DOCSLIB.ORG

The Battle for Athens: Strategy and Tactics," in the Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora, (Vol.22.2) P

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Battle for Athens: Strategy and Tactics, “The Art of Manipulation”: British Foreign Policy in Greece and the Declaration of the Truman Doctrine: October 1944 to March 1947. By Simeon Spero Zachary Paravantes B.A, University College of the Cariboo, 2000 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History © Simeon Spero Zachary Paravantes 2009 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2009 All Rights Reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or by other means, without permission of the author. Library and Archives Bibliothèque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l’édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-59735-4 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-59735-4 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L’auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l’Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L’auteur conserve la propriété du droit d’auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author’s permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformément à la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privée, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont été enlevés de thesis. cette thèse. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n’y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. Declaration of Partial Copyright Licence The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection (currently available to the public at the “Institutional Repository” link of the SFU Library website <www.lib.sfu.ca> at: <http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/112>) and, without changing the content, to translate the thesis/project or extended essays, if technically possible, to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation of the digital work. The author has further agreed that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by either the author or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without the author’s written permission. Permission for public performance, or limited permission for private scholarly use, of any multimedia materials forming part of this work, may have been granted by the author. This information may be found on the separately catalogued multimedia material and in the signed Partial Copyright Licence. While licensing SFU to permit the above uses, the author retains copyright in the thesis, project or extended essays, including the right to change the work for subsequent purposes, including editing and publishing the work in whole or in part, and licensing other parties, as the author may desire. The original Partial Copyright Licence attesting to these terms, and signed by this author, may be found in the original bound copy of this work, retained in the Simon Fraser University Archive. Simon Fraser University Library Burnaby, BC, Canada Last revision: Spring 09 Abstract From 1940 to 1945, Churchill's foreign policy in South-Eastern Europe was geared towards maintaining Greece in the British sphere of influence. Even after the election of a Labour government in the summer of 1945, for the next year and a half the Albion's policy focussed on the preservation of British influence in the tip of the Balkan Peninsula. However, in what appeared to be a major reversal of policy in February of 1947, the British informed the United States that they could do no more in Greece, and in so doing manipulated the Americans into assuming support for their interests through the declaration and implementation of the Truman doctrine. The reasons behind the British decision to surrender Greece to the United States after being determined to hold onto it for so long, and the question of whether or not they quietly manoeuvred the United States into assuming support for British interests are the central issues of this thesis. Furthermore, the fact that British troops remained in Greece into 1948 and beyond could indicate that their situation was not as desperate as they presented in February 1947. Additionally, this shift may not have been as significant as it seemed initially since the American intervention allowed British strategic interests in the Mediterranean to be preserved at a dramatically reduced cost. iii Dedication To Almighty God, Father, Son and Holy Spirit, Who had faith in me, When no one, Including myself, did. iv Acknowledgements First of all I would like to thank my wonderful mother Corinne, my father Dean, and my brother Nic, for their support and encouragement from the time that I began this program. I do not deserve to have been given such a wonderful family, and I fear that I will never be able to repay them for the love, support and friendship they have shown me. I have learned so much from each of you. I would also like to thank my uncle Ted Paravantes for his advice and encouragement throughout the process of finishing my Master’s Degree. I also owe a debt of gratitude to my many friends and coworkers who have lived through this process with me over the past six years. All of you have helped make the journey bearable, but I would like to single out the Howells. You have all become like my second family. Thank you for your support. I would also like to thank my instructors at UCC (now TRU) Drs. Michael Gorman, John Belshaw, John Fudge and Andrew Yarmie, for their instruction, letters of reference, and questions regarding my progress at Simon Fraser University. My thanks also go to Adrian Verenca and Eldon Larson, two of my best friends and two individuals who happen to be my employers. Their support