Murattozan2012.Pdf (2.914Mb)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Murattozan2012.Pdf (2.914Mb) T.C. EGE ÜNĐVERSĐTESĐ SOSYAL BĐLĐMLER ENSTĐTÜSÜ Tarih (Eskiçağ Tarihi) Anabilim Dalı ROMA’NIN ANADOLU’DAKĐ EGEMENLĐK POLĐTĐKASI: KENTLER VE BAĞIMLI KRALLIKLAR (Đ.Ö. 133-Đ.Ö. 89) DOKTORA TEZĐ Murat TOZAN DANIŞMANI: Prof. Dr. Süleyman ÖZKAN ĐZMĐR-2012 ĐÇĐNDEKĐLER ÖNSÖZ ..................................................................................................................................................... ĐĐĐ GĐRĐŞ .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 1. BÖLÜM: ĐLK ĐLĐŞKĐLERDEN ATTALOS’UN VASĐYETĐNE ROMA’NIN ANADOLU POLĐTĐKASI (211-133) 1.1 I. Makedonya Savaşı’na Kadar Roma ve Hellenistik Dünya ................................................. 13 1.2 I. Makedonya Savaşı’ndan Phoinike Anlaşması’na (211-205) ............................................... 16 1.3 Phoinike’den II. Makedonya Savaşı Sonuna (205-196) .......................................................... 19 1.4 Antiokhos Savaşı ve Apameia Anlaşması Süreci (196-188) .................................................... 23 1.5 Apameia’dan Pydna’ya (188-167) ............................................................................................ 28 1.6 Pydna’dan Attalos’un Vasiyetine (167-133) ............................................................................ 39 2. BÖLÜM: ARĐSTONĐKOS AYAKLANMASI VE ASĐA EYALETĐ’NĐN KURULMASI (133- 126) 2.1 Aristonikos Ayaklanması Sırasında Roma’nın Anadolu’daki Egemenlik Politikası (133- 130) ..................................................................................................................................................... 50 2.1.1 Attalos’un Vasiyetnamesinin Kabul Edilmesi .................................................................... 50 2.1.2 Aristonikos Ayaklanmasının Başlaması ve Batı Anadolu Kentleri .................................... 52 2.1.3 Roma’nın Diplomatik Girişimleri ve Scipio Nasica’nın Elçiliği ........................................ 57 2.1.4 Askeri Müdahale ve Aristonikos’un Ele Geçirilmesi ......................................................... 62 2.2 Manius Aquilius ve Asia Eyaleti’nin Kurulması (129-126) .................................................... 68 2.2.1 Askeri Harekatın Tamamlanması ....................................................................................... 68 2.2.2 Provincia Asia : Doğrudan Roma Egemenliğinin Sınırları ................................................. 71 2.2.3 Asia Eyaleti’nin Kuruluş Sürecinde Roma’nın Đdari Düzenlemeleri ................................. 76 2.2.3.1 Lex Portorii Asiae ......................................................................................................................... 77 2.2.3.2 Asia Koinon u ................................................................................................................................ 79 2.2.3.3 Conventus Sistemi ......................................................................................................................... 81 2.2.3.4 Senatus Consultum de Agro Pergameno ....................................................................................... 82 2.3 Asia Eyaleti’nin Kuruluş Sürecinde Kentlerin Siyasal ve Ekonomik Statüleri ................... 86 2.3.1 Asia Eyaleti Sınırları Đçerisindeki Kentlerin Ekonomik Statüleri....................................... 86 2.3.2 Asia Eyaleti Sınırları Đçerisindeki Kentlerin Siyasal Statüleri ............................................ 88 2.3.2.1 Klaros/Kolophon Yazıtları: Imperium a Karşı Autonomia ............................................................. 88 2.3.2.2 Dostluk ve Đttifak: Elaia-Roma Anlaşması .................................................................................... 94 2.3.2.3 Batı Anadolu’da Tanrıça Roma Kültü ........................................................................................... 95 2.3.2.4 Cezalandırılan Kentler .................................................................................................................. 96 2.4 Eyalet Đçindeki ve Dışındaki Kentlerin Özgürlükleri: Bir Değerlendirme .......................... 97 3. BÖLÜM: GAIUS GRACCHUS VE II. YÜZYILIN SON ÇEYREĞĐNDE ROMA EGEMENLĐK POLĐTĐKASI (126-100) 3.1 Gaius Gracchus ve Kentler: Lex Sempronia de Provincia Asia ............................................ 