Build the TVT-6: a Low-Cost DIRECT VIDEO DISPLAY

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Build the TVT-6: a Low-Cost DIRECT VIDEO DISPLAY Build the TVT-6: ' A Low-Cost '· '· ' ' ' '· '· '· DIRECT VIDEO PARTI DISPLAY $35 microcomputer ''add-on'' provides: • User-selectable line lengths • Scrolling • Up to 4k on-screen characters with only 3-MHz bandwidth BY DON LANCASTER The TVT-6 connected to a KIM-1. ADDRESS 02 CLOCK -+------------. hanks to some software tricks, a simple and low-cost add-on circuit, T BIT 7 TV OUTPUT and a new way to speed up a micro­ IJ2) processor, you can now build a video in­ terface for your microcomputer for an in­ BITS 11)- 6 vestment of only $20 to $35. The TVT-6 video system described here permits the choice of virtually any format including 16/32 (16 lines of 32 characters), 16/64, DECODE ENABLE or 32/64. It also features full editing ca­ CS SOURCE pability and full-performance cursor. Al5 Al4 In spite of its simplicity (10 low-cost Al3 IC's), the circuit employs a new ap­ Al2 proach to video processing that permits All up to 4000 characters to be displayed on-screen within a 3-MHz bandwidth. Al­ though the TVT-6 was designed for the A5 A4 .,_ -. 6502 microprocessor based KIM-1, soft­ R/W A3 - . ' --·- �- - ; ware can be used to easily map into the A2 �-; - JOLT, EBKA, or Ohio Scientific mi­ Al ·-: ��... ·- :.� crocomputers. In addition, the TVT-6 can be adapted to other microproces­ DATA BUS TVT-6 sors, including the popular 6800, 8080, KIM-I OR OTHER and ZSO, It is easiest to use with 16- MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEM address-line systems that operate on a Fig. 1. TVT-6 block diagram single 5-volt supply and 1-µs cycle time. and truth table for the PROM. JULY 1977 47 www.americanradiohistorv.com { I GND GND 2 GND { PIN 7 OF IC2-IC6,IC9, ICIO � �� PIN 8 OF ICI, ICS PIN 10 OF IC7 SPARES 5 NC I-MHz CLOCK 6 VCL-+-FIG4 @ 7 VD7------------� 8 VD6 NC 10 24 II 12 6 15 22 9 VD5--------------'---'=i � 21 4 9 � 6� 10 VD4 --------------;.--"'i FIG'4© �i�5�� 20 5 14 II VD3 -------------'---'=i IC7 ICS Rl3 ---- ----------'--'-'"I1 9 6 3 4.7 K 12 vD2-------------'---"'-t 2513 74165 +5\' 13 VDI 18 7 4 17 8 5 ::r:: 14 vD0---------------'--'-'-! cs 33pF 14 2 I LOAD FIG4 ® CLOCK � =TEST POINT FIG4 @) GND:GROUND D5 RV:RAW VIDEO (ENHANCED) IN4148 CV: COMPOSITE VIDEO VR: VERTICAL RATE HR: HORIZONTAL RATE DISPLAY MEMORY 15 CSI------'----. cs 1s cso------'---. R8 Fig. 2. Parallel outputs { :: ::� 4.7K ����� --------' from character generator AD •=40 11 (IC5) IC7 are converted into 20 Al3-----------'-------� * = 74LS08 (IC6) serial dcita in ICB. l ® +5V � �FIG3 Pa1·ts of IC5 and IC6 HR forn gating circuits. F I G3 © Other systems will require software and microprogramming translation for their particular machine languages. In this first of a two-part article, we will cover the hardware and construction de­ tails for the TVT-6. Next month, we will •= IC2, 74LSOO cover debugging, some useful software FIG4 for the system, and provide instructions J 21 Al4 LENGTH I on how to couple the TVT-6 to other mi­ I J 22 Al5 +5V 15 64 32 croprocessors. 14 ADDRESS 23 A5 13 LINES 24 A4 (0,6-10 12 ICI NOT USED) 25 A3 Circuit Operation. A block diagram II 5610 26 A2 of the TVT-6. as used with the KIM-1 10 27 Al system, is shown in Fig. 1. The complete schematic diagram of the video system 28 DB7 29 DBS is shown in Figs. 2 through 4. 30 DB5 As shown in Fig. 1. bits through 6 31 084 <I> DATA from the "upstream tap" on the KIM dis­ SUS 32 DB3 play memory drive character generator 33 D82 /C7 whose blanking and formatting are 34 DBI 35 DB0 helped along by the AND gates in /C6. £ +5V The cursor bit (bit 7) is stripped off the +5V,.2A 36 +5V--- �----� ----+-P I N 14 OF IC2-IC6,IC9,ICIO _L___ ...._ _L __ PIN 16 OF ICI, IC8 upstream tap and routed to cursor blink­ L �._ ;r PIN 24 OF IC7 Cll-;:r-I Cl2! Cl3i er /CS, which introduces a blinking cur­ .lµF .1 µ .1µF _ _... sor into the character generator's enable input. Fig. 3. New SCAN instruction uses PROM ICl, which The parallel outputs from /C7 go to also has the line length option in its circuit. 