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Downloaded the Content Is in English LEGAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS CENTRE PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT REPORT OF THE 10TH PARLIAMENT OF THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA 2010-2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Legal and Human Rights Centre (LHRC) would like to express gratitude to all respondents who participated in this study from Members of Parliament and the office of the Parliament, members from various political parties, academicians, business communities, religious leaders, government agencies, trade unions, students and various civil society organizations (CSO’s). Also the team that undertook the study. Specifically; the Lead Researcher Dr. Alexander Makulilo from the Department of Political Science and Public Administration of the University of Dar es Salaam. It is worth mentioning other members of the team: Prof. M. Bakari, Dr. V. Makulilo, Dr. C. Sulley, Ms. H. Mwendah, Mr. R. Henry, Mr. G. Jeriko, Mr. E. Kondi, Ms. J. Kweka, Ms. L. Christian, and Mr. O. Tarimo all from the University of Dar es Salaam. Further acknowledgement is due to all members of the LHRC who were involved in shaping the report, quality assurances' and editing of the report. All who were involved LHRC recognises them as they have made this report what it is. ii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ANC African National Congress APF l’Assemblée Parlementaire de la Francophonie BAKWATA Baraza la Waislamu Tanzania CAG Controller and Auditor General CCM Chama cha Mapinduzi CDF Constituency Development Fund CHADEMA Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo CPA Commonwealth Parliamentary Association CSO Civil Society Organisation CUF Civic United Front CWT Chama Cha Walimu Tanzania DAS District Administrative Secretary DEP Deepening Democracy in Tanzania Project DED District Executive Director GDP Gross Domestic Product IPU Inter-Parliamentary Union LEGCO Legislative Council LGA Local Government Authority LGAC Local Government Accounts Committee LHRC Legal and Human Rights Centre MoFEA Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs NA National Assembly NCCR-M National Convention for Construction and Reform NDI National Democratic Institute for International Affairs NEC National Electoral Commission NGO Non -Governmental Organisation NLD National League for Democracy NSSF National Social Security Fund OGP Open Government Partnership OUT Open University of Tanzania PAC Public Account Committee PCCB Prevention and Combating of Corruption Bureau POAC Public Parastatal Organization Accounts Committee PWDs People with Disabilities RAS Region Administration Secretary SADC PF Southern African Development Community Parliamentary Forum SADC Southern Africa Development Community SPSS Statistical Package for Social Sciences TANAPA Tanzania National Parks Authority TANESCO Tanzania Electricity Supply Company iii TANU Tanganyika African National Union TBC Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation TLP Tanzania Labour Party TLS Tanganyika Law Society UDSM University of Dar es Salaam UNDP United Nations Development Programme URT United Republic of Tanzania UTP United Tanganyika Party WBI World Bank Institute iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Promises made by Members of Parliament in 2010 General Elections ............................. 25 Figure 2: Citizens’ Opinions on Re-election of MPs in 2015 Elections ........................................... 26 Figure 3: Perception of the Autonomy of the Parliament by Different Categories of Respondents . 36 Figure 4: The Effectiveness of the Parliament in following up the Implementation of its Resolutions .......................................................................................................................................... 42 Figure 5: The ability of the 10thParliament to influence and scrutinize the national budget, in all its stages .................................................................................................................................. 63 Figure 6: Adequacy of the time devoted to discuss the budget in Parliament .................................. 68 Figure 7: Acceptability of the Recommendations of the Public Accounts Committee by the Government ....................................................................................................................... 70 Figure 8: The effectiveness of the Parliament in monitoring government expenditure ex-post ....... 72 Figure 9: Accessibility of Parliamentary Proceedings to the Media and the Public ......................... 76 Figure 10: Rate of Openness and Accessibility to the proceedings and reports ................................. 78 Figure 11: Perception on procedures for individuals and groups to make submissions to a Parliamentary committee. ................................................................................................. 81 Figure 12: Adequacy of Opportunities for Citizens to Express their Views Directly to their Representatives ................................................................................................................. 84 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Speakers of the Tanzanian Parliament from 1926 – To present ........................................ 11 Table 2: Composition of members the 10th Tanzanian Parliament (2010 - 2015) ........................... 17 Table 3: Parliamentary Representation by Political Parties from 1995 to 2015 .............................. 19 Table 4: Electorates’ Contact with Members of Parliament ............................................................ 21 Table 5: Public Trust in Parliament ................................................................................................. 22 Table 6: Effectiveness of Representation of Individual Members of Parliament ............................ 23 Table 7: Resources Available to all Members of Parliament .......................................................... 26 Table 8: Effectiveness of Parliament in Following up Implementation of its Resolutions ............. 29 Table 9: Right of all members of Parliament to express their opinions freely ................................ 31 Table 10: The Extent to which Party Discipline Constrain Effectiveness of Parliament .................. 33 Table 11: Respondents views on the adequacy of time to scrutinise and pass Bills.......................... 52 Table 12: Respondents’ opinions on the level of Citizens Participation in public hearings .............. 54 Table 13: Respondents’ opinions on the supremacy of Parliament in discharging its functions ...... 55 Table 14: Respondents Opinions on Freedom of Expression f Mpsand Executive Interference and Legal Constraints ............................................................................................................... 56 Table 15: Civil Society Engagement with Parliament in Influencing Law-making Process ............. 57 Table 16: LHRC Recommendations to Bills/Instruments ................................................................. 57 Table 17: Total amounts of National budget during the 10thParliament per year............................. 62 Table 18: Rate of Openness and Accessibility to Parliamentary investigation results ...................... 78 Table 19: Level of journalists’ freedom to report on the tenth Parliament ........................................ 79 Table 20: Perception on the Tenth Parliament Effectiveness in Informing the Public ...................... 83 vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is the second report by the Legal and Human Rights Centre to assess the performance of Tanzanian Parliament during the five years period. The first study covered the ninth Parliament (2005-2010) and the present study covers the tenth Parliament (2010-2015). The present study employed the six criteria endorsed by the SADC Parliamentary Forum’s Benchmarks for Democratic Legislatures in Southern Africa (2012). The six criteria are as follows: (i) Separation of Powers (ii) Accessibility of Parliament (iii) Ethical Governance (iv) Representativeness of Parliament (v) Transparency and Accountability; and (vi) Tolerance and Respect of Opinion during Debating. The study employed three main techniques in data collection, namely documentary reviews, expert opinion survey, and in-depth interviews. The expert opinion survey involved 121 respondents from different categories, namely members of Parliament, Parliamentary secretariat, Parliamentary committees, government agencies, academics, CSOs, political parties, students, the business community, religious leaders and persons with disabilities (PWDs). The in-depth interviews involved 16 key informants who were purposefully and carefully selected from the above categories of respondents. The key findings of the study are as follows: First, some progress had been registered by the Parliament with respect to discharging its oversight role over the executive branch of government. The 10th Parliament was vibrant and to a considerable extent capable of supervising the executive and holding public officials to account on unethical conduct and, in the process, embezzlement, fraud and other types of misconduct were revealed. This prompted the Parliament to take steps that led to the sacking or resignation of ministers and deputy ministers or reshuffling of the cabinet by the President at different times. It was also the 10thParliament that, for the first time, the CAG report was presented to it, discussed and deliberated upon. Some Parliamentary Standing Committees did a commendable job that is appreciated by the public, media, Civil Society Organizations, Political Parties and academics. The Parliament, increasingly worked constructively with Civil Society Organizations and the
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