DOCSLIB.ORG

Around the Laboratories

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Around the Laboratories Around the Laboratories such studies will help our under­ BROOKHAVEN standing of subnuclear particles. CERN Said Lee, "The progress of physics New US - Japanese depends on young physicists Antiproton encore opening up new frontiers. The Physics Centre RIKEN - Brookhaven Research Center will be dedicated to the t the end of 1996, the beam nurturing of a new generation of Acirculating in CERN's LEAR low recent decision by the Japanese scientists who can meet the chal­ energy antiproton ring was A Parliament paves the way for the lenge that will be created by RHIC." ceremonially dumped, marking the Japanese Institute of Physical and RIKEN, a multidisciplinary lab like end of an era which began in 1980 Chemical Research (RIKEN) to found Brookhaven, is located north of when the first antiprotons circulated the RIKEN Research Center at Tokyo and is supported by the in CERN's specially-built Antiproton Brookhaven with $2 million in funding Japanese Science & Technology Accumulator. in 1997, an amount that is expected Agency. With the accomplishments of these to grow in future years. The new Center's research will years now part of 20th-century T.D. Lee, who won the 1957 Nobel relate entirely to RHIC, and does not science history, for the future CERN Physics Prize for work done while involve other Brookhaven facilities. is building a new antiproton source - visiting Brookhaven in 1956 and is the antiproton decelerator, AD - to now a professor of physics at cater for a new range of physics Columbia, has been named the experiments. Center's first director. The invention of stochastic cooling The Center will host close to 30 by Simon van der Meer at CERN scientists each year, including made it possible to mass-produce postdoctoral and five-year fellows antiprotons. With these beam cooling and visiting scientists. Its research techniques available, Carlo Rubbia focus will begin with theoretical proposed transforming CERN's then physics but will eventually expand to new SPS proton synchrotron into a include experimental studies. high energy proton-antiproton collider With Brookhaven the home of the T.D. Lee is first director of the new RIKEN US- and building big experiments to Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Japanese Research Center at Brookhaven. search for the W and Z carrier (RHIC), to begin operation in 1999, particles of the weak nuclear force. the new Center's research will relate With CERN anxious to spread its to the experiments that will be research wings, the message fell on performed at RHIC by scientists from fertile ground. In 1983, just three 19 countries. years after CERN accelerated its first RHIC's main purpose is to collide antiprotons in the specially built heavy nuclei such as gold at high Antiproton Accumulator, the W and Z energy to continue the search for the were in the bag and the following long-awaited quark-gluon plasma, year Rubbia and van der Meer were the precursor of conventional nuclear awarded their Nobel Prize. matter as the Universe cooled in the While the W and Z were the big wake of the Big Bang. prizes, this was not the only new But RHIC took on an additional, physics that antiprotons could complementary mission in 1995, provide, and alongside the big when RIKEN agreed to contribute machines the LEAR ring decelerated $20 million to equip RHIC for the the particles for another range of study of the world's highest-energy physics. LEAR hit the headlines in spin-polarized protons (November 1995 when a team working with a 1995, page 1). Scientists hope that special gas jet target at the Jetset CERN Courier, May 1997 1 Around the Laboratories For the future CERN is building a new antiproton source - the antiproton decelerator, AD - to cater for a new range of physics experiments. The AD will be built using the former Antiproton Collector (AC) ring, commissioned in 1987 to supplement the original Antiproton Accumulator and serve a new experimental area inside the ring's four straight sections, two of 28m and two of 15m, linked by densely packed magnet arcs. experiment saw the world's first atoms of antimatter (January 1996, page 1). The discovery of atomic antimatter made headlines across the world, but the big scientific question remained unanswered - does antimatter behave in exactly the same way as matter? Subtle differences between the behaviour of matter and antimatter could have significant implications for our understanding of how the Universe as we know it emerged from the Big Bang. To answer this question, LEAR would no