VOLUME 18 NO.6 JUNE 2018 JOURNAL The Association of Jewish Refugees

Freud in Exile REACHING HEARTS & MINDS On 6 June 1938, exactly eighty years ago, Sigmund Freud, with his wife, Martha, and daughter, Anna, arrived in London. Summer is truly here and the Royal Wedding has not been the only thing He was the most famous refugee from post-Anschluss Vienna to touch our hearts. Lots of meaningful and was lucky to get out. His escape was the result of intense events and activities are covered in this issue, including a very evocative report diplomatic activity. The American Consul in Vienna, the US about the recent March of the Living, State Department and the American Ambassador in Berlin were written by one of the AJR’s own staff. all involved. While waiting for the crucial visas that would Meanwhile the AJR’s letters bag has been enable him to leave Vienna, Freud wrote to his son Ernst in full to bursting. Many people directly responded to other letters and articles London, expressing his wish “to die in freedom.” His wish was that appeared in recent issues of our granted, though three sisters were later to die in the camps. Journal. We welcome all feedback and have tried to reflect our members’ wide- ranging opinions within these pages.

Please join us in sending a hearty mazeltov to the new Duke and Duchess of Sussex.

Buchenwald reflections...... 3 Cellist in the Reichstag...... 4 Letter from Israel...... 5 Letters to the Editor...... 6 & 7 Art Notes...... 8 At your service: AJR Trustees...... 9 Abortion – a perspective...... 10 Yom Hashoah reports...... 11 Reviews...... 12 Belsize connections...... 13 Around the AJR...... 14 Looking for...... 15 March of the Living...... 16 & 17 Obituaries...... 18 Adverts...... 19 Events & exhibitions...... 20

AJR Team Sigmund Freud Chief Executive Michael Newman Finance Director David Kaye

Freud was not the first leading Freud’s flight stood for two other Heads of Department psychoanalyst to seek refuge in significant moments in 20th century HR & Administration Karen Markham London but his arrival was a hugely culture. First, he was one of the great Social Services Sue Kurlander symbolic moment. It symbolised the Jewish refugee thinkers driven from Community & Volunteer Services Carol Hart flight of psychoanalysis, driven from German-speaking Europe in the 1930s. AJR Journal Nazi-dominated central Europe. It also Psychoanalysis, which had emerged Editor Jo Briggs confirmed that Britain and America were first in Vienna in the 1890s and 1900s Editorial Assistant Lilian Levy places of freedom and relative sanctuary and then in Budapest and Berlin, was Contributing Editor David Herman Secretarial/Advertisements Karin Pereira for two generations of European Jews. Continued on page 2

1 AJR Journal | June 2018

Freud in Exile (cont.) was that the language of psychoanalysis and psychiatrists trained in hospitals in after the war was English not German Britain, such as DW Winnicott, Charles one of the great cultural revolutions of just as Freud’s home was in London not Rycroft and John Bowlby, who all the time, a crucial part of Modernism, Vienna. originally studied medicine and went on which influenced poets, writers and to develop hugely original ideas about filmmakers as much as psychologists We shouldn’t just speak of Britain’s gain, attachment theory and mothering. and philosophers. “They were young however. The psychoanalytic exodus Refugee analysts brought their ideas but and easily freudened,” wrote James was part of a huge loss for German- it wasn’t just one way. The new culture Joyce, whose daughter was diagnosed speaking Europe. In 1933 about 2,000 of psychoanalysis in Britain had a central as schizophrenic by Carl Jung. Virginia psychiatrists were living in Germany European accent, but it was also very Woolf’s publishing house, The Hogarth alone. By the beginning of the Second British, as much Darwin as Freud, much Press, published Freud’s works in World War, about 600, one-third, had less about sexual and death drives and English. We cannot read Hamlet, look emigrated, including the vast majority more about mothering and infants. at a painting by Dali or watch a film by of psychoanalysts. Very few analysts Hitchcock without thinking of Freud and remained in Austria or Germany. Most The gain to the English-speaking world psychoanalysis. When Freud was forced were Jewish, many on the Left (though was incalculable. The loss to central to leave Vienna soon after the Anschluss Freud himself was a lifelong liberal). Europe was devastating. Almost none it said something about the clash There was only one non-Jew in the of the psychoanalytic refugees returned between Fascism and modern, liberal Vienna Psycho-Analytical Society in 1938 to their homeland. The Vienna Psycho- culture. and he left later. Analytical Society was refounded in 1946 but only with four full members. Secondly, Freud’s arrival in London In other words, a whole generation symbolised a larger shift within of leading psychoanalytic thinkers, It wasn’t just a loss to psychoanalysis psychoanalysis itself, from German- in addition to Freud, left Austria and in central Europe. Analysts like Bruno speaking Vienna to the English-speaking Germany. A roll call of the psychoanalytic Bettelheim (The Empty Fortress, The world. Freud knew this was happening. refugees who came to Britain and Uses of Enchantment), Wilhelm Reich In March 1939 he wrote to his colleague America would include the founders (The Sexual Revolution) and Erich (and later biographer) Ernest Jones, “The of ego psychology (Anna Freud, Heinz Fromm (Fear of Freedom, The Sane events of the past years have brought it Hartmann, Rudolph Loewenstein, Society) had a considerable influence about that London has become the main Ernst Kris); two important theorists of on thinking in America in a number of site and centre of the psychoanalytic narcissism (Heinz Kohut who went to areas, from understanding fairy stories movement.” By then he had already Chicago and Otto Kernberg who went and thinking about concentration camp made his home in Maresfield Gardens in to New York); Melanie Klein and Anna victims to larger questions about society, Hampstead, where he was visited by Dali, Freud revolutionised child analysis in sexuality and human destructiveness. HG Wells, Stefan Zweig and the young London; leading Kleinians including Psychoanalytic ideas fed into some of Isaiah Berlin among others. He was even Herbert Rosenfeld and Hanna Segal also the thinking of the Frankfurt School, interviewed by the BBC. Psychoanalysis came to London, changing the centre of influenced Sartre and de Beauvoir; and now had to make its home in London gravity away from Freud’s early ideas; Jacques Lacan, a French psychoanalyst and in America. The irony is that the Fritz Perls developed Gestalt therapy in trained by Rudolph Loewenstein in Paris great psychoanalytic exodus did not South Africa; Erik Erikson left Frankfurt, in the 1930s before Loewenstein fled to destroy psychoanalysis. It accelerated Margaret Mahler left Berlin and Erich New York in 1942, became one of the its worldwide dissemination, to Britain Fromm left Heidelberg. key figures of French post-structuralism in and America, but also South Africa and the 1960s and ‘70s. Buenos Aires (which now has more These analysts didn’t just contribute their psychoanalysts per capita than any other own ideas. They trained new generations When Freud came to Britain eighty city in the world). of leading analysts on both sides of the years ago he brought the excitement of Atlantic and introduced psychoanalysis central European ideas and an important It wasn’t just Freud who came to England. into the larger culture. Think of Portnoy’s new way of thinking about the mind The translation of 24 volumes of Freud’s analyst in Philip Roth’s Portnoy’s and what makes us who we are. At 82, works into English (the so-called Standard Complaint. He speaks in a thick German already desperately ill with cancer, he Edition) was also hugely important. accent. Bruno Bettelheim had a cameo was not going to add significantly to his It didn’t just confirm that English was appearance in Woody Allen’s Zelig. legacy. However, through a generation the new language of psychoanalysis. It In recent years, with characters like of refugee analysts his ideas changed the changed the meaning of many of its key Frasier and the analyst in The Sopranos, way we think. But psychoanalysis was concepts. Its language was more Greek psychoanalysts speak with an American also changed. Britain and psychoanalysis and Latin (id, ego, superego, cathexis) accent. were both enriched. It was a classic story than German (Ich, Es, Uber-Ich), and of the impact of European Jews on British more medical and scientific than Freud’s After the war there was a rich synthesis life and culture. The great loser from this original. This translation had already between young British and American exodus, however, was German-speaking started in the 1920s, before Freud analysts and German-speaking refugees, central Europe. arrived, but publication didn’t begin until between Jews and gentiles, those trained the 1950s. The crucial point, however, in Vienna and Berlin and medical doctors David Herman

2 AJR Journal | June 2018 A GREAT FRIEND Buchenwald Reflections AJR Chief Executive Michael Newman recently addressed guests at the annual memorial for Jewish prisoners at Buchenwald, which this year marked the 73rd anniversary of the camp’s liberation. These are his reflections.

