Recommended Plant Materials

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This list provides guidance and information on recommended plant materials that are compatible with the landscape standards in the City of High Point Development Ordinance, and it is also intended to help educate the public about the appropriate types of trees and shrubs to plant in the community.

City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017 by City of High Point Planning & Development Dept.

City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials

Introduction - How to use this list Native Native vegetation is marked with a ‘Yes’ in this column. While a community’s urban forest should have a The purpose of this list is for it to be used in conjunction with the landscape requirements found in Section healthy mix of native vegetation, there are non-native plants that are also acceptable. All plant materials 5.5 – Landscaping of the City of High Point Development Ordinance. It is also designed for general use by on this list are either native species or species that are adapted to local conditions. As mentioned the public to help educate about the appropriate types of trees to plant in the community. It should be previously, others may be approved by the Planning & Development Department Director per Section noted, although the species on this list were compiled from a variety of reputable sources (listed at the 5.5.6.D. of the City of High Point Development Ordinance. end of this introduction), these are only recommendations, and there may be other plant materials that might be considered acceptable. If there is a particular species of tree or shrub not listed that you would Height and Width like to plant to meet the City’s landscaping requirements, contact the Planning & Development Each entry on the list has a typical height and width in feet, and also a range of height and width. The Department to determine whether it can be approved. typical height and width is the most common size of the species and is taken primarily from a plant list compiled by North Carolina State University in conjunction with the NC Cooperative Extension agency. The list is divided into the following categories: However, other sources often report a wider range of potential heights and widths for a species, so this • Canopy Trees = a height of at least 40 feet at maturity; information is provided in the height and width range columns. • Understory Trees = a height of between 25 and 40 feet at maturity; • Shrubs: Drought Tolerant o Large = a height between 10 and 20 feet at maturity; Species that can tolerate prolonged periods of dry weather are noted in this column. Not only does this o Medium = a height between 5 and 10 feet at maturity; help conserve the city’s water resources, because these species do not require constant watering, but it o Small = a height less than 5 feet at maturity; also means they have a higher likelihood of surviving. That is why there is an incentive in the landscaping • Groundcovers = a height of only a few feet that can be used as an alternative to grasses; and regulations allowing for a reduction in the minimum caliper size at planting for drought tolerant • Vines = species with a spreading growth pattern that can be used on the ground, walls, or trellises. understory trees.

Here is a brief explanation of each column on the list: Use as Screen This column identifies species that are best used to provide screening. It primarily includes evergreen Scientific and Common Name trees and shrubs, but there are certain dense-growing deciduous plants that can also be used. Each category in this list is alphabetized using commonly accepted scientific names, which identifies the plants by genus and species. The advantage to organizing the list this way is that it groups similar types of Street Tree plants together (for example, the maples – genus ‘acer’ – are listed together, the oaks – genus ‘quercus’ – This column identifies species that have been identified in research as being suitable for planting as street are listed together, etc.). However, each entry also lists the common name. If you are looking for a trees. Traits that help trees survive in typically confined street tree planting spaces include deeper particular type of tree and do not know its scientific name, you can right click on the document and choose growing, non-aggressive root systems that do not produce large surface roots, and the ability to deal with the “Find” function (or Ctrl+F) and then search by the common name. air pollution, heat stress, and poor/compacted soils.

Deciduous or Evergreen Parking Areas This column refers to whether the plant is deciduous, meaning it drops its leaves in the fall, or evergreen, Species that are identified in research as being good for planting within parking areas are noted with a meaning it retains its leaves year-round. While this distinction would seem fairly obvious, sometimes it ‘Yes’, while those that are not recommended have a ‘No’ in this column. A blank space means a species may not always be as clear cut as you might think. Some trees and shrubs are considered semi-evergreen was not mentioned as being specifically good or bad for planting in parking lots and other paved areas. and sometimes lose all their leaves and sometimes do not, usually depending on the weather conditions Like with those noted as possible street trees, recommended species typically have deep root systems and during the season. Known examples of these are identified in the notes column. can tolerate difficult site conditions, while those not recommended tend to have large surface roots.

November 2017 City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials

Within 20 feet of Overhead Utilities Known Invasive Species: A major challenge when maintaining trees in an urban setting is preventing their limbs from conflicting • Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) with overhead utilities, especially electric lines. This column indicates trees that would be appropriate to • Royal paulownia/Princess tree (Paulownia tomentosa) plant within 20 feet of overhead utility lines, because they typically do not exceed 20 feet in height. • Mimosa/Silk tree (Albizia julibrissin) However, since the height of utility lines vary considerably, each site should be examined carefully before • Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) deciding what and where to plant. • Goldenraintree (Koelreuteria paniculate) • European mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia) In addition to potential overhead utility conflicts, roots can also impact underground utilities, such as • Thorny Elaeagnus (Elaeagnus pungens) water/sewer lines. Although there is not a separate column on the list for this, only vegetation with • Amur Privet (Ligustrum amurense) shallow root systems should be planted near below ground utilities, but never closer than 3 feet. Colonial • Leatherleaf Mahonia (Mahonia bealei) Pipeline, which maintains easements along major gas pipelines in the area, has information about limiting • Nandina (Nandina domestica) the impacts of trees and shrubs on pipeline safety. • Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii)

• Virginia Sweetspire (Itea virginica) Shape/Form/Branching Pattern • Japanese Spirea (Spiraea japonica) This column is intended to give an idea about a tree or shrub’s general physical characteristics. Not every • Large Periwinkle (Vinca major) species includes information about each characteristic (for example, not all of them have a branching • Common Periwinkle (Vinca minor) pattern worth noting), but collectively it gives an overall sense of what it will look like. This may also be • English Ivy (Hedera helix) important when deciding whether a species will fit in a particular space. • Hall's Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica 'Halliana') Notes • Japanese Wisteria (Wisteria floribunda) The last column includes any relevant notes about the species. Most importantly, you may see a • Chinese Wisteria (Wisteria sinensis)

