DOCSLIB.ORG

© Copyright 2018 Association of Surfing Professionals LLC Page 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
© Copyright 2018 Association of Surfing Professionals LLC Page 1 ® © Copyright 2018 Association of Surfing Professionals LLC Page 1 WSL RULE BOOK 2018 ALL CHANGES FROM PREVIOUS VERSIONS CAN BE REQUESTED FROM WSL. LAST UPDATED 23 August 2018 World Surf League 147 Bay St Santa Monica, CA, 90405 USA Phone: +1 (310) 450 1212 Email: [email protected] Hwww.worldsurfleague.com U All rights reserved. No part of this Rulebook may be reproduced in any form by any mechanical or electronic means including information storage or retrieval systems without permission in writing from Association of Surfing Professionals LLC. World Surf League, WSL, ASP, It’s On, Dream Tour, Big Wave Tour Awards, CT, QS, BWT, Big Wave Tour, You Can’t Script This, Championship Tour, Qualification Series, and all associated logos and event logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Association of Surfing Professionals LLC or it’s subsidiaries throughout the world. Modifications to this Rulebook can happen at any time with the approval and under the authority of the WSL Commissioner. The Rulebook will be enforceable upon publication on www.worldsurfleague.com. This Rulebook and the contents herein are the copyright of Association of Surfing Professionals LLC © Copyright 2018 Association of Surfing Professionals LLC Page 2 CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: CHAMPIONSHIP TOUR (CT) ...................................................................... 7 Article 1: Application of this Chapter ....................................................................... 7 Article 2: Prize Money ............................................................................................... 7 Article 3: Scheduling ................................................................................................ 7 Article 4: Trials .......................................................................................................... 7 Article 5: Event related Activities ............................................................................. 7 Article 6: CT Rankings Points .................................................................................. 7 Article 7: Formats...................................................................................................... 8 Article 8: CT Seeding Rules...................................................................................... 9 Article 9: Replacements.......................................................................................... 10 Article 10: WSL World Title Race ............................................................................. 11 Article 11: Qualification for following Men’s CT Season ........................................ 11 Article 12: Qualification for following Women’s CT Season ................................... 11 Article 13: CT Surfers Rules ..................................................................................... 12 Article 14: Wildcards ................................................................................................. 13 Article 15: Defending Champions ............................................................................ 13 Article 16: Amateur Surfers ...................................................................................... 13 Article 17: Non-Attendance in Events ...................................................................... 13 Article 18: CT Event Postponment and Cancellation .............................................. 14 Article 19: Failure to Compete .................................................................................. 15 Article 20: Pregnancy ............................................................................................... 15 Article 21: CT Fees .................................................................................................... 15 Article 22: Non-WSL Events ..................................................................................... 16 Article 23: Enclosed Official Areas .......................................................................... 16 Article 24: Security Passes / Accessible Areas ....................................................... 16 Article 25: Surfer Retirement .................................................................................... 16 Article 26: WSL Limitation of Liability ..................................................................... 16 CHAPTER 2: QUALIFICATION SERIES (“QS”) ............................................................. 18 Article 27: License Fees ........................................................................................... 18 Article 28: Upgrading/Downgrading an Event ......................................................... 18 Article 29: Cancellation of an Event ......................................................................... 18 Article 30: Change of Event Details ......................................................................... 18 Article 31: Prize Money Taxation.............................................................................. 19 Article 32: Prize Money ............................................................................................. 19 Article 33: Scheduling .............................................................................................. 20 Article 35: Trials & Other events at QS Events ........................................................ 