48 POPULAR ELECTRONICS www.americanradiohistorv.com +5V 8 R7 220fl R5 22K R6 22K 6 Rl8 2.2K CIO 240 pF �t--11 1 ....._,WAYW-- 1 IOOK :M Rl4 Rl7 2.2K �os'N *: IC9,74LS32 •=IC4,74LS04 cs cb lI: H ::::r:: FIG2 FIG3 FIG3 .047µF Fig. 4. Video combiner (IC10), offset generator (Ql) and sync deluy circuits deliver video to TV. Gated clock (IC4) controls parallel-to-serial converter. CI, C7--0.0l-µF Mylar capacitor PARTS LIST R11 -100 ohms C2-120-pF polystyrene capacitor R12-1 ilOO ohms C3. C 11. C 12. C13--0. l-µF Mylar capacitor R14.R 15-100,000-ohm pc-type (upright) po­ C4-l 50-pF polystyrene capacitor ICS-74165 PISO shift register tc'ntiometcr C5-2200-pF polystyrene or Mylar capacitor IC9-74LS32 quad OR gate IC Misc.-Sockets for !C's (seven 14-pin, two C&-33-pF polystyrene capacitor IC 10--4066 quad analog switch IC 16-pin. one 24-pin); 36-contact edge con­ C8--0.ll47-µF Mylar capacitor J 1. J2-Pc-mount phono jack (Molex No. nector with 0. 156" centers (Amphenol 2 25 C9-330-pF polystyrene capacitor 15-2 4-2181 or similar) or similar): solid hook-up wire for jumpers: CI 0--2.W-pF polystyrene capacitor Q 1-2N44()2 or MPS6523 (Motorola) transis­ insulated sleeving; test-point terminals (5); DI through D5-IN 4148 silicon diode tor solder: etc. ICl-IM5610 32x8 PROM (or similar) The' following resistors are \!.i wall, 10% toler- IC2-74LSOO quad tri-state NAND gate IC anc�: Note: The following items are available from IC3--4013 dual-D flip-flopIC RI, RI 0--470 ohms PAIA Electronics, Box 14359, Oklahoma IC4-74LS04 hex inverter IC R2-10.000 ohms City. OK 73114: No. PVI-1 PC printed cir­ IC5--401 I quad NAND gate IC R3.R7-220 ohms cuit board for $5.95; complete kit of all IC6-74LS08 quad AND gate IC R4.R 16,R 17,RIS-2200 ohms pans. No. PVl-1K, for $34.95 (specify IC7-25I 3 character generator (must be sin­ R5.R&-22,000 ohms hlank or KIM-I programmed /Cl); KIM-I gle-supply type. such as General Instru­ R8,R13.R 19---4700ohms coded casselle. with programs, No. PVI­ ments No. R0-3-2513) R9-2.2 megohms ICC, for $5.00. All prices postpaid. shift register /CB, where they are con­ The serial video from /CB goes to the The vertical and horizontal timing sig­ verted into a serial video signal. The TV Bandwidth Compensator in /C9, nals from JC2 in the gating circuit are de­ clock and load commands for /CB come which predistorts the video by delaying layed by /C3. The display positioning from gated oscillator /C4, which derives the video output and OR'ing it against it­ can be varied by potentiometers R14 its signals from the microcomputer's self. This widens the vertical portions of and R15. The vertical and horizontal clock. It is important that the correct all characters to generate clean and sync signals are combined with the en­ clock phase be selected to permit the crisp characters that require minimum hanced video from IC9 into video com­ loading of /CB to occur when the output bandwidth. The amount of widening is biner JC10. The output from JC10, avail­ of the character generator is valid and determined by C2 (Fig. 4). The optimum able at J1, is composite video, with the settled. This is phase 2 in the KIM-1. (If value of C2 is obtained when the gener­ sync tips at ground, black at 0.4 volt, and you are using a different µP based com­ ated M or W in the video display just white at 1.6 volts. This output can be puter, check this detail.) barely closes. used to drive conventional video moni- JULY 1977 49 www.americanradiohistorv.com tors and converted TV receivers. The video output from IC10 is also fed to 01, which is offset to deliver a +4-volt output for the white level. This output, available at J2, can be connected directly to the first video amplifier of most transformer­ powered solid-state TV receivers (see box for details) without requiring biasing, coupling, or translation circuits. Two options are provided with the TVT-6, both of which are jumper select­ ed The LENGTH option allows a choice of either 32 or 64 characters/line. The CURSOR option gives the choice of either no cursor or allows the cursor to be dis­ played under software control. Construction. The actual-size etch­ ing and drilling guide for the printed cir­ cuit board used in the TVT-6 is shown in Fig. 5, along with the component-instal­ lation diagram. Start assembly by install­ ing and soldering into place the 21 jump­ ers and test points. (Note that insulated sleeving must be used on two of the long junpers.) Install the IC sockets, resis­ tors, capacitors, diodes, jacks, and posi­ tion controls R14 and R15. Do not install the IC's at this time. The correct IC in­ stallation sequence and the waveforms to be observed will be discussed in Part 2 next month.