and encouragement helped sustain me through many tough times, and their work ethic inspired me to keep going when everything inside of me was telling me to quit. I have also been very fortunate to have had such wonderful teachers from the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of all Saints in Kamloops. Fathers Roman Tsaplan, Mykhaylo Pozdyk and Igumen Simeon Weare have, by their example, allowed me to begin to learn faith, humility and dedication. I would also like to thank Margaret Gardiner, Librarian at the SFU Kamloops Library, for always helping me to get the resources that I needed to complete the research for my Thesis. Your kindness and help did not go unnoticed or unappreciated. v Many thanks go to the members of my examination committee who made themselves available at great inconvenience to themselves, to read my work and offer valuable criticism and comments. Drs. Dimitrios Krallis and Lara Nettelfield’s thoughtful revisions were crucial to the finishing of this Thesis. My deepest thanks are reserved for my senior supervisor Andre Gerolymatos for seeing me through this process. His comments, revisions, suggestions, and guidance have made this thesis what it is. He has also helped gain a greater understanding of this dark period of Greek history and has reminded me, through his own work and through his help with mine, of the human cost that is paid conflicts such as these. Sadly it is a lesson that is seldom learned, and often not discussed. Additionally, his support, kindness and understanding during my mother's illness and death will never be forgotten and I will always be grateful. Khoritsi mou, Agapimene mou, my girl, my beloved. I am sorry that it took me so long to find you. Thank you for waiting for me. PS: My thanks for Rydley and Achilles, my running buddies, who give so much without saying a word, and who keep me company while the rest of the world is sleeping. vi Table of Contents Approval .................................................................................................................. ii Abstract .................................................................................................................. iii Dedication ..............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Greece During the Second World War
    GREECE DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR It is indeed an unusual experience for an ancient historian to lecture on a theme of contemporary history. The experience is doubtless valuable for the ancient historian. Its value for contemporary historY may be most charitably regarded as indeterminate. Historians present will, I am sure, agree that the profession is beset with obstacles, frustrations and difficulties. But there is one difficulty which the ancient historian can assume he will not encounter; that is, to have his assertions challenged by eyewitnesses to the actual events. In this room there are indeed such eyewitnesses. Among them are Professor William H. McNeill, who wrote the first good and responsible book on Greece during the Second War,1 and Professor D.George Kousoulas, whose really admi­ rable historY of the Greek Communist partY is of a significance far exceeding the specifically Greek context.2 To both these scholars this lecture is greatly indebted. Those familiar with this period of Greek historY are aware of its fantastic complexity. This complexity explains the over-simplified and dogma­ tic character of what follows. The First World War was ignited by an incident in the Balkans. The Second World War was not. Throughout the difficult and increasingly dangerous years from 1918 to 1939 the Balkan nations, both victors and vanquished, faced extraordinary difficulties — the acquisition of new territories or the loss of old, the problems of minorities and exchanges of population, industri­ al and technological backwardness, the legacy of centuries of Ottoman rule, with the resulting economic difficulties which in turn produced increasing social unrest.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. 9, No. 2, Autumn 1974
    Prtce 25 pence ~-~--- ~- -- -~--~~---- PAPERBACKS .. 28 Charlotte St 'I Mon, Tues, Wed, Thurs , 9 a, m.-6 p.m. London W1 I >~~~ Fri 9 a.m.-7.30 p.m. I!;;ii;.... Sat 9 a.m.-5 p.m. BOOKS PERIODICAlS NEWSPAPERS ,Come in and browse aroundl No obligation to buyl ] GOODGE ST _----'_ +TUBE We I.k forward TOTTENHAM CT RD to seeing vou! A JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MARXISM VOLUME9 NUMBER2 AUTUMN 1974 EDITORS: TOM KEMP, CLIFF SLAUGHTER 51 Editorial Individuals and social relations: 53 Cyril Smith some observations on Marx's Grlllldrisse History of the Greek Civil War (part iii) 61 Greek Section of the Ie of the FI Book review: Strikes in FrWlQ; 85 Tom Kemp Manifesto of the International Committee 88 International Committee 7.7.74 Greece and Cyprus: a new stage of World Crisis 92 International Committee 6.9.74 PUBLISHED BY THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL 186A CLAPHAM HIGH STREET, LONDON, SW4 1UG. In tmlay's conditions of capitalist crisis, only the International Committee of the Fourth International stands on a record of fighting for revolutionary leadership in the working class. To carry forward this struggle now, when every revisionist tendency is striving to turn the working class back into the arms of the bureaucracy, an understanding of its history is essential. Founded in 1938 in conditions of crushing defeat for the working class, persecuted by the ruling class and the Stalinists, the F~urth International has survived only by the most ruthless struggle against liquidationism in its own ranks. These ff!ur volumes bring together the major documents of the struggle for Marxism, from 1951 onwards.