23 Article 36: QS Rankings Points and Regional Ranking .......................................... 24 Article 37: Events Counting Towards Qualification ................................................ 25 Article 38: Injury Ranking Compensation ................................................................ 25 Article 39: Qualification Series Fees ........................................................................ 25 Article 40: Entry Fees ............................................................................................... 27 Article 41: Event Registration and Entry Procedure ............................................... 27 Article 43: Entry Confirmations ................................................................................ 29 Article 44: Entry Cancellation, Refunds and Medical Certificates .......................... 29 Article 45: Selection of Entries ................................................................................. 30 Article 46: QS Surfer Seed Points ............................................................................ 32 Article 47: QS Seed Order ........................................................................................ 32 Article 48: Defending Champions at Events ............................................................ 32 Article 49: Replacements.......................................................................................... 32 Article 50: Failure to Compete .................................................................................. 33 © Copyright 2018 Association of Surfing Professionals LLC Page 3 Article 51: Pregnancy .................................................................................................. 33 Article 52: Non-Attendance in Events Entered ........................................................ 34 Article 53: Media Obligations by Surfers ................................................................. 34 Article 54: General Rules for WSL Events ............................................................... 34 CHAPTER 3: SPECIALTY EVENT RULES ..................................................................... 36 Article 55: Applicable Rules ..................................................................................... 36 Article 56: Licensing ................................................................................................. 36 CHAPTER 4: LONGBOARD RULES............................................................................... 37 Article 59: Licensing ................................................................................................. 37 Article 60: Prize Money ............................................................................................. 37 Article 61: Scheduling .............................................................................................. 37 Article 62: Rankings Points ...................................................................................... 37 Article 63: Qualification for the WLC ....................................................................... 37 Article 64: Event Formats ......................................................................................... 38 Article 69: Board Requirements ............................................................................... 39 Article 70: Judging Criteria for Longboard .............................................................. 39 Article 71: Injury Ranking Compensation ................................................................ 39 Article 72: Missing Heats / Non-Attendance / Failure to Compete ......................... 39 Article 73: Media Obligations ................................................................................... 39 CHAPTER 5: JUNIOR TOUR RULES ............................................................................. 40 Article 74: Licensing ................................................................................................. 40 Article 75: Age ........................................................................................................... 40 Article 76: Surfers Fee and Insurance ....................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • © Copyright 2019 Association of Surfing Professionals LLC Page 1
    ® © Copyright 2019 Association of Surfing Professionals LLC Page 1 WSL RULE BOOK 2019 ALL CHANGES FROM PREVIOUS VERSIONS CAN BE REQUESTED FROM WSL. LAST UPDATED 6 DECEMBER 2019 World Surf League 147 Bay St Santa Monica, CA, 90405 USA Phone: +1 (310) 450 1212 Email: [email protected] U Hwww.worldsurfleague.comU All rights reserved. No part of this Rulebook may be reproduced in any form by any mechanical or electronic means including information storage or retrieval systems without permission in writing from Association of Surfing Professionals LLC. World Surf League, WSL, ASP, It’s On, Dream Tour, Big Wave Tour Awards, CT, QS, AirTour, BWT, Big Wave Tour, You Can’t Script This, Championship Tour, Qualification Series, and all associated logos and event logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Association of Surfing Professionals LLC or it’s subsidiaries throughout the world. Modifications to this Rulebook can happen at any time with the approval and under the authority of the Head of Tours and Competition. The Rulebook will be enforceable upon publication on www.worldsurfleague.com. This Rulebook and the contents herein are the copyright of Association of Surfing Professionals LLC © Copyright 2019 Association of Surfing Professionals LLC Page 2 CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: CHAMPIONSHIP TOUR (CT) ........................................................................... 8 Article 1: Application of this Chapter ............................................................................ 8 Article 2: Prize Money .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 430 BICYCLES, SKATEBOARDS and ROLLER SKATES
