _for.ced concrete structures, intakes, spillway and Sheksna, a left tributary. Shcherbakov ties as to details, two full plans having and discharg,e sluices, are built into the earth is the nearest large town. .been prepared, with, as yet no definite in­ dam. The powerhouse, located at the- tail Brief history: Work began in the winter Jormation as to which was carried out. The ·race slope of the dam, included installations of 1935-36. The first unit was installed in dam is indicated as 45 meters thick at the ·of 4 vertical Francis turbines and 4 vertical November 1941, development being continued :base, 67.2 meters in maximUll1 height, and 50,000 kilowatts generators as of July 1954, during the war in order to supply electric ·perhaps as much as: 421.7 meters· in length :with installation of 2 more units anticipate~. power to Moscow. A se<:ond unit was in• .at the crown. The maximum head would Four main irrigation canals are fed from the stalled in January 1942, a third in September be about 40-41 meters. The spillway would reservoir to irrigate about 1,500,000 hectares 1945 an'd a fifth in 1949. be 122 meters, the nonoverflow section at the of Kura and Araks lowland. · · Brie! description: The installations on the left bank 120 meters and the nonover:flow Capacity: The reservoir is about 75 kilo­ Volga consist of a concrete- gravity spillway . section between lock and right bank 70 meters in length, 13 kilometers. in width, has .dam a little more than 30 meters in height ·meters. A 1-chamber 1-ock 180 meters long an area of 630 square kilometers and a ca­ above the river bed and foundations, and serves navigation. A 6 unit powerhouse pacity of about 17 cubic meters. about 100 meters in length at crown, wit;h -was planned for Francis, 40,000 kilowatts, . Electric capacity (kilowatt-amperes): pro­ 8 sluices, each 8.5 meters wide and 5 meters · 125 revolutions. per minute . turbines and posed, 300,000 kilowatts (1946 and rater); in­ high. · There are embankments on both generators: of the umbrella. type. The plant stalled, 200,000 kilowatts- (as of July 1954). banks, a twin lock at the left and a right­ is interconnected with j;he Altay Power Sys­ · It was anticipated' that all ·six generating bdnk eart'h dam. tem. ·units would be in operation at full capacity The development on the' Sheksna River Capa_city: Th~ dam ~arses the w~ter level at the end of 1954, giving · an installed c~­ includes- embankments on both banki, a · in the river for 80 kilometers. :{>acity ·of· 300,000 kilowatts.

l -- 1956 · CONGRESSIONAL RECORD;;...;;.. HOUSE - 3615 Electric output (kilowatt hours/year) : No gation pumping for 1 million hectares -of_ -PROJECT: KNYAZHAYA GUBA information available except what may be land in the trans-Volga area. . Location: Beyond the Arctic Circle, on the derived by. computation from above" There will be 17 to 20 adjustable blade Kovda. River, where it empties into Kanda­ Some :facts relating to cost: The total . hydroturbines rated at 126,000 kilowatts each laksha. Bay of the White _Sea, Murmansk • volume of the earth dam is about 30 million for normal head and sometimes estimated as Province. _ cubic meters.· It. was necessary to excavate low as 105,000 kilowatts for minimum head, ·Brief history: After exploratory work, ac- about 9 million cubic meters of earth for the each to weigh 1,600 tons. It is claimed by iuarwotk on·the ·station began in early 1952. " foundation of the dam and-other struct.ures. the Soviets · that .,the generators - are ·the- . The first 'unit ·of the station. was put in op­ The total volume of., reinforced concrete l~rgest ever assembled. " 'l'hey will _ be 40. · eration in October 1955. ' structures in the development is about 1 meters tall, equivalent to an 8 or 9 story Brief description: The river · and lake ' million c-y.bic meters. . . building in height. Each hour a mass of (Kovdozero) exits were blocked, and water Selected references: Veytkov, F. L .. Ut­ water equal to 1,800,000 cubic meters, a lake sent from the elevated lake across a narrow . verzhdeniye Tekhnicheskogo Proyekta Min­ 1 kilometer square -and 2 meters deep, will i_sthmus to ~he sea, utilizing: the total drop gechaurskogo Gidrouzla., Gidrote..::hn~ches­ flow through the turbine. The ·foundation of about 53 meters. The blocking dam of koye Stroitel'stvo (Moscow), 1947, No. 8, _page pit of the spil~way section will be l.200 meters earth is 9'00 meters long. .Lo .nger dikes were . 28: Domanskiy, v. E. Opyt Vozeedeniya·Krup- long, 450 me~e:rs wide, and. 20 meters deep-:-.. built at low points 'in the ridge. TJ;>.e station" . noy Namyv.noy Plotiny, . Gidrotkhn1cheskoye that fpr the powerplant will ]:)e 3oo meters· is said to be· coinplE!tely automatic. . . " .. Stroitel'stvo (Moscow); 1954, .No. 1, pages long and 45 to 50 metei:s dee_p. Many .we~ls . Capacity: Reservoir has a usable volume l°p-13. - • . I ,· ")'", ,· • and pumping are required to control seep-. ' of. aim.ost 2 billion cubic meters. age. . · · · · . · · ' . _ .. SoIJ!e fac~s- relati~g .tp cost: In , this pre- . PROJEC· T~ Kuz'MINSKAYA DAM. The transmission· will involve new design i ttl d ·.t . · • " · ' ·· ' · · · to transm-it alternating 3-phase at 400 kflo- .. v pu~ 1.Y . uns~ e , are~ 1 W'as · necessary· to Location: It is located .on 'the Oka River, volts. More than 900 kilometers of. trans-· build a settlemel!t as well as the project, . . . a .right tributary of hie Volga, ·near Ktiz'inin- mission line will be involved and 5o,o.oo to;ns . 6,.20~.000 cubic meters of earth t;tnd rock were skaya Village; upstream from the town of of steel will be used in the er.ection, along moved, 115,000 culJic meters of concrete Ryazan', Ryabanskaya Oblast. · . with 70Q,OOO cubic meters of earthwork and poured and i,300 'tons of steel used, ·as well Br.ief history: The dam was completed by 200,000 cubic meters of concrete work. The as roads, powerlines and telephone lines the end of 1946 and put in operation in 1948. conductor will be aluminum over a steel built. . Brief description: No details are available core; some 2o,OOO kilometers of cable and Selected references: Especially Izvestia and but this apparently is a low dam on a rather 600,000 insulators will be. involved. Towers, . Pravda. for October 21, 1955, .as reported by small river'. The· river varies from 140 to 430 about half a kilometer apart, will weigh 7 to .the cw-rent .D,igest of .the Soviet. Press, .vol. meters in width and the depth near-Ryazan' 18 tons and be. as tall as a 7 story building. . v_ii, No., 42, ;Novi;imber 30, 1955, p. 15 et seq. varies from 2 to 5 meters with an extreme Split conductors will be used-3 conductors of 10 meters. The lock in the dam contrib- for each phase of alternating current, or 9 PROJECT: KHRAMI DAM utes to control of 'navigat'ion on the river. conductors for the 3-phase transmission. Location: On the Khrami River near its The power is apparently largely· utilized by Uncommon use will be ma'de· bf condensers. confluence with the Agri-Chay River, near nearby collective farms. It is anticipated that about 6 billion kilo- · the village of Barmaksiz in Tsalkinskiy Capacity: The river serves as a .reservoir. watt-hours per year will be transmitted. to Rayon, Georgian S.' S. R. Electric capacity (kilovolt-amperes): In- Moscow, ·but to -utilize this power it will Brief historf: Construction started in stalled capacity 1,000 kilowatts. be necessary to reorganize' the power systei;n 1935; one tunnel was completed in 1939. Ele_ctric output (kilowatt-hours/year): _ of Moscow; especially to · reconstruct it~ Construction was interrupted by the war ' 12~.~00 kilowatt:--h<:>urs (1953) .. , · : .'. , . untlerground cable network: · · · • .but -"there ''is no information _on · damage:-. . Some facts relating to costs:. 10.~00 ~UblC. ; . Capacity: The ·Kuybyshev Sea will stretch. work ;progressed a,nd the' -reservoi~ 'was filled ; meters of earth excavated; 4;,500.cubic mete.vs 580 ·kilometers ·along the Volga, 300 kilo-­ 'in 1946.. The fir!'lt generating unit was J?Ut ~f concrete~ work done; 5,?00 cubic meters of meters along the Kama, will ·have a maxi­ into operation late ii::i December 1947. lumber used; ~25 tons of iron used and 1,500 . mum width of ·4o ·kilom·eters, cover an area of -Brief description: The ·full development tons of cement use~. , - , more that 5,500 square kilometers, and have inchides di.tm works, diversion and power · Sele.c:ted _ refe~ences: A.zmechatel n~ye Pe- a capacity of 19,500,000,000 .cubic meter&. station: The headworks 'consists of the dam, r~men_y,, ,Na_uka t ,Zh1zn __ (Mosc_ow)', N:o .. l:· ' Electric 'capacity , (kilovolt-amperes): the overflow saddle spillway, and a 221 meters 1953, .PP· 30-32; . Basseyn Verkhney Volg1 1,700,000 kilowatts (lower estimate), 2 mil­ long bypass tunnel discharge conduit. The U _Oki, Spravochnik Po Vodnym Resursam lion kilowatts (:usual estimate), and 2;100,000 dam is of the rock-fill type with a stainless· SSSR (Moscow)• 1936, vol. 3, pt. 2, pp. 130- kilowatts (higher estimate). . . steel facing on the headrace side,_a qhannel 131, Electric output (kilowatt-hours/year): 11 discharge spillway on the left side and a by­ billion kilowatt-hours (estimated annual pass discharge tunnel on the right side. The PROJECT : . KUYBYSHEV average) . maximum height of the dam above founda­ Location: Near Zhigulevsk on the Samara . Some facts relating to cost: It perhaps tions is 30 ·meters. The length at crown is bend of the lower Volga, Kuybyshevskaya should be noted that this development, much 113.5 meters. . Oblast', RSFSR. more than most, wi;ts to a compara.tively high . Capacity: The capacity of the reservoir is .Brief history: Work was reported as .well degree mechanized and employed a consider­ variously estimated as 230 million cubic advanced in 1952 and scheduled for comple­ able amount of what we may call for want of meters to about 350 million cubic meters. tion, in 1955 or shortly thereafter. . The first a .better term, automation. A. very ·early The power station is operated as an inter­ ~ydrogenerator was reported as completed estimate (1936) was that 206,000,000 cubic connected peakload plant to cover deficien­ early. in 1954. The lower navigation lock, meters of earth and. rock would be excavated cies in power supply during dry months when said to have been built in less than 4 years, and over 3 million cubic meters of concrete other Georgian power stations have a de­ was reported. as opened on July 31, 1955. would be poured. Some 12 billion cubic , cline in product-ion . . Installations include 3 Eight turbines were reported as having been meters were removed from the foundation 30,000-kilowatt gener·ators. delivered in March 1955. . pit for the powerhouse, . Th,e two lower lock Electric capacity (kilovolt-amperes): pro- , Brief descrfptio'n: The dam is largely or' chambers were .reported as requiring 630,000- Iiosed 90,000 kilowatts ( 1937; 1939) ; installed, ,. earth cpnstruction, about 3.9 kilometers in' c.ubic meters .of concrete, more than 5 million 90,000 kilowatts ( 1951) . . length, 36 meters wide, and rises to a .height· cubic meters of earth were moved a:n,d placed, Electric output (kilowatt-hour/year) : pro­ of 36 meters. Initial construction efforts in­ 35,000 tons · of structures installed. More posed 27 million kilowatt-hours (1937r. volved a .huge coffer dam -4.5 kilometers long than 30,000 ton_s of piling were driven. For Some facts relating to cost: and 18 meters high at some points. A third the main structures . it is, estimated that ·Total · volume of earth and rock work on coffer dam, to go, .around. tl}e .ferroconcrete 160 million cubic -meters of earthw~rk are dam, 1 million cubic meters. spillway -dam excavation, was 8 kilometers required, 8 million cubic meters" of 'concrete" · -Total concrete ·work; 200,000 cub.le meters. long. Four large concrete constructions are and reinforced .concrete and almost 100,000 Metal structures and reinforcements; included-the spillway dam, the powerhouse, tons of metal constructions assembled. 25,000 tons. and upper and lower locks: The spillway Selected references: Electrification of the Selected references: Eristov.. V. S. Plotina dam is 1,200 meters long. Shiplocks will U. s. S. R., U. S. S. R. Information Bull~tin, Iz Kamennoy Nabroski, Gidrotekhniches­ consist of 2 sets of locks on 2 levels and a December 31, 1951, p. 763, Venikov, V. A., 400 koye Stroitel'stvo (Moscow), 1945, No. 4/ 5, kilovolt Transmission Line Nauka. i Zhizn•, 3-kilometer sector between wh.::re winter pp. 3-7; No. 6, pp. 1-7; Sooruzheniye Napor­ anchorage and shipyard will be. Railway No. 4, April 1953, pages 6-12; Razin, N. V. nogo Tunnelya. ·vysokonapornoy Reguliruy• Mekhanizatsiya Zemlyanykh Rabat Na Kuy­ lines were built to the project at both banks ushchey Ges Bol'shoy Moshchnosti, Gidrote­ of the river, some 162 kilometers in total. byshevgidrostroye (Mechanization of Earth­ khnicheskoye Stroitel'stvo (Moscow), 1948, An overhead cableway to transport materials work at Kuybyshev Hydro Power Construc­ to concrete plants was erected. tion Project) Gidrotekhnicheskoye Stroitel'­ No. 11, pp. 15-19 and No. 12, pp. 17-23. It was reported that 10 plants with a total stvo, ~o. l, 1954, pages 5-_10; Kronzin I .• output of 4,500,000 cubic meters of concrete Kuybyshev GES Must be Pu.t Into Opera.. PROJECT: KAMA DAM per year were built ~or the co~structiteworthy as :the .first structure of its kind· will cover 2,000 square kilometers; the ca- · tel'stvo (Moscow), 1936, No. 10, pages 30-35; in the U. &. &. R.-the generating units· being· pacity will be as much as 19 billion cubic Kechek, K., Ka:nakirsltaya Ge's, Gidrotekhni­ installed under the spillway openings, ·inside meters. . chesltoye Stroitel'stvo (Moscow). 193~. No. 9, the dam, between the piers. There are 24 · Electri-c capacity (kilowatt-amperest: 250',- · pag.es 25-33. spillway opeBings. Turbines are o! a medium · 000. kilowatts (as initially planned). capacity· (21,000· kilowatts). Six were in- - Electric output (kilowatt-hours/year): PROJECT: FARKHAD DAM stalled in 1954 ·and the pl~n . includes ·six; 1,400 million kilowatt-hours (estimated an­ Location: On the Syr-Dar•ya River, at the more to be installed by the end -Of um& ... nual a·verage). Another estimate puts the Begovat Rapids, in the F-ergana Valley, near· with 24 as the ultimate goal. .The plant wtll averag.e as law as 1,200 million kllowatt­ provide powe:i; for the Molotov, Sverdlovsk,· Khilkovo Railroad station and 14 kilometers . hours. upstream. and east of the town of Begovat, · and Chelyabinsk regions; A six-chamber Some facts relating to cost: More than 27 lt>O kilometers southeast o! Tashkent on the t:win naviga:tion lock is under construction, · million. cubic. meters of earth were moved, : border of Uzbek and the Tadzhik SSR. tlirough which it is 'anticipated considerable cir to be moved. Some 1,250,000 cubic meters · Brief history: Work. began i~ 1942 and: amounts of Oi'e.s and grains, -and large of concrete ·were poured; 120,000 tons of steel amounts of timber will mo:ve. the first stage o! the pc;>wer plant started _ structure, reinforcements, and equipment operations in 1947. In 1948 the second gen- , Capacity: The· dam ts expected' to create .were. assembled, and 30,000 tons of piling a reservoir covering 200,00U hectare with a erating unit was not yet ir. opetation. . were driven. Brief desci:iption: .A: concrete spillway dam - volume of to cubic kilometers. It will raise . Selected references: Pravda. October 19, the water level for a · distance of 330 kilo- · with 8 stony gates rises 2'6 td ·20 meters 1_955, page 2, f!.S carried. by the Current Digest in height above the river bed and founda .. meters on the Kama River and 170 kilo- . of the Soviet Press, volume vii, No. 42, No­ meters on the Chusovaya River. The reser­ t~ons. It is 100 meters . along the spillway. vember 30, 1955, page .14; the "Pet" Child of The spillway part of the .dam is connected_ voir will be 25- to -30 kilometers wide in the Peoples of the Soviet Union, Siavyan, places and· the water level will be raised 21 V{ith a 410-m~'ter long and 28 meter non-- No .. 