longer be available, its destiny having already been decided. LEAR will now be converted into the LEIR ion ring to prepare beams of lead ions and other heavy nuclei prior to injection into CERN's new LHC collider, to come into operation in 2005. The new AD antiproton source will be built using the former Antiproton protons using a special production nal bunches of 5 x 107 antiprotons Collector (AC) ring, commissioned in target at the PS proton synchrotron, should survive. At this stage, the 1987 to supplement the original AA using the latest improvements in antiprotons will be ready for ejection and relieve it of the onerous task of beam handling techniques. into the waiting beamlines serving precooling the injected antiproton Initial stochastic cooling will reduce the experiments. beam prior to stacking in the AA. momentum spreads to just 0.1%, With the exploration of antihydrogen In this way CERN's antiproton levels after which the antiprotons will be or similar anti-atoms high on the were boosted tenfold. decelerated to 2 GeV/c momenta and agenda, the new ATHENA and The AC/AD transformation cost of the resultant beam blow-up ATRAP experiments will use some 7 million Swiss francs plus compensated by further stochastic magnetic trapping techniques to some external manpower will be cooling. create and capture more than 1000 provided by special contributions The existing 1.6 MHz radio- neutral atoms of antihydrogen per from several countries, including frequency system to decelerate the hour, and using precision laser Denmark, Germany, Italy, Japan, antiprotons will be modified to cover techniques for hyper-accurate Poland and the US. a frequency range of 0.5 -1.6 MHz, spectroscopy. The 'ring' has four straight sections, while the system used to rotate the Another experiment will be by a two of 28m and two of 15m, linked by particle bunches has to be moved to Japanese-European collaboration to densely packed magnet arcs. The AA free space for the new electron continue the exploration of and AC were concentric, with the AC cooling system. antiprotonic atoms, where a LEAR on the outside. Dismantling the AA When deceleration has reached experiment by a Tokyo/Okazaki/ ring liberates space for a new 300 MeV/c momenta, electron Munich/Budapest/CERN team experimental area enclosed by the cooling becomes the order of the discovered that antiprotonic helium AD. day. Using the cooler previously used can be extraordinarily stable For the AD, antiprotons, selected at at LEAR, momenta will finally reach a (December 1994, page 18). Earlier 3.57 GeV/c in the traditional way, will floor at 100 MeV/c. At these ener­ this year, the Japanese Ministry of continue to be produced by 26 GeV gies, an estimated 25% of the origi­ Education, Science, Sports and 2 CERN Courier, May 1997 CES PRESENTS: The RI02 &062: The Next Generation of PowerPC baaed VME Real-Time Computing Platforms 200 MHz PowerPC 603e or 604e Onboard ECC equipped EDO DRAM Separate CPU / DRAM and PCI / extendable from & to 12<3 Mbytes PRAM arbiters Remote reset Massive 1 Mbyte L2 cache Ethernet 10baseT 3\ock Mover Accelerator on VME and VSf3 supporting hardware chained block Two serial interface ports transfers (50 Mbytes/sec on VME with 10 us chaining) Two on-board PMC slots (for ATM, FDD\, PVIC, SCSI, S-Link,...) Optional V53 Interface Complete Lynx-OS self hosted development and target packages with CES enhanced specifications Up to & Mbytes of Flash EPROM The RI02 8062 has been designed to provide a general purpose VME platform for high-speed interfaces using the PCI bus. Its design characteristics have been aimed at the maximum throughput, without compromise on all the buses used. It offers unmatched tuning capacities for optimal real-time performances: • VERSATILE INTERRUPT STRATEGIES • POWERFUL MACRO COMMANDS. USER CALLABLE HIGH • ADVANCED INTERPROCESSOR SYNCHRONISATION PRIORITY OPERATIONS SUCH AS TAS, CAS, SOPHISTICATED • HARDWARE CHAINED BLOCK TRANSFERS MESSAGE PASSING (TAS ON VME IN LESS THAN 1 JUS). Slide-In / Slide-Out 100 % Software Compatible with the RI02 &060/61 100 % Performance Improvement on Data Calculation 30 % Performance Improvement on the buses For any additional information about this product or our complete PowerPC, PMC, Connections, VME, CAMAC and FASTBUS line, do not hesitate to contact us. CES Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41-22 792 57 45 Fax: +41-22 792 57 48 EMail: [email protected] CES.D Germany Tel: +49-60 55 4023 Fax: +49-60 55 82 210 CES Creative Electronic Systems SA, 70 Route du Pont-Butin, P.O. Box 107 CH-1213 Petit-Lancy 1 Switzerland http://www.ces.ch/CES_infoAVelcome.html CREATIVE ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS Around the Laboratories The COMPASS spectrometer at CERN's SPS proton synchrotron will combine a common core with interchangeable elements for proton (hadron) and muon beams. The common equipment consists of ring-imaging Cerenkov counters, RICH, electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters, ECAL and HCAL, muon filters, and the spectrometer magnet SM2. The main difference between the two configurations will be the target system and upstream spectrometer magnet, SM1-H. Culture (Monbusho) announced this HCALI muon setup project had been selected as an HCAL2 important ongoing project.