100 3.2 Gaius Gracchus ve Bağımlı Krallıklar: Phrygia ve Lykaonia’nın Geri Alınması............. 104 3.3 Gaius Gracchus’dan Sonra Kentler ....................................................................................... 116 3.3.1 Eyalet Kentlerindeki Romalılar ........................................................................................ 116 3.3.2 Publicanus lar ve Kentler .................................................................................................. 119 3.3.3 Romalı Magistratlar ve Kentler ........................................................................................ 124 3.4 Gaius Gracchus’dan Sonra Bağımlı Krallıklar (123-100) .................................................... 130 3.4.1 Paphlagonia’nın Paylaşılması ve Roma Elçilik Heyeti .................................................... 132 3.4.2 Kappadokia Üzerinde Mücadele ve Roma’nın Tepkisizliği ............................................. 134 i 3.4.3 Publicanus ların Asia Eyaleti Sınırları Dışında Yarattıkları Sorunlar ............................... 136 4. BÖLÜM: I. YÜZYILIN BAŞINDAN I. MĐTHRIDATES SAVAŞI’NA ROMA’NIN ANADOLU’DAKĐ EGEMENLĐK POLĐTĐKASI (100-89) 4.1 Korsanlık ve “ Provincia Cilicia ” ............................................................................................. 141 4.1.1 Marcus Antonius’un Korsanlara Karşı Seferi (102-100) .................................................. 141 4.1.2 Lex de Provinciis Praetoriis (100) ................................................................................... 149 4.2 Marius’un Anadolu Seyahati .................................................................................................. 157 4.3 Q. Mucius Scaevola ve Kentler ............................................................................................... 161 4.4 Sulla, Cilicia ve Kappadokia ................................................................................................... 170 4.5 Aquilius’un Elçiliği, Mithridates ve Anadolu’da Roma Egemenliğinin Ortadan Kalkması .. ................................................................................................................................................... 178 SONUÇ .................................................................................................................................................... 186 KAYNAKÇA VE KISALTMALAR LĐSTESĐ .................................................................................... 196 EKLER .................................................................................................................................................... 245 ÖZGEÇMĐŞ ............................................................................................................................................ 247 ÖZET ...................................................................................................................................................... 248 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................ 249 ii ÖNSÖZ Roma Cumhuriyeti’nin Đtalya’daki bir kent devletinden Akdeniz imparatorluğuna dönüşme süreci, Antik Çağ’dan itibaren birçok araştırmacı için ilgi çekici bir konu olagelmiştir. Bu süreçte Roma’nın Hellenistik dünya ile olan ilişkileri bilhassa önemlidir. Roma’nın, aralarında siyasal, sosyal, ekonomik çıkar ilişkileri ya da düşmanlıklar bulunan krallıklar, yerel hanedanlar, kent birlikleri ve kent devletlerinin bulunduğu Hellenistik dünya ile – dolayısıyla Anadolu ile – temas kurarak buradaki dengeleri kendi lehine değiştirmesi, nihayetinde Roma’nın Hellenistik dünyaya egemen olmasıyla sonuçlanacaktır. Gerek Roma’nın cumhuriyet dönemi gerekse Hellenistik dönemde Anadolu, önceden beri ilgimi çeken konular olduğundan doktora tezimi Roma’nın Anadolu’da egemenlik kurma süreci ile ilgili bir konuda hazırlamış olmaktan memnuniyet duymaktayım. Doktora çalışmalarım sırasında Đzmir’deki kütüphanelerin yanı sıra Boğaziçi, Ankara ve Bilkent üniversitelerinin kütüphaneleri ile Ankara’daki Đngiliz Araştırma Enstitüsü ( The British Institute at Ankara ), Amerikan Đlmi Araştırmalar Enstitüsü (American Research Institute in Turkey ), Türk Tarih Kurumu ve Đstanbul’daki Alman Arkeoloji Enstitüsü ( Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Abteilung Istanbul ), Fransız Anadolu Araştırmaları Enstitüsü (Institut Français d’Études Anatoliennes ) ve Koç Üniversitesi Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi’nin kütüphanelerinden yararlandım. Ayrıca doktora araştırmalarımın bir kısmını DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst ) tarafından Doktora Öğrencilerine ve Genç Bilim Adamlarına verilen Bilimsel Araştırma Bursu’nu kazanarak Münih’teki Ludwig- Maximilian Üniversitesinde gerçekleştirme olanağı buldum. Bu süreçte Ludwig- Maximilian Üniversitesi’nin kütüphanesinin yanı sıra yine Münih’te bulunan Alman Arkeoloji Enstitüsü Eskiçağ Tarihi ve Epigrafi Komisyonu ( Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Kommission für Alte Geschichte und Epigraphik ) kütüphanesi ile Bavyera Devlet Kütüphanesi’nde ( Bayerische Staatsbibliothek ) tez konum ile ilgili çalışmalarda bulundum.
Recommended publications
  • Weekly Notices to Mariners Bulletin
    WEEKLY NOTICES TO MARINERS BULLETIN 471 BW Fl.G.3s 315 ° -135° G G Patlayıcı Fl.3s70m29M Siren Mo(N)60s R 95 Wk BRB MANYETİK VARYASYON 5° 10 ' ' E 2010 (5 E) . 52 15 Üretim kuyusu Wk ( )36 WEEK : 28 NOTICES TO MARINERS (NtMs) NUMBERS 13 JULY 2019 137 - 140 OFFICE OF NAVIGATION, HYDROGRAPHY AND OCEANOGRAPHY CHART AND NAUTICAL PUBLICATION REQUESTS FROM OFFICE OF NAVIGATION, HYDROGRAPHY AND OCEANOGRAPHY Since chart requests can be processed once the latest amendments are applied, stock is available, and entry transactions are made, requesting authorities/individuals are kindly asked to coordinate with ONHO Accountable Property office beforehand for large quantity of requests. Coordinating Authority : Accountable Property Office E-mail : [email protected] Web : www.shodb.gov.tr Phone Number :+90 216 322 25 80 Ext.4230-4232 Fax : +90 216 331 05 25 SALE OFFICES Charts and nautical publications produced by ONHO are sold in ONHO-authorized sale offices. Up-to-date lists are available in Weekly Notices to Mariners. The prices of the charts and nautical publications put up for sale in authorized sale offices are fixed by ONHO. AKADEMİ DENİZCİLİK TİC. VE LTD. ŞTİ. MİLTA TUR. İŞL. A.Ş. BODRUM MARİNA ŞB. YILMAZ DENİZ MOTORLARI TİC. LTD. ŞTİ. Kemeraltı Cad. Nu.:22 Neyzen Tevfik Cad. Nu.:5 Kiremithane Mah. Cengiztopel Cd. Karaköy/İSTANBUL Bodrum/MUĞLA Torpil Apt. Nu.:52 MERSİN Telefon : 0 212 251 82 49 Telefon : 0 252 316 18 60 Telefon : 0 324 237 12 80 Belgegeçer : 0 212 251 85 59 Belgegeçer : 0 252 316 14 06 Belgegeçer : 0 324 237 02 61 AMATÖR DENİZCİLİK FEDERASYONU POYRAZ GEMİ DONANIM, DENETİM SERVİS ZEKİ KEBİR YAY.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural History of the Lunar and Solar Eclipse in the Early Roman Empire
    Cultural History of the Lunar and Solar Eclipse in the Early Roman Empire Richard C. Carrier The regularity and consistency of human imagination may be first displayed in the beliefs connected with eclipses. It is well known that these phenomena, to us now crucial instances of the exactness of natural laws, are, throughout the lower stages of civilization, the very embodiment of miraculous disaster.1 Fifteen hundred years have not yet passed since Greece numbered and named the stars and yet many nations today only know the heavens by their appearance, and do not yet understand why the moon fails or how it is overshadowed.2 More than fifteen hundred years separates these two remarks. Each reveals a gulf between the learned and unlearned, but for Tylor it is a contrast between today and long ago, or here and far away, while for Seneca it is a contrast between the wise and the vulgar, who live in the same time and place. For the lunar and solar eclipse is a phenomenon where the strongest and clearest divide appears between the educated Roman and the common multitude. In contrast with almost everything else in Roman experience, from earthquakes to disease, eclipses of sun and moon can be understood in their entirety, and explained with mathematical precision, without the aid of advanced technology or modern scientific methods. But to those who lacked the encouragement to employ careful observation and physical explanation, and who lacked the breadth of information available to the literate, the eclipse was the most awesome and dire event in human experience.
