BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON LAND SNAILS AT ASSIUT, EGYPT دراﺳﺎت ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺔ وﺑﯿﺌﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﻮاﻗﻊ أرﺿﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ أﺳﯿﻮط ، ﻣﺼﺮ Remondah Rushdy Ramzy رﯾﻤﻮﻧﺪه رﺷﺪي رﻣﺰي Prof. Dr. Nasser A. El-Shimy Prof. Dr. Ahmad H. Obuid Allah Dr. Torkia A. Radwan ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻠﻄﯿﻒ اﻟﺸﯿﻤﻲ أﺣﻤﺪ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﻋﺒﯿﺪ ﷲ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺔ أﺑﻮ اﻟﻤﺠﺪ رﺿﻮان Abstract: The Mollusca is the second largest phylum of the animal kingdom, forming a major part of the world fauna. The Gastropoda is the only class of molluscs to have successfully invaded land. They are one of the most diverse groups of animals, both in shape and habit. Among gastropods, land snails (subclass: Pulmonata) are one of the most numerous with almost 35,000 described species of the world. On reviewing literature conducted on land snails of Egypt, as far as can be ascertained, most studies were focused on Lower Egypt but Upper Egypt was neglected. So, the present investigation was designed to fulfill this gap and to promote and enhance the studies of land snails, especially those which have economic importance. The study indicated that there were several differences between the two studied species. The lifespan in M. obstructa took about 12 months while in O. elegans it took about 8 months. It was noticed that in Monacha obstructa, laying eggs occurs during two periods. The first period takes about six months (from mid-autumn till mid-spring) while the second period takes about two weeks at the beginning of autumn. In case of Oxyloma elegans, laying eggs took about 6.5 months, starting from mid-October until the end of May. In the present study, it was recorded either in laboratory or in the field that in Monacha obstructa and Oxyloma elegans eggs are absent during summer months. Also, many traits (14 characters) of Monacha obstructa and Oxyloma elegans were recorded during rearing and concluded that the two species differ in the studied traits. § Study the effects of cross fertilization and self fertilization on certain traits of reared Monacha obstructa and Oxyloma elegans: For both investigated species, there were significant differences in the three traits between single and paired individuals, these traits are: 1: No. of clutches laid/snail: there was a marked increase in the paired snails than in single one. This increases the fecundity. 2, 3: Mean egg weight and diameter of egg: there was a marked increase in single individuals than in paired individuals. In case of the trait: mean hatchling size; there was a marked increase in paired snails in Monacha obstructa and the opposite was observed in Oxyloma elegans. § Study the effects of substrate on certain traits of Oxyloma elegans: The effects of substrate on certain traits of Oxyloma elegans could be concluded that there are highly significant differences in all the studied traits except in the two traits namely: length of adult and weight of adult. It could be concluded also, that the soil as a substrate, is the most suitable habitat for the snail, followed with leaves. The least suitable substrate was the twigs, since none of eggs were hatched in this case and the majority of traits were markedly reduced including length of adult when die, lifespan, no. of clutches laid/snail, mean no. eggs/clutch, no. of eggs/snail, mean egg weight and diameter of egg.