Yiwei Wang is a second-year BSc Psychology student at UCL. In February 2017 she became a volunteer befriender for the AJR, regularly visiting Helga Littman in Wembley. This extract is taken from an interview she recently gave to her students’ union:

“I’m really interested in German history and WW2 – especially the Holocaust and what happened to Jewish people. Michael Newman speaking at Buchenwald My client is in her 80s and we talk about many different things, like she As if the degradation and inhumanity As well as surviving for 18 months as a remembers things in Germany, or of being forced to labour in a quarry slave labourer, he also came through the about living in London. She once let for 12 hours a day with meagre rations, tuberculosis epidemic that was rife at the her house to some Japanese people, so having already endured a two-hour roll time of his arrival in the barrack where he she actually knows a lot about Asian call, were not enough, at the return was initially housed. culture, and asks me about differences from being used as a slave, prisoners at between Japanese and Chinese culture. Buchenwald had to tend to a flower and The functioning of a well-run operation At UCL you mainly deal with younger vegetable garden sited alongside each of was uppermost in Nazi priorities. people but she has a lot more to talk the barracks. This additional work was Following his death, his possessions, about because of the experiences she’s supposedly in the prisoners’ ‘free time’ together with the modest balance of had in life. So I can really talk to her but punishments were meted out where Reichsmarks from his prisoner money, about everything.” the greenery looked unkempt. were returned, with great efficiency in the middle of the war, to my great The Kommandant at Buchenwald, Karl- grandmother in Cologne. And it is in Otto Koch, was so determined to make Cologne, on the pavement outside his camp distinctive that, rather than use where they lived, that our family has Data the same sign above the entrance gate arranged for Stolpersteine. Pedestrians as at other places of persecution, Arbeit encounter these memorials throughout protection Macht Frei (Work makes you free), he the city; we saw plaques for a three commissioned a group to come up with year old boy deported to Auschwitz As you might have heard on the an alternative. The result: Jedem Das and a 90 year old lady taken to news, on 25 May the UK introduced Seine – “to each his own” or “to each Theresienstadt. a General Data Protection Regulation what he deserves” – spoke to the deep (GDPR) law to help protect privacy. psychological damage the Nazis sought To be invited to speak about him at to cause alongside the physical brutality. Buchenwald, to say his name there and Like many organisations, the AJR walk around the perimeter of the very has conducted an extensive data It was these conditions that my great barrack where he ‘lived’; to be able to say protection programme and revised grandfather, Meyer Geppert, endured Kaddish outside the Jewish block and take some of our processes to ensure for 18 months from October 1939. His the walk from his barrack to the infirmary that all our members’ data is safe death, aged 55, in April 1941, is recorded to replicate his final journey, were a great and used appropriately. Our Head as heart failure and lung tuberculosis comfort to me, my father and my sister, of HR Karen Markham is the official but this could have been a euphemism. with whom I shared this journey – and Data Privacy Officer for AJR and can Prisoners reporting to the infirmary were one which we are already passing on to answer any questions about how we often given lethal injections or simply the next generation. look after your information. shot. Prior to persecution he had been a textile merchant. Michael Newman

3 AJR Journal | June 2018 Cellist hits the right note in the Reichstag

Anita Lasker Wallfisch, a cellist in the Women’s Orchestra of Auschwitz and a survivor of Bergen- Belsen, addressed the German parliament on the 73rd anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz. She felt it particularly apposite to have been invited to do so this year as the right-wing AfD party was present for the first time, and she took the opportunity to make a strong plea for tolerance and inclusivity.

In the presence of Wolfgang Schäuble war neared its end the two sisters were were looking for survivors to give them (Bundestag President), Chancellor Angela summarily transported to Belsen - where more information about the camp. It was Merkel, parliamentarians and dignitaries, they remained in the Displaced Persons a decisive moment for Anita: she made she congratulated Germany on its Camp after April 1945 with no home to the contact, gave the organisers help exemplary response to the modern refugee go to any more. and information and consequently the crisis. After the depths of degradation commemoration site is now a dignified, reached during the National Socialist Anita has written a powerful book worthy memorial. era, Anita said the German nation had entitled Inherit the Truth, 1939-1945. undergone a decades-long process of In addition to her wartime experiences The liberation of Belsen had been filmed self re-education and rehabilitation. Her she tells of finally arriving in England, by Alfred Hitchcock under the title “A speech to the Bundestag, which received resuming her cello studies and becoming Painful Reminder”. It was without sound a standing ovation, can be seen on the a founder member of the ECO, the so Anita, together with Rabbi Hugo internet in its original German or in an English Chamber Orchestra. She also met Gryn and Leon Greenman (both sole English translation. up again with Peter Wallfisch (a highly Belsen survivors) added a commentary. gifted pianist) whom she had known Anita still travels frequently to Germany There were three Lasker girls of whom from schooldays in Breslau. They married to address school children and large Anita (born 1925) was the youngest. in 1952 and had two children: Raphael organisations. She also spent a week at They were a cultured Jewish family from Wallfisch (cellist) and Maya Jacobs- the Spielberg Foundation in LA where Breslau and musical instruction began Wallfisch (consultant psychotherapist). she was filmed giving answers to 1,000 at an early age; Anita loved her cello pre-set questions. This will be turned into lessons with Leo Rostal and was already Having sworn never to set foot on a hologram so that in centuries to come an extremely competent player by the German soil again Anita finally did return, new generations posing these or similar age of 14, when war broke out. Only in the 1980s, because the ECO was questions can ‘see’ a survivor answering Marianne, the oldest sister, was able to invited to play in Celle and Soltau (near them. (Anita’s verdict on this is succinct: flee Germany. The parents were deported Belsen). It was then, while speaking to “Just bizarre”). and murdered while Anita and her middle a German, that she had her ‘light bulb’ sister, Renate, were sent first to prison moment of realising that one cannot With undiminished energy Anita and then separately to Auschwitz where hold people responsible for what their promotes her message of peaceful co- they were reunited by the merest chance. parents or grandparents did. Anita and existence and of learning lessons from other ECO members visited the site of the past. The AJR wishes her continuing The fact that Anita played the cello saved Bergen-Belsen which contained only strength in this important work and the girls’ lives: the ‘Orchestra’ was a one wooden construction and a few congratulates her on the recognition she mockery in those surroundings but the explanatory notices, all in German. A sign has received from the Bundestag. instrumentalists lived in marginally better from the local Council announced that conditions than other inmates. As the they intended to build a memorial and Lilian Levy

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LETTER FROM ISRAEL BY MIRRY REICH

A DAY WORTH I’m personally happy to be among So vividly different are the various the nationalists and patriots who reactions to Jerusalem Day! Maybe CELEBRATING wholeheartedly celebrate Yom it’s because it’s difficult to accept that Yerushalayim. The main event is miracles truly happen in our time? the “flag dance” when thousands It all depends of youngsters, whole schools and Jerusalem has been our capital city on where you families travel to Jerusalem to create a for many decades. President Trump place yourself scene of an enormous sea of flags. In recognises this so has decided to politically. There the shuls there are recitations of the move the US Embassy there, and are those who Hallel prayer for praise, parties with other countries are now following his wholeheartedly Jerusalem themes, singing of songs of example. But many other countries celebrate the day Jerusalem, special meals, and lectures in the world and many organisations of reunification and see it as nothing on Jerusalem. who are not renowned supporters less than miraculous that on 7 June of Israel are sour faced about the 1967, one day into the Six-Day War, In my home town, Kedumim, there are reunification of Jerusalem, and would Israeli forces captured the old city performances and celebrations and an like the city to be divided again, of Jerusalem which resulted in the atmosphere of excitement for being with the Palestinians able to claim reunification of Jerusalem as part of privileged to be in this era. The flags are the eastern side as their capital. This Israel. The anniversary of this date out in the streets and on the houses and viewpoint is part of the “Two state is known as Yom Yerushalayim or cars, all adding to the general holiday solution” that for the last 25 years Jerusalem Day which finally, after the feeling. has been talked about endlessly and lengthy galut (forced exile), resulted in has become a bit passé. So, most of Jerusalem being able to return to her The Ethiopian community also the world are not so happy to see former splendour. King David wrote commemorate Jerusalem Day – not by Israelis celebrate the unification of before the times of the first temple dancing with flags but with memorial Jerusalem. There are also a minority “Ke’ir shechubra lah yachdav”— services for the over 4000 Ethiopians percentage of Israelis (some of ”Built-up Jerusalem is like a city that who perished on the way to Jerusalem. whom happen to be in control of the was joined together” (Psalms 122:3). They call Israel Jerusalem. Sadness is mainstream media) who agree with mixed with joy, as is often the case here this and this is probably why most The following year, in 1968, the in Israel. people in the diaspora don’t hear so government proclaimed a new holiday much about Jerusalem Day. – Jerusalem Day – and in 1998 the So it’s a national holiday for the “knitted Knesset passed the Jerusalem Day kippot” and the Ethiopian community, In the meantime, I’m proud to be Law, making the day a national an optional holiday for many others, a among the “nationalists”. Maybe holiday. However it has never yet minor holiday to mention or ignore or it’s because I’m a second generation taken on as a total national holiday like to be even embarrassed by the emotion “Kind” and I have come to the Independence Day. In contrast to Yom and the enthusiasm of the “knitted conclusion that it is the answer to Hashoah, Yom Yerushalyim is optional. kippot”. “never again”.

Kleinman on J-TV SET DESIGNER IN NEWCASTLE

The North East England and Scotland multi-Bafta award winner, “Dreaming” meeting held in Gosforth was and many more. His latest project attended by 15 first and second focuses on the Influenza ward at Walter generation members. It was good Reed Hospital during the Spanish ‘flu to see three new second generation pandemic of 1918-19. members attending for the first time. J-TV recently went to Nottingham The guest speaker was Mike Ireland Mike’s presentation was followed by University to interview the incomparable of BBC Scotland. He started his career many questions and afternoon tea. We Leslie Kleinman about his experiences in the ‘80s buying props for the all enjoyed the event and look forward during the war and how he dealt with drama series “Lost Tribes”, followed to more meetings; thank you, Agnes, for his psychological trauma. The interview by the Maelstrom drama series for a very interesting afternoon. is available on YouTube. BBC 1 shot in Norway, “Tutti Frutti” a Judith Fodors

5 AJR Journal | June 2018 Letters to the Editor The Editor reserves the right to shorten correspondence submitted for publication.