    [Show full text]
  • Exports: the Heart of Nep
    How to Export to 2018 Turkey This report includes all the information related to trade basics and detailed data regarding export from Brazil to Turkey. This report is for information purposes only and Tumer Eng. will not be liable to any direct, indirect, incidental, special, consequential or exemplary damages, including but not limited to, damages for loss of profits, goodwill, use, data, or other intangible losses. Ver:1.0 2018 1 Contents 1 Why Turkey.................................................................................................................................... 12 1.1 General Information .............................................................................................................. 12 1.2 Geography ............................................................................................................................. 13 1.2.1 Distances ....................................................................................................................... 18 1.2.2 Climate of Turkey .......................................................................................................... 19 1.2.2.1 Air temperature changes until now .......................................................................... 20 1.2.2.2 Precipitation changes until now ................................................................................ 21 1.2.2.3 Air temperature changes in the 21st century ........................................................... 21 1.2.2.4 Precipitation changes in the 21st century ................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Opening Speech
    II. National Symposium On The Aegean Islands, 2-3 July 2004, Gökçeada - Çanakkale OPENING SPEECH Ali KURUMAHMUT Prime Ministry of Navigation Counsellorship Marine Transportation General Manager The Aegean Sea lies between the Turkish and the Greek main lands, as well as between the Morea peninsular and the southwestern edges of the Anatolian coasts, with the extension of the islands of Çuha, Küçük Çuha, Girit, Kaşot, Kerpe and Rodos that constitute its outer natural boundaries. In terms of the geographical structure, the Aegean, a semi-closed sea, has geological and geo-morphological characteristics peculiar to itself: it has about 1800 islands, islets and rocks of various sorts, as well as a number of geographical formations, scattered al over the Sea. There is little wonder that all these characteristics make the Aegean Sea a special one. The Aegean dispute between Greece and Turkey has been complicated for a number of reasons: for instance, there are many islands in the Aegean that Turkey ceded to Greece through international treaties. And these islands lying in the natural extension of the Turkish mainland surround Anatolia from north to the south. But Athens makes claims of sovereignty over many islands, islets, and rocks though Ankara never ceded any of them to Greece officially. The most obvious and famous case would be the Kardak rocks crisis that erupted between Turkey and Greece at the beginning of 1996. These complications make the Aegean a sea that is of special importance among the seas of the world. It is possible to divide the Aegean Islands into five categories in terms of their geographical locations, geological and geo-morphological characteristics, the historical perspectives of the sovereign powers to which they belonged, the manner in which the sovereignty over them was determined through international treaties, as well as their importance for geo-political and strategic purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Olbia Gearwheel
    UNRAVELING THE MYSTERY OF THE ANCIENT OLBIA GEARWHEEL 9 January, 2016 - by April Holloway, London http://www.ancient-origins.net/artifacts-ancient-technology/unraveling-mystery-ancient-olbia- gearwheel-005136 https://www.facebook.com/ancientoriginsweb/ Home / Artifacts / Unraveling the Mystery of the Ancient Olbia Gearwheel 9 January, 2016 - 21:36 giopastore Unraveling the Mystery of the Ancient Olbia Gearwheel The restoration of the gearwheel found in Olbia (Sardinia, Italy) in 2006 by the Superintendence for Archaeological Heritage, dated between the mid-2nd century and the end of the 3rd century BC, has revealed a very important surprise: the teeth have a special curving which make them extraordinarily similar to the mathematically perfect profile used in modern gears. Moreover, the 1 unusual composition of the alloy (brass) was completely unexpected. As it turns out, the gear is very scientifically advanced despite being constructed before all other known mechanisms to date. Considering the perfect correlation between the scientific evidence and historical, literary and archaeological studies, it does not seem rash to conclude that the fragment from Olbia was an integral part of the Archimedes Planetarium (Orrery). The Archimedes Planetarium The Archimedes Planetarium was one of the most admired technical achievements in antiquity. The best information on this apparatus is given by Cicero, who writes that in the year 212 BC, when Syracuse was sacked by Roman troops, the consul Marcus Claudius Marcellus brought an apparatus constructed by Archimedes to Rome that reproduced the vault of the sky on a sphere, and another that predicted the apparent motions of the Sun, Moon and planets, thus corresponding to a modern planetarium.
