DOCSLIB.ORG

Genome Evolution and Adaptations to Plant Parasitism in Nematodes Etienne Danchin

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Genome Evolution and Adaptations to Plant Parasitism in Nematodes Etienne Danchin Genome evolution and adaptations to plant parasitism in nematodes Etienne Danchin To cite this version: Etienne Danchin. Genome evolution and adaptations to plant parasitism in nematodes. Life Sciences [q-bio]. Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. tel-02801776 HAL Id: tel-02801776 https://hal.inrae.fr/tel-02801776 Submitted on 5 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Genome evolution and adaptations to plant parasitism in nematodes Etienne G.J. Danchin Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches Ecole Doctorale des Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé (ED85) Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis Soutenue le 11 Mars 2014, devant le jury constitué de: Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Dr. Jean-Christophe Simon Plantes, UMR INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rapporteur Rennes I, Rennes, France Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Science, Freshwater Prof. Isa Schön Rapporteur Biology, Bruxelles, Belgique Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, UMR: CNRS, Dr. Richard Cordaux Rapporteur Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR: Dr. Pascal Barbry CNRS, Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis, Sophia Examinateur Antipolis, France Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR: INRA, Université de Prof. Marylène Poirié Examinateur Nice - Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Sophia Antipolis, France Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR: INRA, Université de Dr. Pierre Abad Examinateur Nice - Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Sophia Antipolis, France Table of Contents 1 Scientific and agronomic context .................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Nematodes .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Evolution of plant parasitism in nematodes ........................................................................... 4 1.3 Economic impact of plant-parasitic nematodes ...................................................................... 5 1.4 Root-knot nematodes.............................................................................................................. 7 1.5 Genomes and transcriptomes of plant-parasitic nematodes.................................................. 9 2 Research Topics ............................................................................................................................. 11 2.1 Genomic signatures of adaptation to plant parasitism in nematodes .................................. 12 2.1.1 Lateral gene transfers .................................................................................................... 15 2.1.2 Parasitism genes specific to nematodes ....................................................................... 25 2.2 Genome evolution in an asexually-reproducing animal ....................................................... 32 2.2.1 A genome mainly composed of pairs of regions re-arranged along scaffolds. ............. 32 2.2.2 A high proportion of mobile elements and repeats. ..................................................... 37 3 Perspectives, projects and future directions ................................................................................. 39 3.1 New target genes for the development of specific control methods against root-knot nematodes ......................................................................................................................................... 39 3.2 Origin of the genome structure observed in M. incognita .................................................... 40 3.3 Biological consequences of a genome structure in copies .................................................... 43 3.4 Genome evolution and adaptation in asexually-reproducing animal lineages ..................... 45 3.5 Upcoming plant-parasitic nematode genomes and transcriptomes .................................... 48 4 Concluding remarks ....................................................................................................................... 51 5 Curriculum Vitae ............................................................................................................................ 52 6 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................... 59 7 Selected Publications..................................................................................................................... 68 Index of illustrations Figure 1 Schematic phylogeny of Nematoda .......................................................................................... 3 Figure 2 Life cycle of parthenogenetic root-knot nematodes ................................................................. 8 Figure 3 Plant-parasitic nematodes viewed as gene-stealers ............................................................... 19 Figure 4 Roles and origin of genes acquired via LGT in plant-parasitic nematodes .............................. 