    Chapter 430 BICYCLES, SKATEBOARDS AND ROLLER SKATES § 430.01. Definitions. [Ord. No. 458, passed 2-25-1991; Ord. No. 535, passed 7-8-1996] The following words, when used in this chapter, shall have the following meanings, unless otherwise clearly apparent from the context: (a) BICYCLE — Shall mean any wheeled vehicle propelled by means of chain driven gears using footpower, electrical power or gasoline motor power, except that vehicles defined as "motorcycles" or "mopeds" under the Motor Vehicle Code for the State of Michigan shall not be considered as bicycles under this chapter. This definition shall include, but not be limited to, single-wheeled vehicles, also known as unicycles; two-wheeled vehicles, also known as bicycles; three-wheeled vehicles, also known as tricycles; and any of the above-listed vehicles which may have training wheels or other wheels to assist in the balancing of the vehicle. (b) SKATEBOARD — Shall include any surfboard-like object with wheels attached. "Skateboard" shall also include, under its definition, vehicles commonly referred to as "scooters," being surfboard-like objects with wheels attached and a handle coming up from the forward end of the surfboard area. (c) ROLLER SKATES — Shall include any shoelike device with wheels attached, including, but not limited to, roller skates, in-line roller skates and roller blades. § 430.02. Operation upon certain public ways prohibited; sails and towing prohibited. [Ord. No. 458, passed 2-25-1991; Ord. No. 677, passed 12-8-2003] (a) No person shall ride or in any manner use a skateboard, roller skate or roller skates upon the following public ways: (1) U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018Mauiathleteguide.Pdf
    31 E Komo Mai! Aloha, and welcome to Maui. Cascading waterfalls, white sand beaches, breathtaking sunsets, and birthplace of the most notorious off-road triathlon on earth … XTERRA! From a one-off race held on the most remote island chain in the world, XTERRA evolved into an endurance sports lifestyle with worldwide appeal. Over the past 20+ years XTERRA has transcended its status as ‘just a race’ to become a bona fide way of life for thousands of intrepid triathletes across the globe. A fitting representation of this “XTERRA Tribe” – 800 of the best professional and amateur off-road triathletes from 44 countries will gather at Kapalua Resort, and on Sunday, October 28, they’ll put their mental and physical toughness up against Mother Nature at the 23rd annual XTERRA World Championship. We wish you great racing, much fun, and a wonderful stay on Maui and in the Hawaiian Islands. 2 About the XTERRA World Championship The following information should contain everything you need to know to prepare for the race and have a great trip. If not, our team is available to answer any additional questions, just email [email protected]. The XTERRA World Championship is the grand finale of the XTERRA World Tour, a global series of off-road triathlons spanning 30 countries that qualify athletes to race on Maui. In addition to the main event, we offer everyone a chance to participate with the XTERRA Kapalua Trail Runs and Keiki K, XTERRA University “how to” sessions with the elites, an XTERRA Spectator Village complete with a bouncy castle and face painting station for kids, inter-active games, a DJ, food booths, two star-studded evening functions, and much more.
    [Show full text]
  • Dailylanguagereview4thgrade.Pdf
    Introduction Comprehensive Language Arts Spiraled Review Do you wish you had a great spiral Language Arts Review / Bell Work / Warm Up Work / Homework resource? Need one that covers every 4th grade Language Arts objective, plus some 3rd grade objectives for review? I was always struggling to pull together resources for all my 4th grade needs, plus 3rd grade skills that needed review. I am pleased to publish this comprehensive Language Arts Review that does just that! This resource is a spiral review of all language arts objectives covered by 4th grade Common Core and TEKS (for Texas teachers). Also included are many 3rd grade objectives that need review. -36 Weeks, 5 Days Per Week! -Full-Sized 11” x 8-1/2” practice sheet for each day of the week! -Friday Quiz that includes questions covered during the week! -Use for Warm-Up, Bell Work, Homework or targeted practice! -Easily avoids loss of skills due to lack of practice! Introduction – Page 1 As Warm-Up Work One way to use this comprehensive resource is to use one sheet each day for warm-up or bell work. This should take students about five minutes. Then, review the completed questions with your students. This may take another 5-10 minutes – time very well spent, as you are spiraling through each objective many times throughout the year. On Thursday, students take their completed sheets home and study for the quiz on Friday. This is a great way to communicate to parents what is being studied at school! And parents will love you for the study guide! Friday Quiz Each question on the quiz is a repeat of a question from during the week.
