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The Nature of Soviet Power: an Arctic Environmental History Andy Bruno Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-14471-2 - The Nature of Soviet Power: An Arctic Environmental History Andy Bruno Index More information Index abatement methods, 117, 202, 208, 213, All-Union Association of the Chemical 215 Industry, 89, 98, 106 air filters, 107, 112, 116 Alps, 233 dust collectors, 112, 116 aluminum, 10, 110, 114, 115, 120, 199, environmental monitoring lab, 259 247 relocations, 117, 119, 201 Alymov, Vasilii, 139, 141, 143–146, 149, sanitary-defense zones, 116, 194, 201 152 smokestacks, 192, 194, 205, 259 Anderson, David, 123, 141 sulfur dioxide conversion, 181, 197, Andreeva Bay, 262, 264 206, 213, 214 Andrushechko, Aleksandr, 220, 221, 254 tailing dumps, 116, 119, 120 Anthropocene, 15, 18, 191, 271 ventilation, 112, 197 Apatit, 69, 73, 88, 89, 93–120, 122, 148, water purification, 95, 116 153, 179, 211, 228–231, 235, 236, water recycling, 119 237, 257 Academy of Sciences, 82, 85, 92, 95, 110, apatite, 27, 74, 77–81, 83–85, 87–88, 90, 196, 212 95–99, 103, 105–107, 110, 112, acid rain. See pollution 116–120, 124, 171, 234, 247, 269, Africa, 32, 147, 186 272 agriculture, 2, 10, 21–23, 27, 36, 39, 63, Apatite-Nepheline Commission, 87, 88 64, 77, 84–85, 89, 102, 103, 108, Apatity, 72, 117, 122 125, 132, 134, 142, 143, 147, 149, Aral Sea, 172 153, 154, 157, 162, 165, 169, 241, Arctic Circle, 2, 55 255 arctic fox, 78 Ahlander,˚ Ann-Mari Satre,¨ 172 Arctic Ocean, 37, 187, 257, 261, 265 air. See pollution Arctic, historiography of, 17–18 air filters. See abatement methods Arkhangel´sk, 37, 39, 42, 43, 46, 49, 59, Aleksandrov, Anatolii, 249 60 Aleksandrovsk, 2, 41, 46, 251. See also Arkhangel´sk province, 1, 36, 37, 39, 41, Poliarnyi 43, 53, 128, 130–132, 225, 228 Aleksandrovsk district, 225, 228 Arkhangel´sk Society for the Study of the Alexander II, 34 Russian North, 43, 48 Alexander III, 1, 39, 41 Arkhipov, Fedor, 137 Allied Powers, 46, 57, 59–61, 188 Arkhipov, Kondrat, 148, 149 276 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-14471-2 - The Nature of Soviet Power: An Arctic Environmental History Andy Bruno Index More information Index 277 Arktikugol´, 232 Brovtsev, Sergei, 180 Arnol´dov, Aron, 65, 67 Brown, Kate, 220 Artiev, Ivan, 146 Brundtland, Gro Harlem, 216 assemblage, 9, 269 Buchanan, George, 46 assimilation of nature, 12–14, 27, 30–32, Buck-Morss, Susan, 271 40, 41, 65, 67, 72, 75, 93, 122, 139, 175, 193 Campbell, Robert, 241 Association of Kola Sami, 164 Canada, 33, 38, 51, 65, 84, 168, 178, 184, Aswan High Dam, 234 188, 205, 218 Atomflot, 250 capitalism, 14–16, 19, 20, 27, 28, 36, 43, atomic energy. See nuclear power 73, 76, 77, 97, 123, 165, 172–175, autarky, 28, 175, 178, 185 178, 179, 199, 208–211, 215, 219, authoritarianism, 24, 28, 172, 174–175, 271, 273, 274 242 Caspian Sea, 260 avalanches, 22, 86, 95, 113, 269 Castro, Fidel, 210 Averintsev, Sergei, 12 central planning, 84, 273 Avrorin, Nikolai, 91, 108 Chaikovskii, Nikolai, 60 Chal´mny-Varre, 158. See also Ivanovka Baikal, Lake, 172, 198 Charnoluskii, Vladimir, 121, 124, Bailes, Kendall, 39 