    [Show full text]
  • Aristocratic Identities in the Roman Senate from the Social War to the Flavian Dynasty
    Aristocratic Identities in the Roman Senate From the Social War to the Flavian Dynasty By Jessica J. Stephens A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Greek and Roman History) in the University of Michigan 2016 Doctoral Committee: Professor David Potter, chair Professor Bruce W. Frier Professor Richard Janko Professor Nicola Terrenato [Type text] [Type text] © Jessica J. Stephens 2016 Dedication To those of us who do not hesitate to take the long and winding road, who are stars in someone else’s sky, and who walk the hillside in the sweet summer sun. ii [Type text] [Type text] Acknowledgements I owe my deep gratitude to many people whose intellectual, emotional, and financial support made my journey possible. Without Dr. T., Eric, Jay, and Maryanne, my academic career would have never begun and I will forever be grateful for the opportunities they gave me. At Michigan, guidance in negotiating the administrative side of the PhD given by Kathleen and Michelle has been invaluable, and I have treasured the conversations I have had with them and Terre, Diana, and Molly about gardening and travelling. The network of gardeners at Project Grow has provided me with hundreds of hours of joy and a respite from the stress of the academy. I owe many thanks to my fellow graduate students, not only for attending the brown bags and Three Field Talks I gave that helped shape this project, but also for their astute feedback, wonderful camaraderie, and constant support over our many years together. Due particular recognition for reading chapters, lengthy discussions, office friendships, and hours of good company are the following: Michael McOsker, Karen Acton, Beth Platte, Trevor Kilgore, Patrick Parker, Anna Whittington, Gene Cassedy, Ryan Hughes, Ananda Burra, Tim Hart, Matt Naglak, Garrett Ryan, and Ellen Cole Lee.
    [Show full text]
  • Klazomenai Lahitlerinin Üretimi Doğrultusunda Geliştirilen Seramik Pişirim Yöntemleri
    T.C. DOKUZ EYLÜL ÜNİVERSİTESİ GÜZEL SANATLAR ENSTİTÜSÜ SERAMİK ANASANAT DALI YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ KLAZOMENAİ LAHİTLERİNİN ÜRETİMİ DOĞRULTUSUNDA GELİŞTİRİLEN SERAMİK PİŞİRİM YÖNTEMLERİ Hazırlayan Serdar ASLAN Danışman Prof. Halil YOLERİ İZMİR-2013 YEMİN METNİ Yüksek Lisans Tezi olarak sunduğum “KLAZOMENAİ LAHİTLERİNİN ÜRETİMİ DOĞRULTUSUNDA GELİŞTİRİLEN SERAMİK PİŞİRİM YÖNTEMLERİ”adlı çalışmanın, tarafımdan, bilimsel ahlak ve geleneklere aykırı düşecek bir yardıma başvurmaksızın yazıldığını ve yararlandığım eserlerin bibliyografyada gösterilenlerden oluştuğunu, bunlara atıf yapılarak yararlanılmış olduğunu belirtir ve bunu onurumla doğrularım. Tarih 03/07/2013 Serdar ASLAN İmza i TUTANAK Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar Enstitüsü’ nün ......./......../...... tarih ve .............sayılı toplantısında oluşturulan jüri, Lisansüstü Öğretim Yönetmeliği’nin ....................maddesine göre Seramik Anasanat Dalı öğrencisi Serdar ASLAN’ın “Klazomenai Lahitlerinin Üretimi Doğrultusunda Geliştirilen Seramik Pişirim Yöntemleri” konulu tezi incelenmiş ve aday ......./....../……....... tarihinde, saat .............’da jüri önünde tez savunmasına alınmıştır. Adayın kişisel çalışmaya dayanan tezini savunmasından sonra ......... dakikalık süre içinde gerek tez konusu, gerekse tezin dayanağı olan anabilim dallarından jüri üyelerine sorulan sorulara verdiği cevaplar değerlendirilerek tezin...........................................olduğuna oy.........................ile karar verildi. BAŞKAN ÜYE ÜYE ii YÜKSEKÖĞRETİM KURULU DOKÜMANTASYON MERKEZİ TEZ/PROJE