    [Show full text]
  • MBS Camp Program
    MBS Camp Program MBS Camp Program Welcome to exciting world of mountain- boarding! This guide covers the basics about implementing a mountainboard program at your camp. Learning the Basics Table of Contents MBS’ Instructional Program focuses on teaching balance and basic maneuvering MBS Camp Program ................ Glossary ............................... 12 skills. Program Directors, Instructors, (and 3 anyone else involved with your Mountain- Learning the Basics board program), should become familiar with Ride Guide Instructional Video FAQ ..................................... 14 MBS’ Ride Guide Instructional Video and Tools & Supplies learn to use the skills progression approach Instructor Support Pack as a guideline for teaching and learning bal- ance and maneuverability. Maintenance ........................... 4 Ride Guide Instructional Video Getting Started MBS’ ‘Ride Guide’ should be an instructors’ Daily Board Maintenance main guide to teaching beginner through inter- Annual Board Maintenance mediate riders how to ride safe and have fun. Terrain Assessment ................ 6 The ‘Ride Guide’ features a skills-progression curriculum that includes J-Turns, S-Turns, Recommended Terrain linked turns, Powerslides (stopping without a Terrain Preparation brake) and freestyle riding techniques. By ex- Course Design Page 3 ercising common sense and spacial awareness, instructors can greatly reduce the risk of injury Safety ..................................... 8 to program participants. General Guidelines It is encouraged participants
    [Show full text]
  • Ctrl + F to Search
    Ctrl + F to search Case Number Case Reported Item Description Make Serial Number 2021-00025981 09/23/2021 BIDET 2021-00025981 09/23/2021 JUMPER CABLES 2021-00025723 09/21/2021 3rd Generation Ipad APPLE 2021-00025612 09/20/2021 Jimenez pistol, model J.A. NINE, 9mm calibre, black grip scales JMZ 424198 2021-00025454 09/18/2021 BLK AND BLUE DIAMONDBACK MEN'S BICYCLE W/ BASKET ON FRONT AND CARGO RACK ON THE BACK (UNK SERIAL #) DIAMONDBACK 2021-00025421 09/18/2021 STERLT - 40G 2021-00025421 09/18/2021 STERLT - 40G 2021-00025421 09/18/2021 STORAGE BOX 2021-00025421 09/18/2021 UNDERBED BOX 2021-00025421 09/18/2021 UNDERBED BOX 2021-00025400 09/18/2021 TOW HITCH 2021-00025348 09/17/2021 Gray and Black Evinrude 9.9 horse power boat motor. EVINRUDE R710873 2021-00025290 09/17/2021 Red Sun EZ Sport recumbent bicycle with long wheel base B030333 2021-00025001 09/14/2021 black Appel Iphone 7/8 belonging to Shawn Trontel 2021-00024911 09/13/2021 Dickies seat covers 2021-00024675 09/11/2021 IPHONE 11 WITH BLUE CASE APPLE F4GCG84GN72Y 2021-00024599 09/10/2021 LIV brand mountain bike, Bliss 2 model, teal and coral in color K87035092 2021-00024513 09/09/2021 2018 TREK ROSCOE BICYCLE WITH ORANGE PEDALS, 26 " WHEELS TREK WTU281C0286M 2021-00024462 09/09/2021 CANNONDALE F7 MENS MTN BIKE, SIZE MED, YINGYANG STICKER, COIL LOCK ON SEATPOST CANNONDALE 2021-00024333 09/08/2021 2 DeWalt batteries 5amp labeled with "Plevel Construction" DEWALT 2021-00024333 09/08/2021 3 Milwaukee Fuel batteries 18V MILWAUKEE 2021-00024333 09/08/2021 Cordless Milwaukee Sawzall labeled
    [Show full text]
  • Extension Lesson
    G4 U2 L1 EXT EXTENSION LESSON (OPTIONAL) In Lesson 1, students may mention some recreational activities as a reason for the need for weather forecasts. If the teacher desires, these recreational activities may be used to include an extension lesson for the students. If students research any recreational activity that was used in ancient Hawai‘i, one of the HCPS III Grade 4 Social Studies benchmarks may apply. *Optional: Although this lesson is written for surfi ng, any form of recreational activity may be used in lieu of surfi ng. This is so that students are able to complete the project based on their interests. *Note: some of the websites are not .edu or .gov, so a discussion on the accuracy and reliability of websites might be useful in this extension lesson. Related HCPSIII Lesson at a Glance Benchmark(s): In this lesson, students track the history of surfi ng from early documentation of he‘e nalu in ancient Hawai‘i to current times. Science SC.4.2.1 Students create a storyboard by making drawings that show the Describe how the use of technology has infl uenced evolution of surfi ng and surfboard design technology. the economy, demography, and environment of Hawai‘i. Lesson Duration Three 45-minute periods Social Studies SS.4.3.1 Explain the origins and cul- Essential Question(s) ture of early Hawaiians. What are the origins of surfi ng and how has it evolved from ancient Hawaiian times to the present? Language Arts LA 4.6.2 How has technology enabled surfi ng to evolve over time? Give short, informal How has surfi ng contributed to the economy ofHawai‘i ? presentations to inform or persuade Key Concepts • Early Hawaiians surfed and the sport became nearly extinct until the cultural revival during the King Kalakaua era.
