Écologie De La Musique Techno : Subjectivité, Machines Et Territoires Urbains

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Écologie De La Musique Techno : Subjectivité, Machines Et Territoires Urbains UNIVERSITE PARIS VIII – SAINT DENIS École Doctorale Esthétique, Sciences et Technologies des Arts Doctorat d’esthétique, sciences et technologies des arts, spécialité arts plastiques et photographie (Paris 8) Doctorat en cotutelle UNIVERSITÀ ROMA LA SAPIENZA Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Ambientale Dottorato in Ingegneria dell’Architettura e dell’Urbanistica (La Sapienza) KOLIULIS ALESSIO Écologie de la musique techno : subjectivité, machines et territoires urbains. Pour une critique de l’esthétique techno à partir de Detroit et Londres. Thèse dirigée par : Roberto Barbanti (Paris 8) et Tiziana Villani (La Sapienza) Équipe : Théorie Expérimentation Arts Médias et Design TEAMeD / AIAC Soutenu le 7 décembre 2018 Jury : ATTILI Giovanni (DICEA, Roma La Sapienza) Examinateur BARBANTI Roberto (EDESTA, Paris 8) Directeur de thèse CELLAMARE Carlo (DICEA, Roma La Sapienza) Examinateur LUSSAC Olivier (Université de Lorraine) Examinateur SOLOMOS Makis (EDESTA, Paris 8) Examinateur VILLANI Tiziana (DICEA, Roma La Sapienza) Directrice de thèse Titre : Écologie de la musique techno : subjectivité, machines et territoires urbains. Pour une critique de l’esthétique techno à partir de Detroit et Londres. Abstrait : La musique électronique techno a connu un regain de succès depuis son essor mondial dans les années 1980 et 1990. Les discothèques, les usines désaffectées et les parcs urbains ne sont que quelques-uns des espaces où ce phénomène fusionne avec la ville. Parallèlement, la vie nocturne prend une place centrale au sein des nouvelles économies urbaines, en s’associant aux processus de gentrification. Au cours de cinq années de recherche entre Londres et plusieurs métropoles occidentales, dont Détroit et Berlin, nous avons pu constater une certaine affinité entre la musique techno et la question urbaine. L’observation participative et la mise en place d’un projet de recherche-action ont révélé que la musique techno s’impose en tant qu’élément esthétique à même de créer de nouveaux territoires. La valeur de ces espaces croît à mesure que les nouvelles technologies s’affirment, en transformant la techno en capital symbolique. Les politiques urbaines technocratiques exploitent ce capital pour accumuler du profit, tandis que les subjectivités qui s’en réapproprient au-delà des logiques commerciales créent un discours alternatif sur les possibilités de la technique, dans un conflit technologique entre politiques technocratiques et techno-politiques. À travers une lecture interdisciplinaire qui se réfère à l’écologie critique de Guattari sur la relation entre techno, technique et technologie, cette thèse entend identifier comment l’esthétique de la techno se pose en facteur de subjectivation de la modernité tardive. Cette étude pourra intéresser toutes les personnes qui évoluent dans les domaines de la musique électronique, de l’écologie sociale, de l’urbanisme et de l’esthétique. Mots-clés : Culture Techno, Écologie Sociale, Capitalisme Cognitif, Territoires Urbains, Détroit, Londres 3 Title: The ecology of techno music: subjectivities, machines and urban territories. A critique of techno aesthetics from Detroit to London. Abstract: Electronic and techno music have experienced a new wave of success after the global explosion of the 1980s and 1990s. Clubs, abandoned factories and urban parks are just some of the spaces in which this phenomenon merges with the city. At the same time, nightlife activities play an important role for new urban economies, often contributing to gentrification processes. During five years of research between London and other cities including Detroit and Berlin, a relationship of affinity between techno music and the urban theme emerged. From participant observation to the collection of interviews, from the analysis of materials to a multimedia research-action project, this study interprets techno music as an aesthetic element that creates urban and virtual territories. The value of these social spaces grows with the emergence of new technologies, making techno the symbolic capital of technoculture. Technocratic policies use this capital to accumulate profit, while those subjectivities that regain possession of techno outside market-led business models contribute to the production of an alternative discourse on the possibilities of technology. This contrast results in a conflict within the technological, between “technocratic policies” and “techno-politics”. With an interdisciplinary approach rooted in Guattari’s social ecology of the links between techno, technics and technology, this thesis seeks to identify the ways in which techno aesthetic functions as a component of subjectivation. The work can interest those