    [Show full text]
  • Obesity in Mediterranean Islands
    Obesity in Mediterranean Islands Supervisor: Triantafyllos Pliakas Candidate number: 108693 Word count: 9700 Project length: Standard Submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc in Public Health (Health Promotion) September 2015 i CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background on Obesity ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 Negative Impact of Obesity ..................................................................................... 1 1.2.1 The Physical and Psychological ....................................................................... 1 1.2.2 Economic Burden ............................................................................................ 2 1.3 Obesity in Mediterranean Islands ............................................................................ 2 1.3.1 Obesity in Europe and the Mediterranean region ............................................. 2 1.3.2 Obesogenic Islands ......................................................................................... 3 1.4 Rationale ................................................................................................................ 3 2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................. 4 3 METHODS ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ground Deformation Modelling of the 2020 Mw6.9 Samos Earthquake (Greece) Based on Insar and GNSS Data
    remote sensing Article Ground Deformation Modelling of the 2020 Mw6.9 Samos Earthquake (Greece) Based on InSAR and GNSS Data Vassilis Sakkas Department of Geophysics-Geothermics, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece; [email protected]; Tel.: +30-2107274914 Abstract: Modelling of combined Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data was performed to characterize the source of the Mw6.9 earthquake that occurred to the north of Samos Island (Aegean Sea) on 30 October 2020. Pre-seismic analysis revealed an NNE–SSW extensional regime with normal faults along an E–W direction. Co- seismic analysis showed opening of the epicentral region with horizontal and vertical displacements of ~350 mm and ~90 mm, respectively. Line-of-sight (LOS) interferometric vectors were geodetically corrected using the GNSS data and decomposed into E–W and vertical displacement components. Compiled interferometric maps reveal that relatively large ground displacements had occurred in the western part of Samos but had attenuated towards the eastern and southern parts. Alternating motions occurred along and across the main geotectonic units of the island. The best-fit fault model has a two-segment listric fault plane (average slip 1.76 m) of normal type that lies adjacent to the northern coastline of Samos. This fault plane is 35 km long, extends to 15 km depth, and dips to the north at 60◦ and 40◦ angles for the upper and lower parts, respectively. A predominant dip-slip component and a substantial lateral one were modelled. Citation: Sakkas, V. Ground Keywords: 2020 Samos earthquake; SAR interferometry; GNSS; fault modelling; slip distribution Deformation Modelling of the 2020 Mw6.9 Samos Earthquake (Greece) Based on InSAR and GNSS Data.