    [Show full text]
  • Laird Hamilton, the Ing By
    THE WOR LD'S GREATEST BIG .. <FER DROPS IN ON HELI-SKIING'S NEWEST FRONTIER. BY OAf IEL GLICK IGHTY THE FEROCIOUS RACKET OF HELICOPTER ROTORS FADES. AND WE STAND IN SPELLBOU!',lD SILEhJCE ATOP A SNOWY RIDGE. AS IF fvlAGICALLY TRANSPORTED INTO THE NAVE OF A MOUNTAIN CATHEDRAL. WE GAZE AROUND AT THE MAS­ SIVE TRIUMVIRATE GLACIER. THE S/vIOKI~~G VOLCA~IO MOUNT SPURR, AND AlSO-MILE PAf'JORAMA TH .A.T ENCOMPASSES 20.320-FOOT IVIOUNT rvICKIf\~LEY, THE CHUG,l,\CH RANGE. AND THE fv10UNTAINS WE .ARE ABOUT TO SKI , THE TORDRILLOS. "I': ----------------- 83 PreVIO US page: The legend, w ith o utdated board technology and insufficient clothing: from left: Laird at the LZ; smoking Mount Spurr. I,aird Hamilton, the sun-blond male pinup and world's chiseled as a marble statue, yet as genuine as the fresh most renowned big-wave surfer, glances at the frozen inch-long scar where a surfboard had recently imprint­ water around him with a gleeful "Oh, yeah!" and straps ed itself on his left cheek. 1he man with a thousand on his snowboard. stitches proves to be as prodigious as advertised. Guide Darwon Stoneman takes off first, scouting a \lVe had arrived in late March to help inaugurate a new steep line with the t:lmiliar "swoosh, swoosh, swoosh" frontier in the helicopter skiing world: a mjl1ion acres of skis sashaying through calf-deep powder. \Vhen ofunskied terrain based out of th luxurious Tordrillo Laird receives the all-clear, he speeds into the faU line Mountain Lodge, 60 miles west ofAnchorage.
    [Show full text]
  • Skate Life: Re-Imagining White Masculinity by Emily Chivers Yochim
    /A7J;(?<; technologies of the imagination new media in everyday life Ellen Seiter and Mimi Ito, Series Editors This book series showcases the best ethnographic research today on engagement with digital and convergent media. Taking up in-depth portraits of different aspects of living and growing up in a media-saturated era, the series takes an innovative approach to the genre of the ethnographic monograph. Through detailed case studies, the books explore practices at the forefront of media change through vivid description analyzed in relation to social, cultural, and historical context. New media practice is embedded in the routines, rituals, and institutions—both public and domestic—of everyday life. The books portray both average and exceptional practices but all grounded in a descriptive frame that ren- ders even exotic practices understandable. Rather than taking media content or technol- ogy as determining, the books focus on the productive dimensions of everyday media practice, particularly of children and youth. The emphasis is on how specific communities make meanings in their engagement with convergent media in the context of everyday life, focusing on how media is a site of agency rather than passivity. This ethnographic approach means that the subject matter is accessible and engaging for a curious layperson, as well as providing rich empirical material for an interdisciplinary scholarly community examining new media. Ellen Seiter is Professor of Critical Studies and Stephen K. Nenno Chair in Television Studies, School of Cinematic Arts, University of Southern California. Her many publi- cations include The Internet Playground: Children’s Access, Entertainment, and Mis- Education; Television and New Media Audiences; and Sold Separately: Children and Parents in Consumer Culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Perfection That Moves You Exclusive E-Bikes Made of the Unique Composite Material Carbon 2020 > All That Moves You Our E-Bikes