6, ·June 1954, pages 42-46; Andrianov, S., overflow earth dam which becomes an em­ meters. Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant Will . Electric capacity (kilowatt-an?peres} : 3'50;- ... bankment on the left bank of the river. · Start . Generating Power . for the Country There are no locks.· The in take is 80 meters _ ooo kilowatts (proposed in 1935); 12u,ooo · ~ Ahead of Schedule, Pravda, July 29, 1955., . kilowatts (installed in 19541; 504,000 kilo- . long ·and leads into a diversion canal 13.8 - ~age 2. kilometers long, 40 meters wide at the bot­ watts (ultimate proposed) ~ tom, 97 meters wide at the top and 12 meters . Electric output (kilowatt-hours/year-): No PROJECT: GYUMUSH DAM information other than what may be derived deep which leads to the powerhouse on the by computation from the above. Location: The powerhouse is on the left . left bank of the river, 13.8 kilometers from Some facts relating to cost: The following bank of the Razdan River, about 6.6 kilo- . t!le dam and in or near the town of Bego­ amounts of materials were indicated as meters from the village of Gyumush, Ar­ vat. Installations include 4 units rated. used: menian, S.S. R. The dam itself is near the for a 32-meter head. An irrigation canal Excavation work, 6,900,000 cubic meters. village of Agpara, about 35 kilometers from carries the water further into the southern Rock work, 520,000 cubic meters. Lake Sevan. This project belongs. to the. part of the Golodnaya Step·~ Hydraulic fill,.. 14,200,000 ·cubic meters. Lake Sevan-Razdan River hydropower de­ Capacity: The reservoir 1s 60 kilometers Concrete and reinforced concrete, 9170,000· · velopment, !or which eight powerplants were lo~g, reaching the to.wn .of Leninabad. It cubic meters. proposed for construction on the Razdan . has a capacity of 360 million cubic met.era. - Steel structures and bridges, 25,800 tons. River. Electric capacity: 120,000 kilowatts (prn­ Steel piling, 22,500 tons. Brief history: The start of construction posed in 1946) . Selected references: Vasil'yev, A. F., Per­ was planned for 1'936 with operation to begin Electric output: No information available ekrytiye Reki Pri Stroitel'stve Krupnoy Ges at the end of 1939-. However, in 1948 aux­ except as may be derived by· computation Gidrotekhnicheskoye Stroitel'stvo (Moscow). iliary structures were being constructed and . based on the above. !954, No. 2, page l; Zagorodnikov, B. I., a major part of the excavation work was Some facts relating to cost: The first stage Kamskaya Gidroelektricheskaya Stantsiya apparently done in 1946-4-7. At the end of of the construction was to involve: Gidrotekhnicheskoye Stroitel'stvo (Moscow),, 1952, construction work was indicated. as Earth excavation, 14,300,000 cubic meters. 1948, No. 12, page 30; Uspenskiy, B. s., nearing completion, but the power station Earth fill, 3,200,000 cubic meters. O Vybore Tipa G1droelektrostantsiy .Gidro­ was still under construction. Rock work, 260,000 cubic meters. tekhn1cheskove Stroitel'stvo (Moscow). 1948,­ Brief description: The river is not naviga­ Concrete and reinforced concrete, includ- No. 3, page I9. ble-so the dam serves only for production o! ing 3,500 tons of steel parts, 288,000 cubic power. The headworks consists of a rock­ meters. fill da:m having a maximum height above PROJECT: KAKHOVKA The earth dam with a 600,000 cubic-meter riverbed and above foundations of 15.5 volume was built by the hydraulic-fill Location: Just below Kakhovka and near. meters, a length of 163 meters of which 105· Kazatskoye Village on the lower Dnepr, Kher­ method. The concrete part of the d&m meters is length at· crown. An earth dam was 112,000 cubic-meter volume. sonskaya Oblast', Ukrain·e, of maximum height of 5.5 meters and 164 Brief history: Construction began about · Selected references: Poslavskiy, V. V., Poy­ meters length is involved as is a water in­ arkov, V. F., Simonov, V. M., Pregrazhdeniye 1950. Navigation lock.1 we.re used beginning take, 30 meters wide, with an automatic spill­ in June 1955. The first turbine unit was put­ Rusla Reki Syr.:.Dar'yi Na Golovnom Uzle way. The diversion canal- is 18.4 kilometers Sooruzheniy Farkhadskoy Gidrostantsii, Gi­ in production in October 1955 and the second long, of· which about- 7- kilometers is open on November 23, 1955. drotekhnicheskoye Strolitel'stov (Moscow), canals and aqued~cts and 11.3 kilometers of No. 3, 1945, pages 4-7; Farkhadstroy, Gidro­ Brief description: A hydraulic-fill dam tunnels. The capacity is 60 cubic meters per tekhnicheskoye Stroitel'styrvo (Moscow, No. cuts across the river to a reinforced concrete second. 'Fhe power installations do, or will, 12, 1946, page 23. dam about 450 meters long with 28 spillways. include 6 vertical, 45,000-kilowatt Francis Then comes the p0werhouse, with 6 turbines, turbines co'upied with 43,000-kilowatt gen­ weighing abciut 2,000 tons each, next ·to erators. An auxiliary circuit consists of a PROJECT: DNEPR DAM which is the lock, at the entrance of which generator dri-ven by a Pelton turbine. The ·Location: The dam is immediately up­ stands the intake structure. The hydraulic­ power will be !ed into the Armenian and stream from Khortitsa Island in the Dnepr ftll dam continues to the outskirts of Novaya Trans-Caucasian networks. River, below its confluence with the Samara Xakhovka; beyond which starts the Krasnoz­ Capacity: Lake Sevan, into which 27 rivers River and about 10 kilometers below the for­ namenskiy irrigati0H canal, to serve 2,400,- and streams flow, hut.only the Razdan River mer rapids in this river. It is south of the 000 acres of semiarid steppe. The earth dam flows out, serves as a natural reservoir. Kichkas Settlement and near the city of Zap-

l 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE .3617 orozh'ye. Zaporozhskaya Obla.st'. Ukrain­ 1nclud1ng Zaysan Lake, with one estlmaiie cost of 1 kilowatt-hour at the bnsbars of the .ianSSB . . of 30 billion cubic meters. step-up substation will be 0.44 .kopecks." ' Brief history: The fust construction sta:rt­ It is said that it wiU supply twice as much It perhaps should be noted that in 1955 it ed in t92'1 and W!Ul completed in 1932.. Por­ power as the Ust'-Kamenagorsk plant. Es­ 'Was .complained (see Balienchuk in sources) tions of 1t were substantially de.molished 1n timates range from a high of 520,000 Id.lo­ that mainly because of ·troubl'e with regard 1943. Reconstruction was .started in 1944 .watts to a minimum of 263~ 000 kilowatts to spare parts: ''* "' , • the operations of and was completed in 1949. - l}apaeity and an estimated output of 2,450, ea:rth· e:xcav.ators :and eranes :cost the .con­ Brief description: This development is the .000,000 kUow.att-hours per year. struction last year 1,600,000 rubles more tbau largest hy-f steel will be m;ed for cutoffs and more in Transportnoye Znacheniye Gidrotekh­ possibly Nikopol' Dam. The dam is a rein­ than 150,000 cubic meters of earth and nicheskikh. Sooruzheniy. series 1, No. 4. In­ forced concrete gravity-arched type with 47 brick will be placed. stitut Po Izucheniyu Istorii I Kul'tury SSS&, spillway gates. Thickness of the dam at the Selected references: Krutikov, I, On the Munich,, 1.944; Ba.tenchuk, Ye.., Obstacles to base is a,bout 40 meters. The piers -are- 62 Upper Irtysh, Pravda, June .29, 19S4, page 2. a Complete Utilization of Techn«:al Equip­ meters above the riverbed and the f<0unda­ ment at t he .Angaragesstroy, Pravda. April 3, tion, the spillway 44 meters high. The length PROJECT: ANGARA 1955, page 2; Dmitri,yevskly, P . .Al.. Baykal'.,. of the spillway section is 611 meters, that of Location·: In the Tegion of the so-called .skaya · Hydraulic Installation on Angara the nonoverilow .section 250 meters. A three­ dip, where the difference of .about .30' meters ,River, Gidrotekhnichesko.fe . Strait.el~stvo, cham·ber lock with an estimated freight ca­ exi~ts between the upper and lower levels Di October 1937, No. 10, pages 27-32. pacity of 2 million tons per year is located at the Angara River, some 10 kilometers from the left bank; it eliminates the rapids and the considered the construction, on the An­ Brief history: The 'building 'Of embank­ high. The powe.rhouse, immediately below gara River alone, of 6 large hydro :proJects · ments was reporited .as rapidly progressing the intake dam on the right bank, includes with~ total capacity of 9 million kilowatts in October 1954. ·installations of 9 vertical Francis type tur­ and an annual output of 61,300,000,000 kilo­ Brief description: The spillway dam will bines rated at 106;000 horsepower, 3 of them watt-hours. With 7 additional projects on raise the water leve1 24 meters. There are manufactured in ·Newport News, Va. There tributaries the planned capacity would be .also two large earth dams. a powerbouse and are nine ·90,000 kilovolt-amperes, 72,000 'kilo­ increased to 12 million kilowatts. It was two reinforced conerete two-chamber .ship watts, 83.3 revolutions per minute generators, planned to build the first hydroelectric plant locks. 3 of them manufactured by the General Elec­ at the outflow of Angara from Baykal. Capacity: The reservoir is indieated as a tric Co. The plant is Interconnected with The war years halted whatever work had large one. several times the size of the Moskva the Dnepr and Donbass power networks. been started. The postwar plans involved Sea. capacity: The estimated capacity of the some modification and instead of 2 upper The power plant is claimed by the Soviets reservoir is .3 billion <:ubie meters. It extends projects, 1 hydroelectric power station is be­ to be one of the largest being built in the 150 kilometers up the Dnepr River .and 100 in,g built. the first of several. Work, prelim­ .country. kilometers up the Samara River. .At Dnepro­ inary or otherwise, was resumed in 1949 and Some facts related to oost: 20 million <:ub.ie petrovsk, about 70 kilometers upstream, the this first plant is now under construction. meters of soil will be dug from the river and water level .is raised 4 meters. Brief -Oescription; According to incomplete dams iilled with 16 .million cubic meters of Electric capacity (kilovolt-amperes); data the development will utilize an .earth­ dirt. Some 7,850,000 cubic meters of con­ 558,000 kilowatts ( 193"9); 630,000 kilowatts gravel fill dam of over 10 million cubic crete will be needed for the ;;plllway dam and (peak load); 648,000 .kilowatts (planned in meter volume. Another Soviet source indi­ ship lock. ·194'7); 648,000 kHDwatts (achieved in 1949). cates that it will be 65 to 80 feet above the .Selected .references; At the Construction Electric output (kilowatt hours per year): river and will .require more than 3.50 million of the Votkinsk Hydroelectr-ic Power Plant, .2.058,000,000 kilowatt hours (19.39).; 2,221,­ cubic feet of fill. There will be no spillway Pravda, August 16, 1954, page l • DOO,OOO kilowatt hours (1949); 2,271,000,000 dam-.surplus water will be discharged ki:lowatt hours (estimated 1946). through an aperture made inside the rein­ PROJECT; SliIROKOllSKAY.A DAM The powerplant ls expected to work .5,000 forced concrete powerhouse. A navigation Location: This dam is located on the Kos'­ hours a year providing the forebay level is 1ock wlll be Included. 'Much mention is va River, a left-bank tributary of the Kama -at 52 meters elevation and the flow is 200 made of the low temperatures of winter, up .River, a.bout 20 kilometers up.stream and -cubic· meters per second. · · ·to 40... . · ..southeast of the town of Gubak.ha in the Some facts relatmg to cost : For the f rock. output at 3,800,UOO,OOO kilowatt-hours. A ating unit was put lnto .operation in 1946 or Selected r.eferences~ Rudenko. A. A., Mer­ more Tecent omcial statement is that it wm 1947. oprtyatiya . Po Vosstanovleniyu Plotiny, produce more than twice the amount of · Brief description~ The dam consists of Gidrotekhnicheskoye Stroitel'stvo {Moscow), ·energy generated at :the Dnepr which is vari:­ four tnterre1ated parts. 'There ls ~ right­ 1.946, No. ~ page 20; Intsertov, D. D. Raz­ ously tndicated bet-ween 558,000 and t>48,000 bank; rock-fiU dam, about 4'0 meters· high, rusheniye I Sostoyaniye Utselevshikh Kon­ kilowatts. which f:s '81.5 meters thick at·the base and struktsiy Gidrostantsii, Gidrotekhnicheskoye Some facts Telating to' cost: What must 280 meters in length at the crown. The Stro1tel'stvo (Moscow)., 1946, No. 3, page 24; ·have been a very prel1minary 1937 estimate .Spillway