Recommended publications
  • Introduction Mainframes
    LL I I I I Introduction . 11.. V ZI i ..O. There is little question that the current enthusiasm in personal computing was catalyzed by the introduction of the MITS Altair computer kit in January 1975. This computer kit demonstrated by its cost (originally less than $400) that individuals could now afford a computer. And by its design the Altair established a standard bus structure for the personal computing industry. Less than six months after MITS announced the Altair computer, other manufacturers were announcing com- patible memory boards, interface boards, and peripherals. Within the year bus-compatible mainframes were also introduced. Today over 50 manufacturers support what is known as the Standard 100 or S-100 bus derived from the 100-wire bus used in the original Altair computer. Over 20,000 mainframes using the S-100 bus are now in the field. One key reason for the rapid growth of the personal computer industry can be found in the widespread adoption of a standard microcomputer bus. A second key reason can be found in the design innovations in mainframes, memories, and I/O interfaces designed for the S-100 bus. Figure 1. The basic personal computer can accept a number of standard 5" x 10" cards designed for the industry standard S-100 microcomputer bus. A large selection of CPU, memory, and interface cards offers a great deal of flexibility in system Mainframes design. The basic personal computer mainframe consists of a CPU, computer bus, and power supply. Most mainframes are sold in kit form (Figure 1). Without exception in the personal computing industry of manufacturer support for the S-100 bus, no fewer than a microprocessor serves as the CPU.
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline of Computer History
    Timeline of Computer History By Year By Category Search AI & Robotics (55) Computers (145)(145) Graphics & Games (48) Memory & Storage (61) Networking & The Popular Culture (50) Software & Languages (60) Bell Laboratories scientist 1937 George Stibitz uses relays for a Hewlett-Packard is founded demonstration adder 1939 Hewlett and Packard in their garage workshop “Model K” Adder David Packard and Bill Hewlett found their company in a Alto, California garage. Their first product, the HP 200A A Called the “Model K” Adder because he built it on his Oscillator, rapidly became a popular piece of test equipm “Kitchen” table, this simple demonstration circuit provides for engineers. Walt Disney Pictures ordered eight of the 2 proof of concept for applying Boolean logic to the design of model to test recording equipment and speaker systems computers, resulting in construction of the relay-based Model the 12 specially equipped theatres that showed the movie I Complex Calculator in 1939. That same year in Germany, “Fantasia” in 1940. engineer Konrad Zuse built his Z2 computer, also using telephone company relays. The Complex Number Calculat 1940 Konrad Zuse finishes the Z3 (CNC) is completed Computer 1941 The Zuse Z3 Computer The Z3, an early computer built by German engineer Konrad Zuse working in complete isolation from developments elsewhere, uses 2,300 relays, performs floating point binary arithmetic, and has a 22-bit word length. The Z3 was used for aerodynamic calculations but was destroyed in a bombing raid on Berlin in late 1943. Zuse later supervised a reconstruction of the Z3 in the 1960s, which is currently on Operator at Complex Number Calculator (CNC) display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich.