21 Figure 5 Topology searched to identify LGT in root-knot nematode genomes .................................... 23 Figure 6 Species included in the NEMATARGETS OrthoMCL filtering step ........................................... 28 Figure 7 M. incognita developmental life stages used for illumina sequencing. .................................. 30 Figure 8. M. incognita peculiar genome structure ................................................................................ 34 Figure 9. Re-arranged genome of Adineta vaga showing absence of chromosome-scale synteny ..... 36 Figure 10 Proportion of repetitive elements in nematode genomes ................................................... 37 Figure 11. Relative phylogenetic position of the six animal lineages containing asexual species ........ 47 Index of tables Table 1 Damages caused by plant-parasitic nematodes to crops annually in billion € ........................... 6 Table 2 Putative plant cell wall-degrading enzymes in nematode genomes ........................................ 13 Table 3 Putative detoxification genes in M. incognita and C. elegans .................................................. 14 Table 4 Putative chitinases and chitin-binding proteins in nematode genomes .................................. 14 Table 5 Highest similarities to M. incognita proteins active on plant sugars. ...................................... 16 Table 6 "Orphan" genes in M. incognita potentially contain novel parasitism genes .......................... 26 Résumé : évolution génomique et adaptations au parasitisme des plantes chez les nématodes Les nématodes sont des vers ronds non segmentés pour la plupart translucides et mesurant moins d'un mm. Bien que peu visibles, ils constituent l'un des groupes d'animaux les plus riches en espèces et en individus. La majorité des nématodes sont des espèces libres se nourrissant de bactéries ou de champignons mais les espèces les plus connues de l'homme sont les parasites d'animaux et de plantes. Les nématodes parasites de plantes causent des dégâts considérables à l'agriculture mondiale. Ils sont responsables de pertes économiques avoisinant une centaine de milliards d'euros par an. Le parasitisme des plantes est apparu au moins quatre fois indépendamment au cours de l'histoire évolutive des nématodes. Des similitudes morphologiques ont émergé de manière convergente chez ces parasites et il est possible que des singularités caractéristiques se retrouvent également dans leurs génomes. Le premier génome d'un nématode parasite de plantes, celui du nématode à galles Meloidogyne incognita a été séquencé et annoté en 2008 dans le cadre d'un consortium international coordonné par notre équipe. Dès lors, la comparaison avec les génomes d'autres nématodes a permis de révéler des singularités pouvant êtres liées à une adaptation au parasitisme des plantes. Une partie importante de ma recherche est consacrée à l'identification de singularités dans les génomes de nématodes, en lien avec le parasitisme des plantes. J'ai pu montrer que les nématodes avaient acquis, par transferts horizontaux, des gènes d'origines bactérienne et fongique impliqués dans le succès parasitaire (effecteurs). Ces événements évolutifs, considérés comme très rares chez les animaux, auraient joué un rôle important dans l'adaptation au parasitisme des plantes. La comparaison des génomes de parasites de plantes à ceux d'autres eukaryotes nous a également permis de mettre en évidence un jeu de gènes absents de toutes les autres espèces. Cette spécificité aux phyto-parasites, suggère que ces gènes seraient impliqués dans le parasitisme des plantes. Nos travaux ont montré que l'inactivation de ces gènes atténuait considérablement le succès parasitaire des nématodes. Etant absents des génomes d'autres espèces, ces gènes constituent des cibles particulièrement intéressants pour le développement de nouvelles méthode de luttes plus spécifiques. Une autre singularité du génome de Meloidogyne incognita, concerne sa structure. En effet, le génome
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gastrointestinal Helminthic Parasites of Habituated Wild Chimpanzees
    Aus dem Institut für Parasitologie und Tropenveterinärmedizin des Fachbereichs Veterinärmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin Gastrointestinal helminthic parasites of habituated wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in the Taï NP, Côte d’Ivoire − including characterization of cultured helminth developmental stages using genetic markers Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Veterinärmedizin an der Freien Universität Berlin vorgelegt von Sonja Metzger Tierärztin aus München Berlin 2014 Journal-Nr.: 3727 Gedruckt mit Genehmigung des Fachbereichs Veterinärmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin Dekan: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Jürgen Zentek Erster Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna Zweiter Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Heribert Hofer Dritter Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Achim Gruber Deskriptoren (nach CAB-Thesaurus): chimpanzees, helminths, host parasite relationships, fecal examination, characterization, developmental stages, ribosomal RNA, mitochondrial DNA Tag der Promotion: 10.06.2015 Contents I INTRODUCTION ---------------------------------------------------- 1- 4 I.1 Background 1- 3 I.2 Study objectives 4 II LITERATURE OVERVIEW --------------------------------------- 5- 37 II.1 Taï National Park 5- 7 II.1.1 Location and climate 5- 6 II.1.2 Vegetation and fauna 6 II.1.3 Human pressure and impact on the park 7 II.2 Chimpanzees 7- 12 II.2.1 Status 7 II.2.2 Group sizes and composition 7- 9 II.2.3 Territories and ranging behavior 9 II.2.4 Diet and hunting behavior 9- 10 II.2.5 Contact with humans 10 II.2.6
