Imagine yourself trying to design or evaluate a new color graphics monitor Designing or when the logic to drive it is still eight weeks from working! With OPIX you can not only drive buying 200MHz the monitor- you can create a full color graphics image similar to one your end product might produce-today! video monitors? YOU have control of the syncs, the scan rate-the video image itself. Con­ struct a test image that will help YOU best during the des ign or evaluation We have a tool phase of your monitor. Here's what OPIX gives you: • 1.6-200 MHz pixel rate. made just for you. • Selection of 256 colors from over 16 million. • Text and graphics in the same image. • Non-volatile image storage. • RS-232 & I EEE- 488 interfaces. With all this flexibility, you might think that operating OPIX has to be a night­ mare. Actually, it's quite simple. You make changes by simply pointing to values with a button and "tweaking" them with a knob. OPIX "understands" the way a video display works-so it responds as you'd expect. If you have a project that needs a signal generator, we know you'll like OPIX. Call us. (312) 668-3301

(·~~~!~~ i)J\Td™ Carol Stream, IL 60188 (312) 668-3301 TELEX 206 725 State-of-the-Art Solutions to EMI Problems

EAGLE MAGNETIC CO., INC. Magnetic Shields (CRT-XTM-PM) Sheet & Foil P.O. Box 24283 Indianapolis, Ind. 46224 Phone 317-297-1030

June 1985 1 MINOLTA INDUSTRIAL METERS REMARKABLE VERSATILITY COMBINED WITH SUPERB ACCURACY­ MINOLTA METERS CONFORM TO CIE SPECTRAL RESPONSE STANDARDS.

MINOLTA TV COLOR ANALYZER II • Enables objective white-balance measurement and adjustment of color • The analyzer has four memory channels for white standard plus four monitors. CRT memory channels. This enables measurement and adjustment of • C:lear. accurate digital and analog displays simplify adjustment of different models of CRT's. monitors on production lines.

LUMINANCE METERS ILLUMINANCE METERS CHROMA METER CL-100 • The Luminance Meter ft-1°, nt-1°, or nH-3° is • Accurate light measuring capabilities in a • Ability to measure light source color and color the perfect choice for readings of light source versatile, hand-held meter. difference between sources. or surface brightness. The single-lens-reflex • A custom-designed liquid crystal display • Chromaticity and color difference are viewing system provides a bright, magnified indicates illuminance in either foot-candles measured instantly and displayed as Yxy circular view with a clearly marked 1° or 1,.3o or lux. (CIE 1931), Yu'v' (CIE 1976), orb,. (Yxy), center spot to measure the light with no • Measuring range of .001 fed to 9,990 fed b,. (Yu 'v'), orb,. u'v'. influence from surrounding areas. enables measurements in virtually any • The user can calibrate the meter to their own • The meter instantly displays foot-lamberts (or situation. standard. Once input into memory, the user cd/m2) on the viewfinder's LED digital display. • Stores a single reading for simplified calibration value remains until changed. • The ability to read flickering sources makes compari son with other sou rces or monitoring Several meters can be unified to eliminate the Luminance Meter ideal for measuring TV of single source illumination. any variations in their spectra l response. and movie screens, cathode-ray tubes, etc. • Built-in terminals for remote operation or attachment to Minolta Data Processor DP-100.

For more information, write Minolta Corporation, Industrial Meter Division, 101 Williams Drive, Ramsey, N.J. 07446. Or, call (201) 825AOOO. ~ © 1985 Minolta Corporation. ,., ONLY FROM THE MIND OF MINOLTA MINOLTA Raytheon's airborne CRTs exceed even tough MIL-SPEC requirements.

5 to 2000 Hz on 3 axes for 9 hours. But ruggedized Raytheon C RTs pass at 20G:four times the required level. And along with high performa nce, you get high visibility, too. Raytheon's patented RA YVUE® filter produces multiple grey shades even under intense ambient light conditions. High relia bility a nd high visibility. That's why Raytheon C RTs have been selected fo r the A H-64A and the Agusta helicopter systems, as well as for ma ny other fighter a nd bomber aircraft, ATC, AFV and shipboard applications. For a n airborne C RT display, reliable operation Let Raytheon work with you o n your next tough o n board a combat helicopter is one of the toughest envi ronment display requi rement, sta rting at the tests there is. design phase. Contact Displays Marketing Ma nager, M I L-STD-81O C requires that helicopter­ Raytheon Compa ny, Industrial Components Division, mounted equipment withstand 5G vibration from 465 Centre Street, Quincy, MA 02169, (617) 479-5300. ayt June 1985 3 Merging Pilot and System ... A unique Engineering Challenge.

At over twice the speed of sound. time is critical in obtaining valuable flight data. Pilots require sophisticated display systems that gives them instant access to navigation. target acquisition. threat identification and flight systems information. Making the aircraft and its complex systems an extension of the pilot's will is the challenge you can meet in one of the following professional openings: Section Manager Directing a department of 30 engineers and support personnel. you will be responsible for the design of CRT based display systems from concept through production. Display design will include LVPS. HVPS . CRTs. Video and Deflection amps. Your functions will also encompass proposal and budget preparation. Requires a miniumum of 10 years' display design experience including 2 years at the management level. Excellent communication skills are necessary. A background in military products is helpful. Display Design Engineer Responsible for design of CRT display system involving analog and digital circuit design and analysis: specification of CRTs and HVPS; analog and digital video processing ; NO and 0/ A conversion at rates up to 100Mhz; electronic optics correction. deflection and dynamic focus amps. Requires BSEE or equivalent with 6 plus years' experience in C RT display circuit design. including elementary thermal analysis. grounding and EMI techniques. Low Voltage Power Supply Engineer Responsible for design of LVPS that are off- line. pulse wid th modulated multiple output voltage, 100-500 watts at 85% efficiency operating at frequencies up to 100 Kilohertz. Involves circuit design and analysis. magnetics design and specification, EMI and packaging. Requires 6 plus years' experience designing LVPS for custom packaging in CRT display systems and BSEE or equivalent. Familiarity with military LVPS, airborne LVPS, system grounding, detailed magnetics design and computer-aided circuit analysis is desired.

Send your resume for prompt consideration to: Professional Employment, Dept. SJM163, 2701 Orchard Park Way, San Jose, CA 95134. An Equal Opportunity/ Affirmative Action Employer. KAISER ELECTRONICS

4 Information Display iiffORiHITaU~~ JUNE 1985 .,._ , NO . O~DI J:l'!

Cover photo: Flat-panel video display exhibits high-quality full­ color image on a screen having only 4.25-in. diagonal.- 5uwa Seikosha Co. Ltd. Nagano. Japan. FEATURES

SID "Best Paper" displays flat-panel in full color 16 Combining color filters with an LCD panel driven by a TFT active-matrix. researchers at Suwa Seikosha Co. Ltd. (Nagano. Japan) succeeded in developing a 4.25-in .. flat-panel video display that has excellent full-color image quality.

Symposium papers report on technologies display 18 The professional/technical quality of papers presented at SID '85 in Orlando. FL last month is evident from this sampling of the 96 speakers. representing nine countries from North America. Europe, and Asia. Study focuses on visual display requirements 28 The visual requirements of the VDT in the worksta- tion are explored in this first of a series of articles based on a recently published report by the Interna- tional Committee on Illumination (CIE- Paris. France). Legibility of characters on the display screen is the focus of this article; environmental and user require- ments will be covered in subsequent articles. Ai~ration DEPARTMENTS of Information Processing Societ ies Events 6 Editorial 7 IN FORMATION DISPLAY (The Official Journal of the Society for Information Industry News 12 Display) is edited for corporate research and development management: and engi­ Literature 14 neers. designers. scientists and ergonomists responsible for selecting and specifying President's Message 38 components and materials used in the de­ sign and development of input and output Chapter Notes 39 display systems for various applications such as: computers and peripherals. instru­ Sustaining Members 41 ments and controls, communications. trans­ portation. navigation and guidance. Advertiser's Index 44 commercial signage. consumer electronics. Editorial covers emerging technologies and state-of-the-art developments in elec­ tronic, electromechanical. and hardcopy display devices and equipment: memory: storage media and systems: materials and accessories. Events ______

NATIONAL Center. Boston. MA. Contact: Pam Wellman. Nat ional Computer Graphics Assn. (703/698-9600) JUNE 24-26: VIDEOTEX '85, New York Hilton, New York. NY. Con­ AUGUST 18-23: SPIE's 29th Annual tact: Online Conferences Inc.. 989 Technical Symposium on Optics Avenue of the Americas. New York. and Electro-Optics. San Diego. NY 10018 (212/279-8890) CA. Contact: SP I E. PO Box 10, Plaines. IL 60018 (312/299-9311) Bellingham. WA 98227-0010 (206/676-3290) JUNE 24-26: 22nd Design Automa­ tion Conference, Las Vegas. NV. AUGUST 26- 29 : 1985 AGM Contact: Mr. Hillel Ofek. 1080 SIG METRICS Conference on Marsh Road. Menlo Park. CA Measurement and Modeling of 94025 (415/324-0700) Computer Systems, Austin. TX. Contact: Herbert D. Schwetman. JUNE 25-27: Computer Graphics MCC. 9430 Research Blvd .. Austin. '85 West. Los Angeles Convention TX 78759 (512/343-0860) Center. Los Angeles. CA. World Computer Graphics Assn. & Nation­ AUGUST 27-29: INTECH - Inte­ al Computer Graphics Assn. Con­ grated Information Technology, tact: Pam We llman (703/ Moscone Center. San Francisco. CA. 689-9600) Contact: Sam Smith. National Trade Productions (703/683-8500) JULY 10-12: World Computer Graphics'85, New York. NY. Con­ SEPTEMBER 3-6: Office Automa­ tact: World Computer Graphics As­ t ion Third Annual Conference sociation. 2033 M Street NW, Suite and Workshop, Radisson South 399. Washington. DC 20036 Hotel, Bloomington. MN. Contact: (2021775-9556): Or- National Jackie Potts. Office Automation So­ Computer Graphics Association. ciety International. 2108 C Gallows 2722 Merrilee Drive. Suite ZOO. Rd . . V i enna . VA 22 18 0 Fairfax. VA 22031 (704/698- (7031790-0490) 9600) SEPTEMBER 10-12: Third Annual JULY 15-18: National Computer AVIOS Conference, San Francisco. Conference, Chicago. IL. Sponsors: CA. Contact: American Voice 1/0 So­ AFIPS and ACM. IEEE-CS. DPMA. ciety (AVIOS) . PO Box 60940. Palo SCS. Contact: AFIPS. 1899 Preston Alto, CA 94306 (408/742-2539) White Drive. Reston. VA 22091 (703/620-8900) SEPTEMBER 10-12: Seventh An­ nual Electrical Overstress/Elec­ JULY 22-26: SCS'85- Summer trostatic Discharge Symposium, Computer Simulation Confer­ Minneapolis. MN. Sponsors: ITT Re­ ence and Exhibits, Chicago, IL. search Institute and the EOS/ES D Sponsors: The Society for Comput­ Assn. Contact: Les Avery, RCA David er Simulation and I EEE-CS. Contact: Sarnoff Research Center. Route 1. Charles A. Pratt. SCS. PO Box 2228. Princeton. NJ 0 8540 (609/ La Jolla, CA 92038-2228 (619/ 734-3009) 459-3888) SEPTEMBER 16-18: International JULY 22-26: ACM SIGGRAPH'BS-­ Industrial Controls Conference Twelfth Anriual Conference on and Expo (IIC '85), Long Beach Computer Graphics and Interac­ Convention Center. Long Beach. CA. tive Techni.ques, San Francisco, Contact: Ed Troogstad. Tower Con­ CA. Sponsors: ACM SIGGRAPH ference Mgt. Co. (312/668-8100) (Computer Graphics) and Euro­ graphics. Contact: ACM Conference SEPTEMBER 18-20: FOC/LAN '85 Management Dept.. 11 West 42nd (Local Networks and Fiber Op­ St reet. New York. NY 10036 tics), Brooks Hall. San Francisco. (212/869-7440 x230) CA. Contact: Michael O'Bryant. In­ formation Gatekeepers Inc. (617I JULY 29-August 2: World Confer­ 232-311 1) ence on Computers in Educa­ tion, Norfolk, VA. Sponsors: IFI P SEPTEMBER 19: Fiber Optics: TC3 and AFIPS. Contact: Gerald Technology and Applications Engel, Dept of Computer Science. (Videoconference Seminar). Christopher Newport College, Contact: IEEE Continuing Education Newport News. VA 23606. Dept.. IEEE Service Center. 445 Hoes Lane. Piscataway, NJ 08854 AUGUST 6-8: 1985 Western Plant (201/981 -0060, ext. 329) Engineering, Material Handling & Packaging Show, Anaheim Con­ SEPTEMBER 23-25: SPACE TECH vention Center. Anaheim, CA. Con­ 85 Conference and Exposition, tact: Marvin Park & Assoc., 600 Anaeim, CA. Sponsors: Aerospace Talcott Rd .• Park Ridge. IL 60060 and Electronic Systems Soc. of (312/823-10 10) IEEE. American Soc. of Mechanical Engineers. American Soc. for Met­ AUGUST 13-15: Computer Graph­ als. American Soc. of Quality Con­ Ics '85 - East, Bayside Convention trol. Computer and Automated 6 Information Display ______Ed itorial

EDITORIAL STAFF

Joseph A. MacDonald Editorial Director

William W. Jacobus. Jr. Associate Editor Lee Harrison "What is the price of experience? Associate Editor .. .it is bought with the price Ted Lucas Editorial Consultant of all that a man hath ..." -William Blake Katherine S. Moorehead Art Editor