gre~ e1lmlnate the requirement that irriga­ to cost, undel' ordina-ry business -standards. that even the experts become confused tion projects show finandal :feasibU1.ty • -• " would be limited to tb.e eapitaU~ed value or about the true situation. the principle of full reimbursement has pr.esent worth of future net revenues to be It is not :a pleasant duty for me ·to ceased to be useful or necessary. The Gov­ derived .from operatlon of the works con­ ernment haS come to be reoogn1zed as an structed. stand here and oppose the distinguished agency for social and economic uction which ...... chairman of the Committee on Interior need not .follow tbe rules of the privabe · · Tire estimates of agricti1tuta1- benefits and .Insular Affairs, the gentleman from capital market '* • • socml benefits and have been challenged from many .sources California fMr . .ENGLEl, a very 1ine man, national interests should be .clearly diff.er­ and one of the ,strong dissents was made a very fair.chairman. I might .say the entiated from those 'for wbich reimourse­ by the Department of Agriculture in a · same thing for the distinguished g~ntle­ ment should be required. -• • - • Whte it cannot properly .be regar-ded as subsidies. • • · • The justifi­ age project. Also the Bureau of the We have had a lot o.f discussion from cation for public investment in irrigation is Budget, in r·eporting >0n the initial proj­ the experts .here. .I would like to just that there are public ends to b.e attained ect recommended by Secretary McKay, bring to the attention of the House some which the commercial price system cannot specified that the economic justification 'Of the little fundamental things-maybe reflect." of all of the 11 reclamation. projects they do not mean a whole lot, but on the Such terms as "social benefits," "publie should be reexamined in cooperation other.hand they might have a consider­ ends," and "national interests," have no with the Secretary of Agriculture. able bearing on this project and its mor.e determinati-On in financial terms One example of the .abuse of the benefit­ .feasibility. than would the terms "private ends" and cost ratio is in the Bureau of Reclamation's I say to the Members of this House that estimates far the Beedsk~dee project. It i.s "family interests," when used by a pri­ I do not trunk this is a feasible _project. claimed that there are indirect benefits of We have had a great deal of discussion vate individual in attempting to obtain $638.~00, public benefits of $313,100, and di­ a personal loan. The projection of such rect benefits of $614,500. When ali these are about ~ substance that is found in the terms in calculations of reimbursability added and compared with the c.ast in real canyon walls where you are going to raise the obvious question -of v.rh-o is to dollars of .expenditur.e, a bene.fit-cost ratio store up this water; I believ,e it is called determine their value. Upon whom is to ()f l.46 to 1 is i:eached. Thus it ls easy to Chinle shale. I think everybody recog­ rest the responsibility of translating see that if only direct benefits were consid­ nizes the presence of it. It is merely a ered, the r.atio w.ould betray the unsound­ question of how many miles of it are in vague uncertainties into realistic terms? ness of the project. Now let us see what In the present instance it would not be the river banks of"the area that is going these so-called indirect .and public benefits to be the reservoir., if you please. elected public servants of the people who a.re. Ind.irect benefits are "the increase in. are directly responsible to those whom profits of all business enter_prises handling, I hold in my hand here first a report they represent for the careful husbandry processing, and marketing products from the from a man who allegedly is an expert of public funds. To the contrary, it· project, and pr-0fits-0f all enterprises supply­ on these matters. I also have some of would be the bureaucrats who love dearly ing goods and services to the project farm­ the shale that came from the part of to spend more and more public money ers." Public benefits are "increase or im­ the river that was examined by this dis­ provement in settlement and investment tinguished gentleman. under almost unlimited terms of discre­ opportunlties, community facilities, and tion, and who hav.e never demonstrated a As I hold it up for ydu to look at it stabilization of the local and regional seems Hke pretty solid material, but let dedication to careful ft.seal scrutiny or economy." rigid economy in the expenditure of pub­ us see what happens to it when you put lic moneys. Together with the agencies It is difficult to find a -proper eharac­ a little bit of it in water as I do now. and bureaus, representatives of the bene­ terization for an ageney employed by the Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Chairman~ will ficiary States thenise1ves would comprise Government to -serve the interests -of the gentleman yield for a .question? the Nation which could seriously plac·e a Mr. HALEY. Not at this time.- the formal court of rev~ew and the agency for the interpretation and trans­ monetary estimate upon such ajumQle of 'Let us see what the expert says about lation of benefit-cost. These would be indeterminates as this. this shale: · in . every sense -of the wcrds, ex parte The Bureau's estimate on ·the Ham­ The Chinle shale 1s expos.ed along the juc;igments from which there would be mond project is a benefit of $~1.50 per canyon -vyalls of tbe Colorado and San . Juan 'Rivers for an aggregate distance of >about 50 no court of appeal and. no review.. The acre per year. The Bureau also esti­ mates that the irrigation farmers on the river miles within the proposed reservoir presumptions ~lready adopted in this area. ..Its importance to the proposed res­ connection are so gr_eat that it has re­ project wm be able to pay only $2.0·2 per acre per year for water. Thus the ervoir a-rea lies in the fa.ct that it imme­ smted in the· sponsors of the act telling diatcely underlies the canyon-formi~ Win­ taxpayers in States fa,.r from the scene direet benefit~ would seem tc be ·20 times gate .and Navajo sandstones and, in areas of the project what they themselves the farmers' ability to pay. - · of exposure of this shale. provides the only stand to gain in selling_more automobiles, It should be noted that in the recent foundation support · for tnese overlying carpet sweepers, and baby carriages to . report -0f the President's Cabinet Com­ cliff-forming rocks. If brought in continuous contact with families subsidized at t'.Q.e rate of ~5,00Q mittee on Water Resourees Policy, which an acre. the President transmitted to the Con­ water from the propose& reservoir this gress on January 1 'i, 19M, it is recom­ Cbinle shale, which now .is pa:rtia11y. pro­ · The Engineers• Joint Council, .a group mended th.at only direct or primary tected in canyon walls above -the river levet, including representatives of five of the would immediately disintegrate and 1fow great engineering societies of the Nation, benefits be used in the calculation of downslope into the reservoir. .More im­ benefit-cost ratios and that the evalua­ portantly, it would undermine and cause had this to say of the benefit-cost ratio tion period be limited to .50. year's. ill in a statement-Principles of a Sound collapse of .all ov.erlying cliff-forming rooks contrast, the Reclamation Bureau has in extensive areas bordering the proposed National Water Policy-issu_ed in· 1951.: included large indirect or secondary reservoir. Ali of :the broken debris :reBUlting Increases in trade and commerce have usu­ benefits evaluated over a 100-year period. from this collapse would move e limited to those we now have some experts on most every­ Mr. UDALL. Mr. Chairman, will the new. and .increased -va1,ues wbich are defi­ thing that could happen in this great gentleman yie1d? ~it~ly mea15ura.ble. SUch ·_ tangible ol.'fsets part of the country. It seems however, Mr:"HALEY. ryield for a question: - 3620 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE February 29 Mr. UDALL. The little nuggets of acres of land that could be .brought into that the accumulated debt for the projects production at a fraction of the cost of recommended by the Secretary, that is, 2 shale that the gentleman put in the storage units and 11 participating projects, water there, I am sure, are going to dis­ this land. According- to the testimony would be over a billion dollars over the re­ solve because I come from a Chinle shale before our committee, we have approxi~ payment period. If you divide that by district. Does the gentleman know that mately 20 million acres of land on the 366,000 acres that would be benefited, it geologists state without contradiction eastern side of the Mississippi River that would be over $3,000 an acre. So the $2,500 that beds of Chinle shale are not per­ could be 'brought . into production. So figure an acre is conservative. meable, that water cannot penetrate why go out there? The gentleman said something about not raising bananas on Now, on this high-price land, bear in such beds? mind that the President has asked the Mr. HALEY. Probably the gentleman Pike's Peak. Well, with the amount of money that you are spending out there, Congress to pass a soil-bank program. is an expert. I do not know. However, So let us see what has been the past his­ the document I have .been reading from you ought to raise something' other than what they are going to produce. tory of the production of the lands was written by a man who supposedly bnmght into use by other projects that is an authority on the-matter. I am a - Let us .see what these acres of land that are going to cost you from $1500 to have been initiated and completed by the layman as you gentleman are and I., as , Bureau -of Reclamation. I think that no you, . must depend on the experts a;id $3000 per acre will-produce. Mr., CHENO'"' WETH-and he qualified , his witness-in one can question that we Will have sim::. authorities for scientific information. ilar production: of commodities in this -Now, let us look at what is left in this asking this que~tion of Mr. Clyde, made tbe following statement: proposed project and ~eading from the experiment. Here is what will be -left 1953 crop summary and related data when the water permeates the shale- · -Mr. GHENOWETH. Mr. Chairman, I also wish froni the table on page 26 of the Bureau mud. · I say you will get that in the to compliment Mr. Clyde and Mr. Stringham of Reclamation report as to commo'dities reservoir or the river, and even a Mis­ on their very fine statements. Mr. Clyde, you are recognized as an au­ produced, many of which are now in sur:. souri River catfish cannot live in that thority on reclamation. I am interested in plus: So we now have this kind of a sit­ mud. the cost per acre that Mr. PILI:.ION asked you uation where there has been requested Mr. Chairman, Echo Park was origi­ about. It seems that opponents of reclama­ that we retire approximately 40 million nally in this bill and they will tell you tion are using the cost per acre as one of acres of land in order to diminish the that now it is out. I say it is not out their principal weapons in their efforts to surplus commodities. We find this sit­ and 'if it is out then you do not have a defeat the authorization of all reclamation projects. What ls your theory in figuring the uation in the report. There are approxi­ feasible project. cost per acre? Should our thinking be re­ mately 66 million bushels of corn, barley, I would ·iike to read from .a report of vised? Is there some loophole here? Are oats, rye, wheat,· sorghum, and other the Committee on Interior and Insular the costs actual and factual, and can they crops produced. We find that for pas­ Affairs, serial No. 11, page 24, wherein be defended? ture hay, fodder, and similar· crops the Mr. Tudor, who was Under Secretary of Mr. CLYDE. Congressman CHENOWETH, the ·report shows that approximately 12 mil- the Interior, was testifying. In response costs are high. That is a part of the price lion tons were produced in 1953. We also to the following question from Mr. ENGLE, we have to pay. find in the same report that cotton is JM:r. Tudor said: · Let tis see how much or how costly produced to the extent ·of 9so,ooo tons. We think Echo Park is a' necessary -part of these acres are. Mr. CHENOWETH goes on The same report 'indicates that approxi"­ the project, yes, sir. and 'says: mately 42 million bags of 100 pounds ·of Mr. ENGLE. You think it would be like tak.;. What could we do to ch_ange that formula? 'potatoes were produced. Citrus, whlch ing the engine out of th~ automobile then? we have an abundance of in this country Mr. TuDoR. I might say ' it might be like He is :talking about· the formula on ·at the moment, were produced in the -taking the pis~ons out., which reclamation projects, I presume: amount of a% million" hundredweight. So, if Echo Park. is no longer a part are built. So the stateme'nt that this land will not of this project, then it, the project, is not Mr. CLYDE. I think we cannot change the produce anything substantial that is a feasible· project. The statements .I formula. I think we have to admit that not now in surplus is incorrect. -· . have read are statements made by your . there are indirect benefits which are not measured in the dollar cost. Does it make sense to continue to bring expert who came here to testify for the You take, for example, central Utah. If land into cultivation· to produce crops project. All that you have before you you take the cost of that project of .$127 whicq are now in surplus and for which is the testimony of these men. In re­ million, as I remember the figures, and at the moment at least cannot be used f erring to the feasibility of this project, divide it by some 240,000 acres· which in­ and. merely means that the surpluses Mr. Tudor, who was then the Assistant cludes the Indian lands, you get a figure that we now have cannot be disposed of • Secretary of the Interior said that with­ of $624 an acre. on the market of our country or the mar­ Mr. CHENOWETH. You show $627? out Echo Park the project is not a feasi- 1 kets of the world. ble project. · . Mr. CLYDE. $627, thank you. Now, that $627 is the figure you get by . One of-the justifications of this project .In response to a question by Chairman dividing that $127 million by that number has been that the Navaho Indians will be MILLER, he said: . of ;:i.cres. benefitted by its construction. On page Mr. TUDOR. We feel definitely that the Mr. CHENOWETH. That does not include 562 of the hearings, identified as part II, feasibi~ity of the entire project would be interest? it is plainly indicated by the following· placed in a hazard if Echo Park w~re lef~ ll4r. CLYDE _. . '.l'hi:i.t d_oes ·not include interest. te'stimony before the Committee on In":' · out and some alternative submitted . . But lo'ok at the benefits, coming to the com­ munity, the State, and the Nation as a terior and Insular Affairs that in order So have -we got a fe'a~ible project? I result of that." to assist the Navaho Indians the tax­ ~ay that we have not. , · Now Mr. ·DAWSON of Utah, tried to deter­ payers are called upon to spoQsor a proj .. Now, let us see what they. sa.y they ar.e mine the cost per acre from Mr. Matthew, ect which would cost $200,000 per In­ going to grow on these lands and what it chief engineer of the Colorado River Bo~rd: dian ·family. I cal~ yoµ:r attention to .the · • 1 is going to cost the taxpayer. They say · . Mr. DA wsoN. Are you opposed to using remarks by Mr. Clyde and Mr. PILLION it is going to be paid back. When? Not power revenues to help defray the cost of appearing on page 562: during your or my lifetime. You heard irrigation projects? Mr. MATTHEW. No, sir, not if it is set up in Mr. CLYDE. Yes; I still think it would be a the projects read off here, and some of the proper way. very marked fabric~tion. them are going to be 26 years in the Mr. DAWSON. So it is just simply a matter Mr. PILLION. But you do not say that the building. So, you do not have to worry of degree. You think in this particular case figures submitted by the Commissioner of about this .project so far as you or I are they are probably going a little too far; is Indian Affairs in which he estimated the cost concerned; they are not going to be paid that it? of that project at $211 million t9 reset~le back even during your children's life­ Mr. MATTHEW. Well, it is quite a way, yes. or to irrigate farms to take care of the 1,100 time, and they know it. Mr. DAWSON. So you feel $2,500 an acre families, you would not say that that was a Let us see what they are going to raise subsidy is a fair figure, too, do you? fabrication; would you? Mr. MATTHEW. Yes. I think it would be Mr. CLYDE. I am not ~ammar with the fig­ on these acres, on these projects that more than that. Incidentally, I think that ures there, Mr. PILLION. I do know that it is they are building now. Oh, yes, they are in answer to a question -propounded by Sen­ an expensive project. looking way into the future, but we have ator KucHEt. at the Senate hearings, the Mr. PILLION. At $200,000 per family it is a in this country better than 20 million Bureau of Reclamation has already reported rather expensive project; is it not? 