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CERN Courier–Digital Edition
    CERNMarch/April 2021 cerncourier.com COURIERReporting on international high-energy physics WELCOME CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the March/April 2021 issue of CERN Courier. Hadron colliders have contributed to a golden era of discovery in high-energy physics, hosting experiments that have enabled physicists to unearth the cornerstones of the Standard Model. This success story began 50 years ago with CERN’s Intersecting Storage Rings (featured on the cover of this issue) and culminated in the Large Hadron Collider (p38) – which has spawned thousands of papers in its first 10 years of operations alone (p47). It also bodes well for a potential future circular collider at CERN operating at a centre-of-mass energy of at least 100 TeV, a feasibility study for which is now in full swing. Even hadron colliders have their limits, however. To explore possible new physics at the highest energy scales, physicists are mounting a series of experiments to search for very weakly interacting “slim” particles that arise from extensions in the Standard Model (p25). Also celebrating a golden anniversary this year is the Institute for Nuclear Research in Moscow (p33), while, elsewhere in this issue: quantum sensors HADRON COLLIDERS target gravitational waves (p10); X-rays go behind the scenes of supernova 50 years of discovery 1987A (p12); a high-performance computing collaboration forms to handle the big-physics data onslaught (p22); Steven Weinberg talks about his latest work (p51); and much more. To sign up to the new-issue alert, please visit: http://comms.iop.org/k/iop/cerncourier To subscribe to the magazine, please visit: https://cerncourier.com/p/about-cern-courier EDITOR: MATTHEW CHALMERS, CERN DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY IOP PUBLISHING ATLAS spots rare Higgs decay Weinberg on effective field theory Hunting for WISPs CCMarApr21_Cover_v1.indd 1 12/02/2021 09:24 CERNCOURIER www.
    [Show full text]
  • CERN to Seek Answers to Such Fundamental 1957, Was CERN’S First Accelerator
    What is the nature of our universe? What is it ----------------------------------------- DAY 1 -------- made of? Scientists from around the world go to The 600 MeV Synchrocyclotron (SC), built in CERN to seek answers to such fundamental 1957, was CERN’s first accelerator. It provided questions using particle accelerators and pushing beams for CERN’s first experiments in particle and nuclear the limits of technology. physics. In 1964, this machine started to concentrate on nuclear physics alone, leaving particle physics to the newer During February 2019, I was given a once in a lifetime and more powerful Proton Synchrotron. opportunity to be part of The Maltese Teacher Programme at CERN, which introduced me, as one of the participants, to cutting-edge particle physics through lectures, on-site visits, exhibitions, and hands-on workshops. Why do they do all this? The main objective of these type of visits is to bring modern science into the classroom. Through this report, my purpose is to give an insight of what goes on at CERN as well as share my experience with you students, colleagues, as well as the general public. The SC became a remarkably long-lived machine. In 1967, it started supplying beams for a dedicated radioactive-ion-beam facility called ISOLDE, which still carries out research ranging from pure What does “CERN” stand for? At an nuclear physics to astrophysics and medical physics. In 1990, intergovernmental meeting of UNESCO in Paris in ISOLDE was transferred to the Proton Synchrotron Booster, and the SC closed down after 33 years of service. December 1951, the first resolution concerning the establishment of a European Council for Nuclear Research SM18 is CERN’s main facility for testing large and heavy (in French Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire) superconducting magnets at liquid helium temperatures.
