CAMPCITIES
The ambiguous reality of Palestinian refugee camps between urbanisation and humanitarian emergency 10/04/2007 1. the origin of the refugee crisis: refugee camps in the Middle East
The birth of the refugee problem: location of camps in the Near East A growing population: UNRWA‘s officially registered refugees
4,500,000
800,000 Refugee population structure: registered refugees in camps
2007
Refugees outside refugee camps: 3 million
Refugees inside 1948 refugee camps: 1,5 million 150,000
500,000 Refugee population structure: refugees inside and outside camps
800,000
Palestinian Non-Refugees: 450,000
Refugees outside Refugee Camps: 450,000
500,000
Refugees inside Refugee Camps: 500,000
200,000
WEST BANK GAZA STRIP 1. the origin of the refugee crisis: refugee camps in the Middle East
2. campcities as ambiguous sites: urbanisation vs. areas of exception
1. the origin of the refugee crisis: refugee camps in the Middle East
2. campcities as ambiguous sites: urbanisation vs. areas of exception
3. camp locations in West Bank: urban, sub-urban and rural context
The Region: Location of West Bank Camps
Jenin
Nur TulkaremShams Far'a Camp No.1Aska Balatar
Deir Ammar Jalazone Amari Qalandiya Ein El Sultan Aqabet Shufat Jaber
Aid a Beit DeheisheJibreen
Arrou b
Fawwar
refugee camp Palestinian built up area Green Line
Context typologies: selection of three case studies
Jenin • urban context (2)
Nur TulkaremShams Far'a • suburban context (11) Camp No.1Aska Balatar • rural context (6)
Deir Ammar Jalazone Amari Qalandiya Ein El Sultan Aqabet Shufat Jaber
Aid a Beit Deheishe Jibreen
Arrou b
Fawwar
urban context urban edge/ suburban rural Urban Location: Amari within Al Bireh Municipality
Al Bireh
Amari Sub-urban Location: Deheishe next to Bethlehem, Beit Jala, Doha, Artas
Beit Jala
Al-Kader Bethlehem
Al-Doha
Deheishe
Artas Rural Location: Al Fawwar
Fawwar 1. the origin of the refugee crisis: refugee camps in the Middle East
2. campcities as ambiguous sites: urbanisation vs. areas of exception
3. camp locations in West Bank: urban, sub-urban and rural context
4. historical evolution: horizontal growth, verticalitation, saturation
Shu‘fat (1966) Shu‘fat (1980s) Shu‘fat (2000)
1. the origin of the refugee crisis: refugee camps in the Middle East
2. campcities as ambiguous sites: urbanisation vs. areas of exception
3. camp locations in West Bank: urban, sub-urban and rural context
4. historical evolution: horizontal growth, verticalitation, saturation
5. building patterns and architecture: informal growth
Building patterns and architecture: thr growing house
1948 1967 1987 2003
31 persons
7 persons Building patterns and architecture: micro studies Building patterns and architecture: distribution of staircases 1. the origin of the refugee crisis: refugee camps in the Middle East
2. campcities as ambiguous sites: urbanisation vs. areas of exception
3. camp locations in West Bank: urban, sub-urban and rural context
4. historical evolution: horizontal growth, verticalitation, saturation
5. building patterns and architecture: informal growth
6. relation to context: interaction, informal spill-over and expansion
Relation to context: closed borders
Relation to context: engaged borders
Relation to context: border zones and gates
1 Jerusalem-Nablus Road (shops, Car services)
2 Samira Street 2 (car sevices)
1 3 Western edge (black smith, car 3 services)
official UNRWA camp unrecognized camp closed border engaged border Main entrance Relation to context: spill-over
spill-over: blurring official UNRWA boundary by extened and self-built shelters
official UNRWA camp unrecognized camp closed border engaged border main entrance spill-over Relation to context: unofficial expansion
approx. 4000 people or 40 per cent of the registered camp community live beyond UNRWA borders
Lifta cluster
En El Sharayit
spil over informal expansion Relation to context: out-Migration/ unofficial expansion in West Bank
refugee living within camp registered refugees living outside of the camp but participating in its daily affairs/ UNRWA services Relation to context: conflictual landscape
no formal mediating Beit Jala body/ structure is currently in place to facilitate the relation between camp bodies, UNRWA and external stakeholders for
Al-Doha Al-Kader Bethlehem • conflict negotiation • the identification of ? 2 areas of mutual interest Deheishe 4 • the negotiation of joint 1 initiatives or strategic 3 visions
Artas
Relation to context: work migration until 2003/ 2004
Jenin • camps as hubs for Hader a low-skilled workers in Netanya Nur TulkaremShams Far'a Israel: peripheral Camp No.1Aska location as an r Kefar Balata advantage Sava
Ramat Gan • even access of work Deir Ammar Rishon Leziyyon Jalazone opportunities for all Amari Qalandiya Ein El Sultan West Bank camps Aqabet Shufat Jaber West Bet Jerusalem Aid Shemesh a Beit DeheisheJibreen
Arrou b
Fawwar
Refugee Camp Destinations for migrant workers (e.g. industrial zones) Relation to context: construction of separation wall/ fence
Jenin likely long term impacts for the future: Nur TulkaremShams Far'a Camp No.1Aska • increase of Balatar polarisation: more opportunities/ potentials for centrally located Deir Ammar Jalazone camps Amari Qalandiya Ein El Sultan Aqabet Shufat Jaber • possible new Aid internal migration a Beit DeheisheJibreen towards the centre Arrou b (refugees are more mobile than ordinary Fawwar citizens)
central camps peripheral camps 1. the origin of the refugee crisis: refugee camps in the Middle East
2. campcities as ambiguous sites: urbanisation vs. areas of exception
3. camp locations in West Bank: urban, sub-urban and rural context
4. historical evolution: horizontal growth, verticalitation, saturation
5. building patterns and architecture: informal growth
6. relation to context: interaction, informal spill-over and expansion
7. strategic master plan: mapping of needs, assets, potent. action areas
Problems and needs: Assets and potentials: lack of expansion for passing traffic as business businesses opportunity condition of main road
Problems and needs: Assets and potentials: dispersal of institutions formation of institutional clusters UNRWA campus as ghetto possibilities to expans
congested zone
Problems and needs: Assets and potentials: congestion agricultual land around camp as possible zone for buildings risks expansion social polarisation
Problems and needs: Assets and potentials: lack of access in some central agrlcultural zone as camp areas (bottle necks) green zone condition of main road/ external open spaces in danger passing traffic quarter bad road connectiond to Hieraschical road system expansion zones of camp
1. the origin of the refugee crisis: refugee camps in the Middle East
2. campcities as ambiguous sites: urbanisation vs. areas of exception
3. camp locations in West Bank: urban, sub-urban and rural context
4. historical evolution: horizontal growth, verticalitation, saturation
5. building patterns and architecture: informal growth
6. relation to context: interaction, informal spill-over and expansion
7. strategic master plan: mapping of needs, assets, potent. action areas
8. urban accupunction: community driven small-scale interventions