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 3621 Mr. CLYDE. I would not wish to substanU­ tor of philosophy degree in geology at the sandstone cliffs even when subjected to the ate that in my testimony. I would like to University of Arizona. . It is true. that the erosive action of fast running water. figure it first. 6eds containing bentonitic clity will disinte­ I, ·too, am concerned about the status grate when placed in water-but the pene­ Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Chairman I of our Indian population, but I do not tration of water into these beds is practically' yield 10 minutes to the gentleman f;om think that this large expenditure of nil. Unless a current 'is present to remove North Carolina [Mr. SHUFORD]. the finely divided wet clay the penetration Mr. SHUFORD. Mr. Chairman, we money w.ould. assist the Navaho Indians. of the water will be on the order of' 2 to 3 As a matter of economy if this amourit are considering H. R. 3383, a bill au..: • feet. Some slumping will take place along' thorizing the Secretary of the Interior was necessary per family, why not de­ steep cliffs. In my study of the Chinle in posit the moriey in the bank where it the Navaho Reservation, it was shown that to construct, operate, and maintain the would draw 4 % or 5 percent interest, only about 10 percent· of the beds contained Colorado River storage project and par­ therefore giving to each Navaho family sufficient bentonitic clay to cause prominent ticipating projects. This bill was favor­ disintegration. There is no Chinle close ably reported with amendments on July an ~ncome of approximately $10,000 a enough to the dam site to interfere in any 8, 1955, by the House Interior and In­ year and allow them to buy with such iri­ way with construction or operation. My con­ ~ome many· of 'the things that are in sular Affairs Committee, and a rule was clusion to Representative HosMER's state­ thereafter granted by the Rules Commit­ surplus crops? · · ments as reported in the Los Angeles Times . There is no. justification for this proj­ is that he has absolutely no basis f.or . any tee. However, the bill did not come· on : ect insofar as the Navahos are concerned criticism in regard to the Chinle formation. for consideration by the House in the : on this kind of. basis. It would be much You should have Representative HosMER 1st session of the 84th Congress. The better to allow the Navaho Indian to tell about the uranium deposits which will committee's explanation of that bill and . be ·covered by the lake. I believe less than draw his' Government-issue blanket · the committee's conclusions and recom­ 1 percent of the entire Chinle outcrop will mendations are embodied in House Re­ around him and sit on it than to try to be submerged. assist him in this manner. port No. 1087. · Three separate minority . You may. wonder w.h..y I. 4a.ve . writ.ten ·this reports opposing the· measure were filed The· entire Colorado River storage letter so hurriedly. Since I was one of the project should be recommitted to the Bureau of Reclamation geologists who did to accompany the report on H. R. 3383. Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ the field work on the Glen Canyon project, On February 8 of this year, some 7 fairs for further study until such time I feel that Representative HosMER's state­ months after a rule had been obtained on ments are an attack on my professional repu­ H. R .. 3383, a majority of the House In~ as a determination can be made as to its tation and on the reputations of two of the feasibility _both from an engineering and terior and Insular Affairs Committee best engineering geologists in this country considered and approved amendments to economic standpoint. or the world for that matter-Roger Rhoades, The CHAIRMAN. The time of the who reviewed the work, and Glen Lassan, who that bill. These amendments in effect constitute a new bill. We are asked that gentleman from Florida has expired. supervised the work. Since I am no longer Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Chairman, I in the Government service, I feel free to the same be substituted in lieu of the original bill. yield 1 minute to the gentleman from speak out against those who put their per­ sonal desires above the truth. I admire the The proponents of the Colorado River Arizona [Mr. UDALL]. work you have done in trying to straighten project must have realized the deficiency Mr. UDALL. Mr. Chairman, the dem­ out some of the inaccuracies which have been of H. R. 3383 and felt that it needed onstration you have just seen here in­ placed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. - strengthening; One of the amendments ..volved some· rock nuggets of Chinle shale If there is anything I can do to help pro­ and changes in · the original bill ·is to which come from my congressional dis.:. duce a factual picture of the geologic condi­ make more positive the elimination ;of tri~t r ~ I , w~~ - 'born and ·grew up in th~ tions 'on the Glen Canyon project,' I would l::ie glad to do so. I can be contacted at 17058 Echo Par_k Dam. There was language in Chml~ shale country, and I will have a Upland Avenue, Font'ana, Calif.; phone Val­ the original bill to that effect, ·neverthei.. . bit to say about 'that subject later. ley 2- 6102 for the next 2 months. less, that language apparently was ·not - However, . ~t this point, since they want Sincerely yours,' deemed sufficient by those who objected opinion of expert geologists, I am going ROBERT L. WILSON, to an invasion of one of our great na- to insert following these remarks a state­ Geological Engir:eer. -tional monuments and the establishment ment by a geologist froin the University by such action of a dangerous precedent. of- Arizona who just· completed a mas­ STA.TEMENT BY GEOLOGIST J. NEIL MURDOCK, REGIONAL G.EOLOGIST OF THE BUREAU · OF It. is correctly stated in the minority ter's thesis.on Chinle shale, and a state­ RECLAMATION, . ON LANDSLIDES AND THE views in_the supplementary report that ment by ..the regional geologist of the CHINLE SHALE this Congress cannot bind a future Con'­ .Bureau of Reclamation, Mr. J. Neil Mur­ I feel it is entirely possible some land­ gress. · The .correcting sentence added to dock. slides will develop in the Glen Canyon Res­ section 3 of the bill may be all that ·the The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman will ervoir but these should in no way impair the committee can do legislatively, but it is have to get permission to insert some­ operation of the project. These would' be not all that the committee can do under one else's remarks when the Committee very minor and could only occur in t he up­ its power of inquiry. Based ·upon testi­ · rises. stream reach of the reservoir, as it is 40 airline miles (70 river miles) from the ·dam mony at the committee hearings, Echo Mr. UDALL. Very well; I shall ·do so. to the first shale formations. Park Dam and Reservoir will ·have to be In any. event, I will have a good deal to Landslides into reservoirs are a common included in the upper Colorado River say, and if the gentleman will let me use occurrence. They have occurred countless project at some subsequent date in order, his equipment, I have a piece of Chinle · times in many operating projects. Grand even ·on paper, to make. the project ·: · ·shale that was not picked up on the sur- · Coulee Dam is a good example. Even O.uring ., feasible . .· face of the·ground, but is a c-ore from ·a the construction of the dam a: clay deposit on · ·Under Secretary of the Interior Ralph diamond drill at the actual site of Glen one abutment had to be stabilized by freez­ A. Tudor testified before the House In­ Canyon Dam, and after my demonstra­ ing to permit construction to proceed. A long stretch of highway had to be relocated terior and Insular Affairs Committee · tion I will drink whatever remains of the because landslide's into the reservoir took it during the 83d Congress in referenc ·e . to water after I ·finish my speech; So, I · out. Out of 75 miles of highway, landslides · Echo Park Dam. He said that taking · think we can satisfy the Members on this partly or wholly-dest royed 13 miles.1 Yet the the ~cho Park · Dam out of the upper Chinle shale proposition. reservoir has operated continuously and with Colorado River project would be like tak­ TucsoN, ARIZ ., February 5, 1956. no impairment to its efficiency. · · ing the pistons out· of the engine of an Hon. Senator WATKINS, Geologic conditions at Coulee are more un­ automobile. . Senate Office Building, favorable than the Chinle formation at Glen Fourteen months later Reclamation . . Washington, D. C. Canyon. The sediments at Grand Coulee are unconsolidated clay and silt of glacial Bureau Commissioner Wilbur A. Dex­ . DJ;;AR Sm: Upon returning to town. I ,read heimer, when asked: "Mr. Commissioner, two articles in the Los Angeles Times w))ich origin. !'hey are highly plastic and fl.ow distressed me very , much. They were in re­ readily wnen saturated. This is in contrast is. Echo Park essential to the economic gard to the Glen Canyon Dam site. Copies to the Chinle shale which supports high feasibility of the upper Colorado River of these articles are enclosed with· my let- project?" answered: ter. · 1 Report by Fred 0. Jones, Geologist, U. S. )'es. Although by elimination of parts I was astounded to hear that· the Chinle Geological Survey, landslide conditions of the project the economic feasibility might clays were detrimental· to the Glen Canyon along the Ferry County Highway paralleling be established for something less. But it project. I have recently completed a 2-year Lake Roosevelt from Kettle Falls· to · ·the would not be, we think, the proper way to study on the Chinle formation -in northeast­ mouth of the Spokane River, Wash. · U. S. meet the ultimate or even the. present needs ern Arizon_a as a thesis problem for my doc- Bureau of Reclamation files .. of the upper basin. 3622 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD - HOUSR February 29._ - And later Commissioner Dexheimer the extension of our transmission systems. good idle cropland in its farms. This is· stated: Our plans for the future necessarily entail fine land in classes 1, 2, -and 3 only. The continuous additions to our generating and It- total does not include woodlands, pas­ transmission capacity so that we shall always tures, or Government lan_ds. . Echo Park...... :. be in a position to fill g;rowing needs. To the extent to which project power becomes We are told that the land to be brough~ ls essential in the upper reaches of the area, available to us at costs reaso~ ably competi­ into productivity by this project will not and without it we would be unable to make tive with present or future generating costs, increase our surpluses for that none of the full development anticipated and would we would be relieved of the cost of construct­ the basic crops under support will be probably have to leave out even some of the ing an equivalent amount of generating participating projects which are recom­ raised thereon. The bill makes no pro­ capacity and might be relieved from operat­ vision in · this regard. I understand, mended at the pres.ent time, or some qf the ing (except for peak and reserve generation) units in participating pi:ojects, and it 'Y"ould some of the older and higher cost generating however, it is proposed to make use of greatly decrease the financial feasibility of plants on our own systems. the land for the raising of alfalfa, and the overall plan. other hay crops, and a small amount of . From such .as this one can­ In other words the project will shift corn, all for the purpps~ of providing testini~ny , to the taxpayers throughout the United not help but conclude that the Echo . P~rk feed for livestock, which is about the Dam and Reservoir will some day be .m­ States the burden of cost now planned most unprofitable use which could be and contemplated by private utilities made of irrigated land. In my opinion, cluded in the project unless further study who frankly say they are presently gen­ is had upon the bill to as~ertain whether such use of the land would have an ad­ erating a sufficient .amount of power for verse effect on the dairy- and beef-cat­ or not an alternate site for Echo Park the needs of the area and will meet the Dam is possible. The committee was ~d­ tle industry which is suffering sorely at vised that.there are such alternate sites future needs as they arise. the present. . . even better than the Echo Park site. The · The proponents of this bill thought i_t Mr. Chairman, I have not undertaken was ready for passage in the 1st session proponents of these alternate site~ were to discuss here all the objections I have enthusiastic in their recommendation of of the 84th Congress, but during the re­ to the bill. rt is not necessary. I have the same. We, likewise, had advice that cess between the 1st and 2d sessions only sought to bring to the attention of of that Congress they fo:ind reas9n to there were no alternate sites for the Ec~o this body a few reasons for my objection. ·make additional changes which they say Park Dam and Reservoir and that ult1~ It seems unreal to obligate the tax­ mately it must be constructed and made improves the bill. The changes are im­ payers of this great country of ours iri a part and parcel of· the project as es­ portant and far reaching. If the bi~l the manner proposed in this legislation. sential to the upper reaches .of .the area. was improved by the study made of it I ~ppreciate the ~nthusiasm of the I?ro­ The construction of the Echo Park 'in 7 months, I am satisfied it can be ponents of the ·~pper Colorado River Dam is highly controversial. Since some fUrther improved by additional study project, but taking ~nto consideration of the proponents of the Colorado River · and consideration at a later date. our obligations·· and commitments I -do project feel that it should be included, I The present bill proposed to supply ·not think that this bill should pass.- think this bill should be recommitted for supplemental water for 243,000 acr~s of The cost of this project has been esti­ further study, to the end that that ques­ land presently in cultivation, and to mated in various amounts. The bill tion could be finally resolved. By so irrigate 143,000 acres of new land carries an authorization of $760 million. doing it can be fairly said that our fore:.. at a total cost of $320 million. It was Based on the Bureau of Reclamation es:. sight is better than our hindsight. stressed in the committee that this "timates, the estimated cost of the proj.