    [Show full text]
  • Leadbetterella Byssophila Type Strain (4M15)
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Complete genome sequence of Leadbetterella byssophila type strain (4M15). Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/907989cw Journal Standards in genomic sciences, 4(1) ISSN 1944-3277 Authors Abt, Birte Teshima, Hazuki Lucas, Susan et al. Publication Date 2011-03-04 DOI 10.4056/sigs.1413518 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Standards in Genomic Sciences (2011) 4:2-12 DOI:10.4056/sigs.1413518 Complete genome sequence of Leadbetterella byssophila type strain (4M15T) Birte Abt1, Hazuki Teshima2,3, Susan Lucas2, Alla Lapidus2, Tijana Glavina Del Rio2, Matt Nolan2, Hope Tice2, Jan-Fang Cheng2, Sam Pitluck2, Konstantinos Liolios2, Ioanna Pagani2, Natalia Ivanova2, Konstantinos Mavromatis2, Amrita Pati2, Roxane Tapia2,3, Cliff Han2,3, Lynne Goodwin2,3, Amy Chen4, Krishna Palaniappan4, Miriam Land2,5, Loren Hauser2,5, Yun-Juan Chang2,5, Cynthia D. Jeffries2,5, Manfred Rohde6, Markus Göker1, Brian J. Tindall1, John C. Detter2,3, Tanja Woyke2, James Bristow2, Jonathan A. Eisen2,7, Victor Markowitz4, Philip Hugenholtz2,8, Hans-Peter Klenk1, and Nikos C. Kyrpides2* 1 DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany 2 DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, USA 3 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico USA 4 Biological Data Management and Technology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA 5 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA 6 HZI – Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany 7 University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, California, USA 8 Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia *Corresponding author: Nikos C.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article (PDF)
    OCCASIONAL PAPER NO. 240 Stlldies on plant and soil Nematodes associated with crops of economic importance in Gujarat QAISER H. BAQRI PADMA BOHRA ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA OCCASIONAL PAPER NO. 240 RECORDS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA Studies on plant and soil Nematodes associated with crops of economic importance in Gujarat. QAISER H. BAQRI AND PADMA BOHRA Desert Regional Station, Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jhalan1and, Jodhpur - 342 005 Edited by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. Zoological Survey of India Kolkata CITATION Dr. BAQRI Qaiser H. & Dr. BOHRA Padma., 2005. Studies on Plant and Soil Nematodes Associated with Crops of Economic Importance in Gujarat of the Zoological Survey of India, : Rec. zool. Surv. India, Occasional Paper No. 240 : 1-48 (Published by the Director, Zoo I. Surv. India) Published : July, 2005 ISBN 81-8171-076-2 © Govt. of India, 2005 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, el~ctronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. • This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, resold hired out or otherwise disposed of without the publisher's consent, in an form of binding or cover other than that in which, it is published. • The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page. Any revised price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other means is incorrect and should be unacceptable.
    [Show full text]
  • SCRI Annual Report 1994
    Scottish Crop Research Institute Annual Report 1994 Contents on page 4 Governing Body Chairman J.L.Millar, C.B.E., C.A. Professor Heather M. Dick, M.D., F.R.C.P. Glas., F.R.C.Path., F.I.Biol., F.R.S.E. J.B. Forrest, F.R.Ag.S. J.E. Godfrey Professor J.D. Hayes, B.Sc., M.S., Ph.D., F.I.Biol. J.A. Inverarity, O.B.E. A.M. Jacobsen Professor D.L. Lee, B.Sc., Ph.D., C.Biol., F.I.Biol., F.R.S.A. A. Logan A.N. MacCallum, B.Sc.. (w.e.f. 1/4/95) Professor T.A. Mansfield, Ph.D., F.I.Biol., F.R.S. Professor J.W. Parsons, B.Sc., Ph.D., F.I.Biol. Professor J.A. Raven, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S.E., F.R.S. G. Rennie Professor A.R. Slabas, B.Sc., D.Phil. (w.e.f. 1/4/95) L.M. Thomson T.P.M. Thomson Accountants : KPMG, Royal Exchange, Dundee. Solicitors : Dundas and Wilson C.S., Saltire Court, 20 Castle Terrace, Edinburgh. Banking : Bank of Scotland, 11-19 Reform Street, Dundee. Patent Agents : Murgitroyd & Co, 373 Scotland Street, Glasgow. Supervisory Medical Officers : Dr Ann Simpson & Dr S Mitchell, Occupational Health Service, Panmure House, 4 Dudhope Terrace, Dundee. Occupational Health and Safety Agency : Mr J.R. Brownlie, 18-20 Hill Street, Edinburgh. Scottish Crop Research Institute Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK. A charitable company (No. SC006662) limited by guarantee No. 29367 (Scotland) and registered at the above address.
