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STENHAMMAR, WILHELM (Rb7 | -T927 ) STENHAMMAR,WILHELM (rB7 | -t927) : (l) Excelsior!Op. 13 M/s) 12'10 Symphony Nr. 2 g minor Op. 34 (Gehrmans) 42'37 (2) Allegro energico 11'02 - (3) Andante 9'02 - (4) SCHERZO. Allegro, ma non troppo presto 7'13 - (5) FINALE. Sostenuto.Allegro uiuace 14'18 The Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra/NEEMEJARVI English text - Page 4 / Suensh text - sid 9 / Deutscher Text - Seite 14 / - Texte franqias page 1 9 The two works on this record show completely different sides of the composer WILHELM STENHAMMAR. The symphonic concert-overture Excelsior! written in 1896 is one of his very first orchestral works, comp- osed by an undisciplined disciple of Wagner while the Symphony in g minor from 1915 is much more precise in its articulation; both simple in utterance and formally perfect. After training in his native city of Stockholm Stenhammar was often in Berlin in the 1890s. He studied the piano there with Heinrich Barth in 1892-93 and was later engaged as a soloist on several occasions. With Richard Strauss conducting he played, i.a., his own Piano Concerto in b minor. Stenhammar naturally came into contact with a great deal of Germanic music and himself composed musical dramas in a Wagnerian style and piano music using a Brahmsian palette. A boisterously youthful temperament pervades Excelsiorl. The main theme is introduced "Leidenschaftlich bewegt" (impassioned) by the strings to the accompaniment of insistent triplets by the woodwinds. The secondary theme is presented first by the clarinet and then by flute and bassoon. For a short time this theme gives an impression of calm. A sudden change in dynamics from loud to soft appears to quieten down the proceedings but soon the music is storming by-again (Gewaltig hinaufstiir- mend) and is very fiery (Sehr feurig). In several places the writing for the strings presents the sort of difficulties normally encountered in 6tudes; particularly hectic is the part just before the coda: the strings chasealong with ever more feverish intensity and the winds let out a violent (Wild aufschreiend) chord fortefortissimo before the music calms down and the cor anglais takes over with the main theme at a slow pace. The word "excelsior" describes something that strives ever upward. As a motto to his composition Stenhammar appended to the score some lines from Goethe's Faust: Yet each may find in him a natiue longing, To rise and trauel far and far away, When high aboue he hears the spring larlt drilling, To fill the emptiness aboue us with his lay, When wide his mighty wings the eagle spreads, Aboue the awesome slopes of pine-clad ualley, And north the crane towards its homeland heads,Across the land and out across the sea, (Translation from,$wedish by William Jewson) The overture was written during one of Stenhammar's most productive periods. It was started at the new year and completed in September of 1896. (Besides the overture Stenhammar was also working on other music including the Secondstring quartet.) Excelsior! is dedicatedto the Berlin Philharmonic and it was that orchestra under its principal conductor Arthur Nikisch that gave the first performance at a guest appearance in Copenhagen. In the autumn of 1897 Stenhammarmade a notable debutas a conductor and this led to his appointment as conductor of the Philharm- onic Society in Stockholm. Excelsiorl was one of the works Stenhammar conducted at his debut concert. - A symphony in F major - "idyllic Bruckner" he called it himself was completed in 1903 (availableon record with the Gothenburg S.O. under Neeme Jdrvi - BIS-LP-219) but Stenhammarnever published it, intending to rework it. This, apart from some minor changes,he never did. His g-minor symphony (he never called it "No' 2") was begun in Italy in 1911. When it was completed in 1915 it ranked as one of the best orch- estral works in the corpus of Swedish music. From 1907 to 1922 Sten- hammar was conductor of the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra and his work with the orchestra represented a central aspect of Scandinavian orchestral life. Besides the classic scores, stenhammar was meticulous in introducing the major new orchestral works by Strauss, Reger, Debussy, Sibelius, Nielsen and Mahler as well as new Swedish compositions. In recognition of his work in Gothenburg he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the university. His worhas a conductor was exhausting and in 1911 he went to ltaly' partly to rest and partly to compose. The first sketches for the g-minor iymptrony were done at the Villa Borghese in Rome. The first movement *a.