    [Show full text]
  • Dodecanese Campaign from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Dodecanese Campaign From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Dodecanese Campaign of World War II was an attempt by Allied forces, mostly Navigation Dodecanese Campaign British, to capture the Italian-held Dodecanese islands in the Aegean Sea following the Part of the Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of Main page surrender of Italy in September 1943, and use them as bases against the German- World War II Contents controlled Balkans. The Allied effort failed, with the whole of the Dodecanese falling to Featured content the Germans within two months, and the Allies suffering heavy losses in men and Current events ships.[3] The operations in the Dodecanese, lasting from 8 September to 22 November Random article 1943, resulted in one of the last major German victories in the war.[4] Donate to Wikipedia Contents 1 Background Interaction 2 Initial Allied and German moves — The Fall of Rhodes Help 3 Battle of Kos About Wikipedia 4 Battle of Leros Community portal 5 Naval operations Recent changes 6 Aftermath Map of the Dodecanese Islands (in dark blue) Contact Wikipedia 7 In popular culture Date September 8 – November 22, 1943 8 References Location Dodecanese Islands, Aegean Sea Toolbox 9 Sources 10 External links Result German victory What links here Territorial German occupation of the Dodecanese Related changes changes Background [edit] Upload file Belligerents Special pages Further information: Military history of Greece during World War United Kingdom Germany Permanent link II and Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II Kingdom of Italy Republican State of Page information South Africa Italy The Dodecanese island group lies in the south-eastern Aegean Sea, and had been Data item Greece under Italian occupation since the Italo-Turkish War.
    [Show full text]
  • A Discussion with Theodoros Stamos 45 Turkish Coffee in Greece by Elias Petropoulos 53 Documents: the O.S.S
    JO THE LLENIC 001ASP RA A Quarterly Review VOL. IX, No. 4 WINTER 1982 Publisher: LEANDROS PAPATHANASIOU Editorial Board: ALEXANDER KITROEFF PASCHALIS M. KITROMILIDES PETER PAPPAS YIANNIS P. ROUBATIS Founding Editor: NIKOS PETROPOULOS The Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora air mail; Institutional—$25.00 for one is a quarterly review published by Pella year, $45.00 for two years. Single issues Publishing Company, Inc., 337 West cost $4.50; back issues cost $6.00. 36th Street, New York, NY 10018, U.S.A., in March, June, September, and Advertising rates can be had on request December. Copyright © 1982 by Pella by writing to the Publisher. Publishing Company. Articles appearing in this journal are The editors welcome the freelance sub- abstrated and/or indexed in Historical mission of articles, essays and book re- Abstracts and America: History and views. All submitted material should be Life; or in Sociological Abstracts; or in typewritten and double-spaced. Trans- Psychological Abstracts; or in the Mod- lations should be accompanied by the ern Language Association Abstracts (in- original text. Book reviews should be cludes International Bibliography) or in approximately 600 to 1,200 words in International Political Science Abstracts length. Manuscripts will not be re- in accordance with the relevance of con- turned unless they are accompanied by tent to the abstracting agency. a stamped, self-addressed envelope. All articles and reviews published in Subscription rates: Individual—$15.00 the Journal represent only the opinions for one year, $27.00 for two years; of the individual authors; they do not Foreign—$20.00 for one year by surface necessarily reflect the views of the mail; Foreign-425,00 for one year by editors or the publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • The Greek Civil War in the Czech Press Konstantinos Tsivos
    The Greek Civil War in the Czech Press Konstantinos Tsivos | Neograeca Bohemica | 15 | 2015 | 65–87 | Abstract The Greek Civil War was the fi rst open confrontation in Europe between the Eastern block and the West aft er the Second World War. This confrontation did not only develop on the battlefront, but also on the propaganda front, inside Greece and abroad. Czechoslovakia was actively involved in the Greek Civil War, mainly by sending military equipment to Greece and by providing asylum to approximately 4,000 child refugees. The Greek Civil War was prominent in the Czechoslovakian press throughout its duration (1946–1949). This article, based on material from the Prague National Archives, analyses the events of the Civil War as presented by Czech newspapers. In addition, this presentation refl ects on the confrontation between the political forces that formed the National Front government of Czechoslovakia, before and aft er February 1948. There is also special reference to the activities of the propaganda machine that the Greek Communist Party had established in Prague at this time. Keywords Greek Civil War, Czechoslovak Press, Cold War, February 1948, polarization, propaganda 67 | Th e Greek Civil War in the Czech Press In March 1945 the Czechoslovak National Front government was formed. All the Czech and Slovak anti-fascist parties were equally represented in it, each by three ministers. The Communist Party, which had the leading role in form- ing the government liberation program, took control of three ministries that played a crucial part in the orientation of the country: these were the minis- tries of Interior, Agriculture and Information.