    [Show full text]
  • FF7W Sponsors ACR Standards Meeting and from There to the Factory It Is Just a Short Walk
    HITS MOVING TO EXPANDED FACILITY by David Bunnell tentatively scheduled for March, Altairs to Albuquerque for demonstra- 1976. All Altair owners will be in- tion purposes. Prizes worth several By the end of January, 1976, it vited to attend this convention. thousand dollars will be awarded to is hoped that MITS will be in its the best demonstrations in each of new facility near the Albuquerque While formal plans for this an undetermined number of catagories. Airport. Internal construction has convention have not been finalized, (We will be looking for unique ap- been in progress for several weeks $ an outline of this event calls for a plications as well as well-developed and plans call for moving the pro- weekend of seminars and demonstra- traditional applications.) duction department before Christmas. tions. The seminars will be con- Administrative departments will move ducted by MITS engineers and software writers and will cover a wide range during January. Since the new MITS plant is of topics of interest to Altair users. located close to the Albuquerque In connection with this move, Airport, it will be very convenient there will be a combined open-house, Hobby clubs and individual Al- for out-of-town Altair users to at- World Altair Computer Convention, tair owners are asked to bring their tend the convention. Hotel reserva- tions can be made at the Albuquerque Airport Marina Hotel across the street from the terminal building, FF7W Sponsors ACR Standards Meeting and from there to the factory it is just a short walk. Users and manufacturers of audio The rest of the meeting was cassette data recording hardware at- spent primarily on discussion of mod- tended a symposium sponsored by BYTE ulation techniques.
    [Show full text]
  • Periodical Guide for Computerists 1977
    PERIODICAL GUIDE FOR COMPUTERISTS An Index of Magazine Articles for Computer Hobbyists January - December 1977 PERIODICAL GUIDE FOR COMPUTERISTS 1977 TABLE OF CONTENTS AMATEUR RADIO---------------------- 3 MICROCOMPUTERS ANALOG HARDWARE AND CIRCUITS------- 3 GENERAL------------------------- 36 APPLICATIONS, GENERAL-------------- 4 FUNDAMENTALS AND DESIGN--------- 37 ART--------------------------------5 SELECTION GUIDE----------------- 38 ASTRONOMY--------------------------6 AL TAI R 8800 & 680--------------- 38 BAR CODES--------------------------6 APPLE---------------------------39 BIORYTHMS--------------------------6 DI GIT AL GROUP------------------- 39 BIO FEEDBACK------------------------ 6 ELF & VIP ( COSMAC)-------------- 39 BOOKS AND PUBLICATIONS-------------6 HEATHKIT------------------------ 39 BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTING------------ 7 IMSAI--------------------------- 39 CALCULATORS------------------------ 8 INTERCEPT IM6100---------------- 39 CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS------------ 9 KIM----------------------------- 39 CLOCKS-----------------------------·9 PET----------------------------- 40 COMMUNICATION---------------------- 10 RADIO SHACK--------------------- 40 CONSTRUCTION----------------------- 10 SOL----------------------------- 40 CONTROL---------------------------- 11 SPHERE-------------------------- 40 CON VE RS ION, CODE------------------- 11 SWTPC--------------------------- 40 CONVERSION, NUMBER BASE------------ 11 WAVE MATE----------------------- 40 DEBUG------------------------------ 12 OTHER MICROCOMPUTERS------------ 41
    [Show full text]
  • TV Typewriter Cookbook
    TV Typewriter Cookbook by Don Lancaster SYNERGETICS SP PRESS 3860 West First Street, Thatcher, AZ 85552 USA (928) 428-4073 http://www.tinaja.com Copyright © 2010 by Synergetics Press Thatcher, Arizona 95552 THIRD EDITION FIRST PRINTING—2010 All rights reserved. Reproduction or use, without express permission of editorial or pictorial content, in any manner, is prohibited. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. While every precaution has been taken in the preperation of this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. International Standard Book Number: 1-882193-13-4 Created in the United States of America. Preface This book shows you how to put your own words and pictures on ordinary tv sets. It's also a book on cheap things that can be connected to a microprocessor to get it to do genuinely useful tasks. If you are a computer hobbyist with a home-brew lashup, a serious professional data processor concerned with low-cost small machine systems, a video games freak, or a ham working with rttv. vou will find in depth information on tv typewriter technology, which today represents the only truly low-cost ( $30 to $150) microcomputer and small-systems display interface. If you are a software specialist, we \>\-ill be showing you the hardware that makes your software work, giving you the depth of background you will need for effec­ tive and efficient small-systems coding. If you are teaching micro­ processors, you will find this book useful as a primary or supple­ mental text on the high school through university levels.