PUBLISHING READERS’ LETTERS community) is an insult to the six million who Interpreting statistics requires more depth I was at first pleased to see that you died because of real antisemitism. than just comparing numbers. Correlation published my recent letter (which you Agnes Kory, London, NW3 and causation are not the same thing. headed HMD REMIT) in the May edition, Joan Salter, London, N10 but subsequently disappointed at the way it was abbreviated. SUSSEX FOR ARCHIVES Further to your important article ‘Want to PLASTIC WRAPPERS Naturally, I bow to the discretion of the record your story or donate your archives?’ I am dismayed that the AJR is continuing Editor, and I do note that the reason given (April), I would like to add the Centre for to use plastic wrappers when sending the for abbreviations is the “very high volume of German-Jewish Studies at the University of journal to members. It is totally unnecessary, letters received....” It is laudable that the level Sussex to the list of ‘organisations to consider given the appalling damage plastics are of interest in the Journal seems to be reflected donating your archives to’. causing to our environment and the fact that in the volume of correspondence. However, I either paper envelopes or degradable plastic note that certain correspondents feature with The Centre – which contains diaries, letters, can be easily substituted. extreme regularity on the Letters page. photographs, oral testimony, survival Mrs S. Dell, London NW11 narratives and other biographical sources Would it not be fairer to allow letters from recording the history of Jewish families NOTE FROM EDITOR: Our mailing house your more prolific correspondents to give from the Enlightenment to the late 20th bulk-bought a considerable stock of plastic way sometimes, so that letters from those century - houses material in ‘The Keep’, a wrappers some time ago. Rather than of us who write only occasionally can be centre of excellence for the conservation and dumping these, which would not help the included in their entirety? A whole chunk preservation of archives, used extensively environment, we are using them up with the of my letter was excluded, whilst I feel that by students of German-Jewish history and aim of introducing a more ecological option what was included did not wholly “retain the school groups. as quickly as possible. sense of the original correspondence.” Barbara Dean, Birmingham Some of the holdings can be seen at www.sussex.ac.uk/affiliates/gjfa/ and LETTERS FROM ISRAEL NOTE FROM EDITOR: We are delighted donations to the archive are welcomed. One of the first contributions I always turn that the size of our letters bag has doubled Diana Franklin, Sussex to when your excellent journal arrives is over the past 12 months. We always try [email protected] or ‘Letter from Israel’. It is like a breath of fresh to include as many as possible, and in +44 (0) 1273 678771 air when most of the news coming from deference to Mrs Dean are this month Israel nowadays can drive one to despair. giving precedence to the less prolific writers. Dorothea Shefer-Vanson’s article in the April Apologies to any regular contributors who BOYS v. GIRLS issue, describing a kindergarten where Jewish may be disappointed – please keep writing! Henri Obstfeld’s analysis of the number of and Arab children play together and where boys versus girls in the Kindertransports and their parents can meet on equal terms, shows the Child Survivors Association is interesting. there is still hope for the future. FEAR AND CONSEQUENCES However with the Kinder there may have Hungary’s right-wing government and their been a bias towards girls, as they were Israel has been central to my life even before leader, Victor Orban, have been re-elected considered easier to re-home in the UK than it first became a state and I was justifiably with a large majority. Their campaign was boys. As for the CSA, the discrepancy could proud of its achievements. Sadly the present dominated by masterfully manipulating fear be down to the fact that women are more government has betrayed the ideals of the of Muslim immigration to Hungary and of likely to join this type of group than men. founding fathers and those who fought and a take-over by George Soros. Consequently The impression I had at the reunion of the died for the country. This has been reflected many genuinely good people – including Belgian child survivors a few years ago was in the loss of support from Israel’s former several of my friends – voted for Orban. that it was a much more gender-balanced friends in Europe and even more worryingly group. Rather than the birth rate, this reflects from many Jews. Mirry Reich in her letter I am a member of the UK Labour Party the unique way children were hidden in (May 2018) refers to President Trump as and Momentum and have not seen any Belgium as well as networks that were being pro-Israel and pro-Jewish – if we have antisemitism in either. But I experience formed in the early post-war years. to rely on him, we really have problems! genuine and increasing fear among Jewish people who believe the accusation As for “The Boys” (the majority of whom I came to England as a child to escape Nazi of antisemitism in the Labour Party/ WERE boys), the numbers of this group racist persecution, and many of my family Momentum and who fear for their safety. relative to the total number of children who became victims of the Shoah. Because of this Weaponising antisemitism for political gains died – 1.5 million - are too small to draw any I hate racism in all its forms and pray that (and increasing fear among the Jewish real conclusions. one day in the future the people of Israel

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and Palestine will be friends and neighbours NOTE FROM EDITOR: In the spirit THE POWER OF WORDS in peace and security. The kindergarten of free speech and to give our regular In the last few years the media, TV et described by Dorothea and similar projects, correspondent, Dorothea Shefer-Vanson, a al, including the AJR Journal, have all, as such as co-operation between Israelis, little break we offered the aforementioned if acting on instructions from On High, Jordanians and Palestinians on revitalising the Mirry Reich the opportunity to write her own described everything German as Nazi. No River Jordan for the benefit of all, are small ‘Letter from Israel’ this month. See page 5. longer do we hear or read of the actions of steps towards this ideal. the German Army, Navy or Luftwaffe, or George Vulkan, Harrow the activities of the SS, as German. They WHITEWASHING THE HOLOCAUST? are all referred to as Nazi. Peter Phillips (April) questions school George Vulkan was not the only person to examiners’ choice of The Final Days as a text It is as if everything previously German, take issue with Mirry Reich’s letter in the for students? has now been white-washed, and re- May issue. Frank Land from Totnes in Devon invented as Nazi. Apparently, Germany wrote “Mirry Reich complains that the The White Rose Movement – the subject and the Germans as we knew them, did writer of the Letter from Israel has nothing of the book – comprised a few extremely not exist, pre Mrs Merkel. better to write about than the attempt to brave students who defied Munich’s Nazis by Peter Collins, Pinner, Middx. foster understanding between Jew and dropping anti-Nazi leaflets in their university, Arab in Israel by bringing together children knowing they would inevitably be severely from both groups in a common classroom. punished. The Scholl brother and sister who OTHER SNIPPETS Personally I think little is more important led the movement were eventually guillotined. Janos Fisher wonders where should the for the future of Israel than fostering that younger Jews flee from the increasing understanding.” Peter Philips agrees, writing I believe that the examiners were trying to antisemitism? He concludes “..the obvious “Wouldn’t it be lovely if the world destroyed illustrate that, despite the overwhelming choice is Israel, though it might not be these barriers between religions and we all support for the Nazi regime, there were just a that easy to settle down there because of lived in harmony? Ms. Reich, I am sorry but few incorruptible souls who tried their utmost the language, the climate and our age.” you are verging on racism.” to retain decency. Robert Avery believes that “A Labour Gordon Spencer, Barnet, Herts government with Jeremy Corbyn as PM Similar comments came from Anthony will not cause any problems for Jews”, Hallgarten QC, who felt Ms Reich’s letter recalling Oswald Mosely and his British was one of which “a racist troll would have SADLY MISINFORMED Union of Fascists in the 1930s, who never been proud”, and George Donath, who Reading about Poland (April) reminded me won a seat in Parliament. Fred Stern is wrote: “I can only admire the kindergarten of a friendly young Polish lad who worked in alarmed that “for the first time ever, operator and the parents, both Jews and our block of flats several decades ago. While murders in London have exceeded those Arabs, who bring up their children from a redecorating our sitting-room he spotted a of New York so far this year.” Finally very early age together to show that the two box of matzos. “They are what Jews make Victor Ross recommends “a compelling tribes of semites can live in peace. And if the with the blood of Christian children,” he said essay by the polymath George Steiner odd Sabra does marry an Arab I shall accept quite cheerily. “Everyone in Poland says so.” on the origins of antisemitism (“Errata”, it, as I have accepted my daughter marrying It was an eye-opener for me. Weidenfeld 1997) in which “…Steiner a non-Jew. The alternative cannot but attract argues that the Jew has given the world the label of apartheid. Others are as good as The picture by Josef Herman on the April a bad conscience.” Victor Ross asks “To we are and deserve being treasured as our front cover is hauntingly impressive. the blood libel, shall we have to add the own.” Margarete Stern, London, NW3 conscience libel?”

Meanwhile Mike Joseph from Wales wrote: “Your readers will form their own views FANCY A CRUISE? ERRATUM on Mirry Reich’s praise of Trump and her distaste for Jewish-Arab relations. But one Carol Rossen is planning a cruise for AJR Our obituary of Kurt Wilhelm factual error should be corrected. Mirry members in October/November for 11 Weinberg in the May issue Reich states her address as “Israel”. In fact, or 12 nights and destinations include omitted to state that he was born Ms Reich lives on land that Israel has been Portugal, Spain, Gibraltar and the Canary in Werther on 23 July 1924 and “holding ... in belligerent occupation” since Islands. Departure from Southampton died in London on 9 January 2018. 1967. (Source: Proceedings of the Israeli with coach travel included. A wrong year of birth was also Supreme Court sitting as the High Court of Contact [email protected] or given for Frank Meisler, who was Justice, June 30 2004.) In other words, in 020 8385 3070 for more info. born in 1925. occupied Palestine.”

7 AJR Journal | June 2018 ART NOTES: by Gloria Tessler

Claude Monet, The Beach at Trouville, 1870 La Grande Boucherie, Fred Uhlman

Perhaps the title Monet & Architecture at the National Gallery is misleading because the artist’s impressions of London Bridge, Le Havre, the bridge at Argenteuil, the Palazzo Dario in Venice and the ancient Rouen Cathedral, are his pure vision of light on water, the blend of soft ochre sunsets and blue skies, and the submerging of everything – streets and people – into a near mystical snowscape.