-co-pleted in Gothenburg the following year while the other three movementswere produced in 1914-15. Five years earlier in 1910 Stenhammar had conducted Carl Nielsen's first symphony (in g minor!) in Gothenburg and this led to a lifelong triendihip. Stenhammar wrote to his colleague: "I know that you have always sought and even managed to keep yourself free from the influence of w-agner'and I am increasingly convinced that this is the only way for us northerners to create our own style. For if one seeks to develop from a Wagnerian starting point one merely arrives at Richard StrausJ and his followers". With his g-minor syrnphony Stenhammar claims that he consciously sought to write "sobre and honest music free of flashiness". One may point to the modesty of the last movement's concluding double fugue: The drive of the music seemsto open the way to a dynamic Bruck- nerish culmination but Stenhammar chooses instead to finish with brevitv and quite free from gestures. The first mouement (Allegro energico/con ritmo elastico) displays a strange mixture of Swedish folk idiom and vocal polyphony, an archaised tonal language which Stenhammar uses all through the symphony. The use of modes replaces the usual major-minor relationships and gives the music its melancholy undertone. The movement is in strict sonata form in which the main theme is a sort of folkdance. The andanfe is a solemn hymn of funeral-march type and Stenhammar claimed to have been inspired by Aeschylus'play "Prometheus". The Scherzo (Allegro, ma non troppo presto) is constructed with a trio and a repeat. Originally Stenhammar intended the repeat to be identical with the first part of the scherzo but shortly before the first performance he made a revision and added the motif of the trio to the repeat. As in the F-major symphony he let the winds dominate the delightful trio section. The Finale is an extensive fugue and the symphony's longest movement. It begins slowly with the chorale-like countersubject that reappearslater in the movement! Then the real main theme follows at a lively pace (Allegro vivace). After the first exposition of the fugue there follows, after a general pause, a freer section, which leads to the inclusion of the counter- subject in a stretto. A fugato on the countersubject takes over in the strings but the clarinet tries to introduce the main theme and soon a double fugue is under way. In the middle of the last movement Stenham- mar placed a large melodic section which is a variation on the first motif. The finale culminates in new developments of the double fugue.-The One's thoughts lead naturally to van Beethoven's "Die grosseFuge". fact is that Stenhammar continued to study counterpoint up to a ripe age, often De bAda verken pA denna skiva visar helt olika sidor hos tonsdttaren WIL- HELM STENHAMMAR. Den symfoniska konsertuvertyren Excelsior! frin 1896 iir ett av hans allra fdrsta orkesterverk, komponerat av en yvig Wag- nerepigon, medan g-mollsymfonin frAn 1915 dr betydligt mer avklarnad i artikulation - pA en gAng enkel i tonfall och tekniskt formfulliindad. Efter utbildning i hemstaden Stockholm vistades Stenhammar under 1890-talet ofta i Berlin. Ddr studerade han 1892-93 fiir pianoprofessorn Heinrich Barth: senare anlitades Stenhammar vid flera tillfdllen som solist. Med Richard Strauss som dirigent framfcirde han bl.a. sin egen b-mollkon- sert. Stenhammar upplevde sjiilvfallet en myckenhet germansk musik och tonsatte sjdlv musikdramer i Wagners anda samt komponerade Brahmsfdr- gad pianolyrik. Ungdomligt brusande temperament genomsyrar Excelsior!. "Leiden- schaftiich bewegt" (lidelsefullt upprcirt) inleds huvudtemat i str6kar till ackompanjerade ettriga trhblisartrioler. Sidotemat presenteras f6rst i klarinett, diirefter i flcijt och fagott. Ftjr ett kort cigonblick ger detta tema ett intryck av lugn. Ett pltitsligt dynamikkast frAn starkt till svagt tycks ocksi lugna ner fcirloppet - men snart stormar musiken Ater fram "Ge- waltig hinaufstiirmend" och "Sehr feurig" (mycket eldigt). Vid flera till' fdllen ir strAkmusikernas uppgifter besvdrligt etydartade - sSrskiit hektiskt dr partiet strax fcire c,:<lan: strikarna jagar alltmer febrilt och intensivt, blisarna utbrister med ett vAldsamt ("Wild aufschreiend") fortefortissimo- ackord innan musiken lugnas och det engelska hornet tar vid med huvud- temat i lingsamt tempo. Med "excelsior" menas n6got framstormande och upp6tstrdvande. Som motto har Stenhammar piL partituret (pA tyska) angivit fdljande citat ur Goethes Faust Doch han enuar en medf6dd lcingtan mdrha,/Att upp och fjcirran hcin han uill,/Niir duer sig han hiir, hur udrens liirha/Oshcinielig i rymden sldr sin drill,/Niir bredda uingar 6rnen hiiua/Hrigt iiuer tallhrrjnt stupas rand/Och tranan ses mot hemmet sudua/Ut ciuerhau, ut riuer land. (Svenskversion: Viktor Rydberg) Y Uvertyren tillkom under en av Stenhammars mest intensiva skaparpe- rioder. Verket pibcirjades nyiret 1896 och fullbordades i september samma 6r. (Utriver uvertyren komponerades dven annan musik, diiribland strAkkvartett nr. 2) Excelsior! dr tilliignat Berliner Philharmoniker, som under sin divarande chefdirigent Arthur Nikisch ocks6 svarade fcir urupp- fcirandet vid ett gdstspel i Kiipenhamn. Pi htisten 1897 debuterade Sten- hammar sjdlv framgingsrikt som dirigent (vilket ledde till att han anstdll- des som dirigent fcir Filharmoniska siillskapet i Stockholm).
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