    [Show full text]
  • 1977 Southwest Technical Products Catalog
    o z ....o OJ z I­ « z U « :J ~ > o o o ~ ~ o « IT :t: [l. a: IT w I­ :J [l. 2 o u P.5 II INTROOUCTION This brochure contains a comprehensive description of each of the SWTPe Computer Product Kits. Included are details on the SWTPe 6800 Computer System, Computer System Software, CT -64 Terminal System, AC·30 Audio Cassette Interface, PR-4Q Alphanumeric Printer Gl·Bl Graphics Terminal and Potentiometer Digitizer. You might note that all of our peripheral products have been designed to be "universally" compatible with almost any computer system including our own SWTPC 6800 Computer. This gives you the user maximum flexibility when configuring and upgrading your processing system throughout the coming years. SWTPe also sells many other electronic kits besides computer products. For example, we offer power amplifiers, preamplifiers, re­ verbs, equalizers, strobes, power suppl ies, function generators arTd digital test equipment just to mention a few. Write us for a copy of our general catalog. Southwest Technical Products Corporation 219 W. Rhapsody San Antonio, Texas 78216 TABLE OF CONTENTS SWTPC 6800 Computer System .. PAGE 2 6800 Computer System Software .. PAGE 9 CT·64 Terminal System ... PAGE 12 AC·30 Audio Cassette Interface · .. PAGE 16 PRAO Alphanumeric Printer · .. PAGE 21 GT·61 Graphics Terminal .. PAGE 24 PPG Potentiometer Digitizer (Joystickl · .. PAGE 28 2 SWTPC 6800 COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPUTER SiilTr!! 6800 SYST.EM The Southwest Technical Products 6800 computer system is based upon the Motorola MCBaOa microprocessor unit (MPU) and its matching support devices. The 6800 system was chosen for our computer because this set of Parts is currently.
    [Show full text]
  • Alan Milstein's History of Computers
    Alan Milstein's History of Computers CYBERCHRONOLOGY INTRODUCTION This chronology reflects the vision that the history of computers is the history of humankind. Computing is not just calculating; it is thinking, learning, and communicating. This Cyberchronolgy is a history of two competing paths, the outcome of which may ultimately determine our fate. Computers either are simply machines to be controlled by the powerful, by governments and industrial giants, and by the Masters of War, or they are the tools that will allow every human being to achieve his or her potential and to unite for a common purpose. Day One Earliest humans use pebbles to calculate, a word derived from the Latin for “pebble” 17th century B.C. Wolf’s jawbone carved with 55 notches in groups of five, first evidence of tally system 8500 B.C. Bone carved with notches in groups of prime numbers 5th century B.C. Abacus invented, a digital computing device 415 B.C. Theaetetus creates solid geometry 293 B.C. Euclid writes the “Elements” 725 A Chinese engineer and Buddhist monk build first mechanical clock 1617 John Napier invents Napier’s Bones, multiplication tables on strips of wood or bones 1621 William Oughtred invents slide rule, an analog computing device 1623 Wilhelm Schickard of Germany invents calculating clock, a 6 digit machine, can add and subtract 1645 Blaise Pascal invents Pascaline, a 5 digit adding machine 1668 Samuel Morland of England invents nondecimal adding machine 1694 Gottfried Leibniz, who discovered both calculus and the binary system, develops the Leibniz Computer, a nonprogrammable multiplying machine 1714 Henry Mill patents the typewriter in England 1786 Mueller conceives Difference Engine, special purpose calculator for tabulating values of polynomial 1821 Michael Faraday, the Father of Electricity, builds first two electric motors 1832 Charles Babbage designs first Difference Engine 1835 Joseph Henry invents electrical relay 5/24/1844 Samuel B.