Monet‘s transition from realist landscape Gallery from June 30 – August 11. One can be stark, terrifying; a man who could paint painter to Impressionist and to the very only hope it will receive more space and nightmares. Masks, mountains, crucifixions, verge of abstraction, still evokes the sense better lighting there. The show was so dark screaming, grieving women jump out at you of a nature artist, someone who may have and cramped that it did no justice to this in unexpectedly soft sketches. He can be toyed with the industrialisation of cities, important artist’s work. grandiose and yet eloquent: in City, troops but finally returned to his true impulse: to of marching soldiers in red uniforms and paint what he felt within his pastoral scenes. The exhibition covers his work from 1928 - beefeaters are watched by crowds who are Monet is totally inside his work. 1971 and demonstrates his unusually broad hardly there. If there is a recurring theme scope, as he felt his way from his internment it is humanity dwarfed by nature, typified In The Church at Vétheuil (1878) and The drawings on the Isle of Man, evoking the by Welsh Slate Mines in Snow, 1959, in Customs Officer’s Cottage Varengeville, torture of captivity and the Church’s role which the awesome, snow-edged landscape you can almost sense Van Gogh breathing in the rise of German antisemitism, to his obscures the miniscule person walking down his neck, and there are looming early Mediterranean works, like the quirky towards it. This recurring figure evokes the presences in The Cour d’Albane (1892), and very French La Grande Boucherie, child which often appears in his art, inspired which foreshadow Frank Auerbach or painted during his Paris exile, in which by his new-born daughter Caroline. He Leon Kossoff. In his very French way chatting customers are dwarfed by bloody describes the child as “marching with sure, Monet evokes the English grandiosity of carcasses; his vibrant African scenes, the unfaltering steps through the valley of death Turner; the sun almost drops into the sea. bleak splendour of his Welsh mountains, or and terror – totally undisturbed, untouchable In London Monet follows the sun from his the solemn houses of Hampstead, where he and triumphant.” hotel window and paints its majestic hourly helped establish a refugee community and changes. In The Rue Montorgeuil, Paris: tried to become an Englishman. Annely Juda Fine Art The Feast Day of 30 June, he is at his most vibrant, portraying the tricolour floating from Did he succeed? In his changing rhythms 23 Dering Street windows and the people cheering below. he was also a Frenchman, a Welshman and (off New Bond Street) Until July 29 an African. Uhlman’s work has the touch Tel: 020 7629 7578 of everywhere. And his style, too, defies Fax: 020 7491 2139 The Making of an Englishman, Fred genre: is he a Primitive, an Expressionist, CONTEMPORARY Uhlman’s retrospective at Hampstead’s Symbolist, Surrealist or a combination of all PAINTING AND SCULPTURE Burgh House, tours to Newcastle’s Hatton four? For all his colourful naïvety, he can also

8 AJR Journal | June 2018

AT YOUR SERVICE: The AJR Trustees

According to www.gov.uk/ our operations. Philippa and David, for guidance/charity-trustee-whats- example, sit on the Finance Committee alongside Finance Director David Kaye involved, “Trustees have overall and jointly ensure that all financial control of a charity and are matters follow due diligence. Other sub- committees include institutional grant responsible for making sure it’s giving, Self Aid and the overall strategy of doing what it was set up to do. Oxfam abuse scandal just the latest in a long the AJR. They are the people who lead the line of reputation-shredding stories to hit the headlines over the last few years. This means “A key part of our role is ensuring we charity and decide how it is run.” that every aspect of the AJR’s activities has have clear policies and competent staff in In this latest article in our ‘At your to be conducted in a completely open and place,” explains Andrew. “Then it’s about transparent manner. allowing the executive staff the freedom service’ series, which explains to actually run the organisation and the work of the AJR, we look The nine AJR Trustees all carry out their roles implement its various programmes which, on a purely voluntary basis, and although I am proud to say, they all do very well.” specifically at the role of the AJR some have partly or even fully retired others Trustees. still have their day jobs to do. Most of them Unlike many charities that need to also hold other community roles, which helps concentrate on fund raising, the AJR is The AJR has nine Trustees, drawn from a to provide different perspectives to their AJR fortunate in having cash reserves. But variety of backgrounds of commerce and responsibilities. this in itself creates additional scrutiny professional qualifications. Collectively and need for transparency. Members they are responsible for the charitable Each Trustee brings his or her own skills have a right to expect that every penny company’s overall strategy, direction, set to the table. Philippa Strauss and David is invested prudently, responsibility for financial policy, the disbursement of Rothenberg, for example, both have very which ultimately lies with the Trustees. financial support, and for managing strong financial skills, while Frank Harding funds to benefit the membership. is a chartered accountant who has been Although the AJR’s constitution stipulates involved with Holocaust commemoration for nine Trustees, there is the option to Andrew Kaufman has chaired the Trustees many years. Eleanor Angel has exceptional extend this number to bring in fresh ideas for the past 20 years, overseeing some marketing and communication skills and skills. Any new Trustee would, of dramatic changes during his tenure. “The and Anthony Spiro has a long record of course, need to demonstrate the same AJR has developed from a small north success in investor relations and financial core qualities that are so ably displayed west London-based charity into a national communications. Trustees also represent by the existing Trustees: common sense, organisation that has social workers all the specific interests of particular member pragmatism, morality as well as being across the country and runs 43 regional groups, for example Sir Eric Reich arrived in creative – a sense of humour also helps. and specialist groups. We’ve also become England via a Kindertransport, Joanna Milan the UK’s leading benefactor of Holocaust was a child survivor, and Gaby Glassman has When asked how the role of Trustees educational programmes and we now unrivalled insights into how being Second might evolve in the future, Andrew have a recognised voice within the wider Generation can affect one’s life. believes that the needs of members will Jewish community,” he says. always come first. “Our main priority has These unique skills sets have facilitated always been to look after our members Of course it’s not just the AJR that has the creation of specialist sub-committees and make their lives more comfortable. changed. Nowadays all charities are whereby Trustees work hand-in-hand with This will never change,” he emphatically under tremendous scrutiny, with the the AJR executive to direct key aspects of states.

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9 AJR Journal | June 2018

Abortion in Ireland: Another Perspective

My first meeting – in the generally accepted meaning of the word – with my mother was 45 or so years after I was born.

As we got to know each other, I learnt the perpetrators are known. We all know about her childhood and teenage who envisaged, planned and executed years in Austria. There was her first the Holocaust, and I know – because love affair. It was with Siegfried, a she told me – that my mother had a handsome Hitler Youth, cutting a dash go at an abortion. I don’t know why it with his blond locks, brown shirt and failed; that was a question I left unasked. shiny black leather boots around town, Perhaps she just didn’t know how to do the same town – as it happens – in it properly. Greta Kernek in pre-war Linz, Austria which Adolf Hitler had spent his early years as he worried about his mother Fräulein Kernek chose abortion, while the nick of time, but she wasn’t problem- dying of cancer and saved up for Holocaust was not simply the unintended free. By the war’s end, she was a the cheapest tickets for his favourite consequence of a government young mother – and a penniless, Wagner at the Linz Opera House. programme of discrimination and stateless “enemy alien” – living Later, there was her refugee journey to persecution that had somehow got out of with a toddler in the home of a man London as a 19-year-old in 1939. She control and been taken over by a horde by whom she was employed as a had three Jewish grandparents. of psychotic gangsters, although some of housekeeper. One thing, as it were, them undoubtedly were. led to another with the employer, and I was told that not only was I the son she fell pregnant again. He told her he of a Holocaust survivor, but also one One of the very best histories of the didn’t want another child – his child – who had survived her do-it-yourself Third Reich is Mark Roseman’s relatively in the house and, truth to tell, the last abortion attempt. This permits me to short The Villa, The Lake, The Meeting*, thing she wanted was another child. join in the discussion by theologians an account of a 90-minute business-like “I was,” she told me, “very tired, I and others generated by Ireland’s gathering, at a small mansion in a Berlin didn’t have a maternal instinct, and upcoming referendum on a proposal suburb on January 20 1942 of 15 senior he could have kicked me out.” So she to repeal the country’s ban on government bureaucrats, SS and party chose abortion followed, after it failed, abortion. Some in Ireland put abortion officials summoned by the then head by adoption. She lied to the adoption as a crime on a par with the Holocaust. of the German security police, Reinhard people, telling them the child’s father – Heydrich. Minutes of the meeting, my father – was dead. He was, in fact, There can be no doubt that both also attended by Adolf Eichmann, the hiding in the kitchen. crimes – my mother’s attempted principal administrator of history’s best abortion pre-dated reform in England recorded genocide, were taken and As I’m not a theologian and – unlike – took place, and that the identities of stored. Found in the smoking ruins many Austrians – not much of a of Berlin, they became known as the philosopher, I steer well clear of the Wannsee Protocol. arguments around the significance of an unborn child, however many weeks The purpose of the meeting was not to since its conception. What I am clear inaugurate the start of the Holocaust, about in my own mind is that there is since everybody sitting around the table not the slightest scintilla of equivalence knew it was already under way, but to between the hard, personal choice my impress on the people running the civilian mother made and the premeditated ministries – especially those in charge of nature of industrially organised the railways – of the need to get on with genocide. it. After the meeting, Eichmann recalled during his trial in Jerusalem, cognac was David Kernek served. *The Villa, The Lake, The Meeting, David Kernek Greta Kernek got out of Austria in the Mark Roseman, Penguin Press, £9.99.

