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European University Institute Department of Political and Social Sciences Florence EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE Department of Politic«! and Social Sciences CONFLICT, CONSENSUS AND REPRESENTATION: Th« Party Groups in the European Parliament Philomena HURRAY Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the Degree of Doctor of the European University Institute Department of Political and Social Sciences Florence Examining Jury Professor Rudolf Bildenmann, Universität Mannheim (supervisor) Professor David Coombes, National Institute of Higher Education, Limerick (external supervisor) Dr. Roland Bieber, European Parliament, Luxembourg Professor Birgitta Nedelmann, Universität Hainz Professor Roger Morgan, European University Institute June 1989 E m p M i IMvaraity Im MMì ® 3 L ^ S ! m ! S a 4 EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE LIB 328. Department of Political and Social Scianca« MUR CONFLICT, CONSENSUS AND REPRESENTATION: The Party Groups in tha European Parliament Philomena HURRAY Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the Degree of Doctor of the European University Institute Department of Political and Social Sciences Florence Examinia£ Jury Professor Rudolf Wildenmann, Universität Mannheim (supervisor) Professor David Coombes, National Institute of Higher Education, Limerick (external supervisor) Dr Roland Bibber, European Parliament, Luxembourg Professor Birgitta Nedelmann, Universität Mainz Professor Roger Morgan, European University Institute ABSTRACT The thesis presents an analysis of the transnational political groups of the European Parliament, relating this to theories of political parties, parliaments and representation, while emphasising that existing comparative studies applied, to Europe are of limited value in explaining the nature of political organisation at the European level. The thesis postulates that it is essential that the political groups be analysed in terms of the nature of the European Community itself as a fluid polity and illustrates the problems of understanding European Integration as a political process. An analysis of the functions and role of the political groups is carried out and the study concludes that the groups function effectively as organisers of the European Parliament, with integrative and representational functions, but that at this stage of their development they cannot be seen as European parties. The study is based on research and analysis carried out through interviews conducted by the author as an active member of the European University Institute Survey team for the Study of MEPs, and supplemented by interviews with EP and political group officials. TABLE OF CONTESTS page no. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2 ABBREVIATIONS 3 INTRODUCTION - Conflict, Consensus and Representation in the 7 European Parliament CHAPTER ONE - The European Community: a Fluid Polity 28 CHAPTER TWO - The European Parliament in the European Community 56 CHAPTER THREE - Elections Without Representation? 94 CHAPTER FOUR - The Study of the Party Groups: Origins 124 and Developments CHAPTER FIVE - Party Groups after the Direct Elections 159 CHAPTER SIX - The Party Groups of the Left in the 169 European Parliament CHAPTER SEVEN - The Party Groups of the Centre and Right 235 in the European Parliament CHAPTER EIGHT - Conclusions: Party Groups in a Fluid Polity 282 BIBLIOGRAPHY 324 APPENDICES - Appendix A: Interview Schedule with European 344 Parliament officials. - Appendix B: European University Institute Study of Members of the European Parliament. 347 ACOOVLEDGEMEJTTS I would like to thank the Irish government for a scholarship to study at the European University Institute for three years. I would like to express my gratitude to Professor Rudolf Vildenmann for his supervision, interest and encouragement since 1980 and the provision of office and computer facilities while I was on a grant at the University of Mannheim in 1986. I am grateful to the Department of Foreign Affairs in Dublin for granting me study leave in order to work on the thesis. My sincere thanks are extended to Professor David Coombes for his supervision, encouragement and support and for stimulating my interest in the EC and the EP. My thanks are extended to Emir Lawless, Aiae de Burca and Philippe Schiltz for assistance with documentation. John Fitrmaurice, Prof. Roland Bieber, Prof. Roger Morgan, Dr. Bruce Headey and Dr. Gianni Bonvicini provided many valuable comments on my hypotheses and earlier drafts of the thesis, which enabled me to focus on the central issues of European Integration in the EP. I am very grateful to the many officials of the party groups and of the EP secretariat who agreed to allow me to interview them on several occasions. I would like to thank the EUI, the EP and the Volkswagen Foundation for the funding for the EUI