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD fter shepherding your Society Journal through six issues so far this Dr. lfay F. Chang year. and participating in your Annual Symposium last month. we al­ Chairman A most feel as though we too are experts on the subject of Information Display. Disp. Tech. Mgr. Thomas J. Watson Let me quickly assure you, though, nothing could be further from the truth. Research Center, IBM The fact is that our strengths lie in reporting. editing, and publishing informa­ Dr. Frederick J. Kahn tion: yours. in the generation of information on what's happening in research Vice President and development of display systems and technologies. Greyhawk Systems Inc. For some unfathomable reason (at least it seems so to me). less than 0.2% of Koh-lchi Miyaji SID's active membership, to date. has shown any interest in submitting articles Professor (or even leads to articles or potential authors)- leaving us in somewhat of a vac­ Shibaura Institute of Technology uum as to what you want and need to read each month. Our initial. and oft repeated. invitation to I D readers still stands. We'll put your Jan Rajchman Consultant name in print. ifyou tell us what you are doing-from papers presented at other association meetings relating to information display. articles that have appeared Aron Vecht Director in limited-circulation in-house publications. and speeches delivered at seminars Phosphor Products Co. and workshops ... anything pertaining to display technology and applications that has not yet seen exposure beyond the handful of participants or limited readership that first encountered your words. Of course. while we're waiting for you to take us up on this challenge of a life­ time, we've gone ahead and done some planning of our own. For the remai ning six issues of ID . we've selected some important topics that deserve addressing: • July - Automotive Displays • August - Medical Imaging & Instrumentation • September - Human-Machine Interface INFORMATION DISPLAY (ISSN0362-0072) is put>­ • October - Artificial Intelligence lished monthly by MetaData Inc.. 310 East 44 Street. New York. NY 10011. Telephone: 2121687·3836 • November - Military Display Systems SUbscription: US & canada • $36 one year. $64 two • December - Today's Technology- Tomorrow's Systems (annual forecast of years. $90 three years: Elsewhere- $72ooeyear. $128 two years. S180 three years. Single copy: us & canada­ spinoffs from current R&D) $3.00: Elsewhere • $6.00. Additionally. beginning next month. we'll bri ng you special sections on such Permission IS granted by the copyright owner for items as listings of patents recently issued for display systems and technologies: libraries and others regostered with the Copyright Clear­ ance Center {CCC) to photocopy any article herein for introduction of the-product-of-the-month: profiles of new sustaining members the flat fee of $2.00 per copy of each article. This per­ mission to phOIOCO!JY does not extend to any special re­ as well as prominent researchers and developers in the field of information ports or hsts published In this magazine. Payment should be sent directly to the Copyright Clearance Cen· display: and much, much more. ter. 21 Congress Street. Salem. MA 01970. Can we count on you for your continued support, input. and response-both Copying done for other than personal or internal ref­ erence uS&-such as copying for general distribution. reader and advertiser- to make it happen? for advertising or promotional purposes. for creating new COllective works. or for resale-without the writ· ten permission of The Society for Information Display is prohibited. Requests for special permission or bulk or­ ders should be addressed to The Society for Information DisPlay. 8055 West Manchester Avenue. SUite 615. Pla­ ya Del Rey. CA 90293. Serial-free code: 0362·0972185 Joseph A. MacDonald $2.00 + $0.00. Editorial Director

Copyright 0 1985 by The Society for Information Display.

June 1985 7 Events ______

Systems Assn. of SME. IEEE Com­ SEPTEMBER 3-6: Znd Internation­ puter Soc .. Industrial Electronics al Congress on " Logica, Infor­ Soc. of IEEE, Robotics International matica, Diritto," Florence. Italy. of SME. Contact: Soc. of Manufac­ Sponsor: Institute per Ia Documen­ turing Engineers. One SME Dr .. PO tazione Giuridic. Contact: ENIC. Via Box 930, Dearborn. Ml 48121 S Caterina D'Aiessandria. 12. (313/271-1500) 50129 Florence. Italy.

SEPTEMBER Z9-0ctober 3: The SEPTEMBER 10-1Z: COMPINT 85- Human Factors Society Z9th An­ Computer-Aided Technology. nual Meeting, Baltimore. MD . Montreal. Quebec. Canada. Spon­ Contact: Ann Amrhein. Waverly sors: IEEE Computer Soc. and IEEE Press Inc .. 428 E Preston St.. Montreal Section in cooperation Baltimore. MD 21202. with ACM SIGDA (Design and Auto­ mation) and ACM SIGART (Artificial Intelligence). Contact: Stephen G. Leahey. PO Box 577. Desjardins Postal Station. Montreal. PQ HSB INTERNATIONAL 1B7. Canada.

SEPTEMBER 10-13: 9th Data JUNE Z4-26: The Internat ional Communications Symposium, Electronic Print er, Industry Con­ Whistler Mountain. British Colum­ ference. Brussels. Belgium. Contact: bia. Canada. Sponsors: ACM C.A. Pesko Assoc. Inc.. Marshfield. SJGCOMM (Data Communications). MA (617/837-1341) IEEE Computer Soc .. IEEE Commu­ nications Soc. Contact: W.P. JULY Z9-August 10: Electronic Lidinsky. Room 6B 309. AT&T Bell Displays '85 - International In­ Laboratories. Naperville Wheaton dustrial Study M ission to Japan. Rd .. Naperville. IL 60566 Sponsor: Technology Transfer In­ (312/979-6246) stitute - New York; Dr. George W. Taylor. Editor. Electronic Display SEPTEMBER 11 -13: EURO­ World. study mission leader. Con­ GRAPHICS '85: Nice. France. tact: Hideaki Hashizume. GM. Tech­ Sponsor: JNRIA. The French Gov­ nology Transfer Institute. One Penn ernmental f'!esearch Institute. Plaza. Suite 1411. 250 W 34th Contact: Jnstitut National de Re­ Street. New York. NY 10119 cherche en I nformatique et en (212/947-2648) Automatique. Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt- BP 105- 78153 AUGUST 12-14: Int ernat ional Sym­ Le Chesnay Cedex France. posium on New Directions in Computing. Trondheim. Norway. SEPTEMBER ZO-Z1 : Kitayakyushu Sponsor: IEEE Computer Soc. Con­ International Conference on Au­ tact: Arnold Meltzer. Dept. of EE tomation and Robotics. Kitaya­ and CS. George Washington Univer­ kyushu. Japan. Contact: K. Noro. sity, Washington. DC 20052 Professor and Head. Human Fac­ (202/676-6729) tors Engineering. School of Medi­ cine. University of Occupational and AUGUST 2S-Z8: Second Inter­ Envir onmental Health. 1-1 national Symposium on the Sta­ Jsei gaoka Yahata Nishi Ku. bility and Preservation of Kitayakyushu 807. Japan. Photographic Images, Delta Otta­ wa Hotel, Ottawa. Canada. Contact: SEPTEMBER Z4-Z6: The Artificial Klaus B. Hendricks. Gen. Chairman. Intelligence and Fifth Genera­ Society of Photographic Scientists tion Computer Technology Con­ and Engineers. 7003 Kilwort h ference and Exhibition (All Lane. Springfield. VA 22151 (703/ Europa), Wiesbaden. West 642-9090) Germany. Sponsor: TCM Exposi­ tions Ltd. Contact: Jim Hay. Tower SEPTEMBER 2-S: The Third Con­ Conference Mgt. Co. 331 W Wesley ference on Human Choice and St .. Wheaton. JL 60187 Computers, Stockholm. Sweden. (312/668-81 00) Co-sponsors: Swedish Society for Information Processing. Central Or­ ganization of Salaried Employees in Complete Guns, Stems, Cathodes, Sweden. and the Swedish Employ­ ers' Confederation. Contact: Secre­ Other Components tariat. HCC 3. % RESO Congress COMING IN Service. S- 1OS 24 Stockholm. Sweden. OCTOBER SEPTEMBER 2-6: Ninth Congress of the International Ergonomics Assn.. Bournemouth, England. Contact: Congress Secretariat. n:ac: Ninth Congress of the International Ergonomics Assn.. Mean House. Petersfield. Hampshire. GU32 3JN. England.

8 Information Display \ /_ '!~>to: Peter B. Kaplan Hyou still believe in me, save me. For nearly a hundred years, the Statue of Liberty All of the money must come from private dona­ has been America's most powerful symbol of freedom tions; the federal government is not raising the funds. and hope. Today the corrosive action of almost a This is consistent with the Statue's origins. The French KEEP century of weather and salt air has eaten away at the people paid for its creation themselves. And America's iron framework; etched holes in the copper exterior. businesses spearheaded the public contributions that THE On Ellis Island, where the ancestors of nearly were needed for its construction and for the pedestal. half of all Americans first stepped onto American soil, The torch of liberty is everyones to cherish. TORCH the Immigration Center is now a hollow ruin. Could we hold up our heads as Americans if we allow­ Inspiring plans have been developed to restore ed the time to come when she can no longer LIT the Statue and to create on Ellis Island a permanent hold up hers? museum celebrating the ethnic diversity of this coun­ Opportunities for Your Company. try of immigrants. But unless restoration is begun ?'FICIAL You are invited to learn more about the advantages now, these two landmarks in our nation's heritage of corporate sponsorship during the nationwide pro­ could be closed at the very time America is celebrat­ motions surrounding the restoration project. Write ing their hundredth anniversaries. The 230 million on your letterhead to: The Statue of Liberty-Ellis dollars needed to carry out the work is needed now. Island Foundation, Inc., lOl ParkAve, N.Y., N.Y.l0178.

Save these monW11enls. Send your person.li tax deductible donation to: P 0. Box 1986. New York. N.Y. 10018. The Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation, Industry News ______

PEOPLE chief executive officer. Klein was appointment of Robert A. Carlson ment (Italy). pricing. and OEM formerly president and chief exec­ as president of the newly struc­ agreements. Cascade is a vendor Hollis Automation Inc. (Nashau. utive officer of Braegen Corp. tured Military Products Div. of low-cost. turnkey CAD systems. NH) announced the appointment (Milpitas. CA) and president of Carlson. formerly vice president of H. Terrence O'Rourke as presi­ Memorex Corp.'s Communica­ of corporate development at AMF Logic Sciences Inc. dent of the company. O'Rourke tions Group (Santa Clara. CA). The Simmonds Precision Products (Houston. TX) announced the ap­ has invented and developed a company manufactures a line of (Tarrytown. NY). and recently pointment of Michael Teague as number of the technological ad­ 16/32-bit super microcomputers. chief executive officer of Millicom. president. Spearheading the com­ vances incorporated into the com­ Inc. (New York). will also serve as pany's expansion plans. Teague pany's systems. such as the The American Ceramic Society corporate vice president for North came to AMF Logic Sciences from debridging airknife used in the (Columbus. OH) installed Dr. Atlantic, a computer products Houston Instruments. where he Hollis Model GBS wavesoldering Edwin Ruh as its president. and company. The new division will in­ was Di rector of Marketing and and debridging system. announced the appointment of W. tegrate the engineering, manufac­ Sales. AMF currently enjoys a Paul Holbrook as executive direct­ turing. marketing. and sales 90% share of t he seismic graphics TEXET Semiconductors (Allen. or of the society. Dr. Ruh is visit­ functions associated with the market. TX) announced the appointment ing research professor at the company's military and instru­ of Jeffrey A. Hendy as president Center for Ceramic Research at ment products. Quadratron Systems Inc. and chief executive officer. The the Dept. of Ceramics. Rutgers (Encino, CA) has named John J. company manufactures a variety University. Piscataway. NJ. Cascade Graphics Develop­ Theiss president and chief execu­ of power control semiconductors. Holbrook brings to the ACerS 26 ment (Santa Ana. CA) announced tive officer. succeeding Karl including MOSFETs. bipolars. years experience in the ceramics that its president and chief Klessig. who continues as chair­ voltage regulators. and rectifiers industry. serving most recently as operating officer. Stephen T. Ball. man of the board. Theiss was re­ at its Texas headquarters and at a works manager for the Kaiser has assumed responsibility for cently president of Ca rdkey similar facility in eastern France. Aluminum and Chemical Corp.'s Cascade's international opera­ Systems. (Chatsworth. CA). a Aluminum Div. in Gramercy. LA. tions. Ball will integrate the com­ computer-based securities man­ Plexus Computer Inc. (San Jose. pany's US and European activities. agement systems company and a CA) announced the apointment of North Atlantic Industries Inc. coordinate sales and marketing. division of Fairchild Industries. Pa~l L. Klein. Jr. as president and (Hauppauge. NY) announced the technology. research and develop- Quadratron software currently is

OPERATIONS & HUMAN FACTORS

HUGHES GROUND SYSTEMS GROUP display and man-machine interface tech­ in Southern·california is expanding our nology to ensure quality products. An ap­ systems design activities in challenging propriate technical degree is required. new Air Defense, Air Traffic Control, Command and Control, and Information For quick action, reach for your phone Systems. ... call Charles T. Petrie, Member of the Staff, Systems Laboratories collect (714) All levels of Operations and Human 732-1468 between 9AM & 4PM Monday Factors Specialists will be considered for through Friday. Or send your resume or design and development of hardware and some information about your background software systems in support of advanced and interest. Hughes Aircraft Company, Hughes Ground Systems Group, Dept. Dl-6, P.O. Box 4275, Fullerton, CA, 92634. Proof of U.S. Citizenship Required. Equal Opportunity Employer.