139–142, 144, 147, 151 Baltic countries, 186. See also specific Cheka, 64 countries Chekhov, Anton, 225 Barents Sea, 2, 30, 34, 35, 114, 237, 244, Chernobyl accident, 172, 220, 253, 261, 248, 254, 257, 265 262 Bel´kov, Igor, 269 Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, 253, 261 Beliaev timber factory, 226 China, 32, 174, 234 Bellona, 216, 222, 264 Chirkin, Gennadii, 12, 29, 42, 48, 65, 67, Bennett, Jane, 9 231, 239 Beresnev, Ivan, 187 Chizhov, Fedor, 37 Beriia, Lavrentii, 187 Chudz´iavr, 158 Bibikov, Sergei, 53, 54 Chuna tundra, 185 birds, 2, 17, 80, 81, 263 city design. See urban planning Blackbourn, David, 31 civil society, 212 Blaikie, Piers, 53 class, 93, 143–146, 148, 151 blizzards, 62, 86, 104, 181 climate, 2, 18, 21, 22, 35, 41, 53, 56, 59, Bol´shevik collective farm, 158, 160, 161 60, 62, 65, 74, 86, 91, 94, 98, 102, Bolotova, Alla, 76, 117, 255 107, 117, 129, 170, 193, 194, 236, Bolsheviks, 12, 17, 20, 31, 40, 62–64, 68, 239, 255 74, 81, 93, 113, 115, 134, 138, 180, climate change, 17, 18, 169, 259, 265, 275 187, 223, 227, 267. See also closed cities, 250 Communist Party coal, 28, 50, 99, 213, 222, 224, 229, 232, Bonhomme, Brian, 20 233, 240, 241, 247, 252, 258–260 Boris and Gleb Hydroelectric Station cobalt, 176, 181, 185–187, 197, 201 (GES), 244 cold, 22, 23, 50, 54, 57, 61, 71, 82, 83, 86, Brain, Stephen, 20, 76, 154 104, 105, 124, 173, 182, 235, 236, Brandstr¨ om,¨ Elsa, 52 269 Brazil, 174 Cold War, 19, 159, 174, 175, 191, 193, Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of, 59 199, 204, 208, 213, 220, 250, 272 Brezhnev, Leonid, 13, 213, 260 collective farms. See specific collective farms Britain, 51, 192, 223, 226, 257 collectivization, 13, 84, 102, 142–149, Broido, Evgenii, 252 151, 156, 157 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-14471-2 - The Nature of Soviet Power: An Arctic Environmental History Andy Bruno Index More information 278 Index colonization, 2, 12, 27, 29, 32–37, 41–43, respiratory problems, 116, 171, 201 48, 64, 66, 67, 83, 86, 87, 102, 132 rheumatism, 53 Columbia River, 233 rhinitis, 194 command economy, 28, 84, 172, 174, 175, rickets, 105 209, 273 scurvy, 52–54, 58, 62, 63, 70, 105 Committee of the North (Committee for silicosis, 194 Assistance to the Peoples of the tuberculosis, 53, 70, 105, 112 Northern Borderlands), 139. See also typhoid fever, 105 Murmansk Branch of the Committee typhus, 54, 70, 105 of the North Distant Early Warning line, 199 communism, 1, 6–9, 14–16, 18–20, 24, 28, Dnepr River, 234 29, 39, 62, 68, 144, 172–175, 178, Dnepr-1, 257 196, 203, 208–211, 215, 222, 224, Dnepr-2, 257 260, 269–271, 273, 274 Dobrovolets collective farm, 158, 160, Communist Party, 10, 13, 70, 88, 102, 161. See also Saam work association 106, 108, 111, 113, 115, 119, 124, Dohan, Michael, 179 143, 144, 148, 149, 154, 177, 182, dominance over nature, 13, 75, 93, 122, 183, 193, 196, 209, 215, 236, 247. 