­ . The bill contemplates-the use of water land is vitally needed for the econ­ ect would amount to $933,468,300;. and ·for munfcipalities, and though that ap­ omy of the country. It seems .strange, · the«~onstruction costs of all the project~ ·pears to be a reimbursable item, never ... ·indeed, that on the one _hand one de­ covered by the bill would amount. to theless, such a provision seems to me to partment of our Government should rec­ approximately $1,600,000,000. No pro- . be an inequitable advantage to the four ommend a soil bank for the withdrawal vision is made in these figures Of hidden States here involved. I do not feel that of acreage from production and the ·interest ·subsidies which must be ·borne these States should receive such a bene­ spending of large sums of money for by the taxpayers. · fit for purely municipal purposes over that purpose, and on the other hand an­ As stated in one of the minority re­ and above that allowed or permitted in other department of our Government ports, I think the Colorado ~iver stor~ge the other States of the Union outside of should recommend a project which would project, as here proposed, is one which the reclamation area. In near.ly . every bring into cultivation. additional lands ·is uneconomical and unnecessary, and State municipalities are required to fi­ ·which certainly are not needed and at will not contribute to our national eco­ nance their water supply on less favor­ ·such a terrific cost as herein specified. nomic growth, but on the contrar~ will able terms than granted in this bill. The Bureau of Reclamation presented constitute a handicap ·and· a dram on There is no provision of 1aw of which I to the committee cost figures for the ini­ the Nation's purse. I sincerely hope the am aware that will aid the other States tial participating projects. As far as bill will be recommitted for further to secure municipal water at Govern:.. I can find out, the cost allocated to irri­ study. ment expense to be repaid on such favor­ gation in this project varied from $210 Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair­ able terms as granted in this bilL to $794 per acre, or an average of over man, I yield 10 minutes to the gentle­ Great stress is made by the proponents $400 per acre. We were informed that man from California [Mr. UTT]. of this bill of the need of electric power little of this land, even with sufficient Mr. UTT. Mr. Chairman; it s~a!l be . for the future development of the States . water, would command a fair market my purpose in the few minutes allbtted involved. Granting that to be true, for · value as high as this. Costs estimated to me to discuss briefly ·some of the legal the sake of argument, nevertheless it for some 22 other possible participating ·problems which must be resolved.before appears from the testimony before the projects, on the basis of only partial in­ further consideration should be given to committee that the future needs of the vestigation, runs as high or higher, and the construction of dams and reservoirs area for electrical power have been ahd up to $1 ,530 per acre in one instance. for the permanent diversion of addi­ will be provided. . The.Department of Agriculture reports tional waters from the Colorado River . Several private· utility companies who there are more than 20 million acres of ·This- is a phase that has npt been dis­ now furnish power for the four par­ . undeveloped fertile land in· the hum~d clissed by · the proponents of the bill. ticipating States filed a statement with areas of the United States which can be They have chosen to ig~ore · it main~y the committee in which the following developed for a low of $50 per acre and because-' it is devastating and it would appears: a high not in. excess of $150 per acr~. defeat the bill. According to the Soil Conservation Serv­ Furthermore, ever-growing :::ieeds for elec­ ·The State· of Arizona · filed a suit tric power in each of our States will provide ice there are 2,686,5~8 acres of good id!e against the State of California for the a market for the power which the project will land in farms of the five States of Flor­ . purpose of quieting title to certain wa­ produce, provided the new generating facili­ ida, Georgia, North Carolina, Sou~h ters to which the State of Arirona lays t ies are put into production on a schedule in Carolina, and Virginia. Many other mil­ claim.r The Stat-e·of Nevada intervened consonance with the growing demands for lions of acres are available in other sec­ as an interested party and so did the power. We have consistently kept abreast tions. In my own State of North Caro- United States Government, ,both assert­ of t h ese growing needs through the construc­ . Una figures obtained from the same ing claims inconsistent with those of tion of additional generating capacity an.d source shows there are 4,264, 763 ~cres of both Arizona and Califor.nia. Some ,Qf 1956 'CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- . HOtJsn- 3623· the issues which must be resolved ·in this Government has · contracts to deliver Mr.· ASPINALL. Mr. Chairman I controversy will include: · 5,362,000 acre-feet annually to the State yield 10 minutes to the gentleman fr~m First; full mterpretation of the Colo­ of Calffornia, 300,000 acre-feet annually New Mexico [Mr DEMPSEY] rado River compact; second, the mean­ to the State of Nevada, and 2 800 000 Mr DEMPSEY M Ch : 1 ing and the .effect of the compact be­ aGre-feet annually to the State 'of Ari:. . not g.oing to go . i~-to . ~il thaeisremqan, t. am zona...... · ues ions tween the· State of California and the 0 .. Uhited States in.which·Arizorn1; and.Ne-. The _bill before us provides.that in th~ ~~~~~~h~~ ~~~~~m~h~tt~ f;-!a~da_ li\e~- . vada ·are·third party·beneficiaries ·· third Qperation _of the Glen Canyon -Dam the . much of it. . ' e IS JUS o and this is perhaps of tantamou'nt im~ upper basm States are obligated to re-- · · · · portance-the quantity of the water l~ase 75 million acre-feet in each 10-year B~?k mt 1922 the seven S~at~s at a which is legally and physically available period or an average of 7,500,000 acre- mee mg a sa:n~a Fe, ~· Mex:, s1~ne~ a for bet).eficial consumptive use in. the feet a year. Under such an arrangement compact providmg for the di~tnbution ... lower.. basin. This will involve questions the Federal Government would find itself of the waters of the Colorado River. .· . C?.f -fact and. questions-of ·law which will short 50 million acre-feet of , water ill. T~e State ~f _ Cplo~a~o produces 72 per- also .. involve the·• burden of' th'.e ·Mexican· each 10-year period or an average of _5_ c:~nt of___ al~ the water _of that rive~. ~ Not-· Water Treaty. '' . , · Jiiillion_acre-feet a year; short of fulfill-. withst~ndi~g_ th.at, th~ tJJ;ree lbw~r; l5~~in " '. Whil.e it. is tru~ that. most of the water· i_ng the Fed~ral obligations. . , ... _ ~tates, Callforn1a; Anzo~a, and Nevad;;t; · . avail~ble in the lower bai;iri: coi;nes from : The Feder~! Govern~ent claims that· were al~ocated hal~ Of th~ ~ater, which the . upper, basin, the Gila Riv~r, lying m .sPite of congressional approval of the was estim_ated t? be 15 mill~on ~ere-feet Colorado River compact it has never re-· ann.ual~y. SO the lower basm States ·got· wholly within the lower basin, must be 7 considered as a tributary of the ·Colorado linquished the water rights. if the state ,5o~,OOO acre..,feet. a year. As· early· as River and waters taken from the Gila of Arizona and the Federal Government possible they got.mto construction and River for use in Arizona must be charge­ are successful in their claims Californl.a's dev~loped Boulder Dam and many other ~ble to Arizona's entitlement from the entitlement would be redu~ed by over proJe~ts. . · : whole system. It is true that much more 1,500,000 acre-feet. The coastal area em- .. yve of the upper basin Statel?, Wyo­ is used by. Arizona from the Gila River braced by the metropolitan, water dis-. ~mg,. Colorado,_ and New Mexico, had than normally reaches the main stream trict has an entitlement of 1 212 ooo diffic-y.lty allocating our half of'the·water. of the ·river in its native state. The ac.re-feet a year which could b~ c~m- . Event~ally we ~eaci:ed a decision. In the court must determine whether the 7,500,­ pletely ·wiped out by the pending court meantime Cahfor~ia not -only used the .ooo acre-feet per annum made' available action provided the u·pper basin states water allocate_d to it but, because norie of under article 3A ·of the Colorado River were not compelled to release at least the upper basm States had a way to im- .Compact to the lower basin is exclusive 12,500,000 acre-feet to flow by Lee's pound the "'.ater, California used that for of .all waters. generated in the tiibuta­ Ferry. The upper basin states are not the generation_of power and sold it at a ries .flowing into the main. stream below a party to the suit and would not be. yery .low figure to the power companies Lee's Ferry or whether they are inclu- bound by the Supreme court's decision · m Los Angeles. As I recall the last fig­ .s~ve. If ·the court holds that they ·are and if .the Supreme court holds in th~ ur.es! the amount. paid was aroun:d $50 r inclusive, then the . water· of the Gila present case that 12,500;000 acre .. feet. mil~iqn,. 'fhat was mon~y that the upper· , . River~ :n·ow .. coinpfotely 'used by° Arizoria- must flow.· past · Le-e's -,Ferry· they . w.o.tild- basm States were entitled to because _the must be chargeable against . the Arizona have to file a suit against tne upper. basin· water: was that of_the upper basin States." . entitlement. under the · compact. ~ Actu­ ~tates to .enforce its decree and if en:- Th~re ?as been all kinds of· opposition .ally, . Arizona. .is not a : member: of the· forced, there WOl,lld ·not be on~ drop of ~o _ thi~ · bill, and I mean that part giving compact. ~ .. . . · . . water available for the Glen canyon anyt.hmg at all to the upper basin States. · 'The · pending suit must determine· Dam and reservoir, and you would hav_e a . But it ~as beep ~pproved by ever:ybpQ.y ~n · ~ 600-foot pile of concrete.'standing as a authority. The President ·of the United whether consumptive use of water is to monument to the folly of Congress. Stat.es, I assume after consulting with be measured in terms of the quantity I do not agree with the Government's officials who knew the conditions, recom­ ~onsumed in the ~rowing of crops and by domestic use or whether it is to be meas­ position in the matter or say that 1 would m~nded o~ 3 or 4 occasions, the last time ured in terms of the resulting depletion ~ot agree with the Supreme court deci- ~his .mornmg, the passage· of this leg- of the virgin flow of the main stream. siqn; .I say only that it is not impo'ssible islation. . . . The United States Government in its that the litigation should be resolved in · The Color~do River development proj­ fa vor of the Fed.era! Government. . · ect bill, like most other forward looking · · intervenor is claiming a paramount right This then is the legal state in which legislation which has come before the to water from the Colorado River for the we find ourselves. To reduce it to sim- Congress since the days of the Founding Indians. It must be admitted by all par­ plicity, let me say that no man· among is encountering bitter ·opposi­ ties that the Federal Government did not ~athers, Y01;1 ~ould. consider building a 13-story · t10n based upon selfishness, greed, and relinquish its Indian claims at the time . bmldmg with his own money upon a par- lack of understanding. Its opponents the Colorado River compact was ap­ eel of land, the _title to which was under have attacked it in much the same lan­ proved. The question to be resolved is attack in the court, for you might very · guage as was used by the opposition to the quantity of water the Court will ailot w~ll find that after you had built. the soil conservation, rural electrification to the,Indians in the lower ·basin. The buildi.ng the court would say that -it was' and oth~.r similar progr'.lms which hav~ Federal Government is ciaiming' that it constructed on land that did not belong . contributed so yitally to ohr country's must have more' than 13 million acre-feet to you and your entire investment would e~ormous econo~ic upsurge. It is high available in the lower basin for the fol­ lowing purposes: -First, .1,700,000 acre­ be lost. Why then should you deal w'ith time that we · penetrate this camouflage the ta~payers' money in ·any other way of propaganda-with which the opponents feet for the use of Indians in the· lower than you would your own? .· _ - of th_is bill have sought to becloud it, in basin; second, 1,500,000 acre-feet to-take So I want again to can your attention the hope of bloclcing its e!lactment. For­ ca~e of ~he _Mexican Wat~r Treaty; ~o the fact that this whole thing is in . tunately the propaganda has been so third, 700,000 acre-feet for evaporation dispute in the courts, and it would be transparent, groundless, and at times so on Lake Mead; fourth, 8,500,000 acre­ mere folly if we were to go ahead and absurd as to defeat their purpose. fe.et to fulfill its contract .obligations to California, Arizona, and Nevada; fifth, complete the project at the present time The height of absurdity was reached an undetermined amount for public do­ even though the administration favo.rs in desperation by the opposition when this bi~l. Maybe o:µe part of the adminis- one of its southern California power in­ main, fish and wildlife, National Park tration favors it, but another, the De- terests spokesmen proposed that · we Service, Bureau of Land Management, partment of Justice, on the other hand should resort to the services of so-called Forest Service, etc. is saying here, "We want 12 million acre~ rainmakers in the upper basin States This amounts to 12,400,000 acre-:feet feet ~f the water from the upper basin"; and abandon any plan for utilization and exclusive of the undetermined claims of and if t~at should turn ·out to be the case conservation of the Colorado River wa­ the Federal Government, which could ~here will be no water for Glen Canyon . ters. I shall not attempt to add further well exceed another million acre-feet. or dfor any otl!er proposition. So the insult to the intelligence of the Members This total · figure exceeds the average Fe. eral G<;>ver:~ment is not a unit in sup- of this honorable body by making a 'de.;; fiow below·· Lee's Ferry. The Federal POI t of this bill. tailed reply to such a weird .proposal. 3624: CONGllESSIONAL. RECORD- HOUSE;· February 29·· we. in the Southwest . have had experi.. dependent ~ upon imports in event of war bear in mind th~t none of this money is· ence-disillusioning .