HUGHES :. •• I · A' T ( l)MPAF\jY GROUND SYSTEMS

12 Information Display Industry News

part of office information man­ Ca iComp Group of Sanders electro-optical equipment. includ­ support to Mutoh and its custom­ agement systems offered by lead­ Associates. ing its observer thermal imaging ers. lntegraph is a manufacturer ing computer manufacturers. system (OTIS). its hand-held of interactive computer graphics Language Processors Inc . thermal imager (HHTI). and the systems. (Waltham. MA) has received a initial phases of development of a ORGANIZATIONS $16-million contract to supply its short-range, air defense alerting integrated family of high-level advice (ADAD). Eastman Kodak Co. (Rochester. compilers on AT& T's UNIX PC sys­ NY) has announced the merger of tem. LPI's family of compilers is a Philips Telecommunicatie Fl F'11i Eikonix Corp. (Bedford. MA) as a super-microcomputer program­ lndustrie B.V. (The Netherlands) wholly-owned subsidiary unit in ming language that provides fea­ and Kyocera (Japan) have formed ANNUAL Kodak's Commercial and Infor­ tures (normally found only in a joint venture Japanese company mation Systems Div. Chief among compilers offered with much called Kyocera and Philips Data INTERNATIONAL Eikonix products is the Design­ larger computers) such as Communication Network Corp. master 8000 digital graphic arts Poluglot Programming, which en­ (Tokyo) to market initially the DISPLAY system. and electronic prepress ables a software developer to use Philips Wide Area Network sysfem for producing color sepa­ more than one language in a single SOPHO-NET to Japanese custom­ RESEARCH rations for the printing and program. ers. Kyocera is a "High-Tech" graphic arts industry. company specializing in ceramic CONFERENCE THORN-EMI Electronics Ltd. applications in electronics and au­ Sanders Associates (Nashua. (Middlesex. England) has estab­ tomotive industries. with a signifi­ HYATT ISLANDIA NH) has agreed in principle to pur­ lished an Electro Optics Division to cant interest in office automation. chase the AEC (Architectural, En­ address the electro-optic activities SAN DIEGO, CA gineering. and Construction) previously carried out within its lntergraph Corp. (Huntsville. division of Personal CAD Systems Defense Systems Div. During the AL) has formed a wholly-owned OCTOBER 15-17 Inc .. a manufacturer of computer­ last 18 months. the company has subsidiary in Japan with its local aided design (CAD) software. The received several major contracts distributor. Mutoh Industries Ltd., division will become part of the for the development and supply of to provide an increased level of

You can be sure. .. lf It'S Westinghouse @

1 June 1985 13 Literature~------

Power Protection tipliers. image intensifiers. and New Boston Street. Woburn. MA INDUSTRIAL DEVICES INC., A 46-page. illustrated catalog de­ accessories. 01801 (617/935-4442) Edgewater. NJ 07020 (201 / tails power protection products ITT ELECTRO-OPTICAL PROD­ 224-4700) including power conditioners. UCTS OIV., PO Box 3700, Fort Indicator Lights power line monitors. uninter­ Wayne. IN 46801 (219/ A 48-page. catalog and technical Computer Products ruptable power systems (UPS) . 423-4341) user's guide covers a broad selec­ An 88-page catalog provides se­ standby power sources (SPS). and tion of LED. neon, and incandes­ lection of peripheral switching power supplies. Product informa­ Miniature Halogen Lamps cent lamp indicators. An expanded and data communications prod­ tion is augmented with perform­ This 20-page catalog lists prod­ section on a wide variety of LED ucts for users of ADDS. Bur­ ance charts, diagrams. and ucts reflecting recent develop­ indicators for both panel and on­ roughs, Data General. Data mechanical specifications detailing ments in miniature halogen lamps board mounting is included along Pathing, DEC. Hewlett-Packard, the basic operating characteristics and halogen lamp holders. Each with units with Extra-Super-Brite Honeywell. IBM, NCR. Prime. Tl, of the equipment The catalog ex­ halogen lamp is specified in detail LEOs. Another major section in Wang and many other types of plains power disturbances and for mechanical dimensions. volt­ the catalog covers relampable computer hardware. contrasts various power protec­ age, current. color temperature. Tiny-Mite and Mini-Slide sockets DIGITAL CONTROLS CORP. 2779 tion alternatives for preventing radiation output. spectral distri­ and pilot-light assemblies. The Orchard Run Rd.. Dayton. OH those disturbances from affecting bution and life-in-hours. The cata­ former indicator is designed 45449 (513/435-5455) equipment. A two-page glossary log includes standard bi-pin around the subminiature wedge­ of power condit ioning and power mount lamps and dichroic reflec­ shaped incandescent lamp. while RF Testing supply terms is included. tor lamps as well as details on the the latter uses miniature slide­ This 12-page booklet presents a SOLA. Unit of General Signal. regenerative halogen cycle princi­ base incandescent lamps. Included line of RF testing accessories in­ 1717 Busse Road, Elk Grove Vil­ ple. A section on special lamp hold­ are recommendations on how, cluding broadband antennas, TEM lage. IL 60007 (312/439-2800) ers. designed and manufactured when. and where to select the best cells, field-sensor systems, level­ to resist high temperature condi­ type of indicator for any design. ing preamplifiers. fiber-optic Photosensitive Devices tions created by halogen lamps. Full-size photographs, dimension telemetry· systems, directional Revised 21 -page catalog includes specifies material. terminations. drawings. mounting information. couplers, power combiner/di­ specifications and reference data physical size and contact types and technical specifications and viders, matching t ransformers. on intensified solid-state-array that the holder will accommodate. ratings are given for all the indica­ computer interface modules, and cameras. photodiodes. photomul- GILWAY TECHNICAL LAMP, 165 tor lights shown. system assembly kits. The bulle-

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14 Information Display ______Literature

tin, containing current informa­ Printed Circuit Boards jector. which uses a liquid crystal LISP Dialect tion on these products and CTS Circuits is the title of a six­ light valve as its key element for The .12-page. full-color brochure obsoleting previous literature on page. four-color brochure that transferring information from a entitled Productivity Plus ... em­ some. provides features. advan­ describes the advanced capabili­ low-intensity cathode-ray tube to phasizes the numerous enhance­ tages. illustrations, performance ties and technical expertise of CTS a high-brightness xenon arc lamp. ments and extensions of basic specifications. and dimensions of Printex for processi ng high­ Also discussed are a wide variety LISP functionality provided by the the equipment. density double-sided or multi­ of applications for the unit. such ZETALISP-PLUS environment and AMPLIFIER RESEARCH, 160 layered circuit boards. whether as displaying computer-generat­ the LMI Lambda LISP machines School House Rd. Souderton. PA for commercial or m ilitary ed graphic and alphanumeric in­ that support it ZETALISP-PLUS 18964-9990 (215n23-8181) applications. formation on a large screen for offers a foundation of nearly CTS CORP .. Elkhart. IN 45514 viewing by large audiences. Spec­ 10,000 compiled functions and Open-Frame Switchers (219/293-7511 ) ifications are included. over 30,000 symbols. It is the Product descriptions. electrical/ HUGHES INDUSTRIAL PROD­ f irst LISP machine implemen­ mechanical specifications. and Power Supply UCTS DIV., Projector Marketing, tation to offer CommonLISP, price information are included in a A 28-page, short-form power 6155 El Camino Real, Carlsbad. the new industry-standard LISP 12-page brochure covering 49 supply catalog provides electrical/ CA 92008 (619/438-9191) dialect. There is no operating sys­ open-frame switching power sup­ mechanical specifications. fea­ tem as such w ithin the LM I plies. System outputs range f rom tures. and ordering information Electrostatic Discharge ZETALISP-PLUS environment­ 40 to 150 watts. Switchers have on lines of AC / DC linear and This 12-page catalog of anti static the entire operating environment from one t o five out puts and are switching power supplies and products features descriptions is either written in LISP or in designed for application in indus­ DC/ DC converters. and pictures of such items as wrist microcode. All of the system trial systems and instruments. COMPUTER PRODUCTS, Power straps. grounding devices and functionality is directly accessible small business syst ems. data pro­ Conversion. 2981 Gateway Dr .• monitors. packaging. instrumen­ to programmers. cessing equipment. and office Pompano Beach, FL 33069 tation. table mats, flooring, and LISP Machine Inc.. 6033 W Cen­ products. (305/974-5500) protective shielding devices; as tury Blvd. Los Angeles. CA 90045 COMPUTER PRODUCTS INC. well as custom options for tote (213/642-1116) Compower Div., 2220 Lundy Ave .. Graphics Projector boxes and trays. San Jose. CA 95131 (408/ Full-color. six-page brochure de­ WESTEK. 400 Rolyn Place. Arca­ 942-1600) scribes Model 700 graphics pro- dia. CA 91005 (818/446-4444)

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June 1985 15 SID '85 ______

scanning lines. driving it in the same way as the original NTSC signal necessi­ tated using a frequency of 1/15 sec. which causes a visible flicker. SID "Best Paper" To overcome this annoyance. the re­ searchers developed a new driving method for the 480 scanning lines. In their system, pairs of scanning lines in displays full-color an odd field consist of the 1st and 2nd. 3rd and 4th ... 479th and 480th sca nning lines: while in the even field LC video panel pairs consist of the 2nd and 3rd. 4th and 5th . .. 478th and 479th scanning lines. The same video data is applied se­ quentially to each scanning line of the pair through a common data line. n their award-winning paper- I 4.25-in. and 1.51-in. 8/W and Full-Color LC Video Displays Addressed by Poly-Si TFTs- Suwa Seikosha re­ searchers describe a breakthrough in flat~panel design that permits them to develop miniature. full-color video displays having excellent image quality The researchers. headed by Shinji Morozumi. approached the design working with a liquid crystal panel driv­ en by an active-matrix method of MOS transistors and TFTs. By combining col­ or filters and the LCD panel as a light va lve, and utilizing the TFT arrays. the researchers were able to easily obtain a full-color display. One of the major problems research­ ers had to solve was elimination of flicker that resulted from scanning the small panel at.rates slower than could be the case with conventional-sized displays. In an NTSC system. one frame of 1/3 0 sec consists of interlacing two fields. Each has 525/2 scanning lines ev­ ery 1/60 sec. With LCDs. driving must be done by alternating positive and neg­ "Best Paper·· Team: Researcher!i cited for their oustanding technical paper presented ative video signals. And. because the LC last year at SID "84, include: left to right. seated-Toshiyuki Misawa. Kouichi Dguchi. panel under development had 480 Shinji Morozumi: standing-Ryosuki Araki and Hiroyuki Oshima.

Panel construction color in mosaic patterns to ensure high for high display contrast and low power color resolution. The color filter and the consumption of the drivers: high ON The LC panel consists of five parts: LCD panel are combined as a light valve. current is essential for high-speed oper­ two polarizers. an upper glass substrate to control the transparency of back­ ation of the drivers. with a color filter layer and a common lighting and achieve full-color display. Typical charactristics of the dual-gate electrode, a lower glass substrate with Researchers used

were unable to record any change in its characteristics over a six-month or more period . at 60F and 90% humidity.

Color filter layer

Panel specifications Common electrode 4.25-in. panel- TFT arrays in this pan­ el consist of 480 pixels on an ordinary glass substrate. with a line pitch of 180 1-Lm for the X-direction; 135 1-Lm for the Y- direction. The display size is 86.4 mm x 64.8 mm: its diagonal is exactly 4.25 in. Researchers investigated both stripe and diagonal mosaic filters for the flat I Pixel electrode panel display. The latter type. showing tttttt superior color resolution. were used. Back light They were imbedded inside the panel's electrode. Eight LSI chips. each of which has 120 output pins. drive the panel. but are not included on the same substrate--to avoid degradation of the yield. 4.25" diag. 1.51" d i'ag.

1.5 1-in. panel- This smaller LC panel. TFT Poly Si TFT Poly Si TFT suitable for such applications as TV watches and Video Camera viewfinders. Display area 86.4mm x 64.8mm 30.6mm x 23.1 mm has a 180 x 210 matrix. with a line pitch of 170 1-Lm for the X-direction; 11 0 1-Lm Diagonal size 108.0mm 38.34mm for theY-direction. Display area is 30.6 mm x 23.1 mm. with a 1.51 -in. diago­ Number of pixels 480 X 480 180 X 210 nal. In this smaller LC panel. all X- and Y-driver circuits and TFT pixel arrays Pixel size 180 1-Lm x 1351-Lm 170 1-Lm x 1101-Lm are integrated on the same substrate to reduce costs and to make the system ex­ Liquid crystal TN TN tremely compact. Each of the panel's upper and lower Display type B/W & full-color B/W & full-color X-drivers has 180-bit shift registers and sample holders; and each of tne left Gray scale over15 over15 and right Y-driv ers has 21 O-bit shift registers. X-drivers occupy an area only Drivers 8 LSI chips Integrated 2 1.5 x 23.1 mm ; while Y-drivers occupy on the substrate 2 1.2 x 30.6 mm • Outputs of the upper and lower sample holders are common­ Driving voltage ± 4.0V (Data line) ly connected to each other thr9ugh data lines; with the left and right shift regis­ 16V(Gate line) ters commonly connected to each other through gate lines. Researchers investigated shift regis­ Specifications and performances ters of both complimentary (Pch and Nch) static type and (Nch-MOS) dynam­ ic type with boot-strap. They found the maximum operating frequency in both proved easier to fabricate. using simpler (This article was based on the paper prepared by types to be more than 2MHz at 16v. processes and circuits. On the other Shinji Morozumi, Kouichi Oguchi. Toshiyuki Misawa. Ryosuke Araki, Hiroyuki Ohshima. Suwa with power consumption almost the hand. CMOS drivers showed a wider Seikosha Co. Ltd. . Nagano. Japan-5/D '84 DI­ same. The Nch-MOS driver. however range of operating frequency. GEST. p. 316.) June 1985 17 SID '85: ______REVIEW OF TECHNICAL PAPERS SID '85 Symposium

