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Some Unique Niagaran Cephalopods Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science Volume 22 Annual Issue Article 38 1915 Some Unique Niagaran Cephalopods A. O. Thomas State University of Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©1915 Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias Recommended Citation Thomas, A. O. (1915) "Some Unique Niagaran Cephalopods," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 22(1), 292-300. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol22/iss1/38 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thomas: Some Unique Niagaran Cephalopods 292 IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE NIAG occupying the large sipli a fair more important : does the slender remna SOME UNIQUE NIAGARAN CEPHALOPODS. whose siphon is not knc A. 0. THOMAS. Fragments of these li Among the paleontological collections at the State University of the record left by i of Iowa are some unique cephalopod remains. It is the purpose the Niagaran seas of ea of this paper to call attention to a few of them and it is hoped the shell and a few of that at some later time the rich Niagaran fauna of which these siphuncle; more commrn are a part shall receive more extensive treatment. Such specimens show tl The specimens at hand consist chiefly of the siphuncles of and septa but several 01 several orthoceracone species. They are of the :immmuloidal type segments of the siphm and are usually strongly silicified. They occur at nearly all mains in Iowa has bee horizons in the Niagaran but most frequently in the Hopkinton in the Delaware county or Delaware stage. Specimens are never abundant. son county report. So The beautiful and rare pearly nautilus of our modern seas is article were doubtless 1 the nearest living relative of these extinct species. From our field work in the counti1 study of zoology it will be recalled that the coiled shell of the A paleogeographic m, nautilus is divided by transverse partitions (the septa) into garan epoch shows tha~ chambers. The septa are concave, their concave surfaces facing a part of a series 0£ di the opening· or aperture of the shell. The· animal lives in the Illinois then north alon1 body chamber, a cuplike cavity above the last-septum. An ex­ east again in the uppei tension of the body, known as the siphon, passes backward from north end of Lake Hur. the body chamber through perforations in the septa. In the The Niagaran outcroj modern nautilus the .perforation in the last sep,tum is but a species of these interei millimeter or two in diameter and becomes gradually smaller as known to scientists for it is traced back through earlier and earlier septa. On the con­ Dr.. John J. Bigsby read vex or posterior surface of each septum the shell substance is a paper entitled "Notes built out into a short tube around the siphonal perforation. Huron.''"· This paper, : T~is series of disconnected tubes is called the siphuncle. In the contains a description a modern nautilus each segment of it extends only about one­ shelled cephalopods fro1 third the distance across the air chamber into which it projects. the north end of the la] The Niagaran cephalopods which are here considered were siphuncles and it is not 1 straight-shelled tapering forms much as our coiled pearly nau­ led him to ,\iescribe the1 tilus would make were it possible to uncoil it into the form of general appearance a c a straight ·cone. Curved, loosely coiled, and even closely coiled Mr. Charles Stokes, a fel species were contemporaries of the straight-shelled ones but a to name the supposed few of the straight species only will be discussed in this paper. 1Iowa Geo!. Surv.; Vol. X, · 2Iowa Geo!. Slirv., Vol. X\ The slender discontinuous siphuncle of the pearly nautilus •see Chamberlin and Salis Charles Schuchert, "Paleogeo1 is but a vestige of the large continuous siphuncle of its extinct Plate 67. •Trans. Geo!. Soc. London, Niagaran ancestors. Moreover, it is quite likely that the siphon xxv, xxvi, xxviii, xxx. Published by UNI ScholarWorks, 1915 1 1--------- Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 22 [1915], No. 1, Art. 38 SCIENCE NIAGARAN CEPHALOPODS 293 occupying the large siphuncle of the Niagaran cephalopod played a_ fair more important function in -the life of the animal than OEPH.ALOPODS. does the slender remnant in the nautilus, the real function of whose siphon is not known with certainty. Fragments of these large siphuncles constitute the chief part 1s at the State University of