· and uhsatisfac .. ~ or other emergency, at a time when our· reimbursable. It is an · outright . give-J tory experience-with rainmakers. · Our­ foreign supply of uranium would be radi- . away to southern California's metropolis. drought-plagued farmers and ranchers cally reduced or entirely cut of!. The It all comes out of the people1s pockets. · have paid them thousands of dollars. - $15 billion investment -of the ·American I do not mean to imply I am opposed to· Ask those ranchers and farmers about: peopl~ thus WO\lld be rendereµ virtually· flood control. projects. I vote for every _ rainmaking. - Their answers .may not be ineffective for our defense, or · the con­ :meritorious project as a member of the polite, but they will be forceful. tinued econ-0mic development of our Na­ Public Works Flood Control Subcommit-· - Incidentally, the upper basin ·states tion. In this atomic age that would tee. · But I do object most strenuously to· are not seeking for more water through: mean disaster, :Probably the most wide-· southern California's willingness to ac­ this legislation. They merely want to spread and complete that has ever con-· cept this gift from the Nation with one conserve. and utilize .. the .water . which, fronted us. It could spell total def eat· hand and knife the upper basin States: ~ightfully is theirs anq which is now for us. development project with the·other; flowing down the Colorado River to gen-' According to the records of· the AEC If the Colorado plateau promised noth­ erate electricity for southern California· uranium production and processing, vir-· ing·further·· than ·the-development· of its · power interests, over and above the ·tually .. all in the Colorado Plateau area, rich uranium resources, which geologist~ amount to which they are entitled. has passed the $100 million-a-year. scale· generally agree may easily be the world's The sole purpose of this legislation .is­ of operations. It probably is nearer dou-. greatest, enactment of this legislation~ to authorize the Secretary of . the In­ ble-that today. For security reasons we· would not only be justified but manda-· terior to proceed with construction of cannot say what this means in terms of tor-y. The 100,000 square miles also have· facilities ·on the upper Colorado River· the overall atomic energy program. It a vast potential in production of ·oil and ~ that will permit beneficial use of the can be said, however, that we have about gas, coal, oilshale, lead, zinc, copper,··ahd: water. This utilization would consist of­ reached the maximum uranium produc-· many· other·minerals th'at have··brought· 'generation of electrical · energy, irriga- tion·and processing possible in this area from·maniexpert sources, both Govern-; tion of lands, and even more important,· until· additional arid more constant water· ment and private·, a conservative ap-: making water supplies available·for mu­ and power resources are made available:. :Praisal of ' its economic value running· nicipali~ies and industries in an area There is·only one way in which this 'Can high into the billions of- dollars; ·It is; where economic progress has been seri­ be done· and that is by· construction of often characterized as nature's ·. most­ ously hampered, ·by shortage- of water· the projects authorized by this legisla-: valuable storehouse of resources irr thei and power; . tion. Let me repeat that·this·is the only United States: ·Production of oil and gas,­ The first requirement for legislation of· water resource ·in that vital·· area. In f.or instance, -cannot· be definitely "esti-; this type must be that it is in the public other words, our atomic energy eggs are. mated for the entire area, but the par­ interest. That should be the require-· all in this one basket. · tially developed oil and gas resources in' ment for any sound legislation. When I Any man with a modicum of business northwestern New Mexico may be· rea-.= speak of public interest I do not mean· sense would agree, I am sure, that rea­ sonably accepted· as a basis r'or- calcula-· that it should benefit 1 group of people­ sonable investment by the American peo-. tion. That one small' part of the· Coler-: or 1 area to the exclusion of others, but pie to protect, expand' and assure future rado Plateau has a reserve of' 11 trillion: that we must measure such proposals as· success of a $15 billion atomic en-egry­ cubic feet of gas: In that field alone· this with a nationwide yardstick. The P.rogram would be fully- justified. Most 151 billion cubic ·feet of natural gas .. was· primary. question~ then, that .we have be-' certainly a plan for :financing that de-· produced in 1954, with a value at· the fore us is whether all of the American velopment which provides for an original wen of 6;1 cents per thousand cubic feet: people will be benefited by the develop-· Government investment of $760 millionr Oil productiC!n aver~ges about 95;000 bar.; - ment of this upper Colorado River. Let. of which more than $752 million is self..; tels of crude per month. with a current us consider that. liquidating, much of it·. with interest, value of about $2.50 per barrel. The an­ The upper Colorado River and its trib­ must be recognized as good business; nual value of the oil and gas produc_. utaries traverEe what is known as the There is no giveaway of the people's tion from this one field is considerably in Colorado Plateau. That is the only money involved. All this talk about a excess of $12 million. source of water supply for this area of cost of billions to the taxpayers is as . In this same area the United .States' 100,000 square miles of which 24,000 are false as it is foolish. No one knows that Government · has .~ a helium-gas · plant. in Colorado, 31,000 in Utah, 27,000 in better than those who are doing the which. makes an important contribution' Arizona and 19,000 in New Mexico, ac­ talking. to this Nation's supply of that rare·and· cording to the records of the United Simple arithmetic blows their false ar-. most valuable strategic commodity, so. States Geological Survey. The Bureau gument sky high. This bill.authorizes a essential to our defense program.· Other of Land Management estimates that ap­ eonstrucfaon program investment of oil and gas discoveries are constantly proximately 75 percent of the nearly 65 $760 million over a period estimated by being made in Utah and Colorado whicfr million acres in the Colorado Plateau are the Bureau of Reclamation as approxi­ bear out the opinion of ·geologists that owned or controlled by the Federal Gov .. mating 25 years. That means an aver­ the Colorado Plateau eventually will be ernment. In other words three-fourths age investment of about $30 million a one of the Nation's greatest sources of of this land belongs directly to all the year. The Bureau of Reclamation con­ those products. That development wili American people-not just to those of servatively estimates that an average of be impossible without adequate water the individual States where the lands are 60 percent of this amount will come from supply. located. The principal income from the reclamation fund, which is derived · The return· to the American people­ those 65 million acres and the resources in considerable degree from production to the Treasury of the ·United States to· on or under them, therefore, goes to the of- minerals and oil on the public lands lighten the tax burden of the Nation___.; Federal Government for the benefit of and from the sale of those public lands: from the development of this vast poten­ the Nation's taxpayers. That is not an A good percentage of that fund ·comes tial is almost incalculable·. I can assure unusual condition in the public lands from the four upper basin States them­ you that the State of New Mexico would. States of the West. selves, all of them key public lands be delighted· to :finance its share of the In regard to the Colorado Plateau, States. proposed upper Colorado River develop-· however, it becomes particularly signi:fi ... That means that $18 million of the ment, · if the Congress would approve cant when we consider the fact that from annual requirements will come from the legislation turning over to the upper this area comes virtually all of the do­ .reclamation fund and only $12 million basin States the rich Federal holdings in mestic supply of ura·nium for the suc­ but of the general fund in the Treasury, the Colorado Plate~u and the full in­ cessful operation of our atomic-energy virtually all of it reimbursable. Thus come from them. I am equally sure program, in which the citizens of this that claim is an unjustified burden on that every other'up'!Jer basin State would country have invested nearly $15 billion the Nation's taxpayers evaporates into be willing to do the same. We could since its inception. Domestic sources of smog-free air. · Jmild a dozen Colorado River develop­ uranium outside of the Colorado Plateau, Those· taxpayers are not as fortunate, µient projects and still turn a surplus of so far as they have been discovered to~ however, when they are f orceci to pay millions every year into our State treas­ day, are negligible. Without ColoradQ $348 million··ro-r ·a flood control project _llries._ ~ Y~t. :we .enco~nter bitter and un~ Plateau uranium we would be entirely that protects only Los Angeles. ·Please reasoning opposition to this legislation, 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 3625 . . which will give our States but a fraction ·Mr. FERNANDEZ. Mr. Chairman,. -Mr. GROSS. Where is the uranium of the benefits. that all of the American wln the gentleman yield? now being mined in the Rocky Moun- people will derive from the resulting de- Mr. DEMPSEY. I yield to the gentle- tain· area being processed? velopment. - man from New Mexico. Mr. DEMPSEY. It is being processed .. I can understand why- southern Cali- ·Mr. FERNANDEZ. May I say that near Grants, N. Mex. fornia power interests', for.. instance, are : the Navaho Indians. were confined in a ' ·Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Chairman,. if resorting to> every tlrick, .'fa:ir or foul, in cO-ncentration camp-at Fort Sum11er for ·· the gentleman will yield, . the· uranium the legislative book to defeat · this bill. : 5 years. · ore is broken down intd concentrates. For many years· they have waxed fat Mr. DEMPSEY~ · I thank' the gentle- ·Mr.-DEMPSEY. That is right. from electrical energy derived from 'the nian. The situation in my State of New Mr. ASPINALL. And they are shipped waters· belonging to the upper basin . ·Mexico. and the other States concerned out, for instance, from Grand Junction, States that flow down the Colorado River is about the same. The richest area of Colo., being the supply center, by rail- · through H-oover- Dam outlets. Excess · the world is what I am speaking. about , read. · profits from energy developed by this • now, the upper northwest corner of New · Mr. DEMPSEY. I thought the gentle- ; upper ba.sin water over , the 7,500.,00-0 Mexico where it joins Utah,-Arizona,·and man was asking. me about New Mexiico. acre-feet annually allotted to the lower · Colorado. · Mr. GROSS. I wondered how far it·is basin States under the Colorado River . Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Chairman, will being hauled an~where in the country• . comp·act, which the power interests have the gentleman yield? Mr. DEMPSEY. We will get to that. obtained at a so-called dump rate, has Mr. DEMPSEY. I yield to the gentle- I cannot ·yield any further. I am sorry. · given them a windfall of at least $41 · man from Colorado. -Mr. GROSS. What I am thinking of, · million-undoubtedly much more-in Mr_. ASPINALL. Is it net a fact that you might. ship same into low.a We . addition to the.many other millions they the uranium industry in the United would like to have some industry . in ~ make from primary contract energy,·· States is approaching very close to the Iowa as well as New MexiCo or the Rocky Naturally they do not want to lose this $200 million figure and that the whole. Mountain area. bonanza, regardless of the hardship it industry is based upon-the production of · · Mr. DEMPSEY. We will soon give - works on. their neighbors along the Colo- raw uranium or.e: very near 90 percent · away a billion dollars worth to foreign : rado River and on the rest of the Nation. of which is taken from this very area? - countries of some of the uranium that Worst of all, fully half of this water, · · Mr. DEMPSEY: TJ;tat is true. rn a

.-· lri for their patience and expert-knowledge Among its.many other provisions. the com­ it . is. for you ·to- keep ·thoroughly informed . ef water problems,-· and' a \willingness to pact required tbe upper-basin States to de-. on, every bill that comes up before ·congress, make concessions, there would be no bill liver at Lee's Ferry 75 million acre-feet ~f I thought I would give you information water in each 10-year period, plus sufficient about the·- aforementioned bill- as it affects before us today. water to supply the Republic of Mexico. the great Rocky Mountain empire. · I might state that there has always These required deliveries by the compact I am certain you are· aware that'President been complete unity on the necessity and gave California and the Re1mblic of Mexico Eisenhower has endorsed the Colorado River importance of developing · the upper a priority to us~ of this specj.fic water over storage .project. This project ·· also is en- · Colorado River Basin; The divisions all new uses of water. in the river system. dorsed and supported by the Governors and' which have occurred· have involved de·­ B.efore Utah, Wyoming, .New Mexico, .and. the people of the affected States·; .namely, tails, and not basic principles.· Colorado can use additional water out of the Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, and New Mexico. Colorado River· system, water which they Our very future in the West depends upon Mr. Chairm~n. I am pleased to state themselves produce, they must first have this measure since any further growth and to the Committee today that this is a storage facilities above Lee's -Ferry so· that expansion of ·these four States -is tied inevi-· bill having ·the full suppor.t of the four they will be able to meet the burden of water tably to the development of this 'last great upper-basin States, Colorado, New .Mex­ delivery to the lower States which Congress water resource· of the Rockies: · · · ico, Utah, and Wyoming. These States placed on them when it ratified the seven­ The Colorado River storage project as it" are ·completely -and unequivocably be­ State compact. When Hoover Dam was built Iias b~en planned will pay for itself a.nd, hind this measure-H. R. 3383-intro­ it w:as understood by everyone, including thus, will not be an expense for the Nation's duced by· niy distingujshed colleague California and the Congress, th8:t storage fa­ taxpay.ers but will be an investment. In cilities would be necessary above Lee's Ferry addition, it will bring untold benefit to the from Colorad,o [Mr.' ASPINALL], and . if the upp~r States supplying the water .were Nation through-the new economic resources· which authofi~ .es the . Colo~ado River ever to put their water to use. Sine~ the it · will help develop. Our primary interest storage project, and participating p'roj­ first concrete financed .~Y CoJ:igress was in this pro)ect, however, is simply. to secure ects. poured in Hoover Dam, the upper States have for our future growth that one resource As evidence of the unity which· exists acted in good faith and have taken it for which is ,in short supply in ·the West--water. granted _that Congress and all conc~rned The most- vocal opposition to tne H. R. on this project, I wish to ·read· letters would act in good faith. We still believe 3383 originates in southern California. It which I · hav-e received from the gover­ that our confidence in Congress and t~e ad­ nors of these four States. ·These letters ministration in Washington ori this matter se~ms to be the feeling in that area that the has never wavered. Colorado River storage project will deprive contain the.reasons why these _States are southern California of its share of river supporting the present bill . . It gives me The C_olqrado ~iver, draining a vast semi­ water. On the contrary, this bill will not great pleasure to present letters from arid region, is very erratic in water produc­ deprive southern California of a drop of its Hon. Ed. C. Johnson, Governor of Colo-. tion. It has a wa~er. production varying from 4 million _acre-feet annually to mc;>re than rightful share of · the Colorado River water rado, Hon. J. Brackeh Lee, Governor of 20 million acre-feet. The streams feeding but will insure a regular and regulated fio~ Utah, Hon. John F. Sims, Gov.etnor of· this system deliver 80 percent of their water of water to meet the lower basin require­ New Mexico~ and Hon. -Milward L. Simp­ ments, as outlined in the Colorado River in a 4-month spring fiood .pe.riod. The only . comp8