ID '85. the Society's Annual Sym­ posium. Seminar and Exhibition. Sheld ,in Orlando. FL. last month. fulfilled all expectations as to professional and technical quality of papers presented. number of reg­ istered participants. and number of display exhibitors-even to setting new records of 988 attendees and 62 exhibitors. Presentation of papers got underway Tuesday morning (April 30) following the Society's Annual Business Meeting. presided over by Dr.lfay F. Chang. President. Bernard J. Lechner. RCA Laboratories (Princeton. NJ). delivered the keynote address-High Definition TV-in which he discussed the re­ quirements for HDTV with respect to cur­ rent state-of-the-art TV technologies. Providing an overview of present TV sys­ tems and their resolution limitations as background. Lec~ner outlined requirements In his paper. Peters provided a brief for HDTV. resulting from the trend towards rundown of visual devices used in flight sim­ larger screen sizes-along with other ad­ ulators from early screen projection sys­ vances in TV technology. He examined in de­ tems. through large optical simulation tail four proposals for improvements in TV facilities. to current extremely complex systems. Comparing parameters of the two wide-angle collimated display devices for true HDTV systems proposals with NTSC multi-user applications. Expanding on to­ and PAL systems pointed up the signficant day's research efforts into new frontiers for increases in studio bandwidths required for simulator displays. Peters discussed several HDTV. different approaches now under develop­ "Although current technology can achieve ment by government research groups­ the necessary increase." said Lechner. including a recently demonstrated eye­ "HDTV probably will not be used before the controlled image direction system that is end of the decade; and then. only for TV and being studied by the Link group. He con­ movie production. Delivering it to the home cluded with projections for tomorrow's will have to wait until fiber optic networks needs and expectations for the development are in place." of a full 3-D simulation system produced by Two invited papers rounded out the first computer-controlled holography. morning's general session: In the final paper of the morning. Dr. Ohkoshi discussed the development of an • Visual Simulation: The Unsolved Prob­ DR. Aklo Ohkoshl, Sony Corp. lem. David L. Peters. The Singer Co. ultra-farge-screen color display-the 40m x 1985. p. 20) He provided detaiis on the (Binghamton. NY) 25m Jumbotron- that is a key attraction at 6.300 high-voltage VFDs. each comprised of • Ultra-Large-Screen Color Display. Akio EXPO '85. at Tsukuba Science Center. some Ohkoshi. Sony Corp. (Tokyo. Japan) 30 miles northeast of Tokyo. (See I D. May 24 tri-color light-emitting diodes (Trini

18 Information Display Lites) that are at the core of the system. as well as on the system's drive circuitry that makes up the huge TV screen. Within the 17 sessions that took place during the Symposium's three-day run. some 96 speakers from the US. Japan. France. England. The Netherlands. Switzer­ land. Germany. China. and Canada presented technical papers covering five broad categories: • Display Systems & Technologies (CRT and Flat Panel) • Printing Technologies • Human Factors • Projection Displays • Large-Screen Components/Materials

The traditional special author interviews. following each day's sessions. were enthusi­ astically attended by large nu mbers of Sym­ posi um participants eagerly seeking one-on-one conversation with participating authors as well as hands-on working dem­ onstrations of prototype products and re­ search models described in the days' papers. Not everything was relegated to daytime. however. On Tuesday evening. four concur­ rent panel discussions were well attended by participants anxious to engage in an in­ formal exchange of information on such • Competitive Workstation Printing sessions related to Display Systems and topics as: Technologies Technology. Then. in the July issue. we'll • Active Matrix vs Multiplexed­ • Human Factors Issues in Input Devices cover some highlights of the remaining 45 Addressed Flat Panels In this month's issue of ID. we review papers presented in the sessions on Printing • Color Flat Panel Display Prospects some of the 52 papers delivered in the nine Technologies and Human Factors.

One of the highlights of the auspicious gathering in Orlando was the Annual Lunch­ eon. at which the society presents its annual award for the best paper delivered at the preceding year's symposium (see p.16). The winning paper-4.25-in. and 1.51-in. 8/W and Full-Color LC Video Displays Addressed by Poly-Si TFTs-prepared by a team of re­ searchers from Suwa Seikosha Co. Ltd. (Nagano. Japan) was judged outstanding by last year's attendees (see ID April. 1985. p.13) from among 93 papers presented at SID '84. In making the award to Shinji Morosumi (representing the team). Awards Chairman Peter D.T. Ngo cited the paper for its significance and completeness of techni­ cal results. clarity of presentation; and quali­ ty of visual aids. A highly informative and visually exciting luncheon address on Graphics for the Enter­ tainment Industry concluded the session. In his presentation. Bill Kovacs. Co-founder and Vice President. Wavefront Technologies (Santa Barbara. CA) provided slide and video supplements that traced the progress made Outstanding Contribution: Peter D. T. Ngo, Awards Chairman. presents the SID Best Paper Award to Shinji Morozumi. accepting on behalf of his co-researchers from Suwa over the past 10 years in the development Seikosha Co. Ltd .. Suwa City. Nagano, Japan. The team presented the winning paper and use of computer graphics for movies. TV "4.25-in. and 1.51-in. BIW and Full-Color LC Video Displays Addressed by Po/y-Si TFTs" and home computer screen. at last year's SID '84 Symposium. in San Francisco, CA.

June 1985 19 SJD'85: ------REVIEW OF TECHNICAL PAPERS Flat-Panel Displays

through this period. reaching a five-year A new kind of Liquid Crystal Display was • Liquid Crystal Devices- Com­ described by W.A. Crossland. Standard Com­ menting on the papers delivered in the ses­ high at SID 85. Three of the five papers presented rein­ munications Laboratories (Essex. England) sion he chaired. Allan R. Kmetz. AT&T Bell in the paper An Electrically Addressed Laboratories (Murray Hill. NJ) cited a steady force the fact that the diversity in electro­ optic effects ;md classes of liquid crystal Smedic Storage Device. co-authored with S. decline in the number of active-substrate pa Canter. ITT Courier (Tempe. AZ). The pers presented- from a peak two years ago materials can yield new display concepts having inherently better performance­ display is based on dynamic scattering and to this year's presentations. the lowest since dielectric reorientation in smectic A liquid 1981 - while the number of ordinary LCD without resort to the considerably added crystals. These electro-optic effects are ca­ papers remained at a consistently high level cost of an active substrate. pable of achieving excellent viewing charac­ teristics. and any number of pixel rows can be addressed with no degradation of the op­ tical performance. This type of device is aimed at realizing a In their paper. 24 x 80 Character LCD first-generation of simple. electrically ad­ Panel Using the Super -twisted Birefringence dressed liquid crystal storage displays that Effect. a team from Brown Boveri Research avoid the limitations of f ast scan multi­ Center (Baden/Oattwil. Switzerland) re­ Hlgh-prellt plexing. The display described is believed by ported on a new display that can be orientation the authors to be the first liquid crystal flat retrofitted into present TN display modules. 4!ia!i.~l!ii.ti~~~·¢::i layer panel display capable of competing directly offering a dramatic improvement in image l.wlli#--l!#lm!!!!'!i#a!lll!!l~"' Glass plate with standard monochrome CRT visual quality. The display described by T. J. "' Reflector displays in terms of screen size and resolu­ Scheffer and others used Berreman's tion. It has major advantages over CRTs in bistable LCD. rigorously optimizing cell pa­ The authors pointed out that the SSE terms of image quality. flat panel format. rameters and polarizer angles for multi­ display is not suitable for applications that and on-screen memory capability. plexed operation. The SBE display has 270 x require gray scale. full color capability. and 540 lines in a double matrix design and a response time fast enough for moving pic­ multiplexed duty cycle of 1/135. Pixel size is tures. It is. however. ideally suited for appli­ 0.40 mm x 0.40 mm with 50 f.l.m separation cations where large-area displays of high complexity. high contrast. wide viewing cone • Liquid Crystal Technology-As lines resulting in an active viewing area of this session's chairman. Paul R. Van Loan. 12 1.5 mmx243.0mm.A 10x6fontisused and low power consumption are required. such as for portable personal computers. Hewlett-Packard (Corvallis. OR) pointed for the alphanumeric characters. out. "One of the characteristics of a mature technology is the steady evolutionary devel­ The paper presented by a team from searchers' attempts to overcome the prob­ opment of improved performance. incre­ Seiko Instrument & Electronics (Chiba. Ja­ lems that have restrained the widespread mental advances that open up new areas of use of those liquid crystals in large area pan) describes a full-page display that oper­ application or new materials." ates w ith refreshed multiplexing at low displays. Their paper describes the dot­ And. as three of the seven papers in this voltages in a 12 -in. diagonal cell only 2 fJ.ffi matrix display panel they fabricated. having session proved. LCD has reached that level of 640 x 400 pixels in the area of 260 x 162 thick. technological maturity. An Application of Chiral Smedic-C Liquid mm2 and driven by 1/400 duty multi­ Crystal to a Multiplexed Large-Area Display. plexing. by T. Harada and others. outlines the re- lnformation Display A team of researchers from Asahi Glass Co.(Yokohama. Japan) headed by Kazutoshi Sawada. presented the paper Double­ Layered Guest-Host Display for Automotive Use. It describes a polarizer-free response to the automotive industry demands for high display brightness and wide temperature range of operation. The authors developed an automotive dashboard using a back lighting. double­ layered. cholesteric guest-host panel. In each cell of the DGH panel. right-handed and left­ handed cholesteric mixtures were filled sep­ arately. The response time was short enough to enable recognition of numeral changes at - 30°C. Because of its high con­ trast. wide viewing angle and good bright­ ness (four levels of gray scale). this system could expand the use of liquid crystal displays for automotive applications. as well as for large size information boards with static drives.

In his paper Polymer Encapsulated Nematic Liquid Crystals for Display and Light Control Application. author James L. Fergason of the Taliq Corp. (Mountain View. CA) described a new species of LCD in which the liquid crystal is sandwiched between The last paper in this session. A Full-Color monochromatic CRTs through a fiber-optic electroded mylar films. This produces a flexi­ Field-Sequential LCD Using Modulated light guide into a planar d1ffuser. The LCD ble yet sturdy display that requires neither Backlight. by H. Hasebe and S. Kobayashi. uses a flat backlight panel connected to three polarizers nor edge seal. Tokyo University of Agriculture and Tech­ RGB monochrome CRTs through a bundle of The operating principle of these Nematic nology (Tokyo. Japan). presented a novel plastic optical fibers in col}junction with liq­ Curvilinear Aligned Phase (NCAP) devices is contribution to full color flat panel displays. uid crystal black shutters-such as TN. TB. similar to that of other liquid crystal displays based on channeling the light from three or ferroelectric LC cells. in that surface interactions are used to effect the alignment of the liquid crystal in the field-off state. The system's curvilinear in­ terfaces between the polymer and liquid crystal phases cause a non-parallel align­ ment of the liquid crystal molecules that re­ sults in the scattering. or. with the addition of pleochroic dye. absorption of unpolarized light. Upon application of an electric field. a parallel alignment is effected and scattering or absorption of light is dramatically reduced. The obvious advantages of such a display are its simplicity of construction: simple ex­ tension to very large sizes-greater than 1 sq. ft: excellent viewing angle: low power consumption: high brightness: adaptability to non-planar geometries and to odd shapes: and strong environmental properties-such as resistance to sunlight. moisture and thermal variations. Disadvantages still to be The configuration provides field sequen­ TN and TB shutters produce a flicker-free resolved are high driving voltage. compared tial primary colors. spatially modulated by an full color display having an area of 10 em x to other LCDs: the need for controlled light­ LCD matrix. The results include a white lumi­ 10 em and strobing line of 10. With an active ing for the scattering displays: and the lack nance level of 30 fL and a tunable birefrin­ matrix-driven cell. or multiplexed cell with of a high level of multiplexing. gent. twisted nematic. or ferroelectric ferroelectric LC. lines up to 100 through element having a response time of 1 ms or 200 can be realized. less. June 1985 21 510'~=------REVIEW OF TECHNICAL PAPERS Flat-Panel Displays

• Active Matrix and Thermally Ad­ dressed Displays-Chaired by Donald E. Castleberry. General Electric (Schenectady.

NY). this session explored several of the 0 '" TI0 NAL leading approaches to overcoming the limi­ W0 Ill IT 0 II --:r.---t C O itUitll •• C I.. OC IIi S tations of the multiplexed twisted-nematic C O L U MN D AT A L A T C~ VID EO fl O W •• nu. •t..~ liquid crystal display. including adding an ad­ ditional switching means such as thin-film &40X4 0 0 I . A C it P ... Afi ( I AC TI VE DISP LA Y I transistors or thermal addressing. I AR EA I C O L U M N P O W [II According to Castleberry. "The thin-film I transistor (TFf) approaches can be differen­ tiated by the semiconductor material used . .. each material system having its advan­ tages and disadvantages. and consensus on the preferred material has not yet been

established." I llUMIN AT I ON DI SPlA Y DR I V ER BOARD l AMP

One of the six papers presented at this What may be the largest integrated circuit display performance. The process uses five session. Full-Color TFT-LCD with Phase­ ever attempted-a 5 in. x 8 in. active-area. photolithographic mask levels. utilizing only Change Guest-Host Mode. describes a large Cadmium-selenide TFT-driven liquid crystal conventional thin-film depositions and pho­ polysilicon TFT display using a guest-host display was described by a team from tolithography. The display is integrated into liquid crystal to increase the brightness and Panelvision Corp. (Pittsburgh. PA) headed a system with a user-friendly interface. viewing angle. by F.C. Luo. Their paper. A 640 x 400 CdSe When connected to a personal computer A research team from Suwa Seikosha Co. TFT-LC Display Panel. discusses the system's through the RGB video interface port. the (Nagano-ken. Japan). under the direction of addressing scheme. system design. and system replaces the CRT. Shinji Morozumi. developed the full-color display in which the polarizer has been elimi­ A prototype liquid crystal display. ad­ using the heating pulses in a line-at-a-time nated, thus reducing the bright back-lighting dressed thermally with a laser light pen. was sequence. normally required for such displays. described by a team from Hitachi Ltd . The prototype model has a 180 x 125 According to the researchers. the 5.1 3 in. (lbaraki. Japan) in the paper Thermally Ad­ mm2 display area with four lines/mm reso­ diagonal TFT-LCD with PC-GH mode was dressed Liquid-Crystal Flat Display with lution. There are 720 vertical transparent developed for applications exposed to trans­ Laser Light Pen. electrodes and 500 horizontal heating elec­ missive room light. The display's contrast ra­ In their paper. Y. Nagae (and others). ex­ trodes. providing 360.000 pixels. All written tio is 1 :3.8. depending on the herical pitch plained how a semi-conductor laser light pen information can be read out electrically by and the amount of dye. The average trans­ as well as the usual electrode heating meth­ detecting the capacitance of each pixel­ mittance in "ON" state is about 25%. The od can be used to write directly on the with readout time for the full display panel driving voltage for data line is + 8 volts; for display panel. Information generated by ex­ 0.8 sec. gate line. 24 volts. ternal equipment or ROM is displayed by

22 Information Display • Plasma and Vacuum Fluores­ cent Displays--Larry F. Weber. University of Illinois (Urbana. IL) chaired this session in which three papers on AC plasma displays and two on VF displays explore some of the challenges in solving such problems as eco­ nomical and practical matrix addressing of these devices. ways of achieving higher brightness and efficiencies. as well as tech­ niques for designing full-color flat panel displays.