***CAUTION*** notice, which indicates that the species should not be planted, or at best, should only be Sources/Further References: planted after very careful consideration. Sometimes this indicates that the species is considered “invasive” • N.C. State/A&T University/N.C. Cooperative Extension - Plant List (Trees) which means it is not native to the ecosystem and has the potential to spread aggressively and cause • Virginia Tech Dept. of Forest Resources & Environmental Conservation - Dendrology Factsheets environmental harm. These definitely should not be planted, but are on the list to draw attention to them, • University of Florida IFAS Extension EDIS Publication System - Southern Trees Fact Sheets because they are still commonly planted due to their popularity. A list of known invasive species is • Missouri Botanical Garden - Plant Finder provided on the next page, and can also be found on the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National • U.S. Dept. of Agriculture National Resources Conservation Service - Fact Sheets & Plant Guides Invasive Species Information Center website. • Arbor Day Foundation - The Tree Guide

• Alternatively, the notes column may say a species “can escape cultivation,” which means it may grow Town of Wake Forest Official Planting List beyond the area intended for planting if left unchecked, but not necessarily cause harm to surrounding • Athens (GA)-Clarke County Tree Species List plants. Cautions also include if the species is susceptible to pest or disease, has poor branch structure or • Audubon NC Native Plants for Birds - Piedmont weak wood, tends to be overplanted, can be messy, or some combination of these or other factors. • Urban Tree Foundation - Street Tree List • N.C. Forest Service - Recommended Street Trees for North Carolina Otherwise, the notes include helpful information, such as popular cultivars, rate of growth, depth of the • N.C. Urban Forest Council - NC Urban Tree Search root system, whether it produces edible (or toxic) fruit, and attractive features like distinctive bark, • N.C. Cooperative Extension - Urban Trees for Use Under Utility Lines flowers, or colorful fall foliage. It also references whether the tree is listed on the NC Audubon Society’s • Virginia Cooperative Extension - Trees for Parking Lots and Paved Areas Native Plants for Birds - Piedmont. • USDA National Invasive Species Information Center - Plants

For more information, see the City of High Point’s Guidelines and Standard Practices for Trees November 2017 Canopy Trees: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Japanese Pyramidal; Open; Smaller cultivars available; sometimes considered an Abies firma (Momi) fir Evergreen No 40-70 20-70 40 10-40 Yes Yes No No Horizontal understory tree; resistant to root rot; aromatic Acer barbatum Southern sugar Subspecies of sugar maple, but more heat tolerant; (floridanum) or Florida maple Deciduous Yes 40-50 20-70 20-25 20-60 Yes No No No Oval/Rounded shallow root system; on Audubon list Rounded; Irregular Usually considered an undesirable tree; weak, brittle Acer negundo Boxelder Deciduous Yes 30-50 30-75 20-40 20-50 Yes No No No crown wood; short life span; susceptible to Boxelder bugs ***CAUTION*** Acer Rounded; Dense; Can escape cultivation; susceptible to pest; shallow root platanoides Norway maple Deciduous No 40-90 40-90 30-45 30-50 No No No No No Spreading system; tolerant of urban conditions Pyramidal; Overplanted; popular cultivars include 'Armstrong', Irregular; Rounded 'Bowhall', 'Autumn Blaze'; 'Red Sunset' & 'October Acer rubrum Red maple Deciduous Yes 40-60 40-90 25-45 15-50 No No Yes No No with age Glory'; on Audubon list Oval/Rounded; Fast-growing; shallow, aggressive root system; brittle Acer Upright; Open; wood and weak branches; susceptible to pest/disease; saccharinum Silver maple Deciduous Yes 50-70 50-100 40-60 30-75 No No No No No Spreading leaves have silvery underside Many cultivars available; roots need space; tolerates Acer saccharum Sugar maple Deciduous Yes 50-75 50-80 30-45 25-60 No No No No Rounded; Dense shade; excellent yellow/orange/red fall foliage Acer x Oval; Columnar; Hybrid between red and silver maple; popular street freemanii Freeman maple Deciduous No 40-80 40-80 20-40 20-40 No No Yes No Pyramidal tree Aesculus flava Yellow buckeye Oval; Dense; Good shade tree; can be messy due to leaf/flower/nut (octandra) (horsechestnut) Deciduous Yes 50-70 50-90 30-40 25-50 No No No No Spreading litter; seeds highly toxic if eaten Aesculus Common Can be messy due to leaf/fruit litter; fruit has prickly hippocastanum horsechestnut Deciduous No 50-75 50-80 50-60 35-70 No No No No Rounded; Upright husk; seeds highly toxic if eaten Pyramidal to Hybrid between common horsechestnut and red Aesculus x Red rounded with age; buckeye; good shade tree; can be messy due to carnea horsechestnut Deciduous No 20-50 20-50 30-45 30-45 No No Yes No Dense leaf/fruit litter; fruit has prickly husk that is poisonous ***CAUTION*** Ailanthus Irregular; Open; Known invasive; weedy and will grow almost anywhere; altissima Tree of heaven Deciduous No 40-60 40-60 15-30 35-50 No No No No Upright broken stems produce odor Pyramidal to ***CAUTION*** European black rounded with age; Can escape cultivation; tolerates flooding and has Alnus glutinosa (common) alder Deciduous No 40-60 30-70 20-40 20-40 No Yes No No Multi-stemmed naturalized along streams; forms thickets Pyramidal; Open; Usually multi-trunked; heat tolerant; prefers moist soils; Betula nigra River birch Deciduous Yes 40-70 40-90 40-60 15-60 No No Yes No No Upright produces sap in spring; attractive exfoliating bark Calocedrus Conical; Upright; Native to western U.S.; needles have incense-like aroma; decurrens Incensecedar Evergreen Yes 30-70 30-100 10-20 5-20 Yes No No No Spreading exfoliating red to gray bark Carpinus European Pyramidal to ‘Fastigiata' cultivar is good street tree because more betulus hornbeam Deciduous No 40-60 40-60 30-40 30-50 Yes No Yes Yes No rounded with age columnar Carya Oval; Irregular; Nut is bitter, inedible and can create litter; prefers moist cordiformis Bitternut hickory Deciduous Yes 50-70 50-100 30-75 30-75 No No No No Ascending soils; needs space to grow; strong wood Canopy Trees: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Oval/Rounded; Good shade tree; nut is bitter, inedible and can create Carya glabra Pignut hickory Deciduous Yes 50-60 50-120 25-35 25-75 Yes No No No Open; Irregular litter; prefers moist soils; needs space to grow Carya Oval; Upright; Known for edible nuts; brittle branches; many cultivars illinoinensis Pecan Deciduous Yes 70-100 50-100 40-75 30-75 Yes No No No Spreading available, usually for nut production Shellbark Oval; Upright; Slow-growing; long-lived; prefers moist soils; hard, Carya lacinoisa hickory Deciduous Yes 50-100 50-100 40-60 40-60 No No No No Narrow crown heavy wood; exfoliating bark with age Shagbark Oval; Upright; Best in natural areas; edible nuts; distinctive exfoliating Carya ovata hickory Deciduous Yes 70-90 50-100 30-40 20-75 No No No No Open; Irregular bark Carya Mockernut Rounded; Upright; Best in natural areas; prefers moist soils; does not do tomentosa hickory Deciduous Yes 50-60 50-100 20-75 20-75 No No No No Narrow crown well in shade; good yellow fall foliage Rounded; ***CAUTION*** Castanea Chinese Symmetrical; Low- Can escape cultivation; replacement for American mollissima chestnut Deciduous No 35-40 40-60 40-50 40-60 Yes No No No branching chestnut; nut in spiny casing is edible Rounded; Catalpa Southern Irregular; Long-lived; characterized by crooked branches and large bignonioides catalpa Deciduous Yes 25-50 25-50 20-40 20-40 No No No No Spreading leaves; caterpillars can defoliate but will releaf Rounded; Open; Catalpa (Northern) Irregular; Brittle wood; prefers