EMERGENCY NUTRITION QUARTERLY BULLETIN (First Quarter 2007) Emergency Nutrition Coordination Unit Early Warning Department (Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Agency) INSIDE AMHARA REGION KALU & DESSIE ZURIA WOREDAS Page 2 HARARE REGION SOFI & ERER WOREDAS Page 3 SOMALI REGION DOLO BAY & DOLO ADO WOREDAS Page 4 A total of 12 nutrition surveys conducted between late December 2006 and early March 2007 are presented in this bulletin. Eleven surveys were carried OROMIA REGION out in cropping areas of Amhara, Harare, Oromia and SNNPR during the FEDIS WOREDA meher post-harvest season while the remaining one was conducted in the Page 5 pastoral area of Somali region. The prevalence of global acute malnutrition SNNP REGION was found to be below 10 % in all cropping woredas but one, i.e. Dessie Zuria with 16% GAM, and above 20% in the surveyed pastoral area. The overall HULLA & BORICHA WOREDAS good nutrition status in the cropping areas confirmed the food security findings Page 6 whereby the 2006 meher harvest was reported to be generally good. In con- DUNA WOREDA trast, the nutrition status in the pastoral population seemed to be little influ- Page 7 enced by the food security situation and remained very poor (when defined by the weight-for-height indicator) in spite of the good performance of the 2006 HUMBO & SODO ZURIA WOREDAS Page 8 deyr rains. MIRAB ABAYA & BOREDA ABAYA WOREDAS Nutrition Survey Results - Ethiopia Page 9 January - March 2007 SURVEY DATA QUALITY CONTROL Page 11 25 NUTRITION SURVEY DATABASE 20 Page 13 15 10 5 0 Prevalence of acute malnutrition (%) ENCU/DPPA Duna Fedis Kalu Hulla Boreda Humbo Boricha Addis Ababa Sodo Zuria Sofi & Erer Mirab Abaya Dessie Zuria Tel. (011) 5 523556 Dolo Ado/Bay e-mail:[email protected] http://www.dppc.gov.et Severe Acute Malnutrition Moderate Acute Malnutrition ENCU March 31, 2007 Page 1 AMHARA REGION SOUTH WOLLO ZONE from 6% to 17% in Kalu, and from 10% to 18% in Dessie Zuria, with 2002/03 Kalu and Dessie Zuria Woredas being the worst year in terms of nutrition status in both woredas. Over the past 6 Two nutrition surveys were conducted in years the level of malnutrition in Dessie Kalu and Dessie Zuria in January as part Zuria was above the NSP baseline of the regular monitoring of Concern ranges in all seasons surveyed and project areas. The SMART method was remained above 10% in spite of a sub- used for the planning phase, resulting in stantial percentage of the population sampling 38 clusters of 23 children in receiving food aid and/or PSNP. In Kalu Kalu and 31 clusters of 23 children in malnutrition levels were also higher than Dessie Zuria. the NSP range over the past 6 years, except for the post harvest season 04- Nutrition: The prevalence of global 05, again in spite of ongoing food aid acute malnutrition was estimated at and PSNP. The prevalence of GAM for 7.7% with 0.1% SAM in Kalu and at January 2007 was above the NSP base- 16.2% with 1.4% SAM in Dessie Zuria. A line of 5.8-7.8% for post-harvest (Dec- total of 16 surveys have been conducted Feb) in DZ while it was comparable to over the past 6 years in each woreda. the NSP baseline in Kalu. The prevalence of global acute malnutri- tion ranged over seasons and years Comparison of malnutrition levels between Dessie Zuria /Kalu and NSP baseline 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 % Acute Malnutrition Acute % 6 4 2 0 LB 00 K 00 EB 01 LB 01 PH 01/02 LB 02 PH 02/03 EB 03 LB 03 K 03 EB 04 LB 04 PH 04/05 LB 05 PH 05/06 LB 06 PH 07 ENCU Kalu and Dessie Zuria Upper NSP Dessie Zuria Kalu Lower NSP Woredas Health: The crude mortality rate was coverage was at 73% in Kalu and 61% The nutrition situation was 0.06 and 0.36 deaths/10,000/day in Kalu in DZ falling under similar ranges as in typical in Kalu with 7.7% GAM and Dessie Zuria respectively while the the previous surveys with 73% in Kalu while it was rated as serious in under-five mortality rate was estimated and 58% in DZ. Dessie Zuria with 16.2% at 0.34 deaths/10,000/day in each wore- GAM. The poor nutrition and da. Retrospective morbidity was low with Food Security: Kalu woreda, because food security in Dessie Zuria 10% in Kalu and 14% in DZ. Measles of its high proportion of lowlands and was a matter of concern, as (by card and recall) and vitamin A cover- low-midlands, is predominantly depen- the next significant harvest age was estimated at 93% and 97% in dant on kremt rains (Aug.