176, 231, 273 See also Bolsheviks Donetsk, 233 complex utilization of natural resources, dualistic conception of nature, 11–15, 27, 10, 15, 97, 111, 181, 273 77, 93, 272. See also assimilation of conquest of nature, 11–14, 27, 30–32, 37, nature, conquest of nature, dominance 45, 56, 67, 69, 71, 75, 76, 89, 93, over nature, and harmony with nature 122, 186, 252, 268, 269, 272 dust. See pollution conservation. See abatement methods and dust collectors. See abatement methods reindeer and reindeer herding Dwyer, Mark, 124 consolidation of collective farms, 14, 123, Dzerzhinskii, Feliks, 64 125, 155–161, 167 Convention on Long-Range Eastern Europe, 220. See also specific Transboundary Air Pollution countries (LRTAP), 213 ecocide, 19, 172 copper, 6, 27, 98, 171, 176–177, 179, ecosystem, 2, 13, 18, 24, 74–76, 78, 89, 183–185, 187, 189, 193, 194, 197, 105, 120, 130, 132, 138, 176, 184, 201, 204–206, 210, 215, 218, 189, 191, 194, 201, 202, 204, 210, 270 214, 225, 236, 245, 257, 272, 273 Coronil, Fernando, 124, 242 eczema. See diseases Costlow, Jane, 133 Egypt, 234 Council of Labor and Defense, 64 Eikhfel´d, Iogan, 85, 108 Crimean War, 34 Ekaterina harbor, 40–42, 251 Crutzen, Paul, 191 El´iavr-Chai stream, 243 Cuba, 210 electricity, 9, 16, 160, 222, 224, 229–237, 239, 242–244, 247–248, 254, 264. Danilevskii, Nikolai, 36, 44 See also hydroelectricity DeHaan, Heather, 90 Ena, 71 de-kulakization, 70, 93, 102, 143, 145, Engel´gardt, Aleksandr, 1, 2, 6, 36, 37, 41, 148 65, 131 Denmark, 33, 168 enterprises. See specific enterprises diseases, 53–55, 61, 70, 109, 116, 160, environmental monitoring lab. See 187. See also reindeer diseases abatement methods eczema, 194 environmentalism, 14, 18, 20, 21, 76, 175, measles, 105 198, 211, 216, 262, 274 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-14471-2 - The Nature of Soviet Power: An Arctic Environmental History Andy Bruno Index More information Index 279 ethnicity, 2, 6, 9, 23, 24, 26, 27, 34, 36, 51, fossil fuels. See coal, natural gas, and oil 54, 122–125, 131, 133, 134, 137–139, France, 57, 78, 176 141, 142, 144, 145, 147, 151, 152, Fridolin, Vladimir, 85, 86, 110 156, 157, 163, 164, 167–169 Friendly Jr., Alfred, 172 ethnography, 24, 25, 27, 121, 123, 127, fuel, 4, 18, 36, 49, 50, 54, 62, 64, 66, 221, 134, 137–141, 151, 168 224–233, 240, 241, 247, 250, 252, extensive growth, 28, 175, 191–202, 210, 253, 257–260, 262, 265 241, 270 Gaddy, Clifford, 173, 179 Falconbridge, 205 Gare, Arran, 174 famine and hunger, 22, 36, 50, 53–55, Gatrell, Peter, 52 59, 61–63, 70, 105, 148, 182, 194, Gazprom, 265 235 General Engineering Company, 98 Fedorov, Pavel, 45 Germany, 59, 115, 174, 185, 188, 190 Fersman, Aleksandr, 10, 66, 73, 74, 82, Giddens, Anthony, 248 83, 87, 93, 97, 110, 111, 177, 181, Gille, Zsuzsa, 9, 196 231, 273 global economic pressures, 16, 20, 28, 175, fertilizer, 6, 16, 74, 77, 80, 83–85, 106, 179, 208, 270, 273 119 Goldman, Marshall, 202 Feshbach, Murray, 172 Gor´kii, Maksim, 75 Filtzer, Donald, 19, 192, 193 Goriachkovskii, Vladimir, 51 Finland, 1, 45, 53, 64, 71, 127, 152, Great Acceleration, 191 167, 178, 186–188, 214, 218, 243, Great Break, 73, 77, 84, 87, 88, 90, 149, 254 165, 170, 176, 179, 229, 232, 270 Finnmark, 33, 36, 40 Great Reforms, 34, 40 Finno-Ugric languages, 126 green Marxism, 173 Finns, 2, 36, 51, 151, 214, 236 Greenland, 199 fires, 50, 107, 109, 152, 153, 182 Gudlevskii, A.
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