    [Show full text]
  • An Abstract of the Thesis Of
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Sarah A. Maxfield-Taylor for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology presented on March 26, 2014. Title: Natural Enemies of Native Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Western Oregon Abstract approved: _____________________________________________ Sujaya U. Rao Bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) are important native pollinators in wild and agricultural systems, and are one of the few groups of native bees commercially bred for use in the pollination of a range of crops. In recent years, declines in bumble bees have been reported globally. One factor implicated in these declines, believed to affect bumble bee colonies in the wild and during rearing, is natural enemies. A diversity of fungi, protozoa, nematodes, and parasitoids has been reported to affect bumble bees, to varying extents, in different parts of the world. In contrast to reports of decline elsewhere, bumble bees have been thriving in Oregon on the West Coast of the U.S.A.. In particular, the agriculturally rich Willamette Valley in the western part of the state appears to be fostering several species. Little is known, however, about the natural enemies of bumble bees in this region. The objectives of this thesis were to: (1) identify pathogens and parasites in (a) bumble bees from the wild, and (b) bumble bees reared in captivity and (2) examine the effects of disease on bee hosts. Bumble bee queens and workers were collected from diverse locations in the Willamette Valley, in spring and summer. Bombus mixtus, Bombus nevadensis, and Bombus vosnesenskii collected from the wild were dissected and examined for pathogens and parasites, and these organisms were identified using morphological and molecular characteristics.
    [Show full text]
  • PETITION to LIST the Rusty Patched Bumble Bee Bombus Affinis
    PETITION TO LIST The rusty patched bumble bee Bombus affinis (Cresson), 1863 AS AN ENDANGERED SPECIES UNDER THE U.S. ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT Female Bombus affinis foraging on Dalea purpurea at Pheasant Branch Conservancy, Wisconsin, 2012, Photo © Christy Stewart Submitted by The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation Prepared by Sarina Jepsen, Elaine Evans, Robbin Thorp, Rich Hatfield, and Scott Hoffman Black January 31, 2013 1 The Honorable Ken Salazar Secretary of the Interior Office of the Secretary Department of the Interior 18th and C Street N.W. Washington D.C., 20240 Dear Mr. Salazar: The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation hereby formally petitions to list the rusty patched bumble bee (Bombus affinis) as an endangered species under the Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq. This petition is filed under 5 U.S.C. 553(e) and 50 CFR 424.14(a), which grants interested parties the right to petition for issue of a rule from the Secretary of the Interior. Bumble bees are iconic pollinators that contribute to our food security and the healthy functioning of our ecosystems. The rusty patched bumble bee was historically common from the Upper Midwest to the eastern seaboard, but in recent years it has been lost from more than three quarters of its historic range and its relative abundance has declined by ninety-five percent. Existing regulations are inadequate to protect this species from disease and other threats. We are aware that this petition sets in motion a specific process placing definite response requirements on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and very specific time constraints upon those responses.