AC Refresh Plasma Display. presented by 0. Oida and others. NEC Corp. (Kawasaki. Japan) describes how researchers solved the problem of increased power consumption that results from increased number of scan electrodes associated with large capacity plasma displays. The NEC team developed a driving circuit based on the phase selection technique and constructed an ac refresh (from memory) plasma display having 640 x 400, 640 x 200. 720 x 350. and 512 x 256 pixels­ compa rable to CRTs- that makes fu ll graphics display possible on a flat thin screen.

Futaba Corp. (Tokyo. Japan) researchers • Electroluminescent Displays-­ involved in attempting to obtain stable lumi­ led by T.L. Pykosz. presented a paper enti­ This tech nical session. chaired by Aron nescence under high-field conditions; and tled Color Graphics Front Luminous VFD. Vecht. Phosphor Products Co. (London. the challenges researchers face in their at­ which describes a color graphic VFD that England) offered six papers covering devel­ tempt to improve drive circuitry for EL uses front luminous Vacuum Fluorescent opments in large ACEL TF devices and color panels. technology. This graphic VFD is capable of EL TF displays; assessments of the problems displaying patterns in full color. from RGB colors that are coated separately on the an­ A new electrode architecture for EL pan­ luminescence in Alkaline-Earth-Sulfide Thin­ ode as stripes. els was presented by Planar Systems Inc. Film Devices describes how EL devices made (Beaverton. OR) team. led by R.T. Flegal. from alkaline-earth su lfides doped with Their paper. A Large-Area Electro­ rare-earth show luminances of 100 . 650 luminescent Display presents the design con­ and 350 cd/m2 for red. green and blue re­ siderations for a system that reduces the spectively. with the observed luminous effi­ power consumption for a large EL panel by a cacy strongly dependent upon the film factor of two. compared to presently avail­ deposition temperature. These initial results able systems. are quite encouraging for this early stage of In addition. this electrode architecture the investigations. provides the circuit designer with a factor of eight increase in the time available to charge The ability to achieve high contrast in a column electrode. This additional time is large-area displays (9-in. diagonal) is de­ then available to implement further power scribed in a paper by resea rchers at Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. (Osaka. Ja­ Exhaust tu be reduction schemes. such as resonant drive. An ode lead Using a 7 x 9 pixel array for character for­ pan). AC Thin Film EL Display with PrMn03 Filament mation in an 8 x 12 cell. this EL panel can Black Dielectric Material. authored by rid Atsushi Abe and others. explains construc­ Back p late disp lay 33 rows by 80 characters; an alternative 5 x 7 format in a 6 x 10 cell per­ tion of the TFEL panel consisting of a stable mits 40 rows of 106 characters to be black dielectric material backing layer in con­ The FLVFD presents the image. which can displayed. tact with the ZnS:Mn phosphor film that re­ be observed through the phosphor. trans­ duces the saturation brightness by a factor missive anode and supporting substrate. A paper by researchers at Tottori Univer­ of 2. High contrast ratios of 100: 1 in 1000 This structure eliminates the visual disturb­ sity (Tottori. Japan) demonstrated the po­ 1x ambient attained with the device hold ances by the internal electrodes. thus al­ tential for using alkaline-earth sulfides in good promise for potential application on lowing a fi ner pitch. The display is driven by multi-color thin film EL devices. Presented both character and graphic displays for in­ a single matrix system. by S. Tanaka. the paper Multi-Color Electro- formation terminals.

June 1985 23 SID'85:~------REVIEW OF TECHNICAL PAPERS Cathode-Ray Tube Displays

corner resolution. improved convergence • CRT Displays--Although papers on performance. and minimized convergence/ flat-panel display technology easily out­ Vertical deflector focus interaction. These improvements re­ numbered those on CRT technology (by Modulating electrode sult from: 4:1). nevertheless there were several papers A closer lJeam-Lo-beam spacing that al­ showing " .. . extensive innovation in the lows a better in-line gun/yoke convergence overall structure of the CRT to achieve full­ deflector performance color flat display. sophisticated numerical A refraction lens design that reduces analysis of deflection yokes and fields to the convergence shift due to focus voltage minimize display errors. and electron gun Filament change development to improve the quality and cathode A zero free-fall design that reduces the lower the cost of color CRT display sys­ Electron• thermal convergence drift. tems. " according to session chairman b ..m William A. Hamilton. Raytheon Co. • Display Systems--Other papers of (Sudbury. MA). note on CRT technology were presented in Of the seven papers presented in this ses­ this session chaired by Paul T. Breen. The sion two covered approaches that yield a flat Phosphor stripe MITRE Corp. (Bedford. MA). Among these color CRT. was one on a high definition color CRT moni­ tor developed for military applications. one Electric Industrial Co. (Osaka. Japan). the on a very high definition color display for TV. One paper .reported on the progress paper. A Color Flat-Panel Display Using Ma­ and one on a CRT display system that pro­ achieved on a flat channel multiplier CRT trix Drive and Deflection System. details the vides a three-dimensional image. that has a 12-in. diagonal and is only 3 in. basic structure of the panel display, which thick. In their paper. Progress of the Flat has a drive consisting of 15 directly-heated New Precision Color CRT Monitor for Mil­ Channel Multiplier CRT. D. Washington and filament cathodes and 200 strip modulating itary Applications. by Seymour Berkoff and others. Philips Research Laboratories electrodes with vertical and horizontal de­ Anthony N. DeLorenzo. Hazeltine Corp. (Redhill. England). the researchers compare flectors aligned corresponding to the cath­ (Greenlawn. NY) describes a recently devel­ their first results using a flat (folded beam) odes and electrodes respectively. The panel's oped fully militarized color display monitor deflection system with recent development screen consists of 3000 picture cells and using a shadow mask cathode ray tube that of the larger display. The first flat sealed-off achieves 400 x 480 pixel presentations. provides color display equalling or sur­ monochrome tubes have been made. and the passing that of the monochrome original. feasibility of achieving full-color has been High-Resolution Electron Gun Designed The 19-in. monitor produces a visual resolu­ demonstrated using smaller area demounta­ for a New Generation of Color Data Display tion of 1280 x 10 24 at 50% modulation ble displays. Tubes. presented by Hsing-Yao Chen. RCA depth. and provides seven colors to meet Video Component and Display Division (Lan­ military requirements for color-coding The other paper describes a 10 -in. diago­ caster. PA) described the design of a new display data. nal CRT less than 2.6 in. thick that uses a electron gun that uses the lower aberration new drive/deflection system that produces a main lens of the COTY system. an improved A Flicker-Free 2448 x 2048 Dots Color full color TV image comparable to conven­ beam forming region. and a focus refraction CRT Display. presented by Kunia Ando and tional color picture types. Presented by lens. According to the author. these new fea­ others. Hitachi Ltd (Yokohama. Japan). de­ Masanori Watanabe and others. Matsushita tures result in a. gun that provides better scribes the development of a super high res- 24 Information Display elution full color 19-in. CRT display to meet growing CAD/CAE workstation demands. According to the authors. the flicker-free de­ vice is capable of displaying more than 4 mil­ lion dots at non-interlaced scanning mode. 2 Brightness is about 70 cd/m •

And A Field-Sequential Discrete Depth­ Plane Three-Dimensional Display. presented by Thomas S. Buzak. Tekt ronix. Inc. (Beaverton. OR}. describes a new approach toward solving problems associated with earlier 3 -D displays. This prototype display produces a real 3 -D image with full vertical. horizontal. and headmotion parallax: and it is also capable of doing full color while re­ maining relatively compact

The system uses a series of electrically switchable mirrors. stacked one in f ront of the other. Each mirror consists of at least The first paper . presented by R.I. 54-in. rear proj ection display for High Defi­ two LC cells. Together. they act as an elec­ Feigenblatt and I.F. Chang. IBM (Yorktown nition TV that uses a newly developed 9-in. trically switchable mi rror for circularly po­ Heights. NY}. described t he construction of a electromagnetic focusing type high resolu­ larized light. Each mirror can be switched t ransportable CRT display using off-the­ tion projection t ube. The phosphor screen is into one of the two states-reflecting or shelf projection technology. The prototype spherical and convex toward an electron transmitting. Switching from one plane to uses a commercial Kinescope with electron gun. thus eliminating field curvature caused another can be accomplished i n 0 .2 opt ics. and a custom-designed commercial by the projection lens. Peak brightness of 2 milliseconds. 50-mm lens. By allowing distortion. which the device is about 340 cd/m • Resolution is When an image f rom a CRT is reflected can be compensated by predistorting the 1000 lines horizontally and 750 vertically. from the stack of mirrors, t he apparent dis­ electronic raster. high resolution is available According to the authors. extremely high­ tance of the image from the observer is a (even in the field corners} and a lens resolu­ contrast images are displayed even in function of the position of the nearest re­ tion of 1000 diagonal lines is achieved. By brightly-lit rooms. flecting mirror. folding the optical path w ith two beam­ turning mirrors. the researchers obtained a The final paper in this review. by Hideki projected. flat 12-in. active diagonal display Matsukaw a and others. Matsushita Elec­ Other display papers of interest included: in a compact carrying case that folds down tronic Components Co. and Asao Takada. • Projection Display Systems-Session to only 5 x 15 x 20 inches. Matsushita Communication Industrial Co. chair man. Stephen R. Black, Evans & (Kanagawa, Japan} describes the develop­ Sutherland Computer Corp. (Salt Lake City, In the second paper. K. Kubota and oth­ ment of a large color video display system UT}. ers. NEC Corp. (Kawasaki. Japan}. describe a comprised of liquid crystal panel units - A Portable Projection CRT Terminal compact high resolution combination (201.5 mm high, 268.5 mm wide and 83.0 - A Compact High-Resolution Image projector/printer that uses a semiconductor mm thick). which are stacked in multiple Projector and Printer Using a Laser­ laser-addressed liquid crystal light valve. blocks within a display structure. having Addressed Liquid-Crystal Ligh t This system not only can display 2000 x three-wavelength type fluorescent tubes for Valve. 2000 pixels. 8 ft. x 8 ft. screen image. but rear lighting of the display. Specially de­ - A 54-in. (5 :3) High-Contrast and also can print an A-4 size image simultane­ signed light guides are used to eliminate the Brightness Rear-Projection Display ously. The system has a personal computer grid pattern resulting from the assemblage for High-Definition TV interface. Hard copies of the projected im­ of multiple panels. thus creating a continu­ • Large Scr een Components and age are obtained by indicating the number of ous screen image. Materials-Session chair man. John J. copies desired and then activating the start­ Stapleton, Visionary Technology Inc. (East er button. N.B. The Digest of Technical Papers--1985 SID Brunswick, NJ}. International Symposium. May 1985, is available from SID HQ. 8055 W. Manchester. #615. Playa - A Continuous Very Large-Area The third paper, by Kunio Ando and oth­ del Rey, CA 90293. $40.00 for members; $50.00 Liquid Crystal Color Display ers, Hitachi Ltd. (Tokyo. Japan}. describes a for non-members.

June 1965 25 vehicle using forward-looking infrared Introducing Litton's 1'' tube. systems. Now let's see. What could you use And it's a high performer. Spot size a miniature CRT for? is 0.0008 inch. Brightness is 100 foot­ How about a helmet-mounted display. lamberts with standard 525 line TV A compact film recorder. raster at 30 Hz filling the useful screen. A hybrid typesetter. You can buy it as a stand-alone item Or a compact display inside a or with a small coil and magnetic shield. crowded tank. To get the small picture, contact Litton's L-4272 cathode ray tube is Litton Electron Devices Division, the newest sub-miniature on the market. 1215 S. 52nd Street, Tempe, AZ And one of the best. 85283. Phone (602) 968-4471. It's made by the leader of high TWX: 910-950-0149. resolution, high precision CRT's. Litton's reliable CRT products have been used in everything from advanced reconnais­ sance systems to sophisticated photo­ composition machines. The L-4272 is ruggedized, so it'll survive inside a tank, an aircraft or any rn Litton Electron Devices

26 Information Display ------510'85

SID '85 Honors and Awards

Allan R. Kmetz. ATB. T Bell Laboratories. Murray Hill. NJ. recipient of the 1985 SID Fellow Award for "contributions to the understanding and application of liquid crystal displays ...

Sol Sherr. Westland Electronics. Ltd.. Old Chatham. NY. recipient of SID's 1985 Beatrice Winner Award for "distinguished Service to the Society...

C.J. Gerritsma. Philips Research Labora­ tories. Eindhoven. The Netherlands. recip­ ient of the 1985 SID Fellow Award for Peter Pleshko. IBM Corp .. Kingston. NY. recipient of SID's 1985 Francis Rice Dame Memorial "contributions and leadership in flat -panel Award for "technical and leadership contributions in the development and manufacturing ofhigh in­ 1isplay research." formation content ac plasma displays...