the record left by the straight nautiloids which_ thrived in 3mains. It is the purpose the Niagaran seas of east-central Iowa. In rare cases a part of r of them and it is hoped the shell and a few of the septa have been preserved with the ran fauna of which these siphuncle; more commonly it is a cast of the shell that is found. Greatment. Such specimens show the relation of the siphuncle to the shell 1fly of the siphuncles of and septa but several of the species are known only from a few of the _nummuloidal type segments of _the siphuncle alone. The occurrence of such re­ 'hey occur at nearly all mains in Iowa has been noted! by Oalvin1 in the' Dubuque and 1uently in the Hopkinton in the Delaware county reports and also by Savage2 in the Jack­ er abundant. son county report: Some of the specimens described in this .us of our modern seas is _article were doubtless collected during the prosecution, of the tinct species. From our field work in the counties named. 1.t the coiled shell of the A paleogeographic map3 of North .America during the Nia­ titions (the septa) into garan epoch shows that the rocks of this age in Iowa are but ' concave surfaces facing a part of a series 0£ disconnected outcrops extending east into The animal lives: in the Illinois then north along the west shore of Lake Michigan then the last-septum. An ex­ east again in the upper peninsula of Michigan and across the n, passes backward from north end of Lake Huron into Ontario and on into New York. ts in the septa. In the The Niagaran outcrops just pointed out have yielded several te last sep.tum is but a species of these interesting cephalopods and they have been nes gradually smaller as known to scientists for nearly a century. .As early as 1823, rlier septa. On the con­ Dr._ John J. Bigsby read before the Geolo~cal Society of London Ill the shell substance is a paper entitled ''Notes on the Geography and Geology of Lake ie siphonal perforation. Huron.' '4 This paper, puhlished the following year at London, )d the siphuncle. In the contains a description and :figures of several species of straight­ xtends only about one­ shelled cephalopods from prummond and Thessalon islands in r into which it projects. the north end of the lake. Of one genus Bigsby had only the e here considered were siphuncles and it is not surprising that their actiniform lamellae 1 our coiled pearly nau- led him to •\iescribe them as sp.ecies of corals having ''in their 1coil it into the form of general appearance a considerable resemblance to vertehrae' '. and even closely coiled Mr. Charles Stokes, a fellow of the Geological Society, undertook light-shelled ones but a to name the supposed corals for Bigsby. He gave then the discussed in this paper. 1Iowa Geo!. Surv.,- Vol. X, p. 454, also Vol. VIII, pp. 152 and 158. of the pearly nautilus 2Iowa Geo!. Surv., Vol. XVI, p. 616. _ •see Chamberlin and Salisbury, "Introductory Geology," 1914, p. 390 or siphuncle of its, extinct Charles Schuchert, "Paleogeography of North America," Bull. G. S. A., 1910, Plate 67. ' ' e likely that the siphon •Trans. Geo!. Soc. London, second series, Vol. i, pt. ii, pp. 175-209, Plates xxv, xxvi, xxviii, xxx. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol22/iss1/38 2 Thomas: Some Unique Niagaran Cephalopods 294 IOWA .ACADEMY OF SCIENCE NI.A:G generic name, Huronia, and assigned specific names to the five Shell straight, gradu~ species which Bigsby had separated on "variations of external verse section. Surface form''. Stokes recognized the otl).er cephalopods in Bigsby 's not preserved in the ma paper as "Orthocerae", but no names were suggested. Siphuncle smooth, c1 It may be of interest at this point to recall that Drummond position, and round in 1 Island was formerly the site of a British garrison and fossil re­ down a short distance i mains were first collected there by a Mr. White of the Army the one next older; the Medical Staff. By the treaty of Ghent the island was ceded to tween this expanded to the United States and the British garrison was withdrawn. Dr. ab(:>Ve; the groove for it: Bigsby, an ardent Englishman, laments in· his paper, page 202, inward for a distance < that "as it will not be held as a military post by its present ment 's base. Fragme~ owners, it will be long, probably, ere its fossils again become the grooves are very thin. object of research.'' Fourteen years,· however, after the reading ments is more or less o: of Bigsby's paper, Stokes read an article before the same society phuncle ; the.
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