    PERFECTION THAT MOVES YOU EXCLUSIVE E-BIKES MADE OF THE UNIQUE COMPOSITE MATERIAL CARBON 2020 > ALL THAT MOVES YOU OUR E-BIKES DAS SPITZING EVOLUTION 10–13 Bobby Root Edition 14–17 DAS STERZING EVOLUTION 18–21 DAS STERZING 22–25 ZELL 26-29 Model Overview 30-31 3 4 THE WOW EFFECT CARBON IS AND REMAINS OUR MATERIAL HIGH MODULUS TAPERED CARBON FIBER HEAD TUBE FOR FOR MAXIMUM MORE STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS RESILIENCE HIGHLY RIGID AND FLEXIBLE AT THE SAME TIME - UP TO 70% LIGHTER THAN ALUMINUM Stiffness and flexibility, lightweight construction and safety - welcome to the fantastic world of M1 Sporttechnik and our material of choice - carbon. When we launched the first carbon monocoque mountain bike 25 years ago, it was nothing less than a revolution. Proving that even the most contradictory characteristics can be combined together with carbon. What began back then as a „revolution“ in the bike industry continues today: carbon is and remains our material. In practice, this not only requires decades of know-how in the manufacture and processing of composite materials, but also an incessant drive for evolution. We in- herited both from our parent company, the Fritzmeier Group, since we were founded in 1990. With the result that M1 Sporttechnik Carbon-E-Bikes still elicit an inspiring „WOW“ from our customers from the very first ride. 5 6 THE PIONEERING ROLE TQ DRIVE SYSTEMS ARE OUR DOMAIN The secret of the small power packs lies in the combination of the patented TQ Harmonic Pin Ring trans- mission with the specially developed electric motor for e-bikes.
    [Show full text]
  • SURFING at WAIKIKI by Sam Poepoe
    SURFING AT WAIKIKI By Sam Poepoe 1 shall not attempt to tell you how the greatest lifting area would be the tangent waves are formed for surfing; that is for formed by the wave at the 20 inch width, the Oceanographer, but I will endeavor assuming again he continues to ride per­ to clarify points on how to surf—that is pendicular to the wave’s front. riding the surfboard—as practiced by the Now, on an identical wave, he tacks or surfers of the Outrigger Canoe Club. slides his board say, to the left. This time To understand this sport one must the lifting area is increased from 20 understand the theory to have greater inches to 132 inches at the tangent, and ‘ appreciation and tolerance. Here, under brother, when he does that he should be your surfboard, is a tremendous catapult­ traveling provided he does not override"" ing natural force — called "centrifugal The last theory now presents itself anW. force” — varying in power from a placid it is the lines of forces. Draw an imaginary ocean surface to towering 30-foot waves line through the wave's crest you’ll ride. off Castle’s, to Halekulani onto the har­ This line represents the maximum power bor entrance and as far north as Waimea output for YOUR wave. You’re am­ 15ay and back to Canoe Surf. I was caught bitious and want to match this by a by one of these waves when Duke re­ similar board line—a center power line turned in 1931 and the waves were at through your surfboard.
    [Show full text]
  • Dudes Vs. Nature by Joyce Millman Article
    Dudes vs. Nature By JOYCE MILLMAN Illustrations by Jerry McDonald in 1977, Johnny Rotten brayed "God save the Queen/ She ain't no human being/ There is no future/ In England's dreeeeming," and punk was born. In 1996, John Lydon, who used to be Johnny Rotten, is lending his unmistakable voice to an American TV commercial for Mountain Dew, the specimen-yellow soft drink that's positioning itself as the official beverage of extreme sports culture. You know extreme sports -- that's where all those non-jock white boys (and some girls, too) attain jock status by doing flippy things on mountain bikes or dropping out of planes to surf down a ski slope or hanging by their toes from bungee cords. On the Mountain Dew ad, Lydon cackles his way through a warp-speed version of "Route 66" while a subjective-angle camera rockets down a winding road. And punk rolls over in its grave. Or does it? The Sex Pistols were basically a larking piece of performance art, devilish provocateurs rather than message-bearing idealists (like the Clash). Lydon gave society the finger, and with his other hand pocketed the dough. Now he's back, and not a moment too soon, to mock the perpetual gullibility of the ad-saturated masses. Extreme sports, or alternative sports as they're sometimes called, are supposed to be "punk" to traditional sports' bloated arena rock. But even Lydon, who probably has never hefted a sporting implement in his life, can see through this delusion. Punk was grounded in do-it-yourself simplicity -- a pawnshop guitar, two chords, a few safety pins and you had a band.
    [Show full text]