    [Show full text]
  • Mid-Atlantic Computing History
    Mid-Atlantic Computing History Mid-Atlantic Retro Computing Hobbyists Evan Koblentz Bill Degnan John Mauchly • 1941: Designs for a parabolic radar antenna, which researchers believe was a Camp Evans project • Inspired University of Penn. physics Prof. John Mauchly to expedite his digital computer ideas leading to the secret Project PX – his pioneering ENIAC in 1943. • ENIAC was not the first computer, but its general- purpose design augmented with stored-program methods began the modern computer age. • ENIAC – 1946 • Wiring panels (not papertape) electronic • ENIAC recognized patterns of instructions set up in advance on wiring panels. Vacuum Tube Development Committee • 1943-1945: Several members of the Evans staff join top American engineers and scientists on the National Defense Research Committee’s Vacuum Tube Development Committee, based in the Empire State Building. • VTDC pushed for commercial development and military applications of this essential technology. Electronic Associates (EAI) • 1945: Veterans of the camp led by Arthur Adamson and Lloyd Christianson form their own company, Electronic Associates (EAI), which became a leader in analog computing. • Based in West Long Branch, New Jersey EAI 580 Computer 1968 The Transistor • 1948: Evans research director Harold Zahl witnesses Bell Labs’ new invention, the transistor, and becomes a strong advocate for its use in the Signal Corps. Zahl also ensured that the invention was made public, thereby helping spawn the modern electronics industry. Claude Shannon • 1948: Claude Shannon, also at Bell Labs, publishes "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" which sets theory of computing and communications for decades to come. 1956: MOBIDIC (Mobile Digital Computer) MOBIDIC (Mobile Digital Computer) • 1956: With an Electrodata 205 computer and Litton Digital Differential Analyzer becoming inadequate, and no funding available for a new IBM 704, Camp Evans decided to build its own computer.
    [Show full text]
  • AMATEUR COMPUTER USERS GROUP NEWSLETTER HOMEBREW COMPUTER CLUB Issue Number Two Fred Moore, Editor, 558 Santa Cruz Ave., Menlo Park, Ca
    AMATEUR COMPUTER USERS GROUP NEWSLETTER HOMEBREW COMPUTER CLUB Issue number two Fred Moore, editor, 558 Santa Cruz Ave., Menlo Park, Ca. 94025 April 12, 1975 THE CLUB IS ALL OF US Particularly maintain a local resource file with recip- . rocal arrangements with contiguous groups. .. We're growing-about 60 members so far. Meetings have been Exchange information.. .mostly an information and loose which I think is good. Gordon keeps the discussion moving learning center. .. to offer a chance to get together as our chairperson. Do we need more of an agenda? and exchange ideas on software and hardware. .. Last time we had general club business and news first, followed serve as information exchange medium; run technical discussion & education sessions. I would like to by Gordon giving us a good introduction to what the machine does see information exchange on both hardware and soft- with the code we lay on it. I'd like to see this topic continued and ware; volume buying and such would be great to get some specific routines followed thru step-by-step. Amateurs that prices down on electronic equipment. .. regular we are and limited by our small memories, we are going to be talk- exchange of information software or hardware for the ing assembly or machine language if we want our CPU to do more bendit of all. provide exchange of technical data than process what we say. Learning good coding habits can save & access to hardware & software items. .. info source hours and headaches as well. 8080, etc., clearing house software systems & appli- cations; maintain computerized xref abilities, and Then again, since most of us don't have a system up yet, it interests.