moist soils and will tolerate some speciosa catalpa Deciduous Yes 40-70 40-80 20-40 20-50 Yes No No No Spreading flooding; long, bean-like fruit; blackish fall foliage Pyramidal; Open Cultivars include blue and weeping varieties; good Cedrus atlantica Atlas cedar Evergreen No 40-60 40-60 30-40 25-50 Yes No No No Spreading specimen tree; becomes flat-topped with age Pyramidal; Broad- Cultivars include weeping varieties; most heat tolerant spreading; of cedars; good specimen tree; needs space to grow; Cedrus deodara Deodar cedar Evergreen No 30-50 30-100 30-40 20-100 Yes Yes No No Hanging branches becomes flat-topped with age Cedar of Pyramidal; Not tolerant of pollution or shade; slow-growing; most Cedrus libani Lebanon Evergreen No 40-60 40-80 30-50 20-60 Yes No No No Spreading cold hardy of cedars; forms massive trunk Southern (or Rounded; Vase- Fast growing; warty bark; bright yellow fall color; Celtis laevigata sugar) hackberry Deciduous Yes 60-80 40-80 60-80 40-80 Yes No Yes No No shaped; Spreading susceptible to disease Celtis Common Rounded; Vase- Fast growing; warty bark; fruit can temporarily stain occidentalis hackberry Deciduous Yes 40-90 40-90 35-60 35-60 Yes No Yes No No shaped; Spreading sidewalks; susceptible to disease Cercidiphyllum Pyramidal; Dense; Has male and female plants; very little tolerance for japonicum Katsuratree Deciduous No 40-60 40-60 20-40 20-60 No No Yes Yes No Arching branches drought; rough, furrowed bark; good fall color Chamaecyparis Hinoki Pyramidal; Broad; Many cultivars available; smaller ones often considered obtusa falsecypress Evergreen No 50-75 50-75 10-20 10-20 No Yes No No Spreading shrubs; reddish-brown exfoliating bark with age Japanese Many cultivars available; smaller ones often considered Chamaecyparis (Sawara) Pyramidal; Open shrubs; prefers partial shade; reddish-brown exfoliating pisifera falsecypress Evergreen No 50-70 50-70 10-20 10-20 No Yes No No with age bark with age Chamaecyparis Atlantic white Columnar; Dense; Many smaller cultivars considered shrubs; grows in thyoides (swamp) cedar Evergreen Yes 40-50 20-50 10-20 5-40 No Yes No No Irregular swamps/wetlands in wild; loses lower branches with age Cladrastis American Rounded; Vase- Deep root system; nearly pest free; good tree for kentuckea yellowwood Deciduous Yes 30-50 30-50 40-55 40-55 Yes No No No shaped; Spreading making honey; notable orange to yellow fall foliage Canopy Trees: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Upright; Spreading; Low- Withstands urban conditions; attracts birds; fragrant Cladrastis lutea Yellowwood Deciduous Yes 30-45 30-50 40-45 40-50 No No No No branching white flower panicles in early summer Cryptomeria Pyramidal; Open; Many cultivars available; smaller ones often considered japonica Japanese cedar Evergreen No 50-60 40-60 25-30 15-35 Yes Yes No No Hanging branches shrubs; national tree of Japan Cunninghamia Common China Pyramidal; Open Strong, heavy trunk; attractive peeling reddish bark; lanceolata fir Evergreen No 30-75 30-75 20-30 10-30 Yes Yes No No with age; Irregular inside tends to "brown" with age Cupressocyparis Pyramidal; Dense; ***CAUTION*** leylandii Leyland cypress Evergreen No 60-90 50-90 12-15 10-30 No Yes No No Upright Susceptible to disease; fast growing; used for screening Cupressus Silvery blue color; susceptible to cankers; thins in shade; arizonica Arizona cypress Evergreen No 30-40 30-60 15-20 10-30 Yes Yes No No Pyramidal; Upright good for windbreaks Diospyros Common Pyramidal to oval Historically important to High Point because its wood virginiana persimmon Deciduous Yes 30-60 30-80 20-35 15-60 Yes No No No with age; Upright was used in spindles of textile factories; fruit is edible Rounded; Upright; Adaptable tree, but does not do well in wet soils; good Eucommia Hardy rubber Spreading; Low- shade tree; resistant to insect and disease problems; sap ulmoides tree Deciduous No 40-60 40-60 40-60 25-60 Yes No No No branching can be used to make rubber Fagus Oval; Upright; Shallow roots; good shade tree; forms thickets via grandifolia American beech Deciduous Yes 50-80 50-100 40-60 40-80 No No No No No Dense; Spreading suckering roots; ripened nuts are edible Pyramidal to Oval Many cultivars available, including upright 'fastigiata' with age; Dense; which can be a good street tree; dislikes heat; ripened Fagus sylvatica European beech Deciduous No 50-60 50-100 35-45 35-70 No Yes No No No Low spreading nuts are edible Pyramidal to ***CAUTION*** Fraxinus rounded with age; Susceptible to Emerald Ash Borer; tolerates adverse americana White ash Deciduous Yes 60-80 50-100 50-70 30-70 No No Yes No Upright conditions; can be messy due to seeds ***CAUTION*** Fraxinus Irregular; Upright; Susceptible to Emerald Ash Borer; fast-growing; does pennsylvanica Green ash Deciduous Yes 50-60 50-100 25-30 25-50 Yes No Yes Yes No Spreading well in variety of conditions; can be messy due to seeds Pyramidal; Only plant males due to odor of fruit on female plants; Irregular; Denser slow growing and long lived; upright cultivars are better Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo Deciduous No 40-70 40-80 20-40 20-60 Yes No Yes Yes No with age as street trees; leaves have medicinal properties Vase-shaped to ***CAUTION*** Gleditsia oval; Open; Susceptible to several diseases/pests; has fine leaves; triacanthos var. Thornless Irregular; many cultivars available, but only thornless varieties inermis honeylocust Deciduous Yes 30-70 30-80 30-40 25-70 Yes No Yes Yes No Spreading should be used Use males to avoid seed pods; somewhat brittle wood; Gymnocladus Kentucky Oval; Upright; seeds can be roasted and ground as caffeine-free dioicus coffeetree Deciduous Yes 60-75 60-100 40-50 40-60 Yes No No No Open; Irregular substitute for coffee, but pulp between seeds is toxic Dislikes heat and humidity; many cultivars available and smaller ones often considered shrubs; needs both male Ilex aquifolium English Holly Evergreen No 15-50' 8-50' 15' 8-15' No Yes No No Pyramidal; Dense and female plants to produce berries Pyramidal; Open Many cultivars available; needs both male and female Ilex opaca American holly Evergreen Yes 30-60 15-70 18-35 15-40 Yes Yes No No with age; Irregular plants to produce berries Canopy Trees: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Rounded; Open; Usually found in the wild, not planted, but becoming Juglans cinerea Butternut Deciduous Yes 40-60 40-60 30-50 30-60 No No No No Spreading rare due to canker disease; typically has a forked trunk ***CAUTION*** Susceptible to Thousand Cankers Disease; typically has Rounded; Open; massive branches; considered very valuable for its wood Juglans nigra Black walnut Deciduous Yes 50-70 50-100 50-70 40-80 Yes No No No Spreading and nuts Spiny fruit are often considered a nuisance; Liquidambar Pyramidal; 'Rotundiloba' cultivar is fruitless, slightly smaller and styraciflua Sweetgum Deciduous Yes 60-100 60-100 50-75 35-75 No No Yes No No Upright; Spreading best for street trees Tall, straight trunk with rounded crown; soft, brittle Liriodendron Tulip (yellow) Pyramidal to oval; wood makes it susceptible to storm damage; tulip-like tulipifera poplar Deciduous Yes 40-150 40-150 20-40 20-60 No No Yes No Upright; Narrow flower in spring; beautiful yellow fall foliage Pyramidal to Lower branches can be pruned; seeds attract birds; fruit Magnolia Cucumbertree rounded; Dense; resembles a cucumber; unlike most magnolias, has acuminata magnolia Deciduous Yes 50-100 40-100 50-80 20-80 No Yes No No Low-spreading respectable gold fall foliage Pyramidal to oval Shallow roots; large, saucer-like flowers are fragrant; Magnolia Southern with age; Dense; many cultivars available, including smaller ones, such as grandiflora magnolia Evergreen Yes 40-80 40-90 30-40 25-50 Yes No No No No Low-spreading 'Little Gem' Rounded; Upright; Magnolia Sweetbay Multi-stemmed; Semi-evergreen; shallow roots; leaves and flowers are virginiana magnolia