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4 Complete Solutions I NTERNATIONAL J OURNAL OF H IGH -E NERGY P HYSICS CERNCOURIER WELCOME V OLUME 5 5 N UMBER 7 S EPTEMBER 2 0 1 5 CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the September 2015 issue of CERN Courier. In the steps It is now 60 years since the antiproton was discovered at Berkeley in September 1955 and 20 years since the first antihydrogen atoms were made at of the antiproton CERN. Over the decades, antiprotons have become a standard tool in particle physics, and antihydrogen is now a miniature laboratory for investigations in fundamental physics, as this month’s anniversary feature describes. Recently, the BASE collaboration at the Antiproton Decelerator reported on a new comparison of the proton and antiproton to test a basic symmetry. Also at CERN, the ALICE experiment is investigating how loosely bound objects, including antinuclei, can survive the hot and dense heavy-ion collisions at the LHC. To sign up to the new-issue alert, please visit: http://cerncourier.com/cws/sign-up. To subscribe to the magazine, the e-mail new-issue alert, please visit: http://cerncourier.com/cws/how-to-subscribe. 26 PENTAQUARKSLHCb INTERVIEW 24 ) CONFERENCE 2 22 LHCb observes Massimo Tarenghi: (GeV p TIME ψ 20 two exotic new telescope builder 2 J/ EDITOR: CHRISTINE SUTTON, CERN m 18 particles extraordinaire New results from DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY JESSE KARJALAINEN/IOP PUBLISHING, UK 16 p5 p31 the LHC experiments p8 2 3456 2 2 mKp (GeV ) CERNCOURIER www. V OLUME 5 5 N UMBER 7 S EPTEMBER 2 0 1 5 CERN Courier September 2015 Contents 4 COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Covering current developments in high-energy Which do you want to engage? physics and related fi elds worldwide CERN Courier is distributed to member-state governments, institutes and laboratories affi liated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for CERNCOURIER January and August. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the CERN management. Editor Christine Sutton V OLUME 5 5 N UMBER 7 S EPTEMBER 2 0 1 5 News editor Kate Kahle CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland Beamline Electronic Precision Current E-mail [email protected] Fax +41 (0) 22 785 0247 5 N EWS Instrumentation Transducers Web cerncourier.com • LHCb reports observation of pentaquarks • Pakistan becomes Advisory board Luis Álvarez-Gaumé, James Gillies, Horst Wenninger associate member state of CERN • AIDA-2020 offers support to Laboratory correspondents: use facilities for detector development in Europe BASE compares Argonne National Laboratory (US) Tom LeCompte • Brookhaven National Laboratory (US) P Yamin charge-to-mass ratios of proton and antiproton to high precision Cornell University (US) D G Cassel DESY Laboratory (Germany) Till Mundzeck Physics and performance in LHC Run 2 First results at 13 TeV EMFCSC (Italy) Anna Cavallini • • Enrico Fermi Centre (Italy) Guido Piragino and more from Run 1 • J/ψ mesons, b decays and more • First light Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US) Katie Yurkewicz for the PAU camera Fermilab sets neutrino-beam record • TURN-KEY Solution for Photon Beam • Precision current measuring Forschungszentrum Jülich (Germany) Markus Buescher • GSI Darmstadt (Germany) I Peter Position Monitors and for Power transducers with closed-loop current IHEP, Beijing (China) Tongzhou Xu 15 CIENCEWATCH IHEP, Serpukhov (Russia) Yu Ryabov S Supply System for Optics transformer technology (Zero Flux INFN (Italy) Antonella Varaschin Jefferson Laboratory (US) Steven Corneliussen technology) JINR Dubna (Russia) B Starchenko 17 A STROWATCH • Low Noise and High Resolution KEK National Laboratory (Japan) Saeko Okada Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (US) Spencer Klein • Ethernet Connectivity • Galvanic isolation between primary Los Alamos National Laboratory (US) Rajan Gupta 19 A RCHIVE NCSL (US) Ken Kingery and secondary conductor Nikhef (Netherlands) Robert Fleischer • Firmware Remote Update Novosibirsk Institute (Russia) S Eidelman F EATURES • Current-Output and Voltage-Output Orsay Laboratory (France) Anne-Marie Lutz PSI Laboratory (Switzerland) P-R Kettle 21 In the steps of the antiproton versions available Saclay Laboratory (France) Elisabeth Locci Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK) Julia Maddock A look at some of the studies over the years at CERN. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US) Farnaz Khadem TRIUMF Laboratory (Canada) Marcello Pavan 26 ALICE investigates ‘snowballs in hell’ Produced for CERN by IOP Publishing Ltd IOP Publishing Ltd, Temple Circus, Temple Way, How is it that loosely bound objects Bristol BS1 6HG, UK are observed in high-energy Tel +44 (0)117 929 7481 nuclear collisions? Publisher Susan Curtis Magnet Power MTCA.4 Production editor Lisa Gibson Technical illustrator Alison Tovey Supply Systems MicroTCA for Physics Group advertising manager Chris Thomas Advertisement production Katie Graham 31 Massimo Tarenghi: a lifetime in the stars Marketing & Circulation Angela Gage The man who built the world’s largest observatory. Head of B2B & Marketing Jo Allen Art director Andrew Giaquinto 35 F ACES &P LACES Advertising Tel +44 (0)117 930 1026 (for UK/Europe display advertising) ECRUITMENT or +44 (0)117 930 1164 (for recruitment advertising); 45 R E-mail: [email protected]; fax +44 (0)117 930 1178 • Digital Current Regulation Loop: General distribution Courrier Adressage, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland 49 B OOKSHELF • New standard for industry and science E-mail: [email protected] easiness to adapt to any load condition In certain countries, to request copies or to make address changes, contact: • Infrastructure for management of China Jiang Ya'ou, Library, Institute of High Energy Physics, PO Box 918, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China • High Modularity and Extreme Rear Transition Module (RTM) boards E-mail: [email protected] Germany Antje Brandes, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany Configurability E-mail: [email protected] • Custom design solutions UK Mark Wells, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon, Wiltshire SN2 1SZ • Ethernet Connectivity E-mail: [email protected] US/Canada Published by Cern Courier, 6N246 Willow Drive, • Firmware Remote Update St Charles, IL 60175, US. Periodical postage paid in St Charles, IL, US Fax 630 377 1569. E-mail: [email protected] POSTMASTER: send address changes to: Creative Mailing Services, PO Box 1147, St Charles, IL 60174, US Published by European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland I NTERNATIONAL J OURNAL OF H IGH -E NERGY P HYSICS Tel +41 (0) 22 767 61 11. Telefax +41 (0) 22 767 65 55 CERNCOURIER V OLUME 5 5 N UMBER 7 S EPTEMBER 2 0 1 5 Printed by Warners (Midlands) plc, Bourne, Lincolnshire, UK In the steps © 2015 CERN ISSN 0304-288X of the antiproton • Beamline Electronic Instrumentation On the cover: A 600 MeV/c antiproton interacts with a neon nucleus in the streamer chamber of the PS179 experiment at CERN’s Low Energy Antiproton Ring • Precision Current Transducers (LEAR) in the 1980s. It is now 60 years since the antiproton was discovered at 26 PENTAQUARKSLHCb INTERVIEW 24 ) CONFERENCE 2 22 LHCb observes Massimo Tarenghi: Berkeley and 20 years since the fi rst antihydrogen atoms were made at LEAR (p3). (GeV p TIME ψ 20 two exotic new telescope builder 2 J/ m 18 particles extraordinaire New results from • Magnet Power Supply Systems 16 p5 p31 the LHC experiments p8 2 3456 2 2 mKp (GeV ) (Image credit: CERN-EX-9902017.) • MTCA.4 - MicroTCA for Physics www.caenels.com 3 CC_CAENels_September2014_bcINSIDE.indd 1 28/07/14 16:37 CERNCOURIER www. V OLUME 5 5 N UMBER 7 S EPTEMBER 2 0 1 5 CERN Courier September 2015 News CERN LHCb reports observation of pentaquarks In 1964, Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig independently predicted a 26 substructure for hadrons: baryons would LHCb 24 be comprised of three quarks, mesons of a ) 2 quark–antiquark pair. They also said that 22 (GeV baryons with four quarks and one antiquark p ψ 20 2 were possible, as were mesons with two J/ quarks and two antiquarks – dubbed, m 18 respectively, pentaquarks and tetraquarks, 16 after the number of constituents. Since then, 2 3456 the picture for baryons and mesons has m2 (GeV2) been thoroughly established within QCD, Kp the theory of the strong interaction. Claims of the sighting of pentaquarks, meanwhile, have been thoroughly debunked. LHCb mKp > 2 GeV Nevertheless, their existence could cast 1000 200 Above: Fig. 3. An example of the Λ b decay. In important new light on QCD. 100 the top image, the Λ b (purple dotted line) + – – Now, the LHCb collaboration has 800 events/(20 MeV) travels 3.9 cm before it decays into μ μ K p, 0 announced the observation of two 4.0 4.5 5.0 whose tracks are shown in the image below. + m (GeV) + – J/ψ p ψ pentaquark states, Pc, in analysis of data 600 The μ μ are the decay products of the J/ . collected during Run 1 of the LHC at CERN. The discovery was made during the ● Further reading – 400 analysis of the decay Λb → J/ψ K p, a decay R Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration) 2015 mode used in the precision measurement events/(15 MeV) arXiv:1507.03414 [hep-ex]. 200 of the Λb lifetime (CERN Courier July/ August 2013 p8). There was, however, an apparent anomaly in the pattern of these 0 Sommaire en français decays. The Dalitz plot, in which only 5.4% 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 LHCb annonce l’observation de pentaquarks 5 is background, shows several expected mJ/ψ p (GeV) Λ* → K– p resonances as vertical bands, but Le Pakistan devient État membre associé 6 there is also a horizontal band, indicative of Top: Fig. 1. Dalitz plot showing m2(K– p) du CERN 2 a resonance decaying into J/ψ p, which was versus m (J/ψ p).
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