    [Show full text]
  • Incompatible Allies: Greek Communism and Macedonian Nationalism in the Civil War in Greece, 1943-1949
    Incompatible Allies: Greek Communism and Macedonian Nationalism in the Civil War in Greece, 1943-1949 Andrew Rossos, University of Toronto Such is the Slav Macedonian distrust of the Greek that even the KKE [Communist Party of Greece] is suspect.... KKE may be communist, but in the eyes of the Slav Macedonian it is primarily Greek. The development this summer of KKM [Communist Party of Macedonia] must offer a prospect of far greater appeal to the Slav-Macedonians in Greece than KKE can provide.[ 1] The Macedonians of Aegean or Greek Macedonia made a significant, indeed a critical contribution to the communist side during the Civil War in Greece. They were mobilized for the struggle by their own movement, the National Liberation Front (Naroden Osloboditelen Front, or NOF), which was or sought the role of an autonomous ally and partner, even if a junior one, of the Communist Party of Greece, Kommounistiko Komma tis Elladas (KKE). The two looked like natural allies. They shared a common ideology, Marxism-Leninism, since the NOF was also a communist organization; they both rejected the status quo and wanted to replace it with a communist people's democracy, and, by the late autumn of 1946, they seemed to agree that this aim could probably be attained only through force of arms. In reality, however, the KKE and NOF were divided by deep-seated mutual distrust and animosity. For the former, the struggle was exclusively ideological and its aim was the seizure of power in Greece. For the latter-without in the least questioning its ideological commitment-it was primarily a national struggle, a battle for the national liberation of the Macedonians in Aegean Macedonia.[ 2] These two perceptions of the struggle were not altogether contradictory, but the divergence in priorities exacerbated the already-existing mutual suspicions.
    [Show full text]
  • La Grecia Senza I Leonida, Occupata Dai Serse, Governata Dagli Efialte
    La Grecia senza i Leonida, occupata dai Serse, governata dagli Efialte (come tutti i Paesi membri della UE) Alcune note su questo lavoro La Grecia è una terra antica come il suo popolo. In quella terra è nata, ed è giunta fino a noi, la capacità di osservare la natura, le sue leggi, l’umanità, i suoi limiti, la sua grandezza nel saperli superare. La famiglia di mia madre aveva origini greche. Mio padre aveva un impegnativo nome greco, Temistocle. Come potevo, dunque, i primi tempi, senza accorgermene, non portarmi dentro la Grecia antica? Questo è il concreto motivo che mi ha spinto a scrivere un micro-saggio su quello che stava accadendo in Grecia. Attanagliata dal debito, incapace di liberarsene. Una storia di aggressioni e di invasivi controlli dall’esterno. Nel raccogliere i dati (che vedrete corposi) mi sono reso conto che stavo scrivendo un libro. Mi sono detto: la Grecia merita questa fatica, una fatica donata alla sua terra antica. Nel cercare di comprendere da dove venissero tutti quegli impedimenti alla sua autonomia; perché, soprattutto dal secondo dopo guerra, la Grecia stava subendo l’affronto della privazione della sua 1 _ P A sovranità, della sovranità del suo popolo, costringendola ad aderire ad organismi internazionali imprigionanti. La Nato, la UE, l’Eurozona. Ponendomi questi interrogativi, è nato questo lavoro di ricerca documentale, che qualcuno potrebbe anche chiamare: libro. Questo lavoro è diviso in quattro parti. – La prima, Quando la sovranità in Grecia era sacra, si basa e si radica nella Grecia Antica. – La seconda, Le radici velenose dell’Unione Europea cerca le motivazioni della costruzione dell’Europa unita, mostrandone i lati oscuri.