Evergreen Yes 10-60' 10-60' 10-20' 10-40' No No No Yes No Spreading pleasantly fragrant; native to wet, coastal areas Pyramidal with Metasequoia straight trunk; Appears evergreen but sheds needles; reddish brown glyptostroboides Dawn redwood Deciduous No 50-90 50-100 15-25 15-30 No Yes No No Spreading bark; large, buttress-like root flares; fast-growing ***CAUTION*** Rounded; Can escape cultivation; fast-growing; messy fruit, but Morus alba White mulberry Deciduous No 20-50 20-50 25-45 25-50 Yes No No No Spreading fruitless cultivars available Rounded; Upright; Prefers moist soils and full sun; messy fruit; leaves are Morus rubra Red mulberry Deciduous Yes 35-70 35-70 20-50 20-50 Yes No No No Spreading variable with some having lobes and others not Pyramidal to Ogeechee rounded/oval with Deep tap root; can grow in swampy sites; lime-like fruit Nyssa ogeche tupelo Deciduous Yes 30-50 30-65 20-30 25-35 Yes No No No age; Dense on female trees is edible, but can be messy Some branches right-angled; deep tap root; prefers Black gum Pyramidal to oval moist soil but is very adaptable; brilliant red fall foliage; Nyssa sylvatica (tupelo) Deciduous Yes 40-60 30-100 20-30 20-30 Yes No Yes No with age; Open on Audubon list ***CAUTION*** Paulownia Royal paulownia Upright; Irregular; Known invasive; very large leaves; brittle wood; messy; tomentosa (Princess tree) Deciduous No 30-50 30-60 20-30 20-60 No No No No Spreading profuse spring bloom of flowers Phellodendron Rounded; Open; Shallow, wide-spreading root system; bark becomes amurense Amur corktree Deciduous No 30-45 30-45 35-40 30-60 Yes No Yes No Spreading furrowed with age Canopy Trees: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Pyramidal; ***CAUTION*** Straight trunk; Can escape cultivation; many cultivars available; shallow Picea abies Norway spruce Evergreen No 40-60 40-100 25-30 25-40 No Yes No No Hanging branches root system; not heat tolerant Pyramidal; Dense; Ascending Can withstand wind and cold making it a good Picea glauca White spruce Evergreen No 40-60 40-90 10-20 10-30 Yes Yes No No branches windbreak; not heat tolerant; blue-green needles Pyramidal to rounded; Multi- Canopy flattens with age; sometimes considered an stemmed; Low- understory tree; slow growing; attractive exfoliating Pinus bungeana Lacebark pine Evergreen No 30-50 30-50 20-35 10-35 No Yes No No branching bark, but takes approximately 10 years for it to develop Reddish-orange peeling bark; twisted, crooked trunk Japanese red Oval; Irregular; with horizontal branches gives appearance of being Pinus densiflora pine Evergreen No 40-60 30-80 40-60 30-60 No No No No Low-spreading "windswept" Pyramidal; Open; Small crown; deep tap root; fast-growing; attractive Horizontal reddish-brown bark and dark blue-green needles; on Pinus echinata Shortleaf pine Evergreen Yes 80-100 50-100 30 20-40 No No No No branches Audubon list Pyramidal; Oval Heavy branches; long needles; tolerant of a range of soil Pinus elliotii Slash pine Evergreen Yes 60-80 60-100 25-30 20-50 Yes No No No crown types, including damp soil; fast-growing New branches are very flexible; canopy flattens with Pinus flexilis Limber pine Evergreen Yes 30-60 30-60 15-35 15-35 No Yes No No Pyramidal; Dense age; long-lived Pinus Pyramidal; Dense; Prefers dry, rocky soil; does not do well in heat and heldreichii Bosnian pine Evergreen No 70-90 40-90 10-25 10-40 No Yes No No Upright humidity; ascending branches Pyramidal to oval; ***CAUTION*** Dense; Low- Can escape cultivation; many cultivars available; canopy Pinus nigra Austrian pine Evergreen No 30-60 30-100 20-40 20-40 Yes Yes No No spreading flattens with age Tall trunk; Round State tree of North Carolina; stays in grass-like stage for Pinus palustris Longleaf pine Evergreen Yes 80-100 40-125 30-40 20-40 Yes No No No crown; Open first five years; very long needles Pyramidal; Open; Prefers moist well-drained soils, but will tolerate a Pinus rigida Pitch pine Evergreen Yes 40-60 40-80 30-50 30-50 No No No No Irregular variety of soils; long, rigid needles in bundles of three Pyramidal; Eastern white Spreading with Wide-spreading root system; forms layers of horizontal Pinus strobus pine Evergreen Yes 50-80 50-90 20-40 20-40 No Yes No No age branches; does not tolerate air pollution or high winds Pyramidal; ***CAUTION*** Irregular; Can escape cultivation; susceptible to disease; loses Pinus sylvestris Scotch pine Evergreen No 30-70 30-90 20-35 30-40 Yes Yes No No Spreading lower branches with age; many cultivars available Pyramidal to oval Loses lower branches with age; good in clay soil; 'Nana' Pinus taeda Loblolly pine Evergreen No 50-90 50-100 30-40 20-50 Yes Yes No No with age cultivar is smaller, rounded and used for screening Pyramidal; Dense; Often asymmetrical with hanging branches; smaller Pinus Japanese black Irregular; cultivars available; sometimes considered an understory thunbergiana pine Evergreen No 50-70 20-80 25 12-35 Yes Yes No No Spreading tree; very tolerant of salt Canopy Trees: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Rounded; Open Massive; distinctive mottled white and grey peeling Platanus Irregular; bark; usually grows near rivers and streams; can be occidentalis Sycamore Deciduous Yes 70-100 70-100 60-80 50-100 Yes No Yes No No Spreading messy Rounded; Large branches; distinctive mottled white and grey Platanus x London Spreading with peeling bark; 'Liberty' and 'Colombia' cultivars less acerifolia planetree Deciduous No 75-100 60-100 60-75 50-80 Yes No Yes No No age susceptible to disease; can be messy ***CAUTION*** Oval; Open; Can escape cultivation; susceptible to disease; brittle Populus alba White poplar Deciduous No 40-100 40-100 20-65 20-65 Yes No No No Irregular wood; fast-growing, but short-lived; striking white bark ***CAUTION*** Pyramidal to vase Short-lived; brittle wood; messy tree; flower is a cottony Populus Eastern shaped with age; mass; becomes ragged with age; typically found near deltoides cottonwood Deciduous Yes 75-100 50-100 50-75 20-75 Yes No No No Open; Irregular rivers and streams Good shade tree; pink spring flowers; small, red fruit popular with birds; colorful foliage in early fall; Rounded; Upright; attractive reddish-brown bark; sometimes considered an Prunus sargentii Sargent cherry Deciduous No 20-40 20-60 20-40 20-50 Yes Yes Yes No Spreading understory tree Pyramidal to oval Susceptible to tent caterpillars; messy tree; leaves and with age; Hanging stems toxic; wood is prized for furniture; on Audubon Prunus serotina Black cherry Deciduous Yes 50-80 50-90 15-50 15-50 Yes No No No branches list ***CAUTION*** Can escape cultivation; poor branch structure; many Pyrus cultivars available; 'Bradford' cultivar overplanted; calleryana Callery pear Deciduous No 20-40 30-60 20-30 15-40 Yes No Yes No Conical; Upright sometimes considered an understory tree ***CAUTION*** Pyramidal to Can escape cultivation; semi-evergreen; leaves have Quercus rounded with age; small bristles around edge; can lift sidewalks if not given acutissima Sawtooth oak Deciduous No 30-45 30-70 30-40 30-60 Yes No Yes Yes No Dense; Spreading enough space Pyramidal to rounded with age; Massive branches; thick trunk; strong wood; slow- Quercus alba White oak Deciduous Yes 60-100 50-100 50-90 30-95 Yes No Yes No Upright; Spreading growing but long-lived; needs space; on Audubon list Pyramidal to Swamp white rounded with age; Short trunk; casts dense shade; long-lived; typically Quercus bicolor oak Deciduous Yes 50-60 50-90 50-60 30-70 Yes No Yes No Open; Irregular found near streams and lakes or at the edge of swamps Semi-evergreen; fast-growing; less tolerant of adverse Quercus Rounded; Open; conditions than other oaks; can lift sidewalks if not given coccinea Scarlet oak Deciduous Yes 50-80 50-80 40-50 30-60 Yes No Yes Yes No Spreading enough space; red fall foliage Southern red Rounded; Open; Semi-evergreen; tolerates poor soils; typically requires Quercus falcata oak Deciduous