10 AJR Journal | June 2018

ALWAYS REMEMBER

Over 5,000 people across the UK pledged to ‘always remember’ during this year’s Yom Hashoah commemorations, when thousands of people also attended one of the dozens of local, regional and national events held on or around 11 April.

The AJR took part in the National antisemitism. She stated: ‘Our aim is not to Holocaust Commemoration in Hyde allow it to fester and remain’. Park on 15 April, while AJR members were represented at the majority of Chair of Pinner’s Yom Hashoah committee regional events. One such example was and AJR Trustee Gaby Glassman Pinner, where over 350 visitors, including concluded: ‘Our event marked the 80th the Slovak Ambassador, the Chargés anniversary of the Kindertransport, which d’Affaires of the Austrian and German enabled nearly 10,000 young lives to be Embassies and other senior diplomats saved. It is relevant today because once She then expanded her school to take and dignitaries, were welcomed on 11 again we see children fleeing. In 1938- in a sizeable number of Kindertransport April to Pinner Synagogue to pay tribute 1939 support was organised, now there children, myself included.” to those who came to Britain 80 years is antagonism and bureaucracy. We giveYHUK 2018 Lecturn sign.indd 1 12/04/2018 10:50 ago on the Kindertransport. thanks for the humanity then and question The AJR will honour Anna Essinger’s its absence now.’ contributions at a special ceremony in Ann and Bob Kirk, who as children Kent on 25 June – see back page. left Berlin and Hanover respectively, Leslie Baruch Brent, who attended the spoke movingly about their experiences Pinner event, wrote: “So many buttons Meanwhile a new survey in the of antisemitic harassment and the were correctly pressed during the United States found critical gaps both courage and selflessness of their parents course of the evening. I was delighted in awareness of basic facts as well as in arranging their departure on this to find that, among those whose major detailed knowledge of the Holocaust. unique humanitarian programme. Each contribution has often been acknowledged According to the Claims Conference- described with great poignancy their – the Jewish community in Berlin, Wilfrid funded survey, a significant majority farewells to parents whom they were Israel, Lord Samuel, the Quakers and of American adults believe that fewer never to see again. Though life was of course the British government which people care about the Holocaust today difficult at first they eventually adapted allowed the refugee children to enter than they used to, and more than half and settled. the country without individual visas (on of Americans believe that the Holocaust certain conditions) - the name of Anna could happen again. There is a broad- The Chargé d’Affaires of the German Essinger surfaced. Upon being requested based consensus that schools must be Embassy, Tania Freiin von Uslar- to fly a swastika in 1933 she moved responsible for providing comprehensive Gleichen, responded by acknowledging her co-educational boarding school Holocaust education. The full survey Germany’s guilt for the Holocaust and (Landschulheim) from Ulm in southern results can be seen at its determination to confront current Germany to the North Downs of Kent. www.claimscon.org/study/.

Mayor of London Sadiq Khan talks with AJR member Judy Benton at the Six Kinder lit candles at the Pinner event on 11 April. From left to right: national commemoration event on 15 April Bob Kirk, Eve Willman, Ann Kirk, Carry Sherman, Leslie Baruch Brent, Ernest Simon © Stephen Gee

11 AJR Journal | June 2018

although their marriage was always memory into the present and future, REVIEWS stormy. through narration of individual and personal accounts. The project is intended THE DAUGHTER WHO SOLD HER There are some lighter, moving touches as a record of unique personal stories MOTHER: such as Sara’s immense pride in dressing before the Holocaust slips out of living A Biographical Memoir by her daughter. Then, ever restless, she memory and into a future without eye- Irena Powell emigrated to Israel to join siblings - witnesses. AuthorHouse buying a flat and working as a social Kathy Cohen ISBN 978 1 5049 4436 6 worker - leaving her husband and daughter behind. Homesick, she returned This incredible story of a Jewish to Poland before the 1968 political FROM KRAKÓW TO BERKELEY woman bringing her baby daughter crisis following a fresh wave of Jewish By Anna Rabkin up in hiding in Nazi-occupied Poland persecution. Vallentine Mitchell is told in Irena Powell’s fascinating ISBN 978 1 91038370 4 memoir of her mother, Sara. The couple both lost their jobs and Romek was expelled from the communist Subtitled ‘An immigrant’s search for Born in Galicia, Sara Rubinstein led party. Paradoxically, having survived in identity and belonging’, this is the a turbulent life in several countries wartime Poland, events forced them to autobiography of Anna Rabkin, a shy including Poland, the Soviet Union, flee for good, living in Frankfurt for nearly Polish girl born into a comfortable Jewish Israel, Germany and the UK. Her 30 years until he died. Meanwhile Irena household in 1935. Forced to flee, Anna odyssey takes us from place to place settled in England and later the widowed (born Haneczka Rose) was passed from due to persecution and expediency. Sara joined her, although she accused pillar to post for years – including several Unsurprisingly she found it difficult to Irena of selling her mother by employing of them in England, two at Bunce Court put down roots. carers to help look after her. School – but eventually served 15 years as Auditor for the Californian city of Sara’s religious family lived in a Despite being more than 600 pages Berkeley, spearheading numerous high cramped house/drapery shop in the this book is surprisingly easy to read. profile reforms. small town of Tartaków; unusually all It is Irena Powell’s first non-academic the children were learned and Sara publication but her grasp of the English Some of the most moving stories in the went to school in Krakow. She studied writing style is perfect. Equally, her book concern Anna’s childhood in Kraków nursing in Warsaw in order to join recollection of her mother’s more and England. Her desperate longing for a communist boyfriend in Spain but continental speech rings particularly true her parents, who had simply disappeared, political events intervened and instead and the flash-forwards work well. and her troubled search for identity (after she married the young activist Romek Janet Weston her Polish guardian had her baptised in a Malter in 1940. Miraculously both Catholic church) are especially poignant. survived the war. As she reflected much later, “Jewish, VIENNA-LONDON. PASSAGE TO Catholic, Polish, British, American — who She had a very narrow escape SAFETY was I?” when a man was shot as she passed Emigré portraits in photographs and baby Irena over the fence to him in words She crossed the Atlantic at the age of Rzeszów ghetto. She and Romek Edited by Marion Trestler 18 when a distant cousin in New York planned an escape abroad with others SYNEMA Publikation offered to adopt her. Sadly the same but the advance party was never seen ISBN 978 3 901644 73 3 cousin passed away soon after, leaving again. her with only her intellectual snob of a This beautifully produced book contains husband. Having long been forced to Sara struggled, living with her baby superb photographs of 20 former suppress her feelings, Anna very gradually in various places under a Ukrainian Viennese citizens who were forced to developed a sense of self-worth. She assumed identity and constantly wary build new lives in Britain after the advent had a successful career as a travel agent, of people. When she saw her father of Hitler. Each portrait is accompanied pioneering new routes and far-off in hiding in the village of Borek little by personal photos and a few destinations. Through her adoptive father Irena was not even allowed to know autobiographical thoughts by its subject. Heinz she met Marty – an American-born who he was. As war ended Sara had Many of the faces will be familiar to AJR businessman – and the couple decided to share her room with six retreating members and Marion Trestler has written to build a new life in the college town of Nazi soldiers who divided their rations a brief biography of each of them. Berkeley, California. with her. Marion Trestler was, for many years, the The turbulent 1960s drew Anna into Sara and Romek discovered the Austrian ambassador to London where politics, while trying to improve the local plight of their family members she was able to get to know and value playground. Her talents quickly shone and but they picked up the threads. A several of the refugees portrayed. The in 1979 she was elected to local office, period of relative stability followed, declared aim of her book is to bring past serving one of the most progressive –

12 AJR Journal | June 2018

and contentious – governments in US history. As a civic leader she tackled issues covering everything from Creating refuse collection to the Free Speech Movement and sexual equality.

Parts one, two, and three (covering Poland, England, and New York) connections occupy two-thirds of the book while part four deals with Anna’s time in For older refugees life can at times feel isolated, especially for California since 1962. As Anna herself people with few or no family ties. The AJR and Belsize Square writes, “survival is sweet revenge. I had not only survived the war, created Synagogue have worked together to provide a refugee from a family and developed relationships Hungary with an increased sense of belonging and friendship. with people of all backgrounds…I had overcome the fears and feelings of AJR member Vera Kovacs tells her story. worthlessness that a hateful ideology had instilled in me. I had proved “For 56 years I lived in Belsize Park nice, too, and invited me for Rosh to myself that neither my gender, but I never knew about Belsize Square Hashanah lunch.” religious or immigrant background Synagogue until my friend from the were insurmountable obstacles.” Holocaust Survivor Centre suggested Belsize Square Synagogue has a I join. I couldn’t afford the money but Community Care Co-ordinator, Eve This is a very well written and life- it was very nice that together – the Hersov, whose post is supported affirming book which sheds light on AJR and the synagogue – they took by the AJR. She says, “Synagogues US local politics as well as on deep- care of it. The first time I went to the in many respects are like a giant seated scars caused by the Holocaust. shul a woman recognised my accent extended family. People come Jo Briggs and asked, ‘Are you Hungarian?’ I together to pray, sing, learn, eat, enjoy the people, I love everybody; celebrate and sometimes squabble. the Cantor, the Rabbi, I love them. We have a common bond in our I have a friend – they aren’t there background that fosters a sense of BOOKS BY every Friday night but I see friends care and community, and where at the shul. I hate to be alone. I like people try to look after one another. AJR MEMBERS to talk to people. Now my funeral Many of our older refugee members arrangements are taken care of.” are less motivated by religious faith Martin Mauthner has written Otto or observance but everyone has Abetz and His Paris Acolytes – French Vera attends synagogue services and a strong sense of shared identity Writers who Flirted with Fascism, festival lunches, as well as the AJR’s and mutual respect for our survival 1930-1945. The book examines why annual Kristallnacht and Holocaust and endurance. If there are AJR Abetz – Hitler’s wartime ambassador Memorial Day services. Additionally, a members who are not affiliated with in Paris – and other cultural year ago the synagogue arranged for a synagogue congregation but feel figures supported Nazi ideology a volunteer (with school age children) that they might benefit from a greater despite having close Jewish family whose mother was born in Hungary sense of communal life then I’d urge connections. Michael Brown has sent to meet Vera. They connected well them to speak with the AJR and see us Moving on – My Journey Through and Vera says, “She’s an angel. She if together they can find a shul to feel Life which is a touching account comes every week. Her mother is very at home in.” of his escape from Hanover on a Kindertransport, living in a foster home in Liverpool and coming to terms with the Nazi tragedy that befell so many of his relatives. His gratitude at having survived to rebuild his life shines throughout the book.