June 1985 27 DISPLAY------TERMINAL REQUIREMENTS

dimension allow curved lines to be formed that result in a more natural ap­ Study focuses on pearance for some characters. Character size Given that the character is formed display terminal from a matrix of dots or lines. there re­ mains the question of character size. For either matrix. optimum legibility occu rs between a minimum and a maxi ­ requirements mum size. Characters smaller than the minimum size cannot be easily identified: while those exceeding the maximum size are too large. thus reducing the readability for groups of he introduction of Visual Display characters with individual characters Terminals. or Units (VDTs or - ·-r r- tending to break down into assemblies TVDUs). into everyday working life has of dots or lines. often led to complaints of poor working Character size is most usefully ex­ conditions. pressed in terms ofthe angle subtended A recent report. prepared by CIE (the by the character at the operator's eye. International Commission on Illumina­ The prefer red character size is in the tion) Technical Committee 3.1: Visual range 15 to 22 min arc. for the charac­ Performance. explores the visual as­ ter height w ith the other dimensions of 5 X 7 4 x5 pects of the VDT in the workstation and the characters being in the proportions makes certain recommendations for FIG . I shown in Fig. 3. Within this range. the further study and application. The re­ optimum character size varies wit h the port is in three parts: method of character generation. Cruder • Part One- examines the nature of characters require smaller sizes if the VDT work. elements of the character are not to be • Part Two-discusses the health as­ discriminated. pects of VDT work. • Part Three-considers the visual re­ lntercharacter spacing quirements of VDT work. FIG . 2 Spacing between characters has an This article presents the report's con­ 5x7 important effect on the ease of reading clusions to Part Three-focusing on the of a display. If intercharacter spacing is visual requirements of the display unit very small. characters are crowded and itself. Subsequent articles in 10 will fo­ not easily identified: if spacing is large. cus on the environmental and user then only a few characters can be requirements. identified for each fixation-thus reducing the operator's reading speed. Character formation To ensure adequate discrimination For most VDTs. the characters of the between individual characters. their display are constructed from a matrix of spacing should be not less t han 20% of dots or short lines (Fig. 1) . and are gen­ the character height: and to ensure 7x9 14 X 9 erated by making different dots or lines good readability. character spacing in the array luminous. should be not more than 50% of the The legibility of different characters But. even with a larger matrix, the character height (Fig. 3) depends on the number of dots or lines standard positions of the dots or lines in the matrix and their spacing. Too few may lead to oddly shaped characters. To Upper- and lower-case letters dots or lines in an array. widely spaced. overcome this problem. various tech­ Generally. text containing upper-case will result in poor legibility. For dot­ niques of character enhancement have letters only is more difficult to read than matrix character generation. a 5x7 been developed. is text (occupying the same space) con­ matrix is the minimum acceptable for One commonly used technique is to taining upper- and lower-case together. character discrimination: while for line­ double the horizontal dimension of the or lower-case letters alone. matrix generation. a 4x5 matrix is the matrix. changing the dot matrix from The reason is that ascenders and de­ minimum acceptable. Of course. larger say 5x7 or 7x9 to 14x9. without scenders in the lower case letters tend matrices (such as 7x9 or 9x 13) obvi­ changing the physical size of the matrix. to give each word a distinct outline so ously will produce more legible figures. (Fig. 2) The extra dots in the horizontal that it can be perceived as a unit. rather 28 Information Display PHOTORECORDING TO WITHIN 20 MICRONS

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Boltitiot Br11il D'"tat~l... Ea.... o fr•co llolio J- htritt Uoi1H-lli.. • U.S.A. BRUXHLES SAO PAULO MU NCHEN MAORIO BOULOGNE ·BILLAN COURT RO MA TOKYO STOC KH OLM BASINGSJOKE RU THE RFORD. NJ Tel 131·11648 64 85 Tel 155·11154147 11 Tel 149·8911 8 79·0 Tel 134·1140516 15 Tel 133·1) 604 81 75 Tel 139·616390248 Tel 181 ·31164 6346 Ttl 146·8163 50 60 Tel 144·156119155 Tel 11·101) 438 1300 Tx 13113 TH8XLB Tx ·1011114116 TCSFBR Tx 511916 CSF 0 II 46033 TCCE E Tx - THOMTUB 100 771 f h 620 683 THOMTE I r. 2314241 THCSF J h 11078 THCSFS T• 858865 TE SAfl G Tw. 710989 1286 DISP~Y------TERMINAL REQUIREMENTS

than as a collection of letters. Text dis­ played in conventional upper- and lower-case letters is unquestionably • easier to read. • But. it is essential that descenders in • ••••••••• one row of text reach below the • • • • baseline of the characters and that they • • • • I. "'''"'" O.H not overlap or become entangled with • • • • the ascenders from the row below. ••••••••••+-+ • d escender = 0 .3 h Small dot- and line-matrices. however. l Space between characters e may not allow both upper- and lower­ Space 0 .2-0.6 h between case letters to be formed clearly. Thus. lines 1.0 - 1.6h another reason f or using matrices 1.0-1 .5 h Stroke width larger than the required minimum. 0 .12 - 0. 17 h

~ Line spacing To avoid ascenders and descenders of ••••• • successive rows of text becoming mixed • • and yet be able to retain a reasonable • • display capacity on a given screen size. •••• • Character height (h) both minimum and maximum line spac­ • • ing specifications exist. In general. line • • spacing should not be less than 1 00%; ••••• ••••• Character width and not greater than 150% of the char­ 0.7-0.8 FIG. 3 acter heiqht. (Fig. 3) For a given viewing distance. the character height can be obtained from the angle subtended by the rela tionship: character height (mm) = 0.0003 x ( angle subtended (min arc) x viewing distance Connectors for (mm). Dense Ci itry Format The recommendations already given without on character formation and character size are specific to VDTs and are based on the particula r mechanism used to Solder create the characters-that is dot- or line-matrix. Other recommendations. or Pins pertaining to VDT display format. are based on conventional rules of good ty­ pography. This is essential to remember Compress PCK ELASTOMERIC STAX'" are layered elastomeric when considering spacing between CONNECTORS between any two connectors. Conductive layers are words. j ustification of text. I i ne length. surfaces, ceramic hybrids, PCBs, carbon or silver impregnated silicone which alternate with nonconductive and so forth. or glass displays and establish re­ silicone layers. Standard density is 250 dundant contacts with gas-tight conductive layers per inch. Applications include LCDs, electroluminescent displays, Contrast and luminance sealing. stacked PCBs, and hybrid interconnects. Once t he size of t he characters is fixed, their visibility is largely deter­ • Fine-line construction produces MOE'" (Metal-On-Elastomer) connectors are metal traces of gold and/or nickel-on­ mined by their contrast with the back­ contact redundancy copper deposited on an insulating elasto­ ground. This cont rast is most conven­ mer. Low contact resistance and design • Spring-force qualities of silicone flexibility make MOEs ideal for interboard iently expressed as the ratio of the rubber create environmental and high-density chip carrier connections. luminance of the character (Lc) to the sealing action luminance of the background (Lb) - Expressing contrast as a simple ratio Let PCK size an elastomeric connector to meet your needs. Lc to Ld gives equal weight to both positive and negative contrast; positive D

when the character luminance is less character luminance. These can be ative ra nge of character luminances is 2 than the background luminance. The measured with a co nventional lumi­ 30 to 125.cd m . conventional expression of luminance nance meter. Care should be exercised There are considerable advantages to contrast Lc - Lb when measuring character luminance. be gained from increasing the back­ partly because the luminance of the ground of a positive contrast display. if Lb character varies across its profile. and this can be done without excessively allows a range of - 1 to infinity and partly because the luminance of both reducing the contrast of the display. A hence does not give equal weight to background and the character depend higher background luminance will re­ positive and negative contrast. on the luminous flux reflected from the duce conspicuity of reflect ions from the By far t he most common form of display screen. screen and diminish the differences be­ display is positive contrast. in which This would tend to indicate that it is tween the display luminance and the lu­ light characters are seen on a dark back­ not appropriate to recommend a pre­ minance of other surfaces in the visua l ground. Measurements of task per­ cise luminance for character and back­ field. Alternatively. a negative contrast formance and operator preference at ground. Nonetheless. measurements on display (one in which the characters various positive contrasts indicate that a number of positive contrast VDT have a lower luminance than the back­ there is an acceptable range of positive screens. in realistic settings. have shown ground) can be used. contrasts from 3:1 to 15:1. a range of background luminances of Some experience indicates that nega­ Contrasts below 3:1 are difficult to between 3 and 2.5 cdm 2 (including tive contrast displays. which approach see. while contrasts above 15:1 lead to ambient light). the appearance of conventional print­ complaints of excessive brightness. A Some evidence suggests that for the ing. lead to better task performance and value in the range of 5:1 to 10:1 is the preferred range of contrasts (5: 1 to are considered more comfortable. Re­ preferred contrast ratio. 10:1) the lower contrasts are preferred cent studies. however. have shown that To obtain an estimate of character with higher character luminance: and there is not much difference in task per­ contrast. it's necessary to quantify both the higher contrasts with lower charac­ formance between positive and nega­ the background luminance and the ter luminances. On this basis. a conserv- tive contrast displays. The preferred

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Panel Size, Resolution, Pixels Pixels Per Linear Inch

1 28 X 256 40, 60 128 X 512 60 256 X 256 60 256 X 512 64 512 X 512 60, 64, 73, 83 512 X 1024 60 1024 X 1024 60, 73, 83 1 200 X 1600 50.8, 101 Our standard display resolution ranges from 30 to 100 pixels per linear inch (900 to 10,000 pixels per square inch). Display resolutions up to 200 pixels per linear inch are available.

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32 Information Display ------DISPLAY TERMINAL REQUIREMENTS

contrasts are similar for both positive increasing the degree of blur and char­ Instability and negative displays. acter spreading. One of the more obvious ways that VDT -presented material differs from Blur Character color conventional printed material. is the in­ Although contrast of character is an For monochrome displays, the colors stability of the display image. Display important influence on its visibility. most commonly used for characters are stability has an important influence on character blur also must be considered. white. green. and amber-usually seen the comfort of the operator . Where the edge of the character is against a gray or black background. in Instability of the display can take sharply defined. then the for m of t he positive contrast. There is little differ­ various forms. the most common being character is more easily identified; but ence between these character colors flicker. jitter and swim. when the edge of the character is with regard to both visual performance blurred. the form of the character is not and user preference. • Flicker- period ic dimming and easily seen and adjacent characters may For polychrome displays. not more brightening of a part of the display. The run together. thus reducing the visibility than six to eight different colors should extent to which this occurs is deter­ of the display. be used. Among the reasons for limiting mined by the type of phosphor used in At low character luminances. the the number of colors in a display are: the display screen and the rate at which characters on most VDTs are sharp. but. Using a large number of colors for dis­ the display is refreshed. If the character as the luminance of the character in­ crimination of information may lead to is not refreshed frequently enough, its creases. it is common for the degree of confusion; giving colors. which have a luminance will vary sufficiently for the blur and character spreading to also in­ common association. another meaning flicker to be visible. Whether the flicker crease. Good quality VDTs permit the can lead to confusion; and adjacent becomes visible is determined by many luminance of the character to be ad­ strongly chromatic colors tend to pro­ factors. among them being luminance justed by the operator without seriously duce conflicting cues for accommodation. of the display. modulation of the flicker.

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June 1985 33 DISPLAY------TERMINAL REQUIREMENTS

area of t he display and age of the that the luminance of adjacent raster eliminated by careful stabilization of the observer. lines can change suddenly and thus give power supply. Some of these factors can be rise to a jittering effect. All three types of instability. flicker. controlled. such as reducing luminance Jitter is a rather different form of in­ jitter. and swim can cause discomfort to to eliminate flicker: but this may pro­ stability that occurs only with a particu­ VDT operators. Reduction of these nui­ duce other undesirable effects. namely lar form of VDT. The factors affecting sances can only be done by selecting a reducing the visibility of information the visibility of flicker. however. also af­ good quality VDT with a suitable phos­ displayed. The best solution to t his fect the visibility of jitter. To eliminate phor. a high refresh rate. and a well sta­ problem is to eliminate it at its source. jitter. either each line has to have a re­ bilized power supply. This means selecting a VDT with a suita­ fresh rate greater than 50Hz. or the ble combination of refresh rat e and separation between adj acent lines in t he phosphor persistence. A refresh rate of display has to be slight enough for them 50 Hz is the minimum acceptable for to be resolved. positive contrast displays. Higher re­ fresh rates are necessary for negative • Swim- slow movement of the contrast displays because the higher lu­ whole image. Refresh rate and persist­ (Vision and the Visual Display Unit Work Station: minance of the background tends to in­ ence of phosphors are not important Publication CIE Number 60- 1984. Although this crease the visibility of any flicker. factors. since swim is not caused by a report has been approved by the majority of the variation in luminance at a fixed point. CIE Technical Committee. it is NOT an official CIE recommendation. The latest CIE Proceedings. or • Jitter- adjacent lines in the raster but rather by a movement of luminance CIE Journal. should be consulted regarding the are treated as members of two differ­ across the screen. Swim is usually current status of this report and possible subse­ quent amendments. Commission lnternationale ent '"fields'" that are refreshed in succes­ ca used by an instability in the power de L"Eclairage. Bureau Central de Ia CIE. 52 Boule­ sion. This interlacing technique means supply to the display and it can only be vard Malesherbes. 75008 Paris. France.)