Study of MEPs. A special thanks is extended to the MEPs who agreed so willingly to the EUI interviews and gave of their time so generously. The EUI Survey provided EUI researchers with special access to MEPs by personally Interviewing each MEP and the success of the Survey merits a tribute to Prof. Vildenmenn and the other EUI scholars and colleagues for their cooperation, stimulation, assistance and encouragement. A scholar attempting this task alone would not have been able to draw up such a comprehensive survey and administer it to all members states. I was in a privileged position of being able to have frequent contact with officials over a relatively long period of time. I was also fortunate to be stagiaire at the EC Commission's Secretariat General, Division for relations with the EP. This was reinforced by the unique opportunity to study and visit the EC institutions, and by my experience at the College of Europe in Bruges and the EUI. More recent experience as a diplomat engaged on policy on the IGC and EC institutions further enhanced my knowledge of the EC. I would like to thank the following for accommodation and friendship in different cities throughout Europe, in order to enable me to carry out my research: Beate and Gerd Toscani, Gabrielle Veale, Margareta Haglund, Daniele and Brigitte Barbi-Hansen, Margaret Herden, Carmel Foley and Emir Lawless. The support of my family, in the northern and southern hemispheres, was invaluable and very dear to me, and my parents in particular have been a source of love always. Last but not least, this thesis is dedicated to John, who provided support and love and endured the trials of reading the entire thesis and who provided valuable sociological insights and great pasta in Paris and Melbourne. z ABBBEVIATIOIS Agalev Alternative living (Flemish Party) ABC Ba inbow group Cons Conservative and Unionist Party CAP Coanon Agricultural Policy CD Christian Democrat CD (Denmark) Centre Democrats CDA (letherlands) Christian Democratic Union CDS (France) Centre of Social Democrats CDU (Germany) Christian Democratic Union CFIP Fational Centre of Farmers and the Self-employed COX Communist and Allies group COBEPER Committee of Permanent Representatives of the EC member states CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe CSU (Germany) Christian Social Union CVP (Flemish) Christian Social Party DC (Italy) Christian Democracy DCF French Christian Democracy DP (Italy) Proletarian Democracy DP (Luxembourg) Democratic Party DUP (UK) Democratic Unionist Party Ecolo Ecology Party EAEC European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) 2) EC European Community/Communities ECSC European Coal and Steel Community ECU European Currency Unit ED European Democratic group EDA European Democratic Alliance CRDE) EDF European Development Fund EEC European Economic Community EP European Parliament EPEI (Greece) lational Political Union EPD European Progressive Democrat« EPQ European Parliamentary Question EPP European People's Party ESC Economic and Social Committee EUI European University Institute FF Fianna Fail Party FG Fine Gael Party FI lational Front GPA (Jetherlands) Green party IGC Intergovernmental Conference Ind Independent Ind Sin (Italy) Independents of the Left KF (Denmark) Conservative People's Party m Greek Communist Party KKE es Greek Communist Party (of the interior) LDR Liberal and Democratic Reformist group I f Lab Labour Lib Liberal HEP Member of the European Parliament MSP (France) Mouvement Républicain Populaire MSI-DH Italian Social Movement - National Sight IA Hon-af filiated members HD (Greece) Hew Democracy Party PASOK Panhellenic Socialist Movement PCF French Communist Party PCI Italian Communist Party PCS Réunion Communist Party PCS (Luxembourg) Christian Social Party PLI Italian Liberal Party PDSL Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party PPR (Hetherlands) Sadical Party PQ Parliamentary Question PS Republican Party PE (Italy) Radical Party PR I Italian Republican Party PRL (Walloon) Party for Reform and Freedom PS Parti Socialiste PSC (Walloon) Christian Social Party PSDI Italian Social Democratic Party PSP (Hetherlands) Pacifist Socialist Party PvdA (Hetherlands) Labour Party 5 PVV (Planish) Party for Freedom and Progress Rad Radical Party RPR Rassemblement pour la République S (Denmark) Social Democratic Party Soc Socialist SDLP (UK) Social Democratic and Labour Party SEA Single European Act SF (Denmark) Socialist People's Party SGP (letherlands) Calvinist Party SIP Scottish lational Party SPD German Social Democratic Party SVP South Tyrol People's Party TC Group for Technical Coordination and Defence of Independent Members ÜDF Union for French Democracy UDR Union des Démocrates pour la République UÏTCE Union of Industries of the European Community UUP Ulster Unionist Party UV-PSdA Union of the Val d'Aosta - Sardinian Action
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