2. The projects- wtn be self-litJ.Uidating~ the only practicable type of development Court, by these-decisi-0ns; has determined 3. Urgent defense. requirements will be because of the physical nature of the­ the four upper basin States are not. nee~ met. oountry an they are trying to protect the greatest far out of line has the opposition to this with Boulder Canyon Project Adjustment water and power steal of the century by Act, to which are made subject the power legislation finally directed themselves preventing those really entitled to the that they are actually opposing or di­ contracts for power generated at Hoover water from using it. And they are do-. Dam, contain the following provision: rectly attacking the principles of rec­ ing this in the face of the fact that they clamation itself, in spite of the fact that themselves are signers of the Colorado The amount of firm energy for the first it has been reclamation that has been year of operation (June 1, 1937, to May 31, River compact which was formulated 1938, inclusive) is defined as 4,330,000,000 the basis of most of the economic devel­ to protect upstream interests of Ari­ kilowatt-hours delivered at transmission opment of all southern California. zona, Colorado, New Mexico, Wyoming, voltage. For every subsequent year the I venture a statement that in a few and Utah, and in spite of the fact -that amount defined as firm energy will be de­ years to come southern California and lower basin power contracts are predi­ creased by 8,760,000 kilowatt-hours from that its fine people · will wonder what ·type cated upon a consumptive use of water. of the pi:evious year. · and kind of leadership they were fol­ in the upper basin and a diminishing The term "secondary energy" wherever lowing when they opposed the develop­ water supply at Hoover Dam. used herein means all electrical energy avail­ m'ent of the upper Colorado River able in any year of operation in excess of the Just bow large is this windfall that amount of firm energy as hereinabove proje_ct. . . southern California is not in any sense defined. · The :recl.amation law that has for of the word either morally or legally en­ many years been the basis for the many titled to and which she is frantically try­ Thus, it is glaringly obvious that what great projects developed in the West ing to prevent being utilized by those southern California has really been belly­ seems to me to be above reproach~ rightfully entitled to use it? In a letter aching about is the possibility that she especially from sections of the country dated June 10, 1955, to my colleague, may lose the use of a iarge amount of that have received its greatest benefits. Mr. DAWSON of Utah, Acting Commis­ firm power at dump-power rates. It I think I should quote from an ad­ sioner of Reclamation, Mr. E.G. Nielsen, should be made clear, however, that ·an­ dress made February 26 in the CONGRES­ has laid the answer on the line, as fol­ ticipated revenues to the United States SIONAL RECORD by a California Congress­ lows: Treasury from the Hoover, Davis, and man, my colleague CLAIR ENGLE. He said The Bureau studies anticipated a decrease Parker powerplants will not be affected and I quote: in the annual water supply available to Lake by the plan for the Colorado River stor­ The Californians who object to the project Mead of 3,94.9,000 acre-feet between 1938 and age project. Rate and repayment on 'grounds of subsidy do so in the face of 1988, because of increased upstream uses, schedules for Hoover, effective since 1937, the !act tl1at the major subsidy to the which ls an average 'of 79,000 acre-feet de­ contemplate full repayment of reimburs­ reclamation projects comes not from the crease per year. However, the best infor­ able costs, with nothing added, under the Federal Treasury, but from the power users mation available at the present time indi­ condition of a diminishing water supply in accordance• with regular principles. The cates no significant decrease in water supply Federal subsidy amounts to only $8.2 mil­ available to Lake Mead, because of increased over the contract period which ends· in lion and that for features which are recog­ upstream use. Thus, the amount of water 1987. In conformity with the decreasing nized as Federal expenses. Constrast that available to Lake Mead during the 1938-54 available water supply is the firm enetgy subsidy with the estimated nonreimbursable period has been substantially higher than production schedule, which decreases Federal cost of · $348 million for only 1 would have been the ca.se if the increases in · each year by 1,000 kilowatts or 8,760,000 flood-control project in southern California, upstream use anticipg.ted at the time of nego­ kilowatt-hours. namely the Los Angeles County drainage tiation of the power contract had actually Provisions for periodic adjustment of area--excluding the Whittier Narrows Reser­ miaterialized. · · · · · · voir-and you can get some idea of the While depletion estimates cannot be made rates assure repayment of all amounts reaction of upper basin spokesmen to chal­ with an extremely high degree of accuracy, which will come due during the life .of lenges to the Colorado River storage project if it is assumed that upstream depletions the contract. The Boulder Canyon based on economics by the California op­ have been maintained at a constant level Project Act, the Boulder Canyon Project position; Thus a single flood-control proj­ from 1938 through 1954, as appears to be Adjustment Act, all.contracts for Hoover ect which beneP,ts 1 area in . Calj.fornia the best estima.t.~ that can be obtained, the electrical energy recognize the effect of carries a nonreimbursable Federal grant additional water available at Hoover Dam be­ the increasillg use of water in the upper which is over 43 times the subsidy to the cause of inability to increase upstream use, ·Colorado storage project in which 4 States has been about 11 million acre-feet for the basin. benefit; · If it ' is considered appropriate to 1938-54 period. · This additional water is In a similar manner, rate and repay­ take into account the cost to the Federal equivalent to about · 4.5 billion kilowatt­ ment schedules for the Parker and Davis Government based on the non-interest- hours of electrical· energy · generated at powerplants anticipate a lessening water 1956 . CONGRESSlONAL RECORD~ HOUSE 3629 supply. The assumed rate of decrease is upon the rights of the St81tes ·of the upper surplus water to which the lower basin more severe than contemplated by the basin. so· I do not believe that anybody is ~ntitled as set forth by the Santa Fe plan for the Colorado ·River storage proj­ here, on this point, wants to second­ Compact of 1922. No more, no less. ect. Contracts for energy from Parker guess the Supreme· Court as to whether If. you take the arguments of the gen­ and Davis Dams are relatively short­ or not the case of Arizona against Cali­ tleman from California on this matter, term as contrasted with those at Hoover. fornia is important to the passage of this then you would be, in effect, abroagting Current rates should fully amortize all bill. It is not. the Santa Fe Compact. If you defeat this reimbursable costs. If not, the rates will Mr. DAWSON of Utah. Mr. Chair­ bill for the reasons advanced by the be periodically adjusted. man, will the gentleman yield? gentlemen from California you would be Because the plan for the Colorado Mr. RHODES of Arizona. I yield to depriving the States of the upper basin River storage project and participating the gentleman from Utah. of the right to use water apportioned to projects contemplates storage and con­ Mr. DAWSON of Utah. Yesterday the them by that very solemn compact be­ sumptive uses of water less severe than question was asked, I believe by the gen­ tween all of the States of the Colorado the assumed rates of diminished flows tleman from Texas, [Mr. DIEsJ whether Basin. upon which is based the schedule of firm if the decision in the California-Arizona Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair­ energy production at Hoover, Davis, and case went in favor of California it would man, I yield such time as he may desire Parker powerplants, the proposed uses maike any difference in this project, the to the gentleman from California [Mr. of water in the upper basin will not cur­ upper Colorado River project. Can the McDONOUGH]. tail· the firm energy production at· the gentleman answer that question? Mr. McD9NOUGH. Mr. Chairman, downstream powerplants. The lower Mr. RHODES of Arizona. · I will be many logical and sensible reasons have basin power users, therefore, at the time very glad to answer it, but I do not been advanced why the upper Colorado they signed contracts for power contem­ have to answer it from my own mind. River project, H. R. 3383, should be de­ plated a decreasing generation of secon­ The Supreme Court has already an­ feated. I submit herewith 20 pertinent dary energy due to upstream uses in the swered it. If I interpret the action of and sound reasons why this bill should upper basin. the Supreme Court correctly, the an­ not be passed: Now, at further "be-smogging" the swer is "No." No matter what the de:. First. The upper Colorado River proj­ issue,· southern California finds herself cision may be in that case, it will have ect would bring 580,000 acres of new land knocked out of the ring.. Why? Be­ no effect upon the rights of the States into production while at the same time cause, gentlemen, as I have stated, the of the upper basin to divert water. Congress is being asked to approve leg­ real issue is to be found in the question, Further to answer that question I should ·like to quote testimony before· the Com­ islation which would remove more than Who should get the use of the water and 40 million acres from production. This power now used by the lower basin, but to mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs in connection with this particular bill. At does not-make sense. which she is not entitled: Those to Second. The project would saddle an whom they both morally and legally be­ this time I was conducting a colloquy with Mr. Northcutt Ely, chief counsel enormous new tax burden of more than long in the States of Arizona, Colorado, $4 billion on the· Nation's taxpayers. New Mexico, Wyoming, and Utah by the of the State of California, in the case of Arizona against California and also The four States benefiting would pay authorization of H. R. 3383 which is be­ less than 2 percent of this added tax fore you; or those in southern California .the chief witness in behalf of the State who, after having the benefits of using of California agaiinst this bill. We were burden. them for 20 years desire to continue at talking about the question of trans­ Third. The bill proposes that the cost the expense of the industrial, agricul­ mountain -div·ersion, whether or not it of the power features .of the project be tural, and economic development of the would harm the qu·ality of the water repaid in 100 years. With cheap nuclear upper basin States and the rest of the coming down into the lower basin if power just around the corner these Nation, which will also receive benefits? there were transmountain diversions to gigantic hydroelectric dams·would be ob­ I might add, that if southern Califor'... the areas of Colorado aind Utah across solete by the time they were built. nia is so anxious to have others wait for the mountains. I asked this· question: Fourth. There is no power shortage in the medicine man to make it rain she So that has nothing to do with the amount the upper Colorado· River Basin. When has plenty of clouds mixed ·with f ertiliz­ which can be eventually put to beneficial increased industry creates a need for ing gases to which could be applied rain­ consumptive use in the upper basin. It is more power, steam plants can be built making techniques. still your understanding and your belief to supply it at a much cheaper cost than There is no basis for the arguments that 7Y:z million acre-feet can be bene­ the proposed hyroelectric plants. The ficially used in the upper basin without largest coal reserves in the world are used by southern California in opposing violating the rights of the lower basin? the upper Colorado River project. located in the upper basin States. Mr. MILLER of Nebraska,. Mr. Chair­ Here is what Mr. Ely said: Fifth. A 1955 survey shows that in 19 man, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman Up to that in any one year, subject to the Midwestern and Southern States there from Arizona [Mr. RHODES]. qualification that we want an adequate are nearly 21 million acres of land now Mr. RHODES of Arizona. Mr. Chair­ study of the effect of transmountain diver­ lying idle in farms. This is all first­ man, when I heard my good colleague sions. class · agricultural land and could be from California a while ago talking With this in the RECORD, I do not know brought into production at a fraction of about the legalities of this situation, I how it is possible at this point to say, as the cost of the upper Colorado River wondered if I w.as in the wrong place we have heard it said, that the passage project. and we were talking about an Arizona of this bill will result in thirst in south­ Sixth. The project would cost the Na­ bill. Actuailly, of course, I wish I had ern California, that it will dry up south­ tion's taxpayers $5,000 an acre to . put time to give you the Arizona .version-of ern California and .that-all sorts of un­ water on land to grow more surplus this lawsuit, but 5 minutes would not· b0 desirable things will happen if this proj­ crops, already the Nation's biggest head­ , .. sufficient to.. do so·. But I should like to ect is constructed. ache. dispose of this· legal situation, if I may, How much water will this use? The. Seventh. Secretary of . Agriculture by stating one very important fact. That best estimate we have-is tliat it will ac­ Benson said in Kansas C.ity,_ Mo.: fact is that in the case ot Arizo.na against tually use in beneficial consumptive use . This ls not the time to place a big new California,, the State of California moved 900,000 acre-feet of water. There wfll bl~c~ of land in produE.J. the coiorado River storage proJect will tified for authorization in the light of Mr. VELDE. Mr. ·chairman, I am not in any way add to·the farm