    [Show full text]
  • Beam–Material Interactions
    Beam–Material Interactions N.V. Mokhov1 and F. Cerutti2 1Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510, USA 2CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Abstract This paper is motivated by the growing importance of better understanding of the phenomena and consequences of high-intensity energetic particle beam interactions with accelerator, generic target, and detector components. It reviews the principal physical processes of fast-particle interactions with matter, effects in materials under irradiation, materials response, related to component lifetime and performance, simulation techniques, and methods of mitigating the impact of radiation on the components and environment in challenging current and future applications. Keywords Particle physics simulation; material irradiation effects; accelerator design. 1 Introduction The next generation of medium- and high-energy accelerators for megawatt proton, electron, and heavy- ion beams moves us into a completely new domain of extreme energy deposition density up to 0.1 MJ/g and power density up to 1 TW/g in beam interactions with matter [1, 2]. The consequences of controlled and uncontrolled impacts of such high-intensity beams on components of accelerators, beamlines, target stations, beam collimators and absorbers, detectors, shielding, and the environment can range from minor to catastrophic. Challenges also arise from the increasing complexity of accelerators and experimental set-ups, as well as from design, engineering, and performance constraints. All these factors put unprecedented requirements on the accuracy of particle production predictions, the capability and reliability of the codes used in planning new accelerator facilities and experiments, the design of machine, target, and collimation systems, new materials and technologies, detectors, and radiation shielding and the minimization of radiation impact on the environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Event Recorded by ATLAS When the LHC's Beam 2 Reached Closed
    A ‘beam splash’ event recorded by ATLAS when the LHC’s beam 2 reached closed collimators near the detector on 20 November. 12 | CERN “The imminent start-up of the LHC is an event that excites everyone who has an interest in the fundamental physics of the Universe.” Kaname Ikeda, ITER Director-General, CERN Bulletin, 19 October 2009. Physics and Experiments The moment that particle physicists around the world had been The EMCal is an upgrade for ALICE, having received full waiting for finally arrived on 20 November 2009 when protons approval and construction funds only in early 2008. It will detect circulated again round the LHC. Over the following days, the high-energy photons and neutral pions, as well as the neutral machine passed a number of milestones, from the first collisions component of ‘jets’ of particles as they emerge from quark� at 450 GeV per beam to collisions at a total energy of 2.36 TeV gluon plasma formed in collisions between heavy ions; most — a world record. At the same time, the LHC experiments importantly, it will provide the means to select these events on began to collect data, allowing the collaborations to calibrate line. The EMCal is basically a matrix of scintillator and lead, detectors and assess their performance prior to the real attack which is contained in ‘supermodules’ that weigh about eight tonnes. It will consist of ten full supermodules and two partial on high-energy physics in 2010. supermodules. The repairs to the LHC and subsequent consolidation work For the ATLAS Collaboration, crucial repair work included following the incident in September 2008 took approximately modifications to the cooling system for the inner detector.
