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Adobe Vernacular Housing Typological Analysis in Calimaya De Díaz Gonzalez, State of Mexico

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Adobe Vernacular Housing Typological Analysis in Calimaya De Díaz Gonzalez, State of Mexico The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLIV-M-1-2020, 2020 HERITAGE2020 (3DPast | RISK-Terra) International Conference, 9–12 September 2020, Valencia, Spain ADOBE VERNACULAR HOUSING TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS IN CALIMAYA DE DÍAZ GONZALEZ, STATE OF MEXICO D.S. Romero Olguín 1, L. F.Guerrero Baca 2, * 1 PhD program in Architecture, National Autonomous University of México, México city - [email protected] 2 Metropolitan Autonomous University- Xochimilco, México city - [email protected] Commission II - WG II/8 KEY WORDS: Typology, Construction techniques, Vernacular architecture, Calimaya ABSTRACT: Climate, topography, hydrology, and all the factors of the natural environment affecting a population, as well as accessibility to materials and its ease of transport have constituted the variables determining the vernacular housing characteristics. In the territory which now covers Calimaya various cultural groups settled, making evident the syncretism of various building traditions. Since its formation the place was a site of passage, which communicated various goods transport, generating a peculiar urban physiognomy and cultural exchange, leading to the introduction of buildings, typical of this place. The town’s current situation is characterized by a rapid process of urbanization and social transformation, generating new needs of usage and habitability. This growth transforms the architecture of the place, replacing it with buildings with physiognomic features that do not correspond to the original context, causing loss of local construction techniques. Assuming that typology is a theoretical and creative activity allowing the definition and structuring of a system of conceptual relations, within certain limits, in order to determine the representative elements of vernacular architecture of the site, a typological analysis is being carried out to identify local materials and buildings systems, its characteristics, and spatial shape. Likewise, a constructive and architectural analysis, identifying traditional building techniques, which will favour the development of solutions facing the problem of conservation, maintenance and sustainability in the locality, is being carried out. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Objectives This paper presents the methodology used for the creation of a typological framework representing the traditional architecture in The main objective of the typological analysis is to identify the the town of Calimaya de Diaz Gonzalez, State of Mexico, in outstanding features of the architectural elements within the order to generate working tools for maintaining and preserving dynamism of the environment. The results obtained allow the architectural heritage focusing on the traditional housing. creating alternative preventive measures for the protection and rehabilitation of traditional architecture. In addition, it facilitates Nowadays the development of cities has modified the original the formation of a conceptual and technical base of technological traces, and regarding Calimaya, cropping areas have been possibilities to integrate natural and cultural environment. transformed into paths for the removal of construction materials; the original job of constructions has been modified, leading to This methodology, applied to the rescue of the heritage, supports residential use reduction. These new needs for housing, the idea that buildings of various ages and styles have to live infrastructure, services and transport, have led to a conflict together in harmony without the predominance of some over between urban development and the defense of heritage for it has others, with the possibility of formal and functional solutions generated an evident alteration to the local architectural heritage. grouping them together for reuse. By identifying historical Vernacular or traditional architecture has been directly affected, development and deterioration –common to a region or a period being destroyed or modified to build new buildings with features of time–, the proposed solutions will have balanced levels of that do not correspond to the original context, altering the shape specificity and generality; that is, if we start with the premise that and community functionality. it is valid to group the problems by types, we can also propose types of solutions (Guerrero, 1998). Thus, the preservation and rescue of the heritage starts from the identification of the traits and techniques characterizing the 1.2 Methodology architecture, which