Indicative Map of the Pan-European Ecological Network for Central and Eastern Europe
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INDICATIVE MAP OF THE PAN-EUROPEAN ECOLOGICAL NETWORK FOR CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE TECHNICAL BACKGROUND DOCUMENT Editors: I.M.Bouwma, R.H.G. Jongman & R.O. Butovsky Prepared under the co-ordination of ECNC in co-operation with Alterra Published by: ECNC, Tilburg, the Netherlands Prepared by: European Centre for Nature Conservation, Tilburg, The Netherlands Copyright: © 2002 European Centre for Nature Conservation No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, for resale or other commercial purposes without the prior written permission of ECNC. Citation: I.M.Bouwma, R.H.G. Jongman & R.O. Butovsky (eds) (2002). The Indicative Map of Pan-European Ecological Network - technical background document. (ECNC Technical report series). ECNC, Tilburg, The Netherlands/Budapest Hungary. 101 pp + annexes ISBN: 90-76762-13-9 Printed by: Tilburg University Drukkerij, Tilburg, The Netherlands Cover design: Project V, Tilburg, The Netherlands Cover photo: River Pechora (Russia), B. Pedroli Cartography: Ms. C. de Kramer, Th. Jacobs & J. Onderstal Available from: European Centre for Nature Conservation (ECNC) Headquarters – Tilburg PO Box 1352 5004 BJ Tilburg The Netherlands Tel: +31 13 466 32 40 / Fax: +31 13 466 32 50 Email: [email protected] http://www.ecnc.nl Disclaimer: The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the funders or reviewers. Geographical names and administrative borders are based on information provided by Environmental Systems Research Institute inc. (ESRI). The designations of geographical entities in this report and on the indicative map, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of ECNC concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 2 Editors I.M. Bouwma, R.H.G. Jongman & R.O. Butovsky Project co-ordinators I.M. Bouwma (ECNC) & J.A. Klijn (Alterra) Members of the project team (in alphabetical order) I.M. Bouwma (European Centre for Nature Conservation) R. Butovsky (All-Russian Research Institute for Nature Protection) A. Dyduch-Falniowska (Institute of Nature Conservation-Polish Academy of Science) R.P.B. Foppen (Alterra) R.H.G. Jongman (Wageningen University) J.A. Klijn (Alterra) I. Lysenko (UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre) Ü. Mander (University of Tartu) S. Mücher (Alterra) A. Pickaver (EUCC - The Coastal Union) R. Reijnen (Alterra) K. Remm (University of Tartu) S. Tworek (Institute of Nature Conservation - Polish Academy of Science) M. Vegh (European Centre for Nature Conservation). Observer for the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries A.J.F.M. van Opstal (National Reference Centre for Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries). Funders The project was financially supported by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MATRA Fund – Programme International Nature Management); the Dutch DWK-fund; the Swiss Agency for Environment, Forests and Landscape, Ministry of the Walloon region of Belgium, the Council of Europe and the European Centre for Nature Conservation. The project was undertaken under the auspices of the Committee of Experts for the development of the Pan-European Ecological Network. 3 Table of Contents Preface.................................................................................................................................. 8 Acknowledgements............................................................................................................. 9 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... 10 Résumé exécutif ................................................................................................................ 12 Резюме............................................................................................................................... 14 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 17 2. Theoretical background and experiences with designing ecological networks 21 2.1 Theoretical background........................................................................................................... 21 2.1.1 Migration and dispersal............................................................................................................ 22 2.1.2 Connectivity ............................................................................................................................. 23 2.2 The Pan-European Ecological Network................................................................................... 24 2.2.1 Definition.................................................................................................................................. 24 2.2.2 Core areas of Pan-European importance ................................................................................ 25 2.2.3 Ecological Corridors................................................................................................................. 27 2.2.4 Buffer zones............................................................................................................................ 28 2.2.5 Nature restoration areas.......................................................................................................... 29 2.3 Data used in the project........................................................................................................... 30 2.3.1 Data availability....................................................................................................................... 30 2.3.2 Marine and Coastal Areas ....................................................................................................... 31 3. Methodology to prepare the Indicative Map of the Pan-European Ecological Network ..................................................................................................................... 35 3.1 Phases in the design process.................................................................................................. 35 3.2 Concept development, definitions, specification of reasoning ................................................. 36 3.3 Analysis of data, development of guidelines for the map design............................................. 39 3.4 Validation and consultation phase ........................................................................................... 41 4. Data collection and processing .............................................................................. 43 4.1 The Pan-European Ecological Network habitat map ............................................................... 43 4.1.1 Compilation of land cover map ................................................................................................ 43 4.1.2 Identification of priority habitat types ....................................................................................... 49 4.2 Identification of core areas based on species distribution data ............................................... 53 4.2.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 53 4.2.2 Selection of priority species..................................................................................................... 53 4 4.2.3 Identification of important areas based on distribution data of species ....................................55 4.3 Identification of core areas based on estimated area demands of species..............................58 4.4 Identification of core areas based on internationally designated sites .....................................61 4.4.1 Site status: assumptions for site selection. ..............................................................................61 4.4.2 Data compilation and assumptions for sites selection for application in the indicative map development: site area, size, and location versus map scale/resolution..................................63 4.5 (Pan) European Corridors........................................................................................................64 4.5.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................64 4.5.2 Bird migration corridors ............................................................................................................64 4.5.3 Terrestrial dispersal corridors...................................................................................................65 4.5.4 River corridors..........................................................................................................................66 5. The indicative map and its use................................................................................69 5.1 General ....................................................................................................................................69 5.2 What is meant by ‘indicative’? ..................................................................................................70 5.3 What does the indicative map show and what not? .................................................................71