    [Show full text]
  • Fifty Years of the CERN Proton Synchrotron Volume II
    CERN–2013–005 12 August 2013 ORGANISATION EUROPÉENNE POUR LA RECHERCHE NUCLÉAIRE CERN EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH Fifty years of the CERN Proton Synchrotron Volume II Editors: S. Gilardoni D. Manglunki GENEVA 2013 ISBN 978–92–9083–391–8 ISSN 0007–8328 DOI 10.5170/CERN–2013–005 Copyright c CERN, 2013 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Knowledge transfer is an integral part of CERN’s mission. CERN publishes this report Open Access under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) in order to permit its wide dissemination and use. This monograph should be cited as: Fifty years of the CERN Proton Synchrotron, volume II edited by S. Gilardoni and D. Manglunki, CERN-2013-005 (CERN, Geneva, 2013), DOI: 10.5170/CERN–2013–005 Dedication The editors would like to express their gratitude to Dieter Möhl, who passed away during the preparatory phase of this volume. This report is dedicated to him and to all the colleagues who, like him, contributed in the past with their cleverness, ingenuity, dedication and passion to the design and development of the CERN accelerators. iii Abstract This report sums up in two volumes the first 50 years of operation of the CERN Proton Synchrotron. After an introduction on the genesis of the machine, and a description of its magnet and powering systems, the first volume focuses on some of the many innovations in accelerator physics and instrumentation that it has pioneered, such as transition crossing, RF gymnastics, extractions, phase space tomography, or transverse emittance measurement by wire scanners.
    [Show full text]
  • CERN's Scientific Strategy
    CERN’s Scientific Strategy Fabiola Gianotti ECFA HL-LHC Experiments Workshop, Aix-Les-Bains, 3/10/2016 CERN’s scientific strategy (based on ESPP): three pillars Full exploitation of the LHC: successful operation of the nominal LHC (Run 2, LS2, Run 3) construction and installation of LHC upgrades: LIU (LHC Injectors Upgrade) and HL-LHC Scientific diversity programme serving a broad community: ongoing experiments and facilities at Booster, PS, SPS and their upgrades (ELENA, HIE-ISOLDE) participation in accelerator-based neutrino projects outside Europe (presently mainly LBNF in the US) through CERN Neutrino Platform Preparation of CERN’s future: vibrant accelerator R&D programme exploiting CERN’s strengths and uniqueness (including superconducting high-field magnets, AWAKE, etc.) design studies for future accelerators: CLIC, FCC (includes HE-LHC) future opportunities of diversity programme (new): “Physics Beyond Colliders” Study Group Important milestone: update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (ESPP): ~ 2019-2020 CERN’s scientific strategy (based on ESPP): three pillars Covered in this WS I will say ~nothing Full exploitation of the LHC: successful operation of the nominal LHC (Run 2, LS2, Run 3) construction and installation of LHC upgrades: LIU (LHC Injectors Upgrade) and HL-LHC Scientific diversity programme serving a broad community: ongoing experiments and facilities at Booster, PS, SPS and their upgrades (ELENA, HIE-ISOLDE) participation in accelerator-based neutrino projects outside Europe (presently mainly
    [Show full text]
  • CERN More Protons for Antiprotons
    The new DESY-II synchrotron for electrons and positrons, inside the old DESY-l, which will be later rebuilt as DESY-l 11 for a new lease of life injecting protons into the new HERA ring via PETRA. capture more antiprotons for subse­ quent stacking in the Antiproton Ac­ cumulator (AA), where the precious particles are stored before being sent into the SPS ring. As well as the ACOL ring (which will surround the AA ring in the exist­ ing AA hall), improvements are being implemented and other ideas studied all the way down the line. The antiprotons are formed when proton beams strike a target, and one way to get more antiprotons is simply to have more protons hitting the target. However the AA (and lat­ er ACOL) can only accept single turn injection. As the AA's circumference is only a quarter that of the PS, the proton beam in the PS can only fill a fraction of the machine's circumfer­ ence before being ejected towards the antiproton production target. The PS is fed in turn by the four ring Booster, and experts have been looking at various schemes to con­ centrate the PS beam (which normal­ be used in place of the ceramic one 'new' machine will use the DESY-l ly consists of 20 bunches) by playing needed for the old synchrotron. bending magnets which are of the tricks with the ejection and recombi­ The installation of components combined function type and, with the nation of the beams from the four will take place in a four-month shut­ addition of new quadrupoles and Booster rings.
