3-16 Rest of the World in the 1860s 1 of 3 A Living Resource Guide to Lincoln's Life and Legacy

Events in Europe and the Rest of the World in the 1860s

In the United States In Europe and the Rest of the World

. Lincoln is elected President 1860 . Garibaldi conquers Sicily and Naples . South Carolina secedes from the Union . George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) . The US Secret Service is created publishes A Mill on the Floss . The Pony Express begins its overland . Frenchman Jean J. Lenoir builds the message delivery service first gas-burning engine . Olympia Brown becomes the first . Florence Nightingale founds the female theology student in the US world’s first nursing school . In Boston Elizabeth Peabody . The first British Open Golf establishes the first English-language Championship is held kindergarten . Louis Agassiz rejects Darwin’s theory of evolution, citing missing links . Alvan Clarks discovers that Sirius is a double star . Croquet becomes a popular pastime

. Abraham Lincoln is inaugurated 1861 . Unification of Italy President . Czar Alexander II abolishes serfdom . The Confederate States of America is in Russia created . Prince Albert, consort of Queen . Fort Sumter is fired on, beginning the Victoria, dies – leading the queen into Civil War 3 years of mourning . Lincoln orders a blockade of Southern . The principalities of Moldavia and ports Wallachia unite to form Romania . The South defeats the North in the . According to some, Edouard Manet’s First Battle of Bull Run Spanish Singer marks the beginning . Kansas is admitted to the Union of Impressionism . Matthew Brady begins his . Charles Dickens publishes Great photographic chronicling of the Civil Expectations War . George Eliot publishes Silas Marner . Elisha Otis patents a steam-powered . Gustave Doré illustrates Dante’s elevator Inferno . The transcontinental telegraph line . The Royal Academy of Music is makes the Pony Express obsolete founded in London . Eberhard Faber opens a pencil factory . The first horse-drawn trams begin in New York operation in London . Vassar College – first women’s college fully equal to a men’s college – is founded . The US Postal Service begins carrying merchandise in addition to letters . First federal income tax enacted

. Grant takes Forts Henry and Donelson 1862 . Otto von Bismarck advocates the in Tennessee unification of Germany under Prussian . The ironclads Monitor and Merrimack leadership fight to a draw . Nicaragua, Honduras and San . Grant wins the Battle of Shiloh Salvador make an unsuccessful . The bloodiest battle in American attempt to forma Central American

Office of Curriculum & Instruction/Indiana Department of Education 09/08 This document may be duplicated and distributed as needed. 3-16 Rest of the World in the 1860s 2 of 3 A Living Resource Guide to Lincoln's Life and Legacy

history – Antietam – is fought union . Morrill Land Grant Act passed . Foucault measures the speed of light . Congress authorizes the printing of . France begins to occupy Indo-China “greenbacks” – the first national . Victor Hugo publishes Les Misérables currency . Jean J. Lenoir builds the first . Gail Borden patent a process for automobile with and internal concentrating fruit juice combustion engine . Julia Ward Howe writes “The Battle . Swiss philanthropist Jean Henri Hymn of the Republic” Dunant proposes the creation of the . Abraham Jacobi opens the first Red Cross pediatric clinic in America . Richard J. Gatling invents the Gatling gun

. Emancipation Proclamation issued 1863 . Danish Prince George is selected to . West Virginia admitted to the Union be King of Greece (after the English . Lee wins the Battle of Chancellorsburg poet Lord Byron turns down the . Union forces win the Battle of position) Gettysburg . French troops occupy Mexico City – . Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Maximilian of Austria declared Address Emperor of Mexico . Homestead Act passed . Civil war breaks out in Uruguay . New York draft riots . Ismail Pasha, the new king of Egypt, . Stephen Collins Foster composes initiates modernization “Beautiful Dreamer” . Edouard Manet paints Luncheon on . Samuel Langhorne Clemens adopts the Grass the penname Mark Twain . Jules Verne publishes Five Weeks in . Ralph Waldo Emerson praises the a Balloon Emancipation Proclamation in his . Charles Kingsley publishes the “Boston Hymn” children’s book The Water-Babies . Thomas Bishop writes the lyrics for . William Huggins invents the stellar “When Johnny Comes Marching Home spectroscope and shows that stars Again” are similar to the sun . The National Academy of Sciences is . Scarlet fever kills more than 30,000 in founded in Washington, DC England . Ebenezer Butterick invents the first . The Football (soccer) Association is paper dress patterns sold in the US founded in London . James L. Plimpton introduces roller . Speke and Grant travel down the Nile skating to Americans to Central Africa

. Lincoln makes Grant general-in-chief of 1864 . Britain cedes the Ionian Islands to the Union Armies Greece . Sherman takes Atlanta and makes his . Russia crushes Polish revolts and destructive March to the Sea begins “russification” of Poland . Admiral David Farragut defeats the . Austria and Prussia declare war on Confederate Navy at Mobile Denmark . Nevada admitted to the Union . Russia creates the zemstvo system, a . Lincoln wins re-election form of representational limited local . Thomas Doughty invents the periscope government . George Pullman builds the first railroad . China suppressed the Taiping sleeping car (the Pullman Car) Rebellion . “In God We Trust” appears on a US . Coalition of British, French, Dutch, coin for the first time – the two-cent and American warships bombard piece Choshu forts to halt anti-Western . The fraternal organization The Knights movements in Japan of Pythias is formed in Washington, DC . Jules Verne publishes A Journey to

Office of Curriculum & Instruction/Indiana Department of Education 09/08 This document may be duplicated and distributed as needed. 3-16 Rest of the World in the 1860s 3 of 3 A Living Resource Guide to Lincoln's Life and Legacy

the Center of the Earth . Charles Dickens publishes Our Mutual Friend . Dostoevsky publishes Notes from Underground . James Clerk Maxwell proposes the electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light . Pasteur develops a method for “pasteurizing” wine (It will eventually lead to a similar process for milk.) . The Geneva Convention establishes the neutrality of medics and field hospitals in war

. Jefferson Davis makes Lee general-in- 1865 . Peru declares war on Spain chief of the Confederate Armies . Joseph Lister successfully uses . Grant surrenders to Lee at Appomattox carbolic acid to prevent infection in a Court House wound . Lincoln assassinated . Leo Tolstoy publishes War and Peace . Andrew Johnson inaugurated . Jules Verne publishes From the Earth President to the Moon, predicting that America . Colorado militia suppress the will launch the first flight to the moon Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians . Lewis Carroll publishes Alice’s . 13th Amendment ratified Adventures in Wonderland . William Lloyd Garrison publishes the . Gustave Doré makes his illustrations last issue of the abolitionist paper The for the Bible Liberator . Marquis of Queensbury Rules . MIT founded (It serves 15 students.) supplant the practice of bare-knuckled . Alexander Holley produces the first boxing American steel using the Bessemer . William Booth founds and organization Process that will become the Salvation Army in . Tony Pastor becomes the “Father of 1878 Vaudeville” . Walt Whitman publishes Drum Taps . Vassar appoints Maria Mitchell the first female professor of astronomy . Chicago becomes the world’s greatest meat-packing center . New York creates the first fire department staffed by paid fire fighters

Office of Curriculum & Instruction/Indiana Department of Education 09/08 This document may be duplicated and distributed as needed.