surplus the excessive cost of the undertaking, speaking in behalf of H. R. 3383, the problem. the f~ct that it is financially unsound 'Colorado River storage project bill. Opponents of the · bill state that the and of highly questionable economic jus­ I. think I have certain special qualifi­ project will cost taxpayers of the United tification and would require a huge hid"­ cations that enaible me to speak objec­ States at least $5 billion before it is com­ den Federal subsidy in the· amount of tively on this project. I am from an en­ . pleted. The bill we are·discussing today at least $5,000 an acre, which would tirely different section of the country. will cost approximately $76Q :rµillion. have to be borne by the Nation's tax­ That means I have no possible sectional Even if it were true that this project payers-98 percent of the total subsidy interest. would cost $5 billion, as some opponents by the · 44 States not directly benefited On the other hand,. I have visited the have claimed, and the actual cost will be by the project--and the further fact that upper Colorado River Basin country, the only about one-sixth that amount--we it would bring into production at least area most directly concerned in this proj­ could better spend the $5 billion on our 270,000 acres of new lands while at the ect. My visit just this past summer ·own undeveloped lands for the good of same time a soil bank program is pro- enabled me to observe and study con­ ·the taxpayers of this country rather than . posed to take out of production some ditions in that area. I can speak, there­ spend it on undeveloped foreign coun­ -40 million acres of producing farmlands fore, with some direct and personal tries who might som·e day be our enemies ·in order to alleviate the problem of sur­ knowledge, and do not have to depend in case of war, and our competitors in . plus crops. on what I am told by· people who are woild markets in peacetime. _ The charge · made by the proponents either proponents or opponents of the As a Representative from Illinois, I : of this bill is a deliberate misrepresenta­ project. · have in the past expressed opposition to -tion of California's position. Califor­ I am strongly in favor of the project this project~ - This was due at that time . nia's primary objection to the propo ~ ed for a number of reasons: · fo the inclusion of Echo Park Dam, as upper basin storage project is that under First of all, I know from a lifetime well as other poss-ible projects which -the storage plans: contemplated, as re­ . of observation and from,.,a. study of his­ would invade- and· destroy some of the . vealed in the official reports of the Bu­ tory that sound investment in develop­ natural b·eauties to be found in our na- _reau· of Reclamatiqn and the testimony ing the resources of this Nation, wher­ ' tional parks a·nd monuments. Any ob­ · of witnesses ·at the hearings, California's ever they may_'b.e loGated, .brings returns ·. jection I might have had at ·that time -rights to the use bf Colorado River water to the economy of · the entire Nation. · has now been eliminated by the remo-V:al ~ for irrigation and d-oinesfic purposes in Just as the States of the Atlantic sea- of Echo Park Dam from this profect~ :and - ~ou~hern' ealifornia wo~ld be tragically . board grew and prosper~d as a Fesult of ~ a ·p-ersenal assurance to me by the pro- affected. · A -recent · report· ~ade · ~Y .' a 1956"· CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 3631 board of consulting engineers to the San For your complete information I would look financially feasible, we are out­ Diego Water County Authority concludes like to give you the true picture on the raged. We ought to be. The provisions that if the upper Colorado River storage lower basin power contracts, about which of the compact of 1922, which I have project is built as planned, it would re- our opponents make so much. If all of read, a compact signed by all of these sult in the loss of at least half of the the water of the Colorado River over and upper-basin States, says that power gen­ water supply from the Colorado River for above the amount required for consump- eration "shall be subservient to the use the coastal plain. It is this real invasion tive use in the upper basin in accordance and consumption of such water for agri­ of water rights necessary to suppart a with its entitlement under the compact, cultural and domestic purposes and shall growing civilization now numbering over is permitted to flow to the lower basin, not interfere with or prevent use for such 6 million people which we cannot coun- which is clearly required by the provi- dominant purposes." · · tenance. California's. legal rights un- sions of the compact which I have cited, It is no solace to tell us this bill gives der the Colorado River compact and the the incidental production of power at us the. right to sue if we are hurt. It Boulder Canyon Project Act to the con- Hoover. Dam will take place in complete should be even less solace to all of the sumptive use of Colorado River water for satisfaction of the power contracts made 44 States whose taxpayers will feel the agricultural and domestic uses are ·at the ·by the Federal Government with Ari- burden of the hidden subsidy in this bill. heart of California's opposition to the zona, California, and Nevada. Whatever semblance of financial sanity upper Colorado River storage project as The Hoover Dam power contracts are there may be in this bill-the New York proposed in the pending bill. predicated on the expectation of Recla- Times said in.an editorial that "no part- You have heard, or will hear, that the mation Bureau .estimates of available nership is ,involved here, presumi:tbly be­ generation of power at Hoover Dam, in water supply and power production over cause no.businessman in his right .mind which incidentally Arizona and Nevada the 50-year contract period or until 1987. would invest in it"-is keyed into the are substantially interested as well as The esitmates made in 1941 by the Bu- power revenues the upper basin hopes California, is the real basis for California · reau were based upon the anticipation to get. If a future Court action ·decides

objectfons. This is false. 1 • , • th.at the available water· supply at Hoo~ the upper basin must let this water down The truth of the matter is that under ver Dam would be reduced progressively irlstead of impounding.it for a maximum · the plans for the upper basin storage over the 50-year period by increased con- power head, then the whole shaky house project, it is proposed to store and with- sumptive use in the upper basin. Firm of cards collapses and the e'ntire proj­ hold water in the huge storage reservoirs power was estimated and defined to be ect will be up for writeoff at the Federal . solely for the generation of power, in 4,330,000,000 kilowatt-hours starting Treasury. direct violation of the Colorado River with the first year of operation in 1937, This Congress should not _be .party to a compact, and in total disregard of rights diminished thereafter by 8, 760,000 kilo- bill of this magnitude which will violate in the lower basin. watt-hours each year by reason of up- the rights to use water needed now for The Colorado River compact-article per basin uses. At the same time, the consumptive use in the lower basin. III (e)-provides as follows: Bureau estimated that even with con- California has not objected to and has The States of the upper division shall not templated increased consumptive use in supported some 10 projects in the last withhold water, and the States of the lower the upper basin there would be available decade in the upper basin. We will con­ division shall not require the delivery of some 40 billion kilowatt-hours of second- tinue that support where our rights are water, which cannot reasonably be applied ary energy in total over the 50-year pe- not cut in half. This is not one proj­ to domestic and agricultural uses. riod at Hoover Dam. This, of course, is ect-it is several dozen in one bill. We over and above the firm energy which I must oppose it and we urge you in justice It f~rther provicles-article IV q:» : have mentioned and which the lower to do likewise. Subject to the provisions of this compact, water of the Colorado River system may be basin contractors have a right to· expect Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair- impounded and used for the generation of unless natural causes intervene. man, I yield 4 minutes to the gentleman electrical power, but such impounding and The estimates of power output at Hoo- from California [M,r. HINSHAW]. _ use shall be subservient to the use 'and con­ ver were understood from the outset to

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Address by P'°esident Gronchi of Italy TELLA, of Connecticut. I urge the House al agreements. It is my conviction that Foreign Aft'airs Committee to report out the Congress shouid carefully scan our EXTENSION OF REMARKS the resolution in the very near future. entire foreign-trade relations with a view OF to retaining its historic control of foreign trade and commerce. Congress, not the HON. VICTOR L. ·ANFUSO State Department or any other agency, OF NEW YORK Power of Conrress To Regulate Foreign should continue to exercise its constitu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Commerce tional power and duty to regulate for­ eign commerce of the United States. Wednesday, February _29, 1956 Mr. ANFUSO. Mr. Speaker, all of us EXTENSION OF REMARKS . were privileged to hear the very fine ad­ OF dress by the President of Italy, His Ex­ Statement of Hon. John W. McCormack, cellency Giovanni Gronchi, this after­ HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN noon. It was a message of sincere friend.:. OF MASSACHUSETTS of Massachusetts, on the Announce­ ship from the people of Italy to the peo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment of the President ple of America. It was also an expres­ Wednesday, February 29, 1956 sion of deep gratitude from the !tali.an EXTENSION OF REMARKS people for the aid given them in the re­ Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, the re .. habilitation of their country after World cent State Department pamphlet on OF War II. OTC tends, I think, to minimize the HON. CARL ALBERT President Gronchi gave us an honest power proposed to be lodged in this or­ and forthright account of one of our ganization designed to control interna­ OF OKLAHOMA stanchest allies in Europe, Italy. He tional commerce. , IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The question, however, this Congress acquainted us with its accomplishments Wednes~ay, February 29, 1956 in the past decade sirice the end of the must decide is whe.ther it proposes to sur­ war, its present conditions and major render its control over the regulation of Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, under problems, and its current· international foreign commerce and place it in the leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ position and outlook. . It was an en­ hands of an international body. Under · ORD, I include tpe fallowing statement of couraging picture coming at a time when present articles of the OTC agreement, the Honorable JOHN w. McCORMACK: ~ many nations of the free world are beset it appears that this organization is set up My guess for the past few months has been with all sorts of difficult problems. It is to exercise definite control and regula­ that the President would be a candidate. If particularly encouraging because the tion over the flow of international trade he is a candidate, there is a deep obligation leader of a great European 'country ap­ and would give the State Department to our country that the people must con­ rather than Congress the power to agree sider. Even under conditions of peace, .the peals to us "for closer and uninterrupted work of the President is most trying. In cooperation, carried on in & spirit of to any new obligations sought to be im­ these ·days of emergency, his responsibilities mutual trust and faith.'' posed upon us restricting the constitu­ are magnified many times. One of the obli­ Of particular interest also is President tional power of Congress to regulate our gations of the people is to recognize that Gronchi's view that a "better integrated trade. ours is a constitutional form of government, functioning of NATO" is needed. Under the proposed plan upon ap­ not a parliamentary or managerial one; that His views and comments will surely proval by Congress the OTC would thus there is no substitute for the leadership of be empowered to exercise regulatory the President, particularly in the field of for­ arouse much interest in Washington and eign affairs; that it is a 24-hour job and not abroad and will stimulate some fruitful powers over ·our tariffs and foreign com­ a part time or limited or semirecreational thinking and planning for the future. merce, and Congress in that event wjll one. While my guess has been that he would His visit has already borne results for the have surrendered one of its fundamental be a candidate, my individual opinion is that good in the relationship between our two constitutional prerogatives and obliga- any man in his position, without .regard. to countries and for the benefit of world tions. ' · party, would exercise wise judgment in riot peace and freedom. The State Department has already being a candidate. For over and above the benefits to some members of his party in Mr. Speaker, for this reason I urge agreed in the GATT convention to elim­ their campaigns for reelection, or even the Congress to take immediate action in inate certain import quotas and not to Republican Party remaining in control of approving the resolution which I intro­ establish others: our Government, is a 'question of the na­ duced on February 9, 1956, House Con­ It has also made agree.ments concern­ tional interest of our country. I doubt very current Resolution 213, expressing the ing· tariff rates at specified levels and to much that if the President runs and is friendship of the American people for the maintain certain items on the free list. elected, that the responsible authorities of people of Italy and voicing our hope that By this action the State Department other free government will enter into any agreements in the field of international Italy will remain one of the leading is in effect exercising specific constitu­ affairs that would be other than of a tem­ democratic nations of the free · world. tional powers and duties of the Congress. porary nature from day to day or week to Similar resolutions have been introduced If congressional powers are exercised by week. I doubt if they would enter into any by my colleagues HUGH J. ADDONIZIO and Congress in the future in the face of long-term agreement~ I realize he had a PETER w. RODINO, JR., of New Jersey; agreements already entered into by this hard decision to make with the polltical and PAUL A. FINO, of New York; DANTE B. Government, it will lay the Congress business ,pressures upon .him, and while I re­ FASCELL, of Florida; and ALBERT w. CRE- open to charges of breaking internation- spect his decision, nevertheless, from the