    [Show full text]
  • Poster, Some Projects Are Also Progressing at CERN
    Status Report of Survey Activities Philippe Dewitte, Tobias Dobers, Jean-Christophe Gayde, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Introduction: France Besides the main survey activities, which are presented in dedicated talks or poster, some projects are also progressing at CERN. AWAKE, a project to verify the approach of using protons to drive a strong wakefield in a plasma which can then be harnessed to accelerate a witness bunch of electrons, will be using the proton beam of the CERN Neutrino to - Gran Sasso, plus an electron and a laser beam. The proton beam line and laser beam line are ready to send protons inside the 10m long plasma cell in October. The electron beam line will be installed next year. ELENA, a small compact ring for cooling and further deceleration of 5.3 MeV antiprotons delivered by the CERN Antiproton Decelerator, is being installed and aligned, for commissioning later this year. The CERN Neutrino Platform is CERN's undertaking to foster and contribute to fundamental research in neutrino physics at particle accelerators worldwide. Two secondary beamlines are extended in 2016-18 for the experiments WA105 and ProtoDUNE. In parallel the detectors for WA104 are refurbished and the cryostats assembled. This paper gives an overview of the survey activities realised in the frame of the above mentioned projects and the challenges to be addressed. AWAKE - Advance WAKefield Experiment AWAKE will use a protons beam from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) in the CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso facility (CNGS). CNGS has been stopped at the end of 2012. A high power laser pulse coming from the laser room will be injected within the proton bunches to create the plasma by ionizing the (initially) neutral gas inside the plasma cell.
    [Show full text]
  • The New Lhc Protectors Elsen
    Issue No. 9-10/2018-Wednesday 28 February 2018 CERN Bulletin More articles at http:/ / home.cern/ cern-people A WORD FROM ECKHARD THE NEW LHC PROTECTORS ELSEN A FEAST OF PHYSICS TO TIDE New collimators are being installed and tested in the LHC. They will im- US OVER UNTIL MORIOND. prove its protection and prepare it for higher luminosity in the HL-LHC While awaiting the annual tartiflette of physics that is the Moriond conference, at the forefront of which will be the results of the LHC's 13-TeV runs, it's refreshing to take a look at some of the other research that has been going on around the Laboratory. We have a very rich and diverse programme and there have been some very interesting developments over recent months. (Continued on page 2) In this issue News 1 The new LHC protectors1 A word from Eckhard Elsen2 Two wire collimators have been installed in the LHC tunnel on both sides of the ATLAS experiment. (Image: Max What's YETS for the experiments?3 Brice, Julien Ordan/CERN) High-level visits to CERN4 Collimators are the brave protectors of the has a wire integrated into its jaws, vacuum- New chairs for the Antiproton LHC. They absorb all the particles that brazed into its tungsten-alloy absorbers. A Decelerator Users Community5 stray from the beam trajectory. These un- current passing through the wire creates an Female physicists and engineers go ruly particles may cause damage in sen- electromagnetic field, which can be used back to school5 sitive areas of the accelerator, thereby to compensate the effect of the opposite Computer security: curiosity clicks the endangering operational stability and ma- beam.
    [Show full text]
  • 40 Years of CERN's Proton Synchrotron
    ANNIVERSARY 40 years of CERN's Proton Synchrotron CERN's Proton Synchrotron achieved its first high-energy beams 40 years ago. The pioneers at CERN had dared to follow a new, untested route in a bid to become the world's highest energy machine. Now, 40 years later, the valiant Proton Synchrotron remains the ever-resourceful hub of an unrivalled The team that coaxed the protons from CERN's Proton Synchrotron through the "transition particle beam energy" and up to 24 GeVon the night of 24 November 1959. Left to right: John Adams, Hans Geibel, Hildred Blewett, Chris Schmelzer, Lloyd Smith, Wolfgang Schnell and Pierre Germain. network. On 24 November 1959, CERN's new Proton Synchrotron acceler­ step from a weak-focusing to a strong-focusing synchrotron, its ated protons through the dreaded "transition energy" barrier and on design, construction and legendary start-up - has been told before. to achieve the nominal energy of 24GeV. Could any of those rejoic­ Instead we look at the evolution that has led to today's PS, the com­ ing on that historic day have thought that their machine would still plex that has grown around it and the assured future that awaits it. be alive and well 40 years later, or that it would be the hub of the world's largest complex of accelerators, at the centre of European History 1959-1999: protons high-energy physics? If such thoughts were on their minds, they cer­ The performance of the PS has increased, partly through patient tainly would not have extended so far in time or in performance.