اﻟﻤﻠﺨﺺ ﺗﻌُﺪ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﺮﺧﻮﯾﺎت ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺒﺮ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﯿﺔ ، وﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺒﻄﻨﻘﺪﻣﯿﺎت اﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﯿﺪه ﻣﻨﮭﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻏﺰت اﻷرض ﻓﮭﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ واﺣﺪه ﻣﻦ أﺷﮭﺮ .اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﺑﺄﺧﺘﻼف اﻷﺷﻜﺎل واﻟﻌﺎدات. ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻘﻮاﻗﻊ اﻷرﺿﯿﺔ ھﻲ اﻷﺷﮭﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﻨﻘﺪﻣﯿﺎت ﺣﯿﺚ وﺻﻒ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ 35.000 ﻧﻮع ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ وﺑﺮﻏﻢ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮة ﺣﻮل اﻟﻘﻮاﻗﻊ اﻷرﺿﯿﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﮭﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺣﻈﯿﺖ ﺑﻘﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم واﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ وﻟﻢ ﺗﺤﻆ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ واﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﻘﺒﻠﻲ ﺣﯿﺚ أن ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﺰت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي. ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺻﻤﻤﺖ ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﻟﺘﻐﻄﯿﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ اﻟﻘﺼﻮر ﺗﺠﺎه .دراﺳﺔ ھﺬه اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺪ اﻷوﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻘﻮاﻗﻊ اﻷرﺿﯿﺔ أﺟﺮﯾﺖ دارﺳﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﺑﺄﺳﯿﻮط وھﻲ: ﺣﺪﯾﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﻧﺠﻮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﺠﺄ وﺣﺪﯾﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﺗﻘﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﺠﺄ و أرض ﻣﻨﺰرﻋﺔ • .ﺑﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻮاﺳﻄﻲ و ﻣﺸﺘﻞ ﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﺰﯾﻨﺔ ﺑﻤﺰرﻋﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ أﺳﯿﻮط. ﺗﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ ﻟﻤﺪه ﻋﺎم ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ أﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2007 وﺣﺘﻰ ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ 2008 ﺗﻢ ﻗﯿﺎس ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿﺔ وﻣﻨﮭﺎ: درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﮭﻮاء ودرﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ واﻟﺮطﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﯿﺔ وﺷﺪة اﻹﺿﺎءة و ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮي اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ • .واﻟﻌﻀﻮي ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ واﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﺟﯿﻨﻲ أﺟﺮﯾﺖ ﺗﺠﺎرب ﻣﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ دورة اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﻷﻛﺜﺮ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻘﻮاﻗﻊ ﺷﯿﻮﻋﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺠﻠﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ وھﻤﺎ اﻟﻨﻮﻋﯿﻦ :ﻣﻮﻧﺎﻛﺎ أوﺑﺴﺘﺮاﻛﺘﺎ و • .أوﻛﺰﯾﻠﻮﻣﺎ إﯾﻠﯿﺠﻨﺲ .أﺟﺮﯾﺖ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ أﻧﻮاع اﻷرﺿﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻗﻮﻗﻊ أوﻛﺰﯾﻠﻮﻣﺎ إﯾﻠﯿﺠﻨﺲ • : وﻗﺪ أظﮭﺮت اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ اظﮭﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺢ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ وﺟﻮد ﻋﺸﺮة أﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮاﻗﻊ اﻷرﺿﯿﺔ وﻣﻨﮭﺎ أرﺑﻌﺔ اﻧﻮاع ﺳُﺠﻠﺖ ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ وھﻲ: ﺑﯿﻮﺑﺎدس ﻛﻮﻧﻮﺑﻜﺘﺲ، . أوﻛﺰﯾﻠﻮﻣﺎ إﯾﻠﯿﺠﻨﺲ، ﻓﯿﺘﺮﯾﺎ ﺑﺎﺟﻤﯿﺎ و ﺳﯿﺴﻠﯿﯿﺲ إﺳﻜﯿﻼ وﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻷﻧﻮاع ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺗﺤﺖ طﺎﺋﻔﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻮﯾﺎت وﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻋﺎﺋﻼت وھﻲ: ﺑﯿﺒﻠﯿﺪي ، ﻓﺎﻧﻮﻟﯿﺪي ، ﺳﻜﺴﯿﻨﯿﺪي ، .زوﻧﺘﯿﺪي ، ھﯿﻠﯿﺴﯿﺪي ، ھﯿﺠﺮوﻣﯿﯿﺪي ، ھﯿﻠﯿﻜﻮدﯾﺴﯿﺪي ، ﻟﯿﻤﻨﯿﺪي و ﻓﯿﺮﺳﯿﺴﯿﯿﺪي : ﻗﺴﻤﺖ اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﺔ إﻟﻲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻗﺴﺎم ﺗﺒﻌﺎَ ﻟﺘﻮاﺟﺪھﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻊ وھﻲ . .ﻗﻮاﻗﻊ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻮاﺟﺪ وﻣﻨﮭﺎ: أوﻛﺰﯾﻠﻮﻣﺎ إﯾﻠﯿﺠﻨﺲ، ﻣﻮﻧﺎﻛﺎ أوﺑﺴﺘﺮﻛﺘﺎ و إﯾﻮﺑﻨﯿﺎ ﻓﯿﺮﻣﻜﯿﻮﻻﺗﺎ 1-