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34 Information Display INDUSTRIAL STUDY MISSION TO JAPAN

ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS '85

TEAM DIRECTOR: Dr. George Taylor, President, Princeton Research Associates ORGANIZED BY: Technology Transfer Institute-New York DATE: AUGUST 19 (Monday)- AUGUST 31 (Saturday), 1985 INCLUDING ATTENDANCE AT TSUKUBA EXPO '85 (see cover story SID Information Display, May '85 issue)

Technology Transfer Institute (TTl) New York is currently organizing an International Industrial Study Mis­ sion to Japan on the subject of "Electronic Displays:' The objective of this study mission is to give the attendees a first-hand exposure to the rapidly advancing Japanese electronic displays industry, including its current and future trends in research, development, and manufacturing. A series of technical visits to R&D plants and companies, discussions and question-and-answer sessions at each Japanese company will be set up. Many attendees make important supplier and marketing connections with the Japanese firms. The exchange of ideas and experiences shared among the participants and Japanese host companies will benefit all parties and result in better understanding of the electronic display technology and its application in the world market.

Points of study include: • Cathode Ray Tubes • Electro-luminescent Displays • Liquid Crystal Displays • Vacuum Fluorescent Displays • Gas Plasma Displays • Light Emitting Devices

Some suggested organizations to visit: • Asahi Glass • Matsushita • Fujitsu • Mitsubishi • Hitachi • OKI Electronics • ISE Electronics • NEC • Nippon Telephone & Telegraph • Sanyo • Seiko • Sharp• • Toshiba

For more information on this exchange tour, including a complete brochure, please contact Mr. Hideaki Hashizume, General Manager, Technol~gy Transfer Institute (TTI) One Penn Plaza, Suite ·1411, New York, New York 10119. Tel: (212) 947-2648, Tlx: 420057 TTl UI, Panafax: (212) 947-8273. President's Message

SOCIETY OFFICERS President: I.F. Chang Vice President: J.A. van Raalte Treasurer: L.E. Tannas. Jr. Secretary: W.F. Goede

PRESIDENT'S ADVISORY COUNCIL T.V. Curran. A. Kmetz. J. Simonds. W. Good, B. Lechner. H.G. Slottow. P. Pleshko

DIRECTORS Minneapolis/St. Paul: T.J. Werner Midwest: J. Markin Delaware Valley: W.G. Mulley New England: T. Cheek Mid-Atlantic: P. Pleshko Bay Area: H. Sherman ur 1985 International Symposium at Orlando. Florida, was a great Los Angeles: R.C. Knepper 0 success by every measure. The symposium had 988 in attendance. of San Diego: R.E. Thoman which 484 were SID members. plus 62 exhibitors and their personnel. Among Japan: M. Ashikawa the 114 presentations. impressive breakthroughs in liquid crystal displays and Past President: G.F. Carroll flat panel displays, plus advances in printing technologies. stirred up some ex­ citement. I would like to congratu late Jim Price. Conference Chairman, Aris COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Silzars. Program Chairman. and their entire program committee for an excellent Academic: L. Todd. L. Weber program. and thank the Palisades Institute staff for running a very smooth Archives/Historian: R.C. Knepper operation. Bylaws: A. Silzars Bettye Burdett. our office manager. happily counted 235 new members who Chapter Formation:A. Lakatos. C.J. Gerritsma signed up at Orlando. On behalf of SID, let me take the opportunity in this col­ Definitions&Standards: Fred Oess umn to formally welcome you new members to our Society. I would also like to Group Formation: A. Penz. E. Lean urge you to get involved in our chapter activities. For the next couple of months. Honors & Awards: T.C. Maloney lntersociety: H.L. Funk each chapter will be formulating their technical program and membership activi­ Memberships: N. Caswell. K.C. Park ties for the 1985-86 program year. The procedures are usually as follows: Nominations:G.F. Carroll. T DuPuis. B. Lechner 1. The chapter chairman will appoint a program chairman, a newsletter edi­ Proceedings: S. Sherr. C. Land.J.E. Bigelow tor, and an annual meeting coordinator. Publications: L. Maldoon. P. Ngo 2. The program chairman's job is to solicit and schedule speakers and/or Publicity: D. Pinsky company visits for the entire program year. Symposium Advisory Committee: 3. The newsletter editor's job is to distribute the program to all chapter J.A. van Raalte. T. Credelle. R. Durbeck members. In addition, the newsletter editor writes up a review of each meeting and sends it to Joe MacDonald, Information Display editor. for publication. CHAPTER CHAIRMEN 4. The annual meeting is a technical and social event for the chapter. where Bay Area: Gus Carroll new officers will be inaugurated. The coordinator'sjob is to select a site and pro­ Delaware Valley: J. Parker gram for the event and to obtain local sponsors if needed. Japan: S. Kobayashi As a chapter member. new or old. you can volunteer to serve in those jobs, or Los Angeles: K. Kilcoyne volunteer to be a speaker, sharing your work or expertise with your fellow chap­ Mid-Atlantic: A. Kmetz Midwest: J. Markin ter members. It only takes a phone call to get involved. I urge all the chapter offi­ Minneapolis/St. Paul: G. White cers to make an effort to contact and solicit new members for your chapter New England: M. Silverstein activities. Please remember that new members are like new blood to our society, San Diego: A. Dolle and we need them to keep us vital. UK/Ireland: M. Green I would like to emphasize again that I welcome submission of technical papers and news items. As an advisory editor for I D. I'll determine its appropriateness OFFICE ADMINISTRATION for publication, as' well as provide editing if necessary. National Office Mgr: Bettye Burdett

SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY 8055 West Manchester Avenue - Suite 615 Playa Del Rey, CA 90293 - 213/305-1502

Information Display ______Chapter Notes

SID ·as Seminars: Two. one-day tutorials. wrapped around the Society's Annual Symposium. provided more than 400 participants with a broad range of information on display systems and technologies: • Display Technology Fundamentals­ covered CRTs and architecture. plasma displays. LCDs and active-matrix addressing, and electro-luminescence. • Display Systems and Applications­ covered human factors and avionics. graphics and image processing. voice entry and 110 for display. and projection systems and local area networks. This year's seminars. under the co­ chairmanship of Howard L. Funk. IBM Corp. (White Plains. NY) and Larry F. Weber. Univ.ofllli­ nois (Urbana. IL). included speakers from both the US and Europe. chosen for their knowledge and experience in respective fields of information display technology. For information on the published Seminar Lec­ ture Notes. contact the Society for Information Display. 8055 W Manchester Ave .. Playa del Rey. CA 90293.

Bay Area: New Chapter Officers beam-index projects. including the design of deflection yokes for Chairman-Gus Carroll the beam-index tubes. His presentation at the meeting was fol­ Vice Chairman-Carlo Infante lowed by a demonstration of several other Sony High Resolution Secretary- Ed Washington developments and a tour ofthe highly automated Trinitron CRT Treasurer-Jim Becker factory in Sa n Diego.

New England: New Chapter Officers Minneapolis-St. Paul: April 19. 1985 Chairman-M. Silverstein Speaker: George Huard Vice Chairman-G. Levine CPI cardiac Pacemaker Corp. Secretary- T. Cheek Minneapolis. MN Treasurer-A . Bedford Topic: Remote readout and programming display for implant heart stimulation. UK/Ireland:. New Chapter Officers Chairman-M. Green Mid-Atlantic: April 9. 1985 Vice Chairman-N. Bartlett Speaker: Lawrence L. Hope Secretary-D. Washington Program Manager Treasurer- B. Needham Electronic Display Products GTE Products Corp. Mid-Atlantic: New Co-Chairman. Publications Committee Salem, MA Leslie Gerding. AT&T Information Systems (Holmdel. NJ) has Topic: One-meter-square multi-color thin-film electrolumines­ been appointed Co-Chairman. SID Publications Committee. suc­ cent display ceeding Dr. Peter D.T. Ngo. Lynn Maldoon serves as the other Mr. Hope reported on GTE's progress toward developing a Co-Chairman. one-meter-square. multi-color. thin-film electroluminescent display. He discussed some of the problems that researchers have encountered. such as step coverage. driver ICs. and phos­ San Diego: April 23. 1985 phor efficiencies. and provided insight as to possible solutions Speaker: Fred Ishii now being applied. Working with 42-in. glass substrates. GTE Sony. San Diego researchers buried the indium-tin oxide bases in channels to Topic: Development history of Sony's new beam-index CRT­ avoid step-coverage problems in subsequent thin-film coatings. "The lndextron" Although driver ICs for such large displays are still a major con­ Mr. Ishii, currently manager of the CRT Engineering Support cern. one popular commercial driver IC is available that can drive Group at Sony's Rancho Bernardo Mfg. Facility. has been with about a one-square-foot area of EL. But Hope pointed out per­ Sony for 15 years. During that time. he worked for four years in haps the greatest obstacle is full color. with present phosphor et­ Sony's Tokyo HQ R&D Display Div .• with two years devoted to ficiencies about 3 lumens/watt for yellow; 1.5 for green; less than 1.0 for red; and below 0.1 for blue.

June 1985 39 Chapter Notes

Pickington. Gordon Gasser. B. New SID Members Litton Systems. Ltd. Sanders Assoc. Inc. Puritz. Barry M. Jones, R. President Sanders Assoc. Inc. Visual Control Systems Moreno, Laurence Bay Area Chapter Katoh, Katsumi Simpson. Robert G. Sales Manager NTT lbaraki Elec. VP. Mktg. & Dev. Bus. Hoya Opti cs Bailey, Donald L. Comm Labs. Linear Technology Inc. Assl General Sales Mgr. Hoya Optics Shigemitsu, Masahiro Washington. R.C. UK & Ireland Chapter To Yo Ink Mfg. Co. Ltd. Corning Glass/Eiec. Jarvinen. Eero T. Materials Dept. Bliss, Simon T.J. Vice President!Sales Shimojo, T. Senior Systems Engineer Finlux Inc. ISE Electronics Corp. Westcott. Michael Phosphor Products Litton Systems Ltd. Meissner. Helmuth Yagishita. Kikuji Cameron, A.A. Senior Scientist Technical Manager Managing Director Hoya Optics Mitsubishi Electric Corp. Midwest Chapter C.W. Cameron Ltd.

Olmstead, H. Wayne Bogdan. Albert A. Higton. Malcolm H. Business Unit Mgr. Los Angeles Chapter VP-Marketing Research Manager Tektronix Ovonic Display Systems inc. Phosphor Products Doroski. David Prazdny. Kvetoslav Research Engineer Cannella. Vin Mayo. Jonathan W. Scientist Displaytek Ovonic Display Systems Inc. Phosphor Products CAS Lab. Gale. A.R. Dulaney. Kent M. Smith. Peter J.F. Reeder. Paul A. Counselor. Operations & Policy Motorola Display Systems Phosphor Products Industrial Designer Lohja Corp. Hewlett-Packard Hogan. Mark A: Werring. Norman J. Light. Alan T. Student Technical Director Segawa. Dave K. Sr. Staff Engineer Wayne State University Phosphor Products President Hughes Aircraft Co. Hoya Optics Johnson. Robert R. Logan. Dr. Joseph President Canada Chapter Toratani. Hisayoshi Director Ovonic Display Systems Senior Scientist Urban University Ctr/USC Bahadur. Dr. B. Hoya Optics Lien. Shui-Chih Alan Manager. R&D Okamoto, SeUi Engineer Data Images Director Ovonic Display Systems Washington DC Chapter Shimadzu Precision Bruce. A.G. Instruments Co. Sondergard, Richard D. Director. Technology Gutmann, James C. Sr. Engr. Scientist Data Images Human Factors Engineer Quartan, C.A. Emerson Electric Co. IBM Design Engineer Doyland, T.R. Honeywell Wells. David M. Mgr .. Manufacturing Lentz. Ray F. VP- Sales Data Images Staff Engineer Ovonic Display Systems Inc. IBM Mid-Atlantic Chapter Jeffrey, J.P. Yaniv. Dr. Zvi VP/General Manager Lowery, B. Angelo, Van Ovonic Display Systems Inc. Data Images GEC Avionics Inc. Litton Systems. Ltd.

Olson, Jean Garbowski. Benjamin New England Chapter Displays/Proce!>SOrs Engineer Supr., Display Mkt. Devel. USA Navy-NAVSEASYSCOM Corning Glass Works Deland. Janet Student Weaver, J. Ha. Manual Boston University GEC Avionics Inc. Litton Systems. Ltd.

Lanahan. B. Delaware Valley Chapter Corning Glass Works Wanted: Authors Paul, Walter B. Masucci. Carmine RCA Labs Hartman Systems Liveware Inc. is launching a new publication designed specific­ ally for the Data .Processing/Computer Science Professional. Any Van Dyck, Brad T. Mathews. David E. reader interested in submitting general data-processing news Aydin Computer Systems National Sales Mgr. Sharp articles for publication is invited to do so. Payment is $150 to $250 per article. upon acceptance. for all rights. Length of the Japan Chapter Mulder, Steven article should be 1,000 to 3.000 words: payment will depend Litton Systems. Ltd. Kagaku, Kanegafuchi upon article length and content. Please contact: Wendy West. Kogyo K.K. Kenkyusho Patton. J.E. Marketing Manager. Liveware Inc.. 6301 Rockhill Road- Suite Corning Glass/Eiec. Materials Dept 309, Kansas City. MO 64131 (816/363-1942).

40 Information Display ______Chapter Notes

Presidential Awards Deadline Display Conference Nominations for the National Medal of Technology are now Leading contributors to display research are invited. and en­ being accepted- through July 31. 1985. These medals awarded couraged. to attend the Fifth Annual International Display Re­ periodically by the President of the United States. recognize indi­ search Conference. to be held October 15-17. 1985. at the Hyatt viduals and companies for outstanding contributions in Islandia. San Diego. CA. The 1985 IDRC Conference. presented promoting US technology or technological manpower. jointly by SID. IEEE Electron Devices Society. and the Advisory Any US citizen. or US-owned company is eligible for nomina­ Group on Electron Devices. will feature submitted and invited tion. with the number of recipients dependent upon the number papers on research and development aspects of display work. In of deserving nominees. No more than 12 medals will be awardeq keeping with this emphasis (and tradition). there will be NO exhi­ on any one occasion. Instructions and nomination forms are bition of commercial equipment. and there will be NO parallel available from: Philip Goodman. Exec. Dir .. National Medal of sessions. (For more information. contact: Palisades Institute Technology Nomination Evaluation Committee. Room 4824. US for Research Services. Inc. 201 Varick Street. Room. 1140, Dept. of Commerce. Washington. DC 20230. New York. NY 10014 (212/620-3371).

