Pedro El Católico, Rey De Aragón Y Conde De Barcelona (1196-1213) Documentos, Testimonios Y Memoria Histórica

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Pedro El Católico, Rey De Aragón Y Conde De Barcelona (1196-1213) Documentos, Testimonios Y Memoria Histórica MARTÍN ALVIRA CABRER Pedro el Católico, Rey de Aragón y Conde de Barcelona (1196-1213) Documentos, Testimonios y Memoria Histórica Tomo I F U E N T E S H I S T Ó R I C A S A R A G O N E S A S 52 INSTITUCIÓN «FERNANDO EL CATÓLICO» (C. S. I. C.) Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza FUENTES HISTÓRICAS ARAGONESAS 52 MARTÍN ALVIRA CABRER con la transcripción del Estudio diplomático, la Regesta y el Apéndice documental de la Tesis Doctoral (1932) de M.ª ÁFRICA IBARRA Y OROz (†) Pedro el Católico, Rey de Aragón y Conde de Barcelona (1196-1213) Documentos, Testimonios y Memoria Histórica TOMO I INSTITUCIÓN «FERNANDO EL CATÓLICO» (C. S. I. C.) Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza Zaragoza, 2010 Publicación número 2.973 de la Institución «Fernando el Católico» (Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza) Plaza de España, 2. 50071 ZARAGOZA Tff: [34] 976 - 28 88 78/79 - Fax: [34] 976 28 88 69 [email protected] http://ifc.dpz.es © El autor, Martín Alvira Cabrer. © De la presente edición, Institución «Fernando el Católico». I.S.B.N.: 978-84-9911-066-0 Producción gráfica: A + D arte digital, S. L. Zaragoza IMPRESO EN ESPAÑA - UNIÓN EUROPEA «Allí, en el nicho de enfrente, yace aquel monarca generoso hasta la prodigalidad, aquel caballero valiente hasta la temeridad y enamorado hasta la locura; culpable con su madre de ingratitudes, con su esposa de infidelidades, con sus súbditos de gravámenes y dilapidaciones, y sin embargo amado con entusiasmo en su casa y en su reino.» José María QUADRADO, Recuerdos y Bellezas de España. «Aragón», s. l., 1844, cap. II, «Monasterio de Sijena», p. 96. INTRODUCCIÓN GÉNESIS En octubre de 1996, durante mi primera estancia de estudios en el sur de Francia, tuve ocasión de conocer al profesor Pierre Bonnassie en su despacho de la Université Toulouse-Le Mirail. Cuando le comenté que estaba investigando sobre las batallas de Las Navas de Tolosa y Muret, me respondió rápidamente: «Así que su tema de trabajo es el rey Pedro II». Confieso que entonces, centrado como estaba en una investigación «évé- nementielle», no comprendí bien el significado de estas palabras. El tiem- po, sin embargo, ha acabado dando la razón a esa capacidad de ver más allá que sólo poseen los grandes maestros.1 La historia de este trabajo, como casi todas, no ha sido tan lineal como apuntaban las palabras del profesor Bonnassie. Arranca, en efecto, de la elaboración de mi tesis doctoral.2 Investigando sobre la batalla de Muret, el ordenador de la Biblioteca de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid me dio a conocer una antigua tesis inédita sobre el rey Pedro el Católico. Realizada en 1932 en la vieja Univer- sidad Central, se titulaba Estudio diplomático de Pedro el Católico, Rey de Ara- gón y Conde de Barcelona (1196-1213) y su autora era María África Ibarra y Oroz (Depósito de Tesis, sign. T-5717). Lo más sorprendente de este trabajo es que no hubiera sido manejado por ningún especialista moderno. Citado por primera vez en el estudio que Manuel Ballesteros dedicara al arzobispo de Toledo Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada en 1936,3 fue la propia autora quien casi treinta años después dio 1 Dos días después de redactar estas líneas recibí la triste noticia del fallecimiento del Prof. Bonnassie, a cuyo duelo me sumo. 2 ALVIRA CABRER, M., Guerra e ideología en la España medieval: Cultura y actitudes históri- cas ante el giro de principios del siglos XIII –Batallas de Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) y Muret (1213)–, 2 t., Tesis Doctoral, dir. Emilio Mitre Fernández, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 2000, Edición en CD-Rom, Madrid, Servicio de Publicaciones de la Univ. Complutense de Madrid, 2003. 3 BALLESTEROS, M., Don Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, Barcelona, 1936, p. 24, n. 2. 9 Martín Alvira Cabrer a conocer una parte del mismo en el VII Congreso de Historia de la Coro- na de Aragón, celebrado en Barcelona en 1962.4 Tras casi otros quince años, fue nuevamente mencionado por Antonio Ubieto Arteta en la pre- sentación del primer volumen de los Documentos de Jaime I de Aragón de Ambrosio Huici Miranda y M.ª Desamparados Cabanes Pecourt. Las pala- bras del profesor Ubieto ponían ya el acento en el interés de este trabajo: «Doña María África Ibarra preparó la [colección diplomática] del rey Pedro II (1196-1213), sirviéndole de tesis doctoral. Pero tampoco la ha publicado, resultando imprescindible su edición y consulta».5 En 1978, el Repertorio de Medievalismo Hispánico mencionaba a la autora y un Itinerario, regesta y estudio diplomático de Pedro el Católico, Rey de Aragón y Conde de Barce- lona (1196-1213) en preparación.6 Antonio Ubieto aludió de nuevo a esta futura publicación en 1983.7 Esta noticia sería citada dos años más tarde por el norteamericano Robert I. Burns en uno de sus trabajos sobre la documentación del reino de Valencia.8 Más allá de estas breves menciones, la tesis doctoral de M.