switch on electrics Rewires and all household electrical work PHONE PAUL: 020 8200 3518 Mobile: 0795 614 8566 Vera’s volunteer, Sarah, visits on a regular basis

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EALING and will certainly achieve his dream Jo Briggs, editor of the AJR Journal, gave a eventually. We wish him well. Around most interesting talk on her career in public Meta Roseneil relations and promotion of tourism in the UK. She then spoke about her work in GLASGOW the AJR redesigning/modernising the AJR Journal; Dr Maureen Seir, Director of Scottish members of the group put forward their Interfaith Council, spoke on the role of views, and suggested items which might interfaith dialogue in a secular world. Most of these reports are summaries of be included. The talk and questions were interesting much longer reviews which, due to lack Leslie Sommer and varied, including details of her own background, living in the Scottish Islands of space, we are unable to include in EDINBURGH and finding out that her husband’s their entirety. If you would like further Vivien Anderson, our hostess, spoke mother was Jewish and had come on a information on the actual event please on Scandinavian jewellery; she showed Kindertransport. us some fine examples, and traced its Ruth Ramsey contact either the author or the AJR development from small beginnings in regional co-ordinator. the 19th century. We were delighted to MUSWELL HILL welcome a new 2nd generation member. The Religions of London by Philippa BRISTOL Eva Baer Bernard was an illuminating historical Colin Davey spoke on ‘Deconstructing account of various religions in London from Denial: David Irving v. Deborah Lipstadt’ ESSEX before the Romans to the present day. She followed by a lively Q&A. The well- Claude Vecht-Wolf gave us a brief summary traced the journey from burnings at the attended meeting was sorry to have to say of the many subjects he has to cover to stake to tolerance and eventual gradual goodbye to Katherine. become a Rabbi; high on the list is Kashrut, acceptance of other faiths into public life. Hazel Rank-Broadley which is very complex. He is enthusiastic Eva Stellman

KINDERTRANSPORT LUNCH CONTACTS More than 25 members came to hear a book. She showed a short film from Marion Trestler talk about her recent book the contributors to the book talking From Vienna to London. It contains a about their journeys to the UK and their Susan Harrod selection of photographic portraits and memories. There was a delicious lunch Lead Outreach & Events Co-ordinator biographical essays of Austrians who fled and the opportunity to socialise. All 020 8385 3070 [email protected] to the UK during the 1930s, many of Kinder are welcome; the meetings are on Wendy Bott whom arrived via the Kindertransports. the second Wednesday of each month. Northern Outreach Co-ordinator Marion spoke at length about her Contact Susan Harrod on [email protected] 07908 156 365 [email protected] research and her reasons for writing such if you are interested to attend.

Agnes Isaacs Northern Outreach Co-ordinator 07908 156 361 [email protected] JUNE GROUP EVENTS Kathryn Prevezer Southern Outreach Co-ordinator 07966 969 951 [email protected] All AJR members are welcome at any of these events; you do not have to be affiliated to that particular group. As the exact timings of these events are often subject to last minute changes we do not include them in the AJR Journal and suggest you contact Eva Stellman the relevant regional contact for full details. Southern Outreach Co-ordinator 07904 489 515 [email protected] Ealing 5 June Lynne Bradley: The music of West Side Story

Karen Diamond Ilford 6 June DVD – “Churchill’s Secret Army” Southern Outreach Co-ordinator Pinner 7 June Brad Ashton: Scams and how to avoid them 07966 631 778 Essex (Westcliff) 12 June David Barnett: The Life of Edith Morley [email protected] Brighton 18 June Gary Italiaander: The Story of Larry Adler KT-AJR (Kindertransport) Edgware 19 June Neil Taylor - Maccabi Susan Harrod Radlett 20 June David Barnett: The Balfour Declaration 020 8385 3070 [email protected] Prestwich 25 June Social get-together Child Survivors’ Association-AJR North West London 26 June Helen Pankhurst: History of her famous Aunt Emily Henri Obstfeld (Booking necessary) 020 8954 5298 [email protected] Book Club 27 June Social

14 AJR Journal | June 2018 LOOKING FOR?

The AJR regularly receives messages from our members and others looking for people or for help in particular subjects. Here are some of the most recent requests – please get in touch directly with the person concerned if you can help.

Marietta HILL (née Breitner) Prof. Lidia Maggioli is an Italian teacher and researcher reconstructing the tragic story of the Timan/Breitner family from Vienna. Parents Josef Timan and Salomea Breitner perished in the Holocaust. Daughter Marietta, born 5 September 1924 in Vienna, escaped to England and lived for a time in Uttoxeter. She married Donald Thomas Hill, lived in Birmingham and had two children, Gillian and Peter. www.archiviomaggiolimazzoni.it

Victor (Viktor) ROTH Victor Roth was on a Kindertransport COSMO CABARET initially stayed at an orphanage at 39 from Austria to England; his son, Terry, Do you have memories of The Cosmo Christchurch Avenue, London NW6. would like to know if anyone remembers Restaurant that once provided a safe [email protected] him. His number tag was ‘1019’, haven on Finchley Road for many Jewish travelling in July, 1939. He went to Leeds refugees and others? A new cabaret is KINDERTRANSPORT CHILDREN FROM on 25 September, 1939 and was interned being made about the café and they want AUSTRIA in Canada in 1940, where he spent the to hear your stories. Nik Pollinger has been commissioned rest of his life. [email protected] by BBC News online to write an [email protected] article about Austrian Kindertransport HARRY JACOBS children and would be grateful to be STOLEN HEIRLOOMS Paul Minikes Alexander (born Leipzig 28 contacted by former Kinder willing to A Times of Israel article on stolen November 1937) lived with Harry Jacobs be interviewed for this project. The heirlooms can be found at: of the Times Furnishing Company for over article will explore the attitudes of such www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-ghosts- two years after his arrival in England in July refugees to Austria over time, as well as linger-as-german-households-still-make- 1939. The pair kept in touch until after that of their descendants. use-of-stolen-heirlooms/ Paul’s Barmitzvah in Leeds in 1950, and [email protected] Senta Herkle would love to find someone Paul would very much like to make contact from the Kohn family. When you have with Harry’s children and/or grandchildren. BP PORTRAIT AWARD read the article you will understand why. [email protected] Oliver Bedeman is a portrait painter already on show at the National Portrait Erna Kohn’s sister, Klara, arrived in HANS and KURT MENASSE Gallery. For a 2019 exhibition he is London before the outbreak of the war Biographer Agnes Meisinger is seeking planning to paint people in the UK and in 1977 was resident at 25 West End any information or documents relating who came over on the Kindertransport Court, Priory Road, NW6. It is entirely to Hans Menasse (born 5 March 1930), and would love to hear from any AJR possible that there are living relatives of who escaped the Nazi regime with his members who are willing to sit for a Erna Kohn and her sister Klara Huebscher. brother Kurt (born 8 February 1923) couple of hours. He would travel to them, Please contact Dina Gold: on the Kindertransport of 20 December and work around their schedule. [email protected] 1938, via the help of the Quakers, and [email protected]

15 AJR Journal | June 2018 March of the Living

In April Naomi Kaye, our Jewish people of Lublin and its surrounding Northern Memory Loss areas. We made our way on foot to the gas chambers, the first one primitive and Volunteer Co-ordinator, simple, intended to murder a dozen or represented the AJR on the two. In contrast the other gas chambers, at the rear of the camp, were intended to international March of the kill thousands with conveniently positioned Living, a pilgrimage through crematoria that ensured all signs of each towns, camps and ghettos person were wiped off the earth.