Yes 70-90 60-100 30-70 30-70 Yes No Yes No Irregular little maintenance Pyramidal to Quercus Laurel rounded with age; Semi-evergreen; fast-growing but relatively short-lived hemisphaerica (Darlington) oak Deciduous Yes 40-60 40-90 30-40 30-60 Yes No Yes No Dense; Upright oak; sometimes combined with Quercus laurifolia Canopy Trees: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Pyramidal to rounded with age; Quercus Upright; Hanging Semi-evergreen; broad, strong branches; lower branches imbricaria Shingle oak Deciduous Yes 50-60 40-60 50-60 40-60 Yes No Yes No lower branches can almost touch the ground; good shade tree Swamp laurel Semi-evergreen; fast-growing; good shade tree; tolerant Quercus (diamond leaf) of wet sites; sometimes combined with Quercus laurifolia oak Deciduous Yes 40-70 40-70 30-60 30-60 No No No No Oval; Dense hemisphaerica Pyramidal to oval/ rounded with age; Semi-evergreen; sometimes twisted trunk; generally Open; Lower uniform branching; slow-growing; attractive rough, Quercus lyrata Overcup oak Deciduous Yes 35-45 30-70 35-40 30-50 No No Yes Yes No branches upswept reddish grey/brown bark Semi-evergreen; massive trunk with stout branches; Quercus Pyramidal; Broad; unusual light brown/grey bark that furrows with age; macrocarpa Bur oak Deciduous Yes 70-80 70-100 70-80 60-80 Yes No Yes No Spreading large acorns can be messy Pyramidal to Quercus Swamp chestnut oval/rounded; Shallow root system; bark is furrowed; host for a variety michauxii oak Deciduous Yes 60-80 60-100 50-70 30-70 No No No Yes No Dense of butterflies and moths; acorns popular with wildlife Rounded; Open; Quercus Spreading with Semi-evergreen; strong wood; generally pest free; muehlenbergii Chinkapin oak Deciduous Yes 40-50 40-60 40-60 40-60 Yes No Yes No age acorns are edible Rounded; Dense; Semi-evergreen; weaker wood than most oaks; good Quercus nigra Water oak Deciduous Yes 50-75 50-100 30-40 30-90 Yes No Yes No Hanging branches shade tree; produces a lot of acorns that can be messy Quercus Rounded; Hanging nuttallii Nuttal oak Deciduous Yes 40-60 40-80 35-50 35-50 No No Yes No branches Semi-evergreen; fast-growing; tolerates wet soil Pyramidal; Dense; Semi-evergreen; fibrous root system; loses lower Quercus Hanging lower branches with age; somewhat overplanted; not palustris Pin oak Deciduous Yes 60-80 40-100 40-50 20-50 No No Yes No No branches recommended for high pH soils Pyramidal to rounded with age; Semi-evergreen; small, narrow leaves; sometimes Dense; Hanging mistakenly referred to as 'pin oak;' fast-growing; fibrous Quercus phellos Willow oak Deciduous Yes 60-80 40-100 30-40 30-60 Yes No Yes No No lower branches root system; overplanted; on Audubon list Semi-evergreen; prefers well drained soil; acorns Rounded; Dense; popular with wildlife; scientific name 'prinus' was also Quercus prinus/ Irregular; used for swamp chestnut oak, but they are now montana Chestnut oak Deciduous Yes 60-70 50-80 30-60 30-60 Yes No Yes No Spreading considered distinct, so 'montana' is commonly accepted Pyramidal to rounded with age; ***CAUTION*** Open; Low Can escape cultivation; has short trunk and massive Quercus robur English oak Deciduous No 40-60 40-100 40-60 40-60 Yes No Yes Yes No branching branches; cultivar 'fastigiata' is better as street tree (Northern) Red Rounded; Open; Semi-evergreen; fast-growing; canopy flattens with age; Quercus rubra oak Deciduous Yes 60-75 60-100 60-75 30-75 Yes No Yes No Symmetrical dark red fall foliage; small acorns Canopy Trees: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Pyramidal to rounded; Open; Quercus Spreading with Semi-evergreen; shallow root system; brilliant shumardii Shumard oak Deciduous Yes 40-60 40-100 40-60 30-70 Yes No Yes No age red/orange fall foliage; on Audubon list Rounded; Dense; Semi-evergreen; stout, twisted branches; not typically Quercus stellata Post oak Deciduous Yes 40-50 40-70 35-50 35-50 Yes No Yes No Spreading cultivated in nurseries Quercus Thick, furrowed, and nearly black bark; typically found velutina Black oak Deciduous Yes 50-90 50-90 40-60 40-60 Yes No No No Rounded; Irregular growing in the wild and not planted Rounded; Very wide-spreading; Native to coastal areas; massive, sprawling branches; Quercus (Southern) Live Horizontal drops old leaves as new ones form in spring; shallow, virginiana oak Evergreen Yes 30-50 30-80 50-80 50-150 Yes No Yes No No branching spreading roots; long lived; symbolic of the South ***CAUTION*** Can escape cultivation; susceptible to pest/disease; Upright; Open; prone to storm damage; tends to form thickets via root Robinia Spreading; sprouts; fast-growing; tolerates poor soil; thorny; very pseudoacacia Black locust Deciduous Yes 30-50 30-90 20-50 20-50 Yes No No No Irregular fragrant blossoms ***CAUTION*** Can escape cultivation; don't plant near water/sewer Rounded; Broad; lines due to invasive water-seeking roots; brittle wood; Salix babylonica Weeping willow Deciduous No 30-50 30-70 20-40 20-70 No No No No No Hanging branches susceptible to cankers Pyradmidal to Deep tap root; colorful fall foliage; birds attracted to Sassafras rounded with age; fruit; roots/bark historically used to make drinks with albidium Sassafras Deciduous Yes 30-60 30-60 25-40 20-40 Yes No No No Irregular supposedly medicinal properties Pyramidal; Narrower and more open than related bald cypress; Taxodium Upright; Open typically found near water/wet ground; trunk very thick ascendens Pond cypress Deciduous Yes 70-80 50-80 15-20 10-20 No No No Yes No crown at base; needle-like leaves drop in the fall Large tap root; typically found near water/wet ground Taxodium Pyramidal; Open; but grows faster in well-drained soils; reddish brown distichum Bald cypress Deciduous Yes 50-100 50-100 20-30 20-50 Yes No Yes No Spreading peeling bark; needle-like leaves drop in the fall Broad; Dense; ***CAUTION*** Multi-stemmed; Seeds, leaves and bark highly toxic and may be fatal if Horizontal eaten; slow-growing; attractive reddish-brown bark; Taxus baccata English yew Evergreen No 30-60 30-60 15-25 15-25 No No No No branching trunk can become massive American Thuja arborvitae Pyramidal; Dense; Many smaller cultivars available; slow-growing; prefers occidentalis (White cedar) Evergreen Yes 40-60 25-60 10-15 10-15 No Yes No Yes No Upright rich, moist soil; needles turn brown in winter; fragrant Giant arborvitae Native to western North America; prefers moist, well- (Western Pyramidal; Dense; drained soil but also does well in clay soils; fragrant; best Thuja plicata redcedar) Evergreen Yes 50-80 30-80 15-20 10-25 No Yes No Yes No Upright known cultivar is 'Green Giant' Canopy Trees: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Understory Trees: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Pyramidal; Dense; Horizontal Shallow root system; slow growing; does not Abies koreana Korean fir Evergreen No 15-30 15-60 6-12 6-12 No Yes No No branching tolerate wet conditions, clay soils, or air pollution Tolerant of urban conditions; dwarf cultivar 'Mino Rounded; Upright; Yatsubusa' can be used near overhead utility lines; Acer Multi-stemmed; 'Streetwise' cultivar best as street tree; attractive buergerianum Trident maple Deciduous No 25-35 20-45 20-30 20-30 Yes No Yes No Low branching orange/brown peeling bark Rounded; Dense; Shallow root system; slow growing; good shade Acer campestre Hedge maple Deciduous No 25-35 25-35 25-35 20-40 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Low branching tree Oval; Upright; Slow growing; dislikes heat; small branches are Acer cissifolium Ivy-leaved maple Deciduous No 20-30 15-30 20-30 20-30 No No No No Broad spreading typically twisted/contorted; smooth, grey bark Rounded; Dense; ***CAUTION*** Multi-stemmed; Can escape cultivation; messy due to prolific seed Acer ginnala Amur maple Deciduous No 15-20 15-30 15-28 15-25 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Spreading production; good shade tree; needs early pruning