    [Show full text]
  • With an English Translation
    THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, LX,.D. EDITED BY fT. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D. E. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. tW. H. D. ROUSE, litt.d. A. POST, M.A. E. H. WARMINGTON, m.a., f.r.hist.soc. LIVY XIII BOOKS XLIII—XLV m^( LIYY WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION IN FOURTEEN VOLUMES XIII BOOKS XLIII—XLV TRANSLATED BY ALFRED C. SCHLESINGER, Ph.D. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OP CLASSICS IN OBERLIN COLLEGE LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS MCMLI Printed in Great Britain V.I3 TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE A FULLER report of the text is given in this vohmie than in the immediately preceding volume. The attempt has been made to present all emendations subsequent to the editio pri?iceps ; but a few repeated misspellings of proper names and similarly obvious corrections are not reported. A few of the emenda- tions of the princeps have been included exempli gratia. The apparatus of Giarratano (Titi Livi Ah Urhe Condita Libri XLI-XLF, Rome, 1933) has been constantly consulted, but not always followed. The maps are intended to show the location of all places mentioned in the volume, if the location is known. Kiepert's Atlas Antiquus has been used in preparing these maps ; places not located by Kiepert have a question-mark following the name. Where the name is spelled by Kiepert in a way conspicuously different from the Livy text, the Kiepert spelling will be found in parentheses in the Index. The map of Rome is taken from O. Richter, Topograpkie der Stadt Rom, Miinchen, Beck, 1901 (Iwan MuUer, Handbuch, III, 3), by kind permission of the pub- lishers.
    [Show full text]
  • Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion
    CICERO ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION: DE NATURA DEORUM AND DE DIVINATIONE. A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by John Patrick Frederick Wynne January 2008 CICERO ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION: DE NATURA DEORUM AND DE DIVINATIONE. John Patrick Frederick Wynne, Ph. D. Cornell University, 2008 Cicero wrote de Natura Deorum (dND), de Divinatione (Div.) and de Fato (Fat.) in succession and describes the latter two as continuations of the first. I argue that the three dialogues form a trilogy, in which Cicero as author indicates a stance on the material he presents (but that too little of the fragmentary Fat. remains to be useful for my purposes). There are much-debated attributions of preferences to Cicero’s propriae personae at the conclusions of dND and Div.; I take these preferences to express Cicero’s authorial stance. I examine relevant parts of the speeches to which they react and, first, make philosophical interpretations of each (often comparing other sources for Hellenistic thought) and, second, pay attention to the interaction of Cicero’s characterization of each speaker with the arguments the speaker gives. I find that Balbus in dND advocates the avoidance of superstition and the reform of religious beliefs in line with Stoic physics and that Cotta has a strong commitment to traditional Roman religious views consistent with his sceptical epistemology. Cotta’s scepticism is elusive in its details but perhaps yields a kind of fideism. I find that Quintus Cicero’s advocacy in Div.
    [Show full text]
  • The Other Greeks: Metaphors and Ironies of Hellenism in Livy’S Fourth Decade
    THE OTHER GREEKS: METAPHORS AND IRONIES OF HELLENISM IN LIVY’S FOURTH DECADE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Douglas S. Freeble * * * * The Ohio State University 2004 Dissertation Committee: Professor Erik Gunderson, Adviser Approved by Professor Kirk Freudenburg, Co-Adviser ___________________________ Professor Sarah Iles Johnston Adviser Greek and Latin Graduate Program Copyright by Douglas Freeble 2004 ABSTRACT Already in the Praefatio of Livy’s work the metaphor of the importation of foreign influence is apparent. Livy chooses the annalistic narrative style as the most Roman form possible and a self -construction as an author who valorizes traditional Roman values. These authorial decisions on the modality of the narrative are intimately linked to tropology and the manufacturing of the metaphors and ironies that frame Livy’s text in books 31-45. Roman control in Thessaly is asserted by manufacturing communities in its image. These collapse miserably when the guiding Roman metaphors are questioned. The failure of Roman institutions is depicted as evidence of the restless nature of the Thessalians. A representative image of Thessaly is given in the character of Theoxena, a Thessalian exile who kills herself at a festival of Aeneas. Her story allows Romans to form an emotional bond with the Thessalians, although it maintains their essential alterity. The Galatian campaign of Manlius Vulso shows the dangers of Rome’s encounter with Hellenism. The Galatians are presented as Gallic-Greek hybrids who are no longer the great Gallic warriors of the past.
    [Show full text]