-Sept.) to sup- was not due before June/July Kalu, and at 90% and 94% in DZ. These port meher crops harvested from in the areas benefiting from results were very similar to those of the November to December. In higher areas belg and not before previous survey conducted in July/Aug of the woreda belg crops (oat, barley November/December in the 2006 where measles and vitamin A cov- and wheat) are also cultivated and har- predominantly meher-depen- erage was estimated at 92% and 97% in vested in June/July. In contrast, Dessie dant area. Kalu, and at 85% and 91% in DZ. BCG ENCU March 31, 2007 Page 2 Zuria woreda, because of its high pro- Conclusion: The nutrition situation was portion of high- and mid-lands, is both typical for this time of the year in Kalu dependant on belg (Jan.-Feb.) and with 7.7% GAM while it was rated as kremt rains to support belg and meher serious in Dessie Zuria with 16.2% crops harvested in June/July and GAM. The surveys had been conducted November/January respectively. There after the main harvesting season when is also a significant proportion of the the malnutrition rates are expected to population who is solely belg depen- be at the lowest due to improved dant and hence at great risk of food access to food. The poor nutrition and insecurity. In Kalu, the 2006 meher har- food security in Dessie Zuria was a mat- vest was reported to be good due to ter of concern, as the next significant evenly distributed kremt rains, harvest was not due before June/July in improved crop management and pest the areas benefiting from belg and not control. Water and pasture availability before November/December in the pre- and livestock condition were also dominantly meher-dependant area. It reported as good in the whole woreda. was recommended to ensure that the In Dessie Zuria, the 2006 meher har- EOS/TSFP distribution was timely, i.e. a vest was rated as poor, mostly due to maximum of 3 weeks after the screen- untimely and unevenly distributed kremt ing as par the TSFP guideline, and to rains while livestock condition was consider monthly distribution instead of reported as good due to adequate every 3 months in order to prevent fur- water and pasture availability and ther deterioration of the children nutri- absence of disease. tion status. HARARE REGION Sofi and Erer Woredas A standard 30 x 30 cluster survey was gap lasts about 4 months from June to conducted by DPPA/B in Sofi and Erer in September and copying strategies at February. this time of the year includes sale of fire- wood, charcoal and labor. The 2006 Nutrition: The prevalence of global meher production was reported to be acute malnutrition was estimated at good due to favorable wheather condi- 4.9% with 0.3% severe malnutrition. No tion with regard to the onset, amount, cases of oedema were observed. No distribution and cessation of the rains. baseline data were available for these The livestock condition was also rated woredas. as good due to availability of water and pasture and absence of major diseases. Health: The crude and under five mor- tality rates were estimated at 0.05 and Conclusion: The nutrition situation with 0.10 deaths/10,000/day respectively 4.9% GAM was found to be typical for while retrospective morbidity was low at the post harvest period, when acute ENCU 9%. Measles vaccination (by card and malnutrition is expected to be at its low- recall) and vitamin A supplementation est. Prospect for food security in the were estimated at 92% and 76% respec- coming months was expected to be nor- tively with a BCG coverage of 74%. mal and usual coping mechanisms to fill Sofi and Erer the food gap during the traditional Woreda Food Security: The main livelihood of hunger period. Sofi and Erer is rain-fed agriculture com- The nutrition situation with plemented by subsidiary livestock rear- 4.9% GAM was found to be ing. The woredas are described as sole- typical for the post harvest ly meher harvest dependant. Belg rains period. Prospect for food stretch from mid-march to mid-June fol- security in the coming months lowed by kremt rains until mid- was expected to be normal September. The main food crop is and usual coping mechanisms sorghum while the main cash crop is to fill the food gap during the chat in the midland areas and ground- traditional hunger period. nuts in the lowland areas. The hunger ENCU March 31, 2007 Page 3 SOMALI REGION AFDER AND LIBEN ZONE tion, though diseases were reported amongst goats and camels. It was noted Dolo Bay and Dolo Ado Woredas that compared to the same season last year the deaths of animals had signifi- A 25 x 40 cluster survey was conducted cantly decreased whereas the price of by Save the Children-US in Dolo Ado livestock had increased and the cereal and Dolo Bay at the end of February as prices had decreased resulting in favor- an end line survey before handing over able terms of trade.