ª África Ibarra ha sido desconocida o ignorada por todos los demás estudiosos, tanto españoles como extranjeros, que han escrito sobre Pedro el Católico (F. Soldevila, J. Ventura, M. Roquebert, J.M.ª Lacarra, B. Palacios, T.N. Bisson, etc.). Este desconocimiento explica que, en 1988, Luis González Antón asegurara que «el reinado entero está todavía falto de trabajos de investigación».9 Reconozcamos que esta ignorancia tiene causas profundas. La primera –como decía González Antón– es el abandono que el reinado de Pedro el Católico ha experimentado durante muchos años.10 He aquí una de las grandes originalidades –«desperdiciadas» habría que decir– del trabajo de Ibarra. La segunda, aunque no menor, es el hecho de que esta tesis perma- neciera inédita, lo que ha hecho difícil su acceso a los especialistas. Sea 4 Véase n. 26. 5 HUICI MIRANDA, A. y CABANES PECOURT, Mª.D. (eds.), Documentos de Jaime I de Aragón. I. 1216-1236, «Textos Medievales», 49, Valencia, Anubar, 1976, p. 6. 6 SÁEZ, E. y ROSSELL, M., Repertorio de Medievalismo Hispánico (1955-1975), Barcelona, El Albir, 1978, n.º 2.489, p. 275. 7 Refiriéndose a los últimos tenentes aragoneses, decía que aparecían «en la documen- tación real en 1206, si bien podrá retrasarse la fecha unos pocos años cuando se publique la colección diplomática de Pedro II», UBIETO ARTETA, An., Historia de Aragón. Divisiones admi- nistrativas, Zaragoza, Anubar, 1983, p. 8. 8 BURNS, R.I., Diplomatarium of the Crusader Kingdom of Valencia: The Registered Charters of its Conqueror Jaime I: 1257-1276, 2 vols., I. Introduction: Society and Documentation in Crusader Valencia, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1985, p. 16, n. 3. 9 GONZÁLEZ ANTÓN, «La consolidación de la Corona de Aragón. I. De Alfonso II a Jai- me I», ed. L. GONZÁLEZ ANTÓN, R. FERRER y P. CATEURA, La consolidación de la Corona de Ara- gón, IV, Barcelona-Zaragoza, Aragó, 1988, pp. 12-99, esp. p. 49. 10 Sobre esta cuestión, véase ALVIRA CABRER, M., El Jueves de Muret. 12 de Septiembre de 1213, Barcelona, Univ. de Barcelona, 2002, pp. 410-416. 10 Pedro el Católico, Rey de Aragón y Conde de Barcelona (1196-1213) como fuere, desde el primer momento pensé que la sistemática ignorancia de la tesis de Ibarra, durante décadas la única dedicada en España al rey Pedro el Católico, era una pérdida lamentable. Al terminar mi tesis doctoral, después de dedicar muchas horas al estu- dio de las dos grandes batallas que librara este monarca catalano-aragonés, me encontraba en condiciones de abordar una posible edición revisada de este trabajo. La idea era completar y actualizar las fuentes documentales aportadas por Ibarra, añadiendo los textos de todas las fuentes histórico- literarias medievales que había manejado en mi tesis sobre Las Navas de Tolosa y Muret, así como un elenco de citas extraídas de los estudios modernos y contemporáneos que han conformado la memoria histórica de este rey entre el siglo XVI y nuestros días.11 El objetivo principal: presen- tar todas las fuentes relativas a Pedro el Católico para tratar de llenar, en la medida de lo posible, el tradicional vacío documental que han sufrido tan- to este personaje como su reinado. Un objetivo secundario: reunir en un único trabajo todas las fuentes documentales y narrativas de las batallas de Las Navas de Tolosa y Muret. Los primeros pasos se dieron en septiembre de 2000, si bien el proyec- to comenzó a ponerse en marcha a raíz de la concesión en 2001, por parte de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, de una Ayuda Postdoctoral en el Extranjero. El lugar elegido para el desarrollo de la investigación fue el Centre d´Études Cathares / René Nelli de Carcassonne (Francia), en el que ya había trabajado en los años 1996 y 1998. Solucionada la parte logística, el problema mayor era tener acceso directo al texto y, sobre todo, adquirir los permisos para su manejo y edi- ción. El Servicio de Tesis Doctorales de la Biblioteca de la Universidad Complutense me hizo saber que necesitaba un permiso del autor o de sus herederos legales. M.ª África Ibarra fue durante muchos años Directora de la Biblioteca de la Real Academia de la Historia. Por una necrológica publicada en el Boletín supe que había fallecido en 1996.12 No tuvo des- cendencia, lo que dificultaba la localización de sus familiares. Tampoco encontré ninguna esquela. En la Biblioteca de la Academia, la biblioteca- ria Asunción Miralles de Imperial me dio un dato que al final se revelaría definitivo. M.ª África Ibarra tenía sobrinos y su funeral se había celebrado en la iglesia del Colegio Marianista de Santa María del Pilar, en la Colonia del Niño Jesús de Madrid, pues uno de sus sobrinos era marianista.
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