    [Show full text]
  • THE PROTON-ANTIPROTON COLLIDER Lecture Delivered at CERN on 25 November 1987 Lyndon Evans
    CERN 88-01 11 March 1988 ORGANISATION EUROPÉENNE POUR LA RECHERCHE NUCLÉAIRE CERN EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH CERN ACCELERATOR SCHOOL Third John Adams Memorial Lecture THE PROTON-ANTIPROTON COLLIDER Lecture delivered at CERN on 25 November 1987 Lyndon Evans GENEVA 1988 ABSTRACT The subject of this lecture is the CERN Proton-Antiproton (pp) Collider, in which John Adams was intimately involved at the design, development, and construction stages. Its history is traced from the original proposal in 1966, to the first pp collisions in the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) in 1981, and to the present time with drastically improved performance. This project led to the discovery of the intermediate vector boson in 1983 and produced one of the most exciting and productive physics periods in CERN's history. RN —Service d'Information Scientifique-RD/757-3000-Mars 1988 iii CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. BEAM COOLING l 3. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE pp COLLIDER CONCEPT 2 4. THE SPS AS A COLLIDER 4 4.1 Operation 4 4.2 Performance 5 5. IMPACT OF EARLIER CERN DEVELOPMENTS 5 6. PROPHETS OF DOOM 7 7. IMPACT ON THE WORLD SCENE 9 8. CONCLUDING REMARKS: THE FUTURE OF THE pp COLLIDER 9 REFERENCES 10 Plates 11 v 1. INTRODUCTION The subject of this lecture is the CERN Proton-Antiproton (pp) Collider and let me say straightaway that some of you might find that this talk is rather polarized towards the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). In fact, the pp project was a CERN-wide collaboration 'par excellence'. However, in addition to John Adams' close involvement with the SPS there is a natural tendency for me to remain within my own domain of competence.
    [Show full text]
  • The CERN Antiproton Decelerator (AD) Operation, Progress and Plans for the Future
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CERN Document Server + EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH CERN – PS DIVISION PS/OP/Note/2002-040 The CERN Antiproton Decelerator (AD) Operation, Progress and Plans for the Future P.Belochitskii, T.Eriksson (For the AD machine team) Abstract The CERN Antiproton Decelerator (AD) is a simplified source providing low energy antiprotons for experiments, replacing four machines: AC (Antiproton Collector), AA (Antiproton Accumulator), PS and LEAR (Low Energy Antiproton Ring), shut down in 1996. The former AC was modified to include deceleration, electron cooling and ejection lines into the new experimental area. The AD started physics operation in July 2000 and has CERN-OPEN-2002-041 10/03/2002 since delivered cooled beams at 100 MeV/c (kinetic energy of 5.3 MeV) to 3 experiments (ASACUSA, ATHENA and ATRAP). Problems encountered during the commissioning and the physics runs will be outlined as well as progress during 2001 and possible future developments. Paper presented at the PBAR01 conference Aarhus, Denmark, 14-15 September 2001 Geneva, Switzerland 10 March 2002 1 INTRODUCTION History of the AD project: • June 1995, SPSLC: ‘whatever support CERN can provide for the spectroscopy of antihydrogen experiments to access an antiproton source will be important”. • 1996: Deceleration tests in AC, Design report published, ADUC formed (AD users committee) [Ref. 1]. • February 1997: AD project approved (with strong financial and manpower support from the user community). • 23 November 1998: Proton beam decelerated to 300 MeV/c • November 1999: First antiprotons ejected to experiments at 100 MeV/c (no cooling at 100 MeV/c).
    [Show full text]