Oval/Rounded; Slow growing; attractive reddish-orange to Upright; Multi- cinnamon brown, exfoliating bark; vibrant scarlet Acer griseum Paperbark maple Deciduous No 20-30 15-30 15-25 15-25 No No No No stemmed fall foliage Rounded; Upright; Many cultivars available; showy, purple/red Acer japonicum Fullmoon maple Deciduous No 20-30 10-30 20-30 5-30 No No No No Multi-stemmed flowers; exceptional yellow to maroon fall foliage Oval/Rounded; Whitebark (or Multi-stemmed; White bark; generally pest free; tolerates heat; Acer leucoderme Chalk) maple Deciduous No 25-30 20-40 25 10-30 Yes No No No Spreading similar to sugar or Florida maple; on Audubon list Acer Rounded; Vase- Slow-growing; smooth, grey bark; attractive red- maximowiczianum Nikko maple Deciduous No 20-30 20-45 30-45 30-45 No No No No shaped orange fall foliage; generally pest free Rounded; Flat Many cultivars available; sensitive to conditions, topped; Dense; such as frost and excessive sun, wind or drought; Acer palmatum Japanese maple Deciduous No 15-25 15-25 10-25 10-25 No No No No Spreading usually available with either green or red leaves Bushy; Short Usually found in the wild and not well adapted to Acer spicatum Mountain maple Deciduous No 10-30 10-30 10-20 10-20 No No No No trunked cultivation; sometimes considered a large shrub Rounded; Dense; Tolerates a variety of soil conditions including clay Acer tataricum Tatarian maple Deciduous No 15-20 15-25 15-20 10-20 Yes No No Yes Multi-stemmed soils; sometimes considered a large shrub Attractive red/brown peeling bark; good shade Three-flower Rounded; Dense; tree; generally pest free; good fall foliage; not Acer triflorum maple Deciduous No 20-30 15-30 15-25 15-30 No No No No Upright; Spreading readily available Purpleblow Very cold hardy but also tolerates heat; generally Acer truncatum (Shantung) maple Deciduous No 20-25 20-25 20-25 15-20 Yes No No No Rounded; Dense pest free; good fall foliage Native to California; may suffer during drought; drops leaves in early summer; sometimes Rounded; considered a shrub; tall, showy flowers; attractive Aesculus california California buckeye Deciduous No 20-30 20-30 20-25 20-25 No No No No Symmetrical grey bark; highly toxic if eaten Understory Trees: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Susceptible to pest/disease; dislikes dry soil; tall, Oval/Rounded; showy flowers; bright orange/yellow fall foliage; Aesculus glabra Ohio buckeye Deciduous Yes 20-40 20-80 20-40 20-40 No No No No Low-branching highly toxic if eaten Forms in clumps; does not like heat; tall, showy red Rounded; Upright; flowers attract hummingbirds/insects; short-lived; Aesculus pavia Red buckeye Deciduous Yes 10-30 10-30 10-20 10-20 Yes No No No Spreading highly toxic if eaten Sometimes a large shrub; tall, showy yellow Aesculus sylvatica Painted buckeye Deciduous Yes 5-12 5-25 5-15 5-15 No No No No Rounded; Open flowers; smooth, leathery seed; highly toxic if eaten Vase-shaped; ***CAUTION*** Open; Multi- Known invasive; fast-growing but short-lived; stemmed; Flat- susceptible to disease; fern-like foliage; produces topped; Low- pink/white flowers in the summer that attract Albizia julibrissin Mimosa (Silk tree) Deciduous No 20-35 20-35 25-30 20-35 Yes No No No spreading hummingbirds Pyramidal; Tough and adaptable; best in full sun; tolerates Alnus japonica Japanese alder Deciduous No 12-25 10-60 8-12 8-50 No No No No Upright; Narrow short-term flooding Normally found in wet areas, but tolerates range of Dense; Multi- soil types; forms thickets via root sprouts; fruit Alnus surrulata Tag (hazel) alder Deciduous Yes 15-20 10-20 10-20 8-20 No No No No stemmed attracts birds; sometimes considered a shrub Rounded; Upright; Ornamental white/pink flowers; purple berries Amelanchier Downy Multi-stemmed; attract birds; smooth, gray bark; brilliant fall arborea serviceberry Deciduous Yes 10-25 15-40 10-15 10-20 No No Yes No Dense; Irregular foliage; sometimes considered a large shrub Rounded; Multi- Normally found in wet areas; white/pink flowers in Shadblow stemmed; Low- early spring; purple berries attract birds; Amelanchier (Shadbush) branching; yellow/gold fall foliage; sometimes considered a canadensis serviceberry Deciduous Yes 6-20 6-40 15-20 15-20 No No No Yes Irregular large shrub Hybrid between downy and Allegheny serviceberry; many cultivars available; adapted to wide range of Amelanchier x Upright; Dense; soils; white/pink flowers in early spring; fruit grandiflora Apple serviceberry Deciduous No 20-25 20-25 15-20 15-20 No No No No Irregular attracts birds Pyramidal; Multi- Many cultivars available; produces mildly pungent stemmed; but edible fruit somewhat like banana; forms Asimina triloba Pawpaw Deciduous Yes 15-30 15-30 15-20 15-20 No No No No Spreading clumps via root sprouts; brilliant yellow fall foliage Rounded; Multi- Also known as Ironwood or Musclewood; slow- Carpinus American stemmed; growing; sometimes has flat-top or single-trunk; caroliniana hornbeam Deciduous Yes 20-30 20-40 20-30 15-40 Yes No Yes No Spreading smooth bluish-grey bark; orange/yellow fall foliage Japanese Rounded; Dense; Slow-growing; tolerates shade; low-maintenance; Carpinus japonica hornbeam Deciduous No 20-30 20-30 12-15 10-30 Yes No No No Spreading grey, fluted bark Upright; Dense; U- Slow-growing; tolerates range of soil types; Carpinus orientalis Oriental hornbeam Deciduous No 15-25 12-25 15-20 15-20 Yes No No No shaped branching sometimes considered a large shrub (Alleghany) Rounded; Forms dense thickets; fruit has burs; flowers have Castanea pumila Chinquapin Deciduous Yes 20-25 20-25 6-20 5-25 Yes No No No Spreading strong scent; sometimes considered a large shrub Understory Trees: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Many cultivars available; 'Oklahoma' and 'Texas Flat to vase- White' are esp. good street trees; pink flowers form shaped; Irregular; directly on stems before heart-shaped foliage; fast- Cercis canadensis Eastern redbud Deciduous Yes 15-30 20-30 15-25 20-35 Yes No Yes No Spreading growing but short-lived Rounded; Multi- Similar to native fringe tree, but not susceptible to Chionanthus stemmed; Emerald Ash Borer; spectacular white, fragrant retusus Chinese fringe tree Deciduous No 15-25 15-25 10-25 10-25 Yes No Yes No Spreading flowers; exfoliating bark; fruit attracts birds Oval/Rounded; ***CAUTION*** Upright; Open; Some evidence that can host Emerald Ash Borer; Chionanthus Multi-stemmed; striking white, fragrant flowers; sometimes virginicus (White) Fringe tree Deciduous Yes 12-20 10-30 12-20 5-30 No No No Yes Spreading considered a large shrub; fruit attracts birds Rounded; Low- Grows best in partial shade; shallow root system; spreading; susceptible to anthracnose disease; many cultivars Flowering Horizontal available; color of flowers vary by cultivar; red fall Cornus florida dogwood Deciduous Yes 15-30 10-30 15-20 15-30 No No No No branching foliage; berries attract birds Vase-shaped to rounded; Upright; Many cultivars available; resistant to anthracnose; Multi-stemmed; white flowers appear after flowering dogwood and Low, horizontal last longer; red fall foliage; berries attract birds; Cornus kousa Kousa dogwood Deciduous No 20-30 10-30 15-20 10-30 No No Yes No branching exfoliating bark Oval/Rounded; Many cultivars available; tougher and more Dense; Multi- adaptable variety of dogwood; slow-growing; Cornelian cherry stemmed; Low- yellow flowers; berries attract birds; exfoliating Cornus mas dogwood Deciduous No 20-25 20-25 15-20 15-20 Yes Yes No Yes No branching bark; sometimes considered a large shrub Many cultivars available; slow-growing; fibrous root Common Oval/Rounded; system; summer flowers give effect of smoke; (European) Open; Irregular, considered to have some of the best fall colors; Cotinus coggygria smoketree Deciduous No 10-15 10-30 8-14 10-20 Yes No No Yes Spreading sometimes a large shrub Slow-growing; trunks become gnarled; summer flowers give effect of smoke; considered