    [Show full text]
  • Defining Computers
    DEFINING COMPUTERS “A device that computes, especially a programmable electronic machine that performs high- speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information.” “A computer is a device that accepts information (in the form of digitalized data) and manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed.” “A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a set of instructions.” “A device used for computing, specially, an electronic machine which, by means of stored instructions and information, performs rapid, often complex calculations or compiles, correlates, and selects data.” “A data processor that can perform substantial computation, including numerous arithmetic and logic operations, without intervention by a human operator during the run.” “A computer is an electronic device that accepts data and instructions, processes the data according to the set of instructions, and produces the desired information.” “A computer is a device capable of solving problems by accepting data, performing described operations on the data and supplying the results of these operations.” Also refer - ANUBHA JAIN, DEEPSHIKHA BHARGAVA & DIVYA ARORA- RBD Publications Chapter No. 1 Page No. 1.1 & 1.2 A SIMPLE MODEL OF COMPUTER (FUNDAMENTALS) In this you have to explain various components of a computer system. Some are as under- 1) Monitor 2) Speakers 3) Keyboard 4) Mouse 5) Printer 6) Scanner 7) Cabinet (Consist of various components like – mother board , ram , hard disk etc.) As Shown in picture below- Also refer - ANUBHA JAIN, DEEPSHIKHA BHARGAVA & DIVYA ARORA- RBD Publications Chapter No.
    [Show full text]
  • KIM-1 MOS Technology Developed a Second System Concurrently with the TIM
    C H A P T E R 11..55 TTiimm aanndd KKiimm 11997755 -- 11997766 In introducing the 6502 microprocessor to the world, Chuck Peddle knew he had something revolutionary. As part of MOS Technology’s marketing plan to encourage people to experiment with the 6502, Peddle and his team at MOS Technology would develop two small computer systems, known as development systems. “They worked on them while we were finishing up the processor and getting ready to do the marketing,” explains Peddle. Engineers and hobbyists, the idea went, would use them to evaluate the 6502 instruction set and develop their own systems. The Kit The first development system offered by MOS was in kit form, which reduced the selling price to only $30. Since the unit was designed primarily to instruct the user on the workings of computer systems in general and the 6502 in particular, MOS Technology contracted Microcomputer Associates of Santa Clara, California to write the unit’s internal program. The two founders, Ray Holt and Manny Lemas, taught engineers how to use microprocessors. Peddle relates, “You have to understand how little the world knew of microprocessors in 1974, ‘75 and ‘76. There were guys making big money selling classes on microprocessors during that time.” Manny Lemas had worked for Peddle during his GE days, while Ray Holt had an impressive background working on the F-14 Tomcat project for the Navy.1 The technicians developed the system in a special research area on the second floor of MOS Technology. The lab was a room within a room, with a large sign on the door in capital letters warning NO ADMITANCE.
    [Show full text]
  • The Way Things Were
    the blatant opportunist 63 by Don Lancaster The Way Things Were have recently been doing some interviews on personal I started buying Radio & Television News for a quarter computer history, so I thought it might be a good idea at the newsstand and read just about anything I could find I to work up some sort of a personal backgrounder. For on electronics in the school libraries. About that time, the the record. Perhaps reviewing just who I am and where I absolutely incredible new Popular Electronics magazine came from. Sort of an unauthorized autobiography. appeared. Which had outstanding construction projects My general goals consistently have been to take some that many school students could easily handle. There were emerging tech development and either show others how it two fictional characters named Carl and Jerry in each issue. works or make it do something useful in the way of a fresh Written by a paraplegic, which is a story unto itself. product or new opportunity. Hopefully a lot cheaper and In many ways, I was Carl, albeit a far shorter and more simpler than before. And, wherever possible, leading with a wiseassed clone. I quickly built up a primitive electronics high personal valued added. All the while favoring Fuller’s lab, frequenting the counter of long gone Cameradio, the Synergetics, Schumacher’s Small is Beautiful, and of superb Burstein Applebee bargain catalog, and the Newark course, always seeking out Elegant Simplicity. and Allied Radio suppliers. Somewhere along the way, I’ve been called one the of Being an underage and undersized me-first loudmouth, the fathers of the personal computer and the patron saint ninth grade was a total horror for me.
    [Show full text]