    [Show full text]
  • Prohlašuji, Že Jsem Bakalářskou Práci Vypracovala Samostatně a Při Jejím
    MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA FAKULTA SOCIÁLNÍCH STUDIÍ Katedra mezinárodních vztahů a evropských studií Obor Evropská studia Řecká občanská válka, její kontext a demografické dopady Bakalářská práce Lukáš Argiriu Vedoucí práce: Doc. Vít Hloušek, Ph.D. UČO: 274558 Obor: MV-ES Imatrikulační ročník: 2007 Brno, 2010 Poděkování Na tomto místě bych velmi rád poděkoval panu docentu PhDr. Vítu Hlouškovi, Ph.D. za odborné vedení bakalářské práce, trpělivost, podnětné připomínky a čas, který mi věnoval. 2 Čestné prohlášení Prohlašuji, ţe jsem bakalářskou práci „Řecká občanská válka, její kontext a demografické dopady“ vypracoval samostatně pouze na základě uvedených pramenů. V Brně, dne 15. 12. 2010 …………………………. Lukáš Argiriu 3 Obsah: Úvod ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Interpretace „revolučních ambicí?“ .................................................................................................................... 7 Kontext počátku 20. století ................................................................................................................................. 11 Řecko v druhé světové válce ............................................................................................................................... 14 Intervence nacistického Německa a počátky okupace ...................................................................................... 16 Trojí okupace, dvě vlády, jeden odboj .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • I: the GREEK COMMUNIST PARTY: RESISTANCE OR REVOLUTION? 1. for the Founding Charter of SEKE See KKE Episima Keimena, 1918-1924 (
    Notes I: THE GREEK COMMUNIST PARTY: RESISTANCE OR REVOLUTION? 1. For the Founding Charter of SEKE see KKE Episima Keimena, 1918-1924 (KKE Official Documents), vol. I (Athens, 1964) pp. 5-13. On the history of the Greek socialist movement see Kordatos, Y., Istoria tou Ellinikou Ergatikou Kinimatos (Athens, 1972); Benaroya, A., I Proti Stadiodromia tou Ellinikou Proletariatou (Athens, 1975); Moskof, K., I Ethniki kai Koinoniki Synidisi stin Ellada, 1830-1909 (Athens, 1973). With the notable exception of the book by Elefantis, A., I Epangelia tis Adynatis Epanastasis: KKE kai Astismos ston Mesopolomo (Athens, 1976), there has been no other scholarly study on the history of the KKE during the inter-war period. 2. For the text of the decision of the National Council see KKE Episima Kei1:nena, 1918-1924, op.cit., p. 31. 3. For the text of the decisions of the Second Congress see KKE Episima Keimena, 1918-1924, op.cit., pp. 61-2,68. 4. For the text of the resolution of the Third Extraordinary Congress see KKE Episima Keimena, 1918-1924, op.cit., p. -499. 5. KKE Episima Keimena, 1918-1924, op.cit., pp. 523-4, 534-42. See also Loulis, J. C., The Greek Communist Party, 1940-1944 (London, 1982) p.1. 6. KKE Episima Keimena, 1925-1928, vol. II (Athens, 1974) pp. 99, 101-2,105. 7. The results of the votes received by SEKE(K)/KKE in the elections held during the period 1923-9 were the following: 1923: 2.25 per cent; 1926: 3.6 per cent; 1928: 1.41 per cent; 1929: 1.70 per cent.
