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Determination of Hg As a Pollutant in Marine Culture of Karachi's Coastal Waters by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

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Determination of Hg As a Pollutant in Marine Culture of Karachi's Coastal Waters by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Determination of Hg as a pollutant in Marine culture of Karachi's coastal waters by cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy SHA||(H MoHtuDDtN M_ 5c Disseiation submitted to the University of KaEchi for the award of degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Chemistry University of Karac$i 2009 Dedicated to:- Anni, Abbu(My pdrents) fianls to All.h-eobh.nahut rh the mort nercltul, eto e.abled n. !o @mplele thls t8L I k jun bs@ of Hlr klndns a.d .sn,A th.i | @uH 6ndud. thb nody. I owe rpel.l Srattude to ny rupedisor Pbl Dr lftilh.. ham N.qvl, romer D.a F.clltv of lclence .nd Chakm.n Depanment of Chehistry, unlv.Eliv of K.rachi. Hls 8uld..@, sg8lit-btr' sqpporl .nd Esdr mor. tta had h€.n th. m.jo. $urc. ot inselr.rbn lofa.ds .cconplbhir€nt ot rh. t ft!t, I am abo thanktul to Prot, 0r. Z.hld. T, Maqlood, Ch.lrper5on oep.rlnent of Chemistry Uriv€r!|ry ol |(.r&hl for prcvldl.g me hcilhl.s .n.l lsurces. 'ftev In $. l.nt l(s ny pt|!11.8! to th{r my hmlly mnbs, @ll..8ss ..d niEndr . p6y€d ior m.luslon of thls study thar I del.yed due to mv lau 1..33, I offer tpecr.l Er.thod. to 8.rhe* bh.l io, l.Ddl.8 a helptul h.nd l Total mercury (rcgadtess of irs foftn) is inv€srigaled as a polturanr in ihe marine system of coastal €gions ot Karachi for rhe pedod between 2006-2008. seawaler ssdiment, fish sea@d and ,itr€l Hers have bs€n focused tof rorat mefcury c4ntent (THg). Seven sites wers setected for anatysss. Sires have b€6n @t€onzed into polluted and eG aro6s. Po uled area haooens to be near tie city and safe area is beyond the civit activitiss. Manora is ide.tified 6s most pollll€d slalion. Industfial and domestio €fllu€nts havs b66n identiti€d to b€ a majo. sourc€ ofpollution. lndust,iatwast€ goi idenriied to b6 the majorpoltuiio. conlibutor in consequenc€ of cohpaBtjvs seawater anatyses of samptes @llecled n weekdays and a€ek€nds. Bioaocumutation and bio-amltific:rion in ecosystem has also b€€n monito€d tnrcugh anatyses on ssdiment and tittsr ieeder (bamacles, oFter, and mlssets). For a pedod ot the years seasonal vanalons have also bee. marked. Monsoon 6nd non-monsoon metat load was specitically €corded and cornparcd. po ution toad is estimaled by anatysis of seawater n nalw channets having difeEnc€s jn tjdes. Anatvses ot sudace water s.mpl€s cottected trom d,stanes in d€ep sea estabtish that ihe polturion goes towards deep sea lrom Karachi's coaslal paramere.s. Furure THg ievets ale arso being pedicred as an ourcome p€d.qining to lhree yea6 data. In tish sampres THg va.ied with diftecnces in ags a.d size. Liver is noried to b€.r the highest THg load among various oqans ot the same tish. Seatood samptes arc also invesligaled tor THg and they arc found ro b€ wlhin Oo ,ecomdended limits. Selected samptes of seawe€d ano no Drominent i.ado||!tip of THg I rflh ned tEgbo, re.cl o. lotnon Ddf. Col n o. AAS b ltlpbFd €s a rflo. -atdcst boa thb bonq€ a .dntrrd b yriorrl anJyllc.t FE ralt a td * dst|&{ tfitasE dr b 9r€actca of !.*r!tcatio.B aE rlin . tibrr|6 nun Cl., CA, tg, Cut ]d bdtd. ftt F!.elce d MnO.) *r b.hg ,tporlod, Ar lnofter bd?€.rhrn .|brfc.l bdnhr t|. rnodtc .ttpi,rg vof€nm.ny (AaU war .rnpby.d b !!c.lbh h-. |! u|lt. ftytlcodbmhat panlrrb,r lbo .Wpm in€ TH! en.r|€! oulcoml.. s.vlrat.H.!cd poq bst !k AtErvA.nd hrv. b..i dnptoy€d ior compar.on and deta tlducuol! 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