doing research in the fields of electronic music, ecology, urban studies and aesthetics. Keywords: Technoculture, Social Ecology, Cognitive Capitalism, Urban Territories, Detroit, London 4 Notes et Remerciements Notes sur la collecte de données Le processus de collecte de données a supposé l’emploi de plusieurs matériaux et moyens. La recherche a été en partie de nature ethnographique, dans la mesure où j’ai observé et pris part à plus d’une centaine d’événements, soirées, expositions et festivals connectés liés au monde de la musique techno, en particulier à Londres, Detroit et Berlin notamment, et j’ai développé des liens avec d’autres villes telles que Paris, Milan et Athènes. J’ai mené des interviews, dont certaines ont été publiées sur diverses plateformes. Il est possible de consulter une sélection de ces interviews qui est fournie en annexe au terme de cette thèse. L’observation participative de type ethnographique et les interviews ont constitué les fondements de mes recherches. La collecte de matériaux académiques, journalistiques et de secteur a été menée à la suite d’un travail de recherche documentaire (recherche de deuxième niveau ou desk research). Je tiens à décerner une mention particulière au magazine Dancecult : Journal of Electronic Dance Music Culture, un magazine périodique académique dont la spécialité est la musique électronique, qui m’a permis d’explorer la plupart des sujets ayant trait à la techno. En outre, certains séminaires ont contribué au développement critique de la relation entre urbain et sonore, en particulier les séminaires du groupe de recherche Millepiani sur l’écologie politique, les séminaires de recherche transdisciplinaire de l’école EDESTA (Paris 8) intitulés « Art, Écologie, et Complexité », ainsi que les séminaires, les conférences et les initiatives du laboratoire UCL Urban Lab et notamment le projet LGBTQ+ nightlife spaces in London. La partie expérimentale des recherches s’articule autour d’une réflexion sur l’exposition « Techno and the City. Is there such a thing as Techno Art ? », une exposition que j’ai organisée avec le groupe Techno&Philosophy, dont je fais partie. Cette exposition n’aurait pas été possible sans l’aide précieuse des artistes et des musiciens qui y ont participé et sans ma rencontre avec Hillegonda Rietveld, la coordinatrice du Sonic Research Group (London South Bank University) et l’auteur de plusieurs textes fondamentaux sur l’histoire et l’analyse de la musique électronique, qui m’a fourni de nombreuses références et de nombreux conseils bibliographiques concernant le domaine des études sonores (sonic studies). 6 Notes bibliographiques Il a été décidé de mettre les notes en bas de page au lieu de les placer dans le texte, en choisissant le format bibliographique Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition (full note), configuré avec le logiciel Zotero pour la langue française. Etant donné la nature du doctorat réalisé en cotutelle et les diverses langues des ressources bibliographiques réunies, j’ai décidé, dans la mesure du possible, de conserver la langue originale des références. Pour les ouvrages rédigés dans des langues autres que l’italien, le français et l’anglais, j’ai en général indiqué l’édition en langue italienne. Par exemple, dans le cas de l’ouvrage Masse und Macht de Canetti, dont l’édition originale est en allemand, j’ai mentionné l’édition italienne publiée par Adelphi : Canetti Elias. Massa e potere. (Milan, Adelphi, 2016). Toutefois, pour certains essais contemporains écrits dans des langues différentes de celles mentionnées ci- dessus, j’ai indiqué l’édition anglaise des ouvrages. La thèse comporte également des textes publiés par d’autres éditeurs. Dans le premier chapitre on trouve les extraits de trois publications. • Kolioulis, Alessio. « Of Drones and Angels. GAIKA’s Sonic Images of Urban Resistance. » Mediapolis : Journal of Cities and Culture 2, no. 3 (2017). • Kolioulis, Alessio. « Fantasmagorica. » Millepiani Urban 6, (2014). • Kolioulis, Alessio. « ‘londonunderlondon’ by Mark Fisher and Justin Barton Review | ‘Future Over Future » engagée Blog, 20 septembre 2017. Le deuxième chapitre comprend un rapport présenté à la Retreat Guattari et inclus dans une collecte de textes en phase de publication. • Kolioulis, Alessio. « Politicizzare il suono. Note su musica e soggettività in Guattari » in Retreat Guattari, (Greve in Chianti, Florence : Quaderni di Testalepre, 2018). Le troisième chapitre comprend deux ouvrages publiés en anglais. Le premier est un chapitre sur Detroit écrit en collaboration avec Hillegonda Rietveld. La thèse ne contient que les parties du chapitre que j’ai écrites. Le deuxième texte est un article écrit pour le magazine Dancecult et publié en 2015, dont j’ai repris un extrait dans le quatrième chapitre. • Kolioulis, Alessio et Rietveld, Hillegonda. « Detroit : Techno City
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