scarred by the Holocaust in We saw the zig-zag shaped pits which Poland; the 275-strong UK Jewish prisoners dug, supposedly as a trap delegation were part of 11,000 for Russian soldiers on 3 November 1943. UK delegates listening to first hand memories They were actually digging their own from Ivor Perl people who joined from all graves and 18,400 Jews were shot there in corners of the world. This is one day. You can read, watch and listen to and gentiles, men, women and 800 children historic accounts but seeing and touching it were murdered and buried, whether dead Naomi’s account: magnified the utter despair. or alive. Standing amongst the mass graves it was beyond my realm of understanding After landing in Lublin we took a Our educator Clive Lawton pointed out to comprehend how human beings can short journey to the medieval castle the town surrounding the camp. He posed perpetrate such atrocious crimes. Under the near the old town district. It was here the question ‘What would you do if you stillness of the trees, we heard that of the in 1334 that King Casmir III granted saw thousands of people being shot in SS officers chosen to carry out these odious the Jews permission to settle on the the concentration camp from your kitchen acts, 5% had refused. This was even too outskirts of the city. Later on, King window?’ To answer this wasn’t easy. “If barbaric for some Nazis. Sigismund I permitted Jews to settle you intervene, you and your family die. near the castle. Hearing how the Jews Everyone lived in fear,” Clive explained. On day three we visited Krakow. Then had full autonomy, their own land to Soon after we heard a group of Israelis it was time to make the journey to build on and shops to sell their goods, singing Hatikvah and we all joined in. In Auschwitz. helped me understand why Poland was sorrow, defiance and hope, this poignant once known as Paradisus Judaeorum, moment helped us all. This felt very clinical. Each infamous (Paradise for the Jews). By the mid-16th barrack had been turned into a museum century almost three quarters of the Next day we headed to Belzec death camp. with exhibits that portrayed its history. It world’s Jews lived in Poland. I struggled to comprehend how 600,000 felt like a film set, methodically laid out Jews, Poles and minorities were murdered with endless glass cases, like a seemingly But then reality struck. 90% of Polish at such a small site in nine short months. I never-ending path through hell. Jewry perished in the Holocaust and couldn’t help turning to the large oak trees our mission was to learn more about that surrounded the small periphery. Only We spent the rest of the day 3km away in this devastating period of our history. they know the true horror that unfolded Birkenau. We were met with the infamous Standing at the foot of Lublin castle, we here. image of the railway tracks leading through learned that of approximately 42,000 the arched brick entrance. The sheer scale Jews living in Lublin under 300 survived. Onwards towards the town of Lancut, made me gasp in disbelief. It spanned where we soaked up the yiddishkeit of a distance I could not even see beyond, We were then taken to a Yeshiva, a the 16th century. Standing in the baroque surrounded with barbed wire, wooden short distance from the castle. Yeshivat style shul, built around 1726, we heard watch towers and barracks, some intact, Chachamei was built in 1930 and many about the vibrant Jewish community in others in ruins. Survivor Ivor Perl, who had of its students managed to escape to and around the streets where this Shul travelled with us throughout, shared his the Far East and set up a yeshiva in stood. The magnificent wall paintings personal experience of arriving in Birkenau Shanghai. This left us with feelings throughout act as a testament to the as a 12-year-old boy, in his innocence as of hope that in the darkest times, thriving community that lived there almost a child excitedly watching the train tracks goodness lives on. 500 years ago. rush by through a small hole in the floor of the cattle carriage. Next on our itinerary was Majdanek Later we found ourselves in the Buczyna concentration camp, which played a Forest of Zyblitowska Gora. Here we Ivor’s ability to understand Yiddish was massive role in eradicating many of the learned the heinous way that 6,000 Jews invaluable when a fellow Jew told the rest

16 AJR Journal | June 2018

WHY NOT TRY AJR’S MEALS ON WHEELS SERVICE?

The AJR offers a kosher Meals on Wheels The route was lined with local Polish service delivered to your door once a week. residents waving and shouting ‘Shalom’ along the way and I was even handed The meals are freshly cooked every week a leaflet from a Korean, apologising by Kosher to Go. They are then frozen prior for the Holocaust. It was a far cry from to delivery. the experience prisoners had just seven The cost is £7.00 for a three-course meal decades ago. (soup, main course, desert) plus a £1 delivery fee. We all gathered at the far end of the camp to watch the March of the Our aim is to bring good food to your door Living ceremony in the hot sunshine. without the worry of shopping or cooking. We heard from President of the For further details, please call State of Israel, Reuven Rivlin, and AJR Head Office on 020 8385 3070. Arriving at Birkenau Polish President, Andrzej Duda, and Rabbi Israel Meir Lau, the former Chief Rabbi of Israel, a child survivor LEO BAECK HOUSING ASSOCIATION of the carriage that the children should aged 8. All gave powerful speeches pretend to be 16 years old. This saved him of remembrance. Edward Mosberg, CLARA NEHAB HOUSE from the line of death. We heard how luck Mauthausen camp survivor, stood on RESIDENTIAL CARE HOME played a big part for Ivor during his time the stage alongside his granddaughter, Small caring residential home in Birkenau and how his brother saved him both wearing concentration camp with large attractive gardens from death several times. We could also striped uniforms. We heard how his close to local shops and public transport see the pain he felt in talking about these whole family perished and how he 25 single rooms with full en suite facilities. experiences, magnified by standing in still has nightmares. He re-lived every 24 hour Permanent and Respite Care the very place he last saw his parents and moment as he spoke, showing anger Entertainment & Activities provided. seven of his siblings who were murdered and hatred such as I have rarely seen. Ground Floor Lounge and Dining Room on arrival. It was truly a privilege to hear • Lift access to all floors. from a survivor amongst the camp ruins, Poland impressed me with its hidden For further information please contact: one that the next generation won’t have. treasures of the past and legacy The Manager, Clara Nehab House, embedded in the respectful monuments 13-19 Leeside Crescent, London NW11 0DA We recited kaddish inside one of the as well as the museums that show the Telephone: 020 8455 2286 infamous wooden huts, where only 73 pain, suffering and loss of the Jewish years ago nine bodies lay in each rickety people at the hands of Nazi-occupied bunk bed. It’s really not that long ago. Poland. President Rivlin summed it up in Monstrous crimes were committed against his speech at Birkenau, ‘This land was a humanity, perpetrated by a nation of forge of the Jewish Soul and to our deep culture and intelligence. Why? There were sorrow, also its largest Jewish graveyard.’ BOOK SALE no answers, just sheer devastation. March of the Living is impressively That evening we all came together for organised. The UK delegation had seven the Yom Ha’Shoah ceremony, held at buses, each one with its own educator the Galicia Museum in Krakow. Only and a survivor or refugee. I encourage a small piece of the Ghetto wall stands anyone who insists on denying the today, intentionally shaped to look Holocaust to take the same trip. It will like tombstones during the barbaric leave a hole that cannot be filled. It will imprisoning of the Jews. live with me for a long time to come. Uproar! Our return to Birkenau the following day The March of the Living UK organisers marked the end of our educational tour. are now working on the 2019 trip The First 50 Years of the We started the march alongside 11,000 and the AJR has been asked to help London Group 1913-63 people from around the world who find survivors or refugees who might 224 pages, extensively referenced had travelled with March of the Living be prepared to accompany the UK and illustrated, hardback International. From Belgium to Mexico and delegation. Please email Eli Scvhryer at RRP £35 – SALE PRICE £25 – Free P&P India to Argentina, young and old stood [email protected] or call the + Special Offer – FREE COPY 80 pages side by side on the site of Auschwitz 1 AJR office on 020 8385 3070 and we Highlights from the Ben Uri Collection to start our 3km trek towards Birkenau. can pass the message on for you. [email protected] | www.benuri.org

17 2778_BU_AJR_booksales.indd 6 14/02/2018 15:12 AJR Journal | June 2018

OBITUARIES

Hanna & Peter Singer’s wedding, 1955 Miloš Forman on the Amadeus film set Hanna and Peter Singer Miloš Forman Hanna, born Halle 25 October 1928, Born Czechoslovakia 18 February 1932 died London 26 April 2018 Died USA 13 April 2018

Peter, born Nürnberg 10 September 1923, Miloš Forman was a masterly filmmaker with a subversive touch died London 6 October 2017 who twice won the Oscar for Best Picture, namely: One Flew AJR members Hanna and Peter Singer, died Over The Cuckoo’s Nest and Amadeus. within six months of each other after 62 Forman’s sympathy for the odd man out was always apparent, never more so than happy years together. in these two films. He was a director, screenwriter, actor and professor who, until 1968, lived and worked in the former Czechoslovakia. Hanna Cohn came to England on a Kindertransport in July 1939, together with her twin brother Gerald. Their Forman believed himself to be the son of Anna and Rudolf Forman, both older sister Eva and their mother escaped to England too, Protestant. During the Nazi occupation, as member of the anti-Nazi underground, but their father perished in Auschwitz. Rudolf was arrested for distributing banned books and died under interrogation in the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp; Anna died in Auschwitz. Miloš was raised Peter Singer was sent to England in 1936. Through the by relatives and subsequently discovered that his biological father was, in a fact, a support of his headteacher at Farnham Grammar School Jewish architect, Otto Kohn, who survived the Holocaust in Ecuador and moved to and Lord Nathan of Churt, his dentist parents were able New York in 1945. to join him. Forman later studied screenwriting at the Academy of Performing Arts in Hanna and Peter met through the Hyphen, a social club Prague and went on to become an important component of the Czechoslovak for German and Austrian Jewish refugees, and married New Wave. His 1967 film The Firemen’s Ball, on the surface a naturalistic in 1955. Twin daughters Debbie and Helen were born in representation of an ill-fated social event in a provincial town, was seen by 1958. both film scholars and authorities in Czechoslovakia as a biting satire on Eastern European Communism. As a result, it was banned for many years in Forman’s Hanna studied English at Royal Holloway College. home country. Through her career as an English teacher she inspired many young people, including some who had come to During the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 Forman was working England as refugees themselves. in Paris, so did not return to Prague but left Europe for the United States. He later said that his greatest joy in making Amadeus was that he could film it in the Peter worked for 30 years as a Purchasing Director of a country of his birth. small factory that supplied Marks and Spencers. Forman liked to coax star performances out of lesser-known actors, which is Hanna campaigned for comprehensive education, magnificently manifested in Louise Fletcher’s portrayal of the dictatorial Nurse volunteered for Citizens Advice after her retirement and Ratched in One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest, for which she won the Oscar for loved entertaining. Peter’s passion was model aeroplanes. Best Actress. In his 70s he took flying lessons and flew solo at the age of 76. Forman was also nominated for a Best Director Oscar for The Silence of the Lambs and The People vs. Larry Flynt. He won Golden Globe, Cannes, Berlinale, BAFTA, Hanna and Peter delighted in their grandchildren Rachel Cesar, David di Donatello, European Film Academy and Czech Lion awards. and Daniel and were very loyal to their many friends. As they became older they continued to share an interest in He was a hearty bon vivant, at times also depressive. He took American citizenship other people and the world around them. in 1975, was married three times and leaves four sons.