    [Show full text]
  • This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
    This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: • This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. • A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. • This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. • The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. • When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. A synthetic biology approach to cellulose degradation Sahreena Lakhundi PhD School of Biological Sciences The University of Edinburgh 2011 Declaration: I hereby declare that the research presented in this thesis is my own unless otherwise mentioned. Sahreena Lakhundi 2011 Acknowledgements: Every man owes a great deal to others and I am no exception. First and foremost, I would like to acknowledge the help on this, for Dr. Chris French for his unfailing guidance and encouragement. Second, I want to give my special thanks to Higher Education Commission, Govt. Of Pakistan, whose generosity made it possible to pursue my goals. I would also like to acknowledge the support and assistance of fellow researchers Nimisha Joshi, Lorenzo Pasotti, Damian Barnard, Joseph White, Chao Kuo Liu, Steve Kane and Eugene Fletcher.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Molecular Signatures (Conserved Proteins and Indels) That Are Specific for the Bacteroidetes and Chlorobi Species Radhey S Gupta* and Emily Lorenzini
    BMC Evolutionary Biology BioMed Central Research article Open Access Phylogeny and molecular signatures (conserved proteins and indels) that are specific for the Bacteroidetes and Chlorobi species Radhey S Gupta* and Emily Lorenzini Address: Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8N3Z5, Canada Email: Radhey S Gupta* - [email protected]; Emily Lorenzini - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 8 May 2007 Received: 21 December 2006 Accepted: 8 May 2007 BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007, 7:71 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-71 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/7/71 © 2007 Gupta and Lorenzini; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: The Bacteroidetes and Chlorobi species constitute two main groups of the Bacteria that are closely related in phylogenetic trees. The Bacteroidetes species are widely distributed and include many important periodontal pathogens. In contrast, all Chlorobi are anoxygenic obligate photoautotrophs. Very few (or no) biochemical or molecular characteristics are known that are distinctive characteristics of these bacteria, or are commonly shared by them. Results: Systematic blast searches were performed on each open reading frame in the genomes of Porphyromonas gingivalis W83, Bacteroides fragilis YCH46, B. thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482, Gramella forsetii KT0803, Chlorobium luteolum (formerly Pelodictyon luteolum) DSM 273 and Chlorobaculum tepidum (formerly Chlorobium tepidum) TLS to search for proteins that are uniquely present in either all or certain subgroups of Bacteroidetes and Chlorobi.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Uptake by the Insect-Parasitic Nematode, Sphaerularia Bombi (Tylenchida)
    Food Uptake by the Insect-parasitic Nematode, Sphaerularia bombi (Tylenchida) GEORGE O. POINAR, JR. and ROBERTA HESS 1 Abstract: The insect-parasitic female of Sphaerularia bombi everts its uterus and associated reproductive structures into the body cavity of its bumblebee host. This uterine sac then takes over the normal functions of the parasite and leads an independent existence. An examination of this sac shows that the surface of the uterine cells are differentiated into a network of saccular indentations separating off fine cytoplasmic extensions. The folding of adjacent cytoplasmic extensions around portions of the host's hemolymph results in the formation of pinocytotic vacuoles. Intracellular vacuoles are also formed at the base of the saccular indentations. It appears that the first stage of intracellular digestion in S. bombi initially occurs by pinocytosis in the outer surface of the uterine cells. The inner and outer surfaces of the ovary and oviduct are modified into lobelike projections to increase the absorptive surface area, and electron-dense droplets originating in this tissue were also observed in the developing eggs. The hypothesis is presented that soluble nutrients are passed into the ovary-oviduct tissue where, after being reconstituted into droplets, they enter the developing eggs. Key Words: nourishment, parasite, bumblebee. Little information is available on the uptake hemocoel where they develop to third-stage ef nutrients by nematodes. Absorption juveniles (3). Since there is no growth or normally occurs through the intestinal cells, development of the original female, it appeared although simple diffusion of nutrients may also that host nutrients must be absorbed by the occur through the cuticle in animal-parasitic uterus, which has assumed an independent role.
    [Show full text]
  • The Prevalence of the Parasitic Nematode Sphaerularia Sp. in the Overwintering Gynes of Parapol
    JHR 38: 37–43 (2014) The prevalence of the parasitic nematodeSphaerularia sp... 37 doi: 10.3897/JHR.38.6562 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.pensoft.net/journals/jhr The prevalence of the parasitic nematode Sphaerularia sp. in the overwintering gynes of Parapolybia spp. (Hymenoptera, Polistinae) Fuki Saito-Morooka1 1 Department of Environment Systems, Faculty of Geo-environmental Science, Rissho University, Kumagaya 360-0194, Japan Corresponding author: Fuki Saito-Morooka ([email protected]) Academic editor: Jack Neff | Received 4 November 2013 | Accepted 25 April 2014 | Published 12 June 2014 http://zoobank.org/AF74A7A9-12F5-418E-A239-C07280A474F5 Citation: Saito-Morooka F (2014) The prevalence of the parasitic nematode Sphaerularia sp. in the overwintering gynes of Parapolybia spp. (Hymenoptera, Polistinae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 38: 37–43. doi: 10.3897/JHR.38.6562 Abstract I report for the first time the parasitization of overwintering gynes of Parapolybia species by the ento- mogenous nematode Sphaerularia sp. (Tylenchidae). The nematode was found in 42% of the overwin- tering wasp clusters examined but occurred in only 6% of individual wasps. The prevalence of parasitic nematodes among group hibernating hymenoptera is briefly discussed and compared with that in solitary hibernating hymenopterans. Keywords Parapolybia, group hibernation, gyne, parasitic nematode, Polistinae Introduction The parasitic nematodes of social hymenopterans include Mermithidae, Pheromermis pachysoma (von Linstow), for Vespula spp. (Poinar et al. 1975; Edwards 1980) and Tylenchidae, Sphaerularia bombi Dufour, 1837, for Bombus spp. (Poinar and van der Laan 1972; Poinar and Hess 1972; McCorquodale et al. 1998; Schmid-Hempel 1998) and S. vespae Kanzaki et al., 2007, for Vespa simillima Smith (Sayama et al.