can become the technical and conceptual The typology is constructed on the base of the recognition of the basis of both, its rehabilitation and integration alternatives to particularities of the locality, where various scales of assets are the natural and cultural environment. Changes always happen, involved to identify the distinctive features. The work begins but transformations can be controlled and planned without with the analysis on a larger scale –the general features of the jeopardizing the essential features. These qualities are those urban scale– and finishes with the observation in detail of giving character and personality to the community, committed particular features -the ornamental elements, or construction to the idea that the conservation makes sense only as an upgrade details. of the historical process (Guerrero, 1998). * Corresponding author This contribution has been peer-reviewed. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIV-M-1-2020-1005-2020 | © Authors 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. 1005 The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLIV-M-1-2020, 2020 HERITAGE2020 (3DPast | RISK-Terra) International Conference, 9–12 September 2020, Valencia, Spain During the study, the definition of types of streets, blocks, plots, houses, buildings with heritage value, as well as the description ABASOLO SOLO CJON. ABA N O V A P Y S O of the components characterizing them were included. To L K E Z R E O R A M J . U J A M E S O determine the grouping formal-spatial infrastructure and J JAVIER IBARRA O T I N E constructive concepts were selected and the following I 20 B L M methodology was used: LA JOYA 1 LA JOYA Z E Z 2. Manzana 16, plaza del palacio municipal Z L E E A de patrimonio media A L L Z Densidad de patrimonio muy alta Densidad de patrimonio alta O Z A A G O N Z Z L H G N O N N A A G O O D R I LA JOYA 19 Z G G A 18 17 H A Z Z Z I DE LA COLONIA A A D N I I E O D 7 D J D E E C D D O N O O PROL. ZARAGOZA A N N I L A A I IO I IGNAC ZARAGOZA I L 1. Visual tour of the place of study to establish a work L C I I S DE LA COLONIA I C C S S R I I P R R . P P V . I V V G R I I P R R P polygon determined by the presence of building heritage. PRISCILIANO DEP DIAZ GONZALEZ 15 6 16 14 4. Calle Hidalgo, Frente D 5. Manzana 8, calle Adolfo lopez Mateos. 6. Manzana 15, hidalgo esq. Zaragoza. Densidad de patrimonio media Densidad de patrimonio media PRISCILIADensidadNO DE deDIA patrimonioZ GONZA bajaLEZ The working area –where there are a greater number of 2 3 O F L E O U R E G I R M R E S U E G 13 R heritage places– was identified. From these data collection . R A O D T C 12 S A L . S N E O R G R the historic center, with the north-south axis, which cuts E O RO R VICENTE GUERRERO VICENTE GUERRE T E B S O A O L R A V 7. Calle Hidalgo, Frente H L 9. Manzana 10, sobre calle Adolfo lopez Mateos A 11 Densidad de patrimonio media Densidad de patrimonio media across the location, was selected. It was noted that in the Densidad de patrimonio baja A D 10 N A O Z V P L A A P C . V Y I R outskirts of the selected perimeter the traditional P OS ADOLFO LOPEZ MATE 9 ADOLFO LOPEZ MATEOS 5 8 ALVARO OBREGON S S E O T L N architecture has been altered irreversibly. E A I 7 8 R 9 D O U M T S E JUAN JUAN ALDAMA JUAN ALDAMA D ALDAMA 4 Z E A I R N R / N A / A S N U 2. Definition of boundaries. The selected study area – S / J U 6 M 5 S downtown area– has been separated in two neighborhoods, INDEPENDENCIA INDEPENDENCIA INDEPENDENCIA N / S N O / T S E I S N V O E 4 these zones have been differentiated in four areas as 3 J B 11 DA LERDO DE TEJADA LERDO DE TEJA 12 10. Calle Allende, Manzana 1 11. Calle Hidalgo, Frente Z 12. Manzana 3, calle Hidalgo follows by working methodology: San Pedro-San Pablo Densidad de patrimonio media Densidad de parimonio bajo Densidad de patrimonio media 1 Quarter East, San Pedro-San Pablo Quarter West and San 2 W 10 IGNACIO ALLENDE Juan Quarter East, San Juan Quarter West. C IGNACIO ALLENDE S/N Y DE MORELOS SUR X 10 m 50 m 100 m 3. Identification of valuable buildings and/or architectural Z Z elements. When performing urban research within registry B E R A U J maps, the presence of formal-functional features and 16 DE SEPTIEMBRE O T I N A E historical materials in real estate were seen. This B systematized information has allowed the preparation of Figure 1. Heritage density level. (Source: own elaboration). planimetry identifying the density of heritage for every area of the locality; this has made possible to perform an 2. CALIMAYA DE DÍAZ GONZÁLEZPLANOS DIAGNOSTICO: N assessment of the selected area (Figure 1). ESCUELA NACIONAL DE CONSERVACIN RESTAURACI N y 0 A 20% Tutor: Escala: Fecha: MUSEOGRAFA Guerrero Baca Luis Fernando N MANUEL DEL CASTILLO NEGRETE 1:2000 Marzo 2013 20 A 40% No.
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