Helen and Debbie Singer Kathy Cohen

18 AJR Journal | June 2018

AJR CARD AND GAMES CLUB Please join us at our Card and Games Club AJR FILM CLUB Monday 4 June 2018 at 1.00pm at North Western Reform Synagogue, Alyth Gardens, Temple Fortune, London NW11 7EN NORMAN Open to all levels Bridge players – come and join us starring Richared Gere We also offer card games, backgammon, scrabble. You decide. Games are dependent on numbers being sufficient – the more the merrier Our next film showing will be at A sandwich lunch will be served upon arrival with tea, coffee and Danish pastries. Sha’arei Tsedek North London Reform £7.00 per person Synagogue, 120 Oakleigh Road North, Whetstone N20 9EZ Booking is essential – when you book please let us know your choice of game. on MONDAY 9 JULY 2018 at Please either call Kathryn Prevezer on 07966 969951 or email [email protected] 12.30pm Lunch of smoked salmon bagels, Danish pastries and tea or coffee will Kindertransport be served first. PillarCare A special interest group of Quality support and care at home The Association of Jewish Refugees Winston House, 2 Dollis Park, London N3 1HF BOOKING IS ESSENTIAL T 020 8385 3070 E [email protected] www.ajr.org.uk  Hourly Care from 4 hours – 24 hours LUNCH MARCH 2017  Live-In/Night Duty/Sleepover Care Editor: Rev. BerndWednesday Koschland Chairman:13 June Sir 2018Erich Reich [email protected]  Convalescent and Personal Health Care Contact at AtAJR: AlythSusan Harrod Gardens Previous Synagogue issues at:  Compassionate and Affordable Service [email protected] or www.ajr.org.uk/kindertransport 44 (0) 20 8385 3078 12.30pm  Professional, Qualified, Kind Care Staff We are delighted to be joined by  Registered with the CQC and UKHCA From the Editor’s Desk Dear Kinder and FriendsSusy Richman This editionDirector has again a wideof varietyMarch of contribution of the including Living one held over Call us on Freephone 0800 028 4645 from Chanukah. There is a welcome article from Michael Newman as well as a variety of letters including two from California. The previous edition Norman (Richard Gere), a New York fixer, PILLARCARE receives a couple of pats on the back. THE BUSINESS CENTRE knows the right people and can get things חג שמח .Chag sameach to all Kinder, friends and your families 36 GLOUCESTER AVENUE done. When an Israeli dignitary named Eshel LONDON NW1 7BB (Lior Ashkenazi) comes to the city, Norman PHONE: 020 7482 2188 My dear fellow Kinder decides to impress the man by buying him FAX: 020 7900 2308 Thank God winter is slowly receding and we can begin to look forward to a little warmer sunshine. In most parks the crocuses are blooming in their some very expensive shoes. It works and he www.pillarcare.co.uk various colours. Furthermore we are nearing what I would call the festival of freedom,The Pesach.March I am of sure the most Living of us will beis withan our international, families as the establishes a strong connection to the man, youngesteducational starts the five Kushiot. program that brings Jewish but a few years later, when Eshel becomes I use this opportunity to wish you all a wonderful and happy Chag. Sameach

people from all over the world to Poland the Israel prime minister, Norman can’t on Yom Hashoah, Holocaust Memorial communicate with him anymore, and this JACKMAN . Day, to march from Auschwitz to Birkenau, threatens to destroy his reputation. SILVERMAN the largest concentration camp complex £8.00 per person built during World War II. COMMERCIAL PROPERTY CONSULTANTS Please either call Kathryn Prevezer Call Susan Harrod on 020 8385 3070 on 07966 969 951 or email or email [email protected] [email protected] Booking is essential for catering purposes. £7.00 per person Telephone: 020 7209 5532 Books Bought [email protected] Modern and Old spring grove Eric Levene London’s Most Luxurious 020 8364 3554 / 07855387574 RETIREMENT HOME [email protected] CATERINA ANDREAE 214 Finchley Road TRANSLATOR London NW3  Entertainment English to German / JOSEPH PEREIRA German to English  Activities  Stress Free Living (ex-AJR caretaker over 22 years) No job too small or too big  24 House Staffing Excellent Cuisine is now available for DIY repairs Competitive rates  Full En-Suite Facilities and general maintenance. and references provided Call for more information or a personal tour No job too small, 00 34 971 886 566 020 8446 2117 very reasonable rates. or 020 7794 4455 Please telephone 07966 887 485. [email protected] [email protected]

19 AJR Journal | June 2018

NEW AJR PLAQUE Events and Exhibitions AT BUNCE COURT ON BEING SECOND GENERATION ONE OF THE BOYS A facilitated workshop for children To mark the anniversary of the ‘Burning of survivors and refugees, to explore of the Books’, Michael Freedland and together how being Second Generation Daniel Finkelstein will discuss Michael’s has affected their lives. It will be led by new book on one of the Jewish psychologist and psychotherapist Gaby Community’s most remarkable and iconic Glassman, who is also an AJR Trustee. figures,Ben Helfgott – The Story of One 11.00am, Sunday 3 June, JW3 of the Boys. 7.30pm, Wednesday 13 June, JW3 THIRD GENERATION: THE 020 7433 8988 or online www.jw3.org.uk HOLOCAUST AND ME Grandchildren of survivors and refugees EMIGRÉ CULTURE are invited to join a discussion group Hosted by the Research Centre for to explore the significance of the German and Austrian Exile Studies at Holocaust in their own lives, their the University of London, the British identities, their relationships with scholar and poet Jeremy Adler will speak On Monday 25 June 2018 the AJR the world and their own sense of on ‘The Contribution of German-Jewish will unveil a new plaque in honour Jewishness? It will be facilitated by Emigrés to British Culture’, followed by a and memory of Anna Essinger and her psychotherapist David Polak, himself a reception. role in establishing Bunce Court as a grandchild of survivors. 6pm, Thursday 14 June, Senate House, boarding school for so many Jewish 11.00am, Sunday 10 June, JW3 London WC1. children. [email protected] MY PARTNER IS SECOND GENERATION The ceremony, which will take place at The first ever workshop exclusively for MY DEAR ONES Bunce Court West near Faversham in those living with Second Generation Rabbi Jonathan Wittenberg will talk Kent (ME13 0BU), will begin shortly of the Holocaust, to enable partners about the process of discovering the old after 1pm, with tea provided afterwards. to be open about their own “unique” letters and documents which led him circumstances with others who may feel to write his latest book, My Dear Ones, We are very grateful to Julia and the same way. setting the lives of five of his relatives in George Miller, the current owners of 2.00pm, Sunday 14 June, JW3 the context of the Final Solution. He will Bunce Court for their hospitality and share extracts from the book and the agreement to the Plaque. Tickets to these three events are £8 impact of the contents of an old suitcase each and can be booked online at upon himself, and the wider family. Please contact Susan Harrod on www.jw3.org, or via 3pm, Sunday 1 July, The Liberal Jewish 020 8385 3070 or email [email protected]. Synagogue, London NW8 [email protected] if you would like to [email protected] join us. ABOVE THE DROWNING SEA In 1939 thousands of Jewish refugees secured visas to Shanghai thanks to the intervention of the Chinese consul Outing to Eltham in Vienna, Ho Feng Shan. As part of Refugee Week 2018 there will be a The AJR is organising an outing on Thursday screening of a new French Canadian 19 July to Eltham Palace, a magnificent Art documentary film about this very special Deco Mansion, set in a medieval palace setting. man who risked his own life and all he before lunch in the cafeteria and time to had to save others who were neither kin AJR members will enjoy a guided tour around look around the magnificent landscaped nor countrymen. the house, showing off the stunning interiors gardens. 8.45pm, Wednesday 20 June, BFI and furnishing that reflecting the high fashion Southbank of 1930s. We will also visit the medieval Please contact Susan Harrod on www.whatson.bfi.org.uk Great Hall, childhood home of Henry VIII, 020 8385 3070 or [email protected]

Published by The Association of Jewish Refugees (AJR), a company limited by guarantee. Registered office: Winston House, 2 Dollis Park, Finchley, London N3 1HF Registered in England and Wales with charity number: 1149882 and company number: 8220991 Telephone 020 8385 3070 e-mail [email protected] AssociationofJewishRefugees @AJR_London For the latest AJR news, including details of forthcoming events and information about our services, visit www.ajr.org.uk Printed by FBprinters, Unit 5, St Albans House, St Albans Lane, London NW11 7QB Tel: 020 8458 3220 Email: [email protected]

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