C.W. Cameron Ltd. Garrett Mfg. Ltd. Burnfield Rd. 255 Attwell Dr. Giffnock Rexdale. Ontario. Canada M9W 588 Sustaining Members Glasgow. Scotland 416/675-1411 UK G46-7TH GEC Avionics Dale Electronics (Affil. General Electric Co. P.O. Box 609 p.l.c. of England) Columbus. NE 68601 4500 N. Shallowford Rd. 4021564-3131 Cathodyne Corp. Atlanta. GA 30338 Ad-Vance Magnetics. Inc. 404/394-7800 625 Monroe St. Sub. of Kloss Video Corp. Data Images Rochester. IN 46975 490 Windsor Park Dr. 1283 Algoma Road General Atronics Corp. 219/223-3158 Centerville. OH 45459 Ottawa. Ontario Sub. of Magnavox Govt & Industrial 513/748-1254 Canada, K18 3W7 Electronics Co. AEG-Telefunken Corp. 1200 E. Mermaid Lane Rt. 22-0rr Dr. CESCA Diehl Research Center Sistemas Electronics, S.A. Diehl Corp. Philadelphia. PA 19118 Somerville. NJ 08876 2151233-41 00 2o1n 22-9800 AP0036. 189 65 Commerce Rd. Madrid. Spain Stamford. CT 06902 General Electr ic Co. Amuneal Manufacturing Corp. 9 1/675--4300 203/357-1 048 Aerospace Control Systems Dept 4737 Darrah St. P.O. Box 5000 Philadelphia. PA 19124 CELCO Display Components. Inc. 2151535-3000 (Constantine Engrg. Labs Co.) 334 Littleton Rd. Binghamton. NY 13902 70 Constantine Dr. Westford, MA 01886 607n29-2511 Asea AB. Dept. YLKHM Mahwah. NJ 07430 617/692-6000 GML Information Services S-721 83 201/327-1123 Vasteras. Sweden Dontech Inc. 594 Marrett Rd. 021 / 10 -0000 Cherry Electrical Products Corp. 601 Airport Industrial Blvd. Lexington, MA 02173 3600 Sunset Ave. P.O. Box 889 617/861 -0515 Audiotronlcs Corp. Waukegan. IL 60085 Doylestown. PA 18901 Grid Systems Corp. 7428 Bellaire Ave. 3 12/662-9200 2 15/348-5010 P.O. Box 3997 2535 Garcia Ave. No. Hollywood. CA 9 1609 Chomerics Inc. Eagle Magnetic Co. Inc. Mt View. CA 94043 4 15/961-4800 8181765-2645 8 Commonwealth Ave. P.O. Box 24283 Woburn. MA 01888 Indianapolis. IN 46224 GTE Babcock Display Products 1-800-225-1936 3171297-1030 105 1 S. East St. 100 Endicott St. Danvers. MA 0 1923 Anaheim. CA 92805 EG&G Gamma Scientific Clifton Precision/Special Devices 617n77- 1900 714/491 -5110 5100 State Rd. 3TT7 Ruffin Rd. San Diego. CA 92123 Ball Electronic Systems Div. Drexel Hill. PA 19026 Hartman Systems 2 15/622-1718 619/279-8034 A Figgie International Company P.O. Box 589 360 Wolf Hill Rd. Broomfield. CO 80020 Clinton Electronics Corp. Electro-Plasma. Inc. Huntington Station. NY 11746 303/469-5511 6701 Clinton Rd. 4400 Martin-Moline Rd. 516/427-7500 Loves Park. IL 61111 Millbury. OH 43447 Bendix Corp. 419/838-7511 Hoya Optics Inc. Flight Systems Div. 815/633-1444 3400 Edison Way Teterboro. NJ 07608 Conrac Corp. Endicott Research Group Inc. Fremont. CA 94538-6138 201 1288-2000 3 Landmark Sq. 2601 Wayne St. Endicott NY 13760 41 5/490- 1880 Bidco. Inc. Stamford. CT 06901 2031348-2100 607n54-9187 Hughes Aircraft co. 8 Commercial St. P.O. Box 1042 Hicksville. NY 11801 Ford Aerospace and Control Interface Co. Ltd. El Segundo. CA 90245 516/433-0740 Optoelectronics Div. Com municatior.s Corp. WDL Div. 81 8/391-0711 cardion Electronics 21 Rt 10 3939 Fabian Way Hycom, Inc. Div. of General Signal Corp. East Hanover. NJ 07936 16841 Armstrong Ave. Long Island Expressway 201 /887-3222 Palo Alto. CA 94303 Woodbury. NY 11 797 41 5/326-4350 Irvine. CA 92714 Coming Glass Works 7 141261 -6224 5 16/921 -7300 Electronic Materials Dept Futaba Corp. MP21 -3 629 Oshiba IBM Corp. Corning. NY 14830 Mobara. Chlba 297. Japan Armonk. NY I 0504 607/974-7451 0475-24- 1111 914n65- 1900

June 1985 41 Sustaining Members

Philips Electronics Ltd. tmapro. Inc. Magnetic Radiation, Inc. Norden Division. West Royalty Industrial Park 92 N. lively Blvd. United Technologies Corp. 601 Milner Ave. Charlottetown. Prince Edward Elk Grove Village. ll 60007 100 Helen St. Scarborough. Ontario. Island. Canada C1 E 1BO 3121437-5200 Norwalk. CT 06856 Canada M1 B 1M8 203/852-4905 416/292-5161 Ext. 2567 9021892-8594 Mayertro Industrial Pte. Ltd. Industrial Electronic 40 Pandan Rd. OKI Electric Industry Co .. Ltd. Phosphor Products Co .. Ltd. Engineers. Inc. Singapore 2260. 550-5 Higashiasakawa-cho 27 Dawkins Rd .. Hamworthy 7740 Lemona Ave. Republic of Singapore Hachioji-shi Poole. Dorset BH154JB. UK Van Nuys. CA 91405 2643400 Toyko. 193. Japan 0202-677220 0426/63-1111 818n87-0311 Micro-Curl Photo Research Div. Interstate Electronics Corp. Display Technology Inc. Optical Coating Laboratory. Inc. Kollmorgen Corp. Display Product Operations 61 Wilton Rd. 2789 North Point Pkwy. 3000 N. Hollywood Way 1001 E. Ball Rd. Westport. CT 06880 Santa Rosa. CA 95407-7397 Burbank. CA 91505 Anaheim. CA 92803 203/226-0222 707/545-6440 818/843-61 00 714/635-7210 Mitsubishi Electronics Optical Radiation Corp. Photonics Technology America, Inc. 1300 Optical Dr. P.O. Box 432 ISE Electronics Corp. 991 Knox St. Azusa. CA 91702 luckey. OH 43443 P.O. Box 46 Torrance. CA 90502 818/969-3344 419/666-0033 lse. Mie. Japan 2131515-3993 Plessey Displays 0596/39-1111 Orwin Associates, Inc. NEC Electronics. Inc. 88 Seabro Ave. Station Rd. K & R Engrg Sales Corp. 401 Ellis St.. PO BOX 7241 Amityville. NY 11701 Addleston. Surrey. UK 354 Route 206 Mountain View. CA 94039 516/842-7177 0932-47282 Flanders. N.J. 07836 415/960-6041 2011584-5235 Ovonic Display System Inc. Plessey Optoelectronics Nederlandse 1896 Barrett St. Litton Systems Canada Ltd. • and Microwave Ltd. Philips Bedrijven B.V. Troy. Ml 48084 Wood Burcote Way 25 Cityview Or. PO Box 218 313/280-1900 Rexdale. Ontario. Canada M9W 5A7 Towcester. Northhants. 5600 MD Eindhoven Panelvision Corp. England NN 12 7 JN LXD. Inc. The Netherlands 265 Kappa Dr. 0327-51871 24500 Highpoint Rd. 31-40-79111 1 Pittsburgh. PA 15238 Cleveland. OH 44 122 4 121963-9635 216/292-3305 •utton Systems-Two Sustaining Memberships

0

Artistic Glass Products Company 215-536-0333 • TELEX 211089 (AGP UR) Trumbauersville, PA 18970-0051 ______Sustaining Members

PTK Div .. Emerson Electric Co. Thorn-Em! Brimar Ltd. UCE Liquid Crystal Displays Westinghouse Electric Corp. 1173 los Olivos Ave. Greenside Way Mtddleton. 24 Fitch St. Industrial & Government Tube Div. P.O. Box 6128 Manchester M24 1SN England Norwalk. CT 06855 Westinghouse Circle. los Osos. CA 93402 0611681-7072 203/838-7509 Horseheads. NY 14845 805/528-5858 607n95-33so Triumph-Adler AG Venus Scientific Inc. Quantum Dat a. Inc. Further Str. 212 399 Smith St. Zenith Electronics Corp. 455 E. Kehoe. Sutte 104 8500 Nurnberg. W. Germany Farmingdale. NY 17735 1000 Milwaukee Ave. Carol Stream. ll 60188 09111322-0 516/293-41 00 Glenview. II 60025 3 12/668-3301 3 12139 1-7657 Rank Electronic Tubes Ltd. Sidcup-By-Pass Sidcup. Kent. DA 14. 6 LZ England 011302-0271 Raytheon Co. Industrial Components Operation 465 Center St. Quincy. MA 02169 617/899-8400 RCA Laboratories David Sarnoff Research Center. Princeton. NJ 08540 609n34-2000 SAl Technology Co. 4060 Sorrento Valley Blvd. San Diego. CA 92121 619/452-9150 Sanders Associates. Inc. MER 15-1222 c.s. 2035 Nashua. NH 03061 603/885-3522 Slnger-Librascope Aerospace & Marine Systems Group 033 Sonora Ave. Glendale. CA 9 1201 818/245-8711 Sony Corp. 7-35 Kitashinagawa 6-chome Shinagawa-ku Tokyo. 141 Japan 03/493-3406 Stanford Resources. Inc. P.O. Box 20324 San Jose. CA 95160 408/448-4440 Sun-Flex Co .. Inc. 20 Pimentel Court Novato. CA 94947 415/883-1221 Synt ronlc Instruments. Inc. 100 Industrial Rd. Addison. IL 60101 3121543-6444 Tekt ronix. Inc. Information Display Products P.O. Box 500 Beaverton. OR 97007 503/644-0 161 Telmos. Inc. 740 Kifer Rd. Sunnyvale. CA 94086 40Bn32-4882 Texas Instruments, Inc. P.O. Box 225936. MS 1OS Dallas. TX 75265 214/238-4533 Thomas Electronics. Inc. 100 Riverview Dr. Wayne. NJ 07470 20 1/ 696-5200 Thomson-CSF Components Dumont Div. 550 Mount Pleasant Ave. Dover. NJ 07801 201 /328- 1400 Advertisers Index ______

Artistic Glass Products Co ...... 42 BUSINESS STAFF Eugenie L. Gray Bourbon Street Associates ...... 33 Publishing Director

CELCO (Constantine Engineering Labs. Co.) ...... 19, 21. 23, 25. Cover IV Leslie A. Saunders Stano Advertising Marketing Manager Cherry Display Products Corp ...... 42 Katherine S. Moorehead Kolb & Bauman Advertising Inc. Production Editor Business Office: 2121687-3836 Citronix Inc...... 14

Eagle Magnetic Co •...... 1 Owen & Owen. Inc. Hughes Aircraft Co ...... 12 REGIONAL SALES OFFICES Bernard Hodes Advertising New England Kaiser Electronics...... 4 The Boston Man Thompson Recruitment Advertising PO Box 207 Hingham. MA 02043 617/848-9306 Litton Electron Devices ...... 26 N. Wood Bonfield Associates New York. New Jersey Magnetic Radiation Laboratories, Inc...... 31 C. Lynn Coy & Associates Harrison Advertising Inc. 55 Forest Street Stamford. CT 06902 Microvision ...... 31 2031327-4626 Gunnel Bryer. Ted Taylor

Minolta Corp ...... : ...... 2 Mid Atlantic William Esty Co. Inc. C. Lynn Coy & Associates 336 King of Prussia Road Optical Radiation Corp ...... 6 Radnor. PA 19087 R.L. Thompson Advertising 215/687 9811 Nancy Hunter PCK Elastomerics Inc...... 30 Southeast C. Lynn Coy & Associates Photonics Technology Inc...... 32 55 Forest Street Stamford. CT 06902 Quantum Data ...... Cover II 203/327-4626 M.G. Walther Advertising AI Junge Raytheon Co ...... 3 Midwest Provandie & Chirurg Inc. C. Lynn Coy & Associates 3412 Main Street Skokie. IL 60076 Southwest Vacuum Devices Inc...... 8 312/673-8899 Owens & Associates AI Riefenberg

Special Purpose Technology Corp ...... 34 West Coast Ted Lucas Technology Transfer Institute ...... 37 P.O. Box 852 Cedar Glen. CA 92321 Tecknit...... Cover Ill 714/337-8889

Thomas Electronics Inc ...... 43 0 & L Advertising Thomson-CSF ...... 29 RECRUITMENT ADVERTISING Bazaine Publicite MetaData Inc. Villa Precision ...... 33 310 East 44th Street New York. NY 10017 Westinghouse Electric Corp ...... 13, 1 S 212/687-3836 Leslie A. Saunders Ketchum Advertising

Joseph A. MacDonald Editorial Director

44 Information Display

DEFLECTION ,~

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