    [Show full text]
  • E PLANTAS: Fundamentos E Importância
    NEMATOLOGIA DE PLANTAS: fundamentos e importância ii NEMATOLOGIA DE PLANTAS: fundamentos e importância Organizado por Luiz Carlos C. Barbosa Ferraz Docente aposentado da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brasil Derek John F inlay Brown Pesquisador aposentado do Scottish Crop Research Institute (SCRI), atual James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Escócia uma publicação da iii Sociedade Brasileira de Nematologia / SBN Sede atual: Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro / CCTA. Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 – Parque California 28013-602 – Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ) – Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Telefone: (22) 3012-4821 Site: http://nematologia.com.br © Sociedade Brasileira de Nematologia 2016. Todos os direitos reservados. É vedada a reprodução desta publicação, ou de suas partes, na forma impressa ou por outros meios, sem prévia autorização do representante legal da SBN. A sua utilização poderá vir a ocorrer estritamente para fins didáticos, em caráter eventual e com a citação da fonte. Ficha catalográfica elaborada por Marilene de Sena e Silva - CRB/AM Nº 561 F368 n FERRAZ, L.C.C.B.; BROWN, D.J.F. Nematologia de plantas: fundamentos e importância. L.C.C.B. Ferraz e D.J.F. Brown (Orgs.). Manaus: NORMA EDITORA, 2016. 251 p. Il. ISBN: 978-85-99031-26-1 2. Nematologia. 2. Doenças de plantas. 3. Vermes. I. Ferraz & Brown. II. Título. CDD: 632 iv Para Maria Teresa, Alex e Thais, que souberam entender a minha irresistível atração pela Nematologia e aceitar as muitas horas de plena dedicação a ela. In memoriam Alexandre M. Cintra Goulart, Anário Jaehn, Dimitry Tihohod, José Julio da Ponte, Luiz G.
    [Show full text]
  • Bumble Bees and Their Parasites Across European Communities: Sphaerularia Bombi in Native and Non-Native Hosts
    Bumble bees and their parasites across European communities: Sphaerularia bombi in native and non-native hosts Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) University of London Royal Holloway, University of London Egham Surrey TW20 0EX Catherine Mary Jones September 2013 1 Declaration page I, Catherine Mary Jones, declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, it is always clearly stated. Catherine Mary Jones 2 Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor, Mark Brown, for selecting me as his first PhD student at Royal Holloway, University of London. Without his support and encouragement, the four years of my research would not have been possible. I would also like to thank my advisor, Vincent Jansen, and the technical and administration staff in the School of Biological Sciences, especially Tracey Jeffries, Rob Prouse and Sue Baldwin. I am grateful to the BBSRC for the DTG to fund my research and the YES and Vitae courses that I attended. My thanks also go to Joe Colgan for sharing his knowledge about Irish bumble bees and nematodes, to Roland Loosli, Paul and Regula Schmid-Hempel for helping with my fieldwork in Zurich, to Joe Colgan, Jim Carolan, and Nicola Marples for helping with my fieldwork in Dublin, and to Heather Rumble for looking after my bees in the lab while I was away. I would like to thank all the members of the Brown Lab at Royal Holloway, for their support in the Bee Room and the Ecology Lab, especially Matthias Fürst and Gemma Baron - and for organising so many fabulous social events.
    [Show full text]