    [Show full text]
  • The Struggle of the Greek Communists Against Revisionism
    Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism On-Line Organisation for the Reconstruction of the Communist Party of Greece 1918-1955 The Struggle of the Greek Communists against Revisionism Published: Revolutionary Democracy Vol. XIV, No. 2, September 2008 http://revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv14n2/greek.htm Transcription, Editing and Markup: Sam Richards and Paul Saba Copyright: This work is in the Public Domain under the Creative Commons Common Deed. You can freely copy, distribute and display this work; as well as make derivative and commercial works. Please credit the Encyclopedia of Anti- Revisionism On-Line as your source, include the url to this work, and note any of the transcribers, editors & proofreaders above. a) The Tashkent events At the end of August 1949, after a three-and-a-half-year armed struggle against the Greek monarchist-fascist reaction and the Anglo-American imperialism, following a decision by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE), the partisans of the Democratic Army of Greece (DA) left behind their homeland and retreated to Albania. It was a mass exodus. In 1949-50, an overall number of 55,381 people (of which 67.6% were adults 18-55 years old, 1.7% were very old and 17,352 were children up to 17 years) abandoned Greece and settled in the various People’s Republics and the Soviet Union. Almost 18,000 communist refugees went to Tashkent, the capital of the SSR of Uzbekistan where they were organised in separate residential quarters called Politeies. After adjusting to the new life conditions, the Greek communists proceeded to reorganise their party.
    [Show full text]
  • Cahiers Balkaniques, 43 | 2015, « Questions D’Identité Dans Les Balkans Du Xxe Siècle » [En Ligne], Mis En Ligne Le 31 Décembre 2015, Consulté Le 06 Juillet 2021
    Cahiers balkaniques 43 | 2015 Questions d’identité dans les Balkans du XXe siècle Joëlle Dalègre (dir.) Édition électronique URL : https://journals.openedition.org/ceb/8064 DOI : 10.4000/ceb.8064 ISSN : 2261-4184 Éditeur INALCO Édition imprimée ISBN : 978-2-85831-229-0 ISSN : 0290-7402 Référence électronique Joëlle Dalègre (dir.), Cahiers balkaniques, 43 | 2015, « Questions d’identité dans les Balkans du XXe siècle » [En ligne], mis en ligne le 31 décembre 2015, consulté le 06 juillet 2021. URL : https:// journals.openedition.org/ceb/8064 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/ceb.8064 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 6 juillet 2021. Cahiers balkaniques est mis à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International. 1 L'ensemble de ce numéro est consacré à des articles nés de colloques, de varia ou des comptes rendus tous liés à des phénomènes humains. La première partie est axée sur les témoignages, témoignages de femmes résistantes ou déportées pendant la décennie 1940 dans les Balkans, des existences jetées par l’histoire dans des situations exceptionnelles, un « Malgré-nous » mosellan qui se retrouve dans les montagnes albanaises, une paysanne roumaine jetée en Sibérie, une jeune fille contrainte à « prendre la montagne » puis à rejoindre l'URSS avant de réussir à retrouver la France, des femmes qui « choisissent » la collaboration horizontale en Serbie... Nous retrouvons dans une seconde partie les questions identitaires en particulier à Chypre et en Macédoine avec des textes rares sur la République de Chypre du Nord et l'imbroglio identitaire macédonien du XXe siècle.
    [Show full text]
  • Communist Party of Greece - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Communist Party of Greece - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Greece Communist Party of Greece From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Communist Party of Greece (Greek: Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας , Kommounistikó Kómma Elládas , KKE ) is a Communist Party of Greece Marxist–Leninist political party in Greece. Founded in 1918 Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας as the Socialist Labour Party of Greece , it is the oldest Kommounistikó Kómma Elládas party in the Greek political scene. It is one of the most important communist parties in the Western world and at the same time one of the most hardline. Contents 1 History 1.1 Foundation General Secretary Dimitris Koutsoumpas 1.2 KKE between the two World Wars 1.2.1 KKE and the Macedonian issue Founded 17 November [O.S. 4 1.3 KKE during the Second World War November] 1918 1.3.1 1940 Headquarters 145 Leof. Irakliou, 1.3.2 1941: Invasion 142 31 Athens (Nea Ionia), 1.3.3 1942 to liberation Greece 1.4 KKE and the Greek Civil War Newspaper Rizospastis 1.5 Post-War era Student wing Panspoudastiki 1.6 During the Junta Youth wing Communist Youth of Greece 1.7 Legalisation Trade Union Wing All-Workers Militant Front 1.8 Participation in government Ideology Communism 1.9 21st century Marxism–Leninism 2 Splits and alliances Euroscepticism [1] 3 Youth organisation Political position [2][3] 4 Current activities Far-left 5 The congresses of the Communist Party of Greece International International Meeting of 6 List of First Secretaries and General Secretaries affiliation
    [Show full text]