to have American Oval/Rounded; some of the best fall colors; exfoliating bark; Cotinus obovatus smoketree Deciduous Yes 10-40 10-40 10-25 10-25 Yes No No No Upright; Spreading sometimes a large shrub Thorny, but thornless varieties available; columnar Crataegus Washington Rounded; Dense; 'fastigiata' cultivar best as street tree; susceptible phaenopyrum hawthorn Deciduous Yes 25-30 20-35 20-25 20-25 Yes No Yes No Upright branching to disease; fruit attracts birds; good fall color Thorny, but thornless varieties available; popular Rounded; Dense; cultivars include Cockspur, Downy, English/Scarlet Crataegus viridis Green hawthorn Deciduous Yes 15-35 15-35 20-30 20-30 Yes No Yes No Upright; Spreading & Lavalle; tolerant of urban conditions ***CAUTION*** Can escape cultivation; dislikes heat; silvery leaves Elaeagnus and flowers; fruit attracts birds; sometimes angustifolia Russian olive Deciduous No 12-15 10-40 12-15 10-20 Yes Yes No No Rounded; Irregular considered a shrub Understory Trees: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Eriobotrya Rounded; Dense; Sensitive to cold; fast-growing; usually does not japonica Loquat Evergreen No 10-25 10-30 8-10 5-25 Yes Yes No No Multi-stemmed fruit in NC; sometimes considered a large shrub Halesia carolina Rounded; Open; Does not do well in drought; gets name from white, (Halesia Multi-stemmed; bell-shaped, hanging flowers; yellow fall foliage; tetraptera) Carolina silverbell Deciduous Yes 30 20-60 15-35 15-35 No No Yes No Spreading leaves drop early; exfoliating bark Pyramidal to oval; Leaves do not have spines; fewer berries than other Ilex cassine Dahoon holly Evergreen Yes 20-30 20-30 10-15 5-15 Yes Yes No No Dense; Irregular types of hollies; underused Many cultivars available including popular 'Burford' Rounded; Upright; and 'Carissa'; fragrant white flowers in spring; red Ilex cornuta Chinese Holly Evergreen No 8-25 2-25 5-7 4-25 Yes Yes No No Dense berries in winter; sometimes considered a shrub Many cultivars available; bright red/orange berries Rounded; Open; on female plants in fall last through winter and Ilex decidua Possumhaw holly Deciduous Yes 20-30 7-30 7-15 5-20 Yes Yes No No Multi-stemmed attract birds; sometimes considered a large shrub Rounded; Upright; Multi-stemmed; Many cultivars available including 'Pendula' Irregular; (weeping) variety; berries on female plants last Ilex vomitoria Yaupon holly Evergreen Yes 10-20 10-30 8-12 5-20 Yes Yes No Yes Spreading through winter and attract birds Hybrid between American and Dahoon holly; Pyramidal to popular cultivars include 'Carolina Sentinel,' 'East columnar; Upright; Palatka,' 'Emily Bruener,' 'Fosters #2,' 'Nellie Ilex x attenuata Holly Evergreen No 20-40 10-40 7-15 5-15 Yes Yes No Yes No Dense Stevens' & 'Savannah'; heavy berry production Many cultivars available, including 'Hetzii'; height Juniperus Conical; Upright; and form varies greatly by cultivar; dwarf cultivars chinensis Chinese juniper Evergreen No 5-60 10-25 4 5-10 No Yes No Yes No Dense can be a small shrub Pyramidal to Susceptible to pest and disease; many cultivars Juniperus columnar; Upright; available including 'Silicicola' (southern) variety virginiana Eastern red cedar Evergreen Yes 30-40 30-60 10-20 10-20 Yes Yes No Yes No Dense which is shorter, wider; blue berries attract birds ***CAUTION*** Rounded; Dense; Known invasive; somewhat weak-wooded; Koelreuteria Irregular; tolerates a variety of conditions; bright yellow paniculata Goldenraintree Deciduous No 20-40 15-40 15-35 15-40 Yes No Yes Yes No Spreading flowers in early summer even on young plants Overplanted; a vast number of cultivars available Lagerstroemia Japanese crape Rounded; Upright; with a variety of flower colors; blooms in summer; fauriei myrtle Deciduous No 20-30 10-50 10-15 10-35 Yes No Yes Yes No Multistemmed attractive exfoliating bark; tends to be overpruned Overplanted; a vast number of cultivars available Lagerstroemia Common crape Rounded; Upright; with a variety of flower colors; blooms in summer; indica myrtle Deciduous No 8-30 10-40 6-15 10-25 Yes Yes Yes No Multistemmed attractive exfoliating bark; tends to be overpruned Rounded; Dense; Tolerates wide variety of conditions; slow-growing; Maackia Multi-stemmed; exfoliating bark; relatively recent acceptance amuremsis Amur maackia Deciduous No 20-30 20-35 20-30 15-30 Yes No Yes No Spreading means limited availability Understory Trees: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Rounded; Dense; Produces messy fruit, but fruitless cultivars Irregular; Low- available; grows well in difficult soils; fast-growing; Maclura pomifera Osage orange Deciduous Yes 20-40 20-40 20-40 20-40 Yes Yes No No spreading orange-tinged wood is strong Magnolia Pyramidal; Dwarf cultivar of Southern magnolia; slow-growing; grandiflora 'Little Little Gem Upright; Dense; large, fragrant, saucer-like flowers; sometimes Gem' magnolia Evergreen Yes 15-20 15-35 8-10 5-15 Yes Yes No Yes Yes Multi-stemmed considered a large shrub Semi-evergreen; as name suggests, has very large Magnolia Rounded; Upright; leaves; slow-growing; fragrant, white summer macrophylla Bigleaf magnolia Deciduous Yes 30-40 30-40 12-30 20-30 No No No No Open; Irregular flowers Upright to rounded with age; Many cultivars available, including ones that flower Magnolia x Multi-stemmed; later in season to avoid frost damage; large, white soulangiana Saucer magnolia Deciduous No 15-25 15-30 15-25 15-30 No No No No Low-spreading to pinkish-purple flowers; attractive grey bark Many cultivars available, including 'Centurion,' 'Sentinel' or 'Sugar Tyme' for streets/parking areas, Rounded; or 'Columnaris' has lighter fruiting habit; only plant Malus spp. Crabapple Deciduous No 15-25 15-25 10-20 10-30 Yes No Yes Yes No Spreading disease resistant cultivars; showy spring flowers Tolerates shade; extremely hard, dense wood gives American Oval/Rounded; it nickname of ‘Ironwood’; yellow fall foliage; Ostrya virginiana hophornbeam Deciduous Yes 15-50 15-50 10-40 10-40 Yes No Yes Yes No Dense attractive orangish gray exfoliating bark Pyramidal to oval; Oxydendrum Spreading; Fragrant summer flowers attract bees and arboreum Sourwood Deciduous Yes 20-30 20-60 10-15 20-30 Yes No No No Hanging branches butterflies; striking red/orange fall foliage Rounded; Upright; Pest resistant; does not tolerate very dry of very Multi-stemmed; wet soils; excellent yellow/orange/red fall foliage; Parrotia persica Persian ironwood Deciduous No 20-40 20-40 15-30 15-35 No No No Yes No Low branching attractive exfoliating bark Rounded/Oval; Most disease resistant photinia; used for hedges; Multi-stemmed; showy flowers have slight odor; red fruit attracts Photinia serrulata Chinese Photinia Evergreen No 20-30 15-30 15-25 15-25 Yes Yes No Yes No Spreading birds; sometimes considered a large shrub Pyramidal to Rounded; Dense; Great variation in size from small shrub to 50'+ Pinus mugo Mugo pine Evergreen No 15-20 5-50 25-30 15-30 Yes Yes No No Low-spreading tree; normally no tap root; tolerates clay soils Grows in poor soils; becomes broad and flat-topped Pyramidal; Open; with horizonal branching as ages; sometimes listed Pinus virginiana Virginia pine Evergreen Yes 15-40 15-70 10-30 10-35 Yes Yes No No Irregular as an understory tree; on Audubon list Oval/Rounded; Very tolerant of urban conditions; typically Upright; Open; asymmetric when young; bright red to dark blue Pistacia chinensis Chinese pistache Deciduous No 25-40 25-60 25-35 25-50 Yes No Yes Yes No Arching branches fruit; colorful fall foliage; exfoliating bark Pyramidal to Glossy, dark green leaves; easily grown; small black Carolina cherry rounded with age; berries attract birds; sometimes considered a Prunus caroliniana laurel Evergreen Yes 20-40 20-40 15-20 15-25 Yes Yes Yes No Upright; Dense shrub; leaves, stems and seeds highly toxic if eaten Understory Trees: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Rounded; Vase ***CAUTION*** shaped; Dense; Can escape cultivation; short-lived; many cultivars Spreading available, but typ. with reddish-purple leaves; small Prunus cerasifera Purple leaf plum Deciduous No 15-25 10-30 15-20 10-25 No Yes No No branches fruit can be messy; sometimes called 'Cherry' plum Many cultivars available with a variety of flower Rounded; Dense; colors; longest-lived of flowering fruit trees; small, Prunus mume Japanese apricot Deciduous No 10-20 10-25 10-20 15-20 No No No Yes Twiggy branches yellowish fruit are inedible but attractive Hybrid cherry that grows quickly and has long Rounded/Oval flowering period; outstanding pink flowers in early Prunus ‘Okame’ Okame cherry Deciduous No 15-30 15-30 20-30 20-35 Yes No No No with age; Upright spring; colorful fall foliage; attractive reddish bark ***CAUTION*** Can escape cultivation; susceptible to pests and Rounded; Open; disease; many cultivars available primarily to Prunus persica Common peach Deciduous No 15-25 10-25 10-15 8-25 No No No No Low-spreading produce fruit; leaves, stems and seeds highly toxic Many cultivars available, including popular Rounded; Vase- ‘Kwanzan’ variety; outstanding white flowers in Japanese shaped; Upright; early spring; rarely fruits; attractive reddish-brown Prunus serrulata (flowering) cherry Deciduous No 15-25 15-40 15-20 15-40 No No No No Spreading bark; susceptible to pests; often short-lived Rounded; Upright; Many cultivars available; white to pinkish flowers in Spreading; Multi- early spring; sometimes double-blooms in a season; Prunus subhirtella Higan cherry Deciduous No 20-40 20-40 15-30 15-35 No No No No trunked small black berries; longer-lived than most cherries Forms colonies in the wild; showy white flowers in Common Oval/Rounded; spring; fruit inedible; sometimes considered a large Prunus virginiana chokecherry Deciduous Yes 20-30 15-30 18-25 10-25 Yes No Yes No Dense; Irregular shrub; not readily available for purchase Rounded; Upright; Known for beautiful spring flowers, including during Prunus x Spreading; Arching Washington DC cherry blossom festival; many yedoensis Yoshino cherry Deciduous No 30-40 20-45 30-50 20-50 No No No No branches cultivars available; small blackish fruit; fast-growing Quercus Grows well in poor, dry soils; usually found growing marilandica Blackjack oak Deciduous Yes 20-40 20-40 25-30 20-40 No Yes No No Rounded; Irregular wild and not typically planted Quercus Chinese evergreen Rounded/Oval; Sometimes called 'Bamboo-leaf' oak; grows in a myrsinifolia oak Evergreen No 20-30 20-50 18-25 18-30 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Upright branching variety of soils; cold hardy Forms thickets via root suckers; does not tolerate shade or wet soil; reddish-brown hairs cover young branches; fruit attracts wildlife; sometimes Rhus typhina Staghorn sumac Deciduous Yes 15-25 15-25 15-25 15-25 Yes No No No Open; Spreading considered a shrub; colorful fall foliage ***CAUTION*** Salix matsudana Rounded; Upright; Can escape cultivation; typically short-lived; known 'Tortuosa' Corkscrew willow Deciduous No 20-40 10-40 15-25 8-25 No No No No Twisted branching for twisting and contorted branches and leaves Oval; Dense; ***CAUTION*** European Upright; Spreading Known invasive; not susceptible to EAB; short-lived; Sorbus aucuparia mountain ash Deciduous No 20-35 20-40 15-25 15-30 No No No No with age not heat tolerant; fruit attracts birds Understory Trees: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Large Shrubs: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Upright; Open; Forms rounded mass via root sprouts; tall, showy Aesculus Bottlebrush Multi-stemmed; white flowers attract hummingbirds/insects; parviflora buckeye Deciduous Yes 6-10 5-20 8-15 10-15 No No No Yes Spreading generally disease-free; highly toxic if eaten Agarista Upright; Multi- (Leucothoe) Florida (Coast) stemmed; Arching Prefers partial shade and cool, moist, acidic soil; populifolia leucothoe Evergreen Yes 8-12 8-18 6-8 6-12 No Yes No Yes Yes branches glossy green leaves Amelanchier (Saskatoon) Rounded; Multi- Native to Great Plains; susceptible to leaf-spot alnifolia Serviceberry Deciduous No 6-12 5-15 6-10 5-10 No No No Yes stemmed disease; tolerates a range of soil conditions ***CAUTION*** Upright; Multi- Can escape cultivation; attracts butterflies and Buddleia davidii Butterfly bush Deciduous No 5-10 5-15 8-10 4-10 Yes No No Yes Yes stemmed bees; purple flowers in summer Many cultivars available; some can be taller (up to Buxus Rounded; Dense; 30') but usually smaller; good for hedges; sempervirens Common boxwood Evergreen No 15-20 5-20 10-15 6-15 Yes Yes No Yes Yes Multi-stemmed distinctive aroma Pyramidal/ Many cultivars available; slow-growing but long- Columnar; lived; blooms in early spring; prefers shade or Camellia japonica Common camellia Evergreen No 8-15 8-15 5-10 5-10 Yes Yes No Yes Upright; Dense partial shade; protect from wind Many cultivars available; more tolerant of sun; Pyramidal/Oval; resistant to root rot; blooms in fall; sometimes Camellia sasanqua Sasanqua camellia Evergreen No 6-10 6-15 5-7 5-7 Yes Yes No Yes Upright; Dense considered a small tree ***CAUTION*** Cotoneaster Can escape cultivation; used for hedges; vigorous; lucidus Hedge cotoneaster Deciduous No 6-20 6-20 5-20 5-20 Yes Yes No Yes Yes Upright; Spreading durable ***CAUTION*** Cotoneaster Many-flowered Rounded; Mound; Can escape cultivation; fountain-like appearance; multiflorus cotoneaster Deciduous No 8-12 8-12 12-15 12-15 Yes Yes No Yes Yes Arching branches attractive white flowers; needs space ***CAUTION*** Can escape cultivation; produces fruit; varies in size Cotoneaster Willowleaf depending on cultivar from large shrub to salicfolius cotoneaster Evergreen No 1.5-3 1.5-15 6 6-12 Yes No No Yes Upright; Spreading groundcover ***CAUTION*** Elaeagnus Dense; Irregular; Known invasive; used for banks/natural barriers pungens Thorny elaeagnus Evergreen No 10-15 10-20 6-10 6-20 Yes Yes No Yes Spreading along highways; thorny; also known as 'Silverthorn' ***CAUTION*** Winged Rounded with flat Can escape cultivation; striking red color in fall; euonymous/ top; Upright; dwarf "compactus" variety grows to 6-8' height and Euonymus alatus burning bush Deciduous No 15-20 10-20 15-20 15-20 Yes Yes No Yes Multi-stemmed 4-6' width; ***CAUTION*** Exochorda Common Rounded; Upright; Reported to be invasive in some states; leafs out racemosa pearlbush Deciduous No 10-12 10-15 8-10 10-15 Yes No No Yes Irregular early; flowers in spring; tough plant Large Shrubs: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Upright; Flat- ***CAUTION*** Forsythia Greenstem topped; Arching Can escape cultivation; prefers loose soil; tolerates viridissima forsythia Deciduous No 6-10 6-12 6-10 6-10 Yes Yes No Yes stems adverse conditions; bright yellow flowers Requires acidic soil and good drainage; soft white Rounded; Multi- flowers in spring; excellent fall color; slow-growing; Fothergilla major Larger fathergilla Deciduous Yes 6-12 4-15 6-10 6-12 Yes Yes No Yes Yes stemmed on Audubon list Multi-stemmed; Hamamelis Common witch Dense; Irregular; Late fall flowers; best in natural areas; on Audubon virginiana hazel Deciduous Yes 15-30 15-30 15-25 12-25 No No No Yes Yes Low spreading list ***CAUTION*** Can escape cultivation; many cultivars available; Pyramidal; known for prominent late spring/early summer Hibiscus syriacus Rose of Sharon Deciduous No 8-12 6-12 6-10 4-10 Yes Yes No Yes Yes Upright; Open flowers; plant in a grouping/mass ***CAUTION*** Can escape cultivation; best as a border shrub but Hydrangea Upright; Irregular; requires pruning; sometimes considered a small paniculata Panicle hydrangea Deciduous No 8-20 8-25 6-8 6-20 Yes No No Yes Spreading tree; large clusters of white/pink flowers in summer Usually a shrub but can be a small tree; many Rounded; Dense; cultivars available, including popular 'Hetzii'; good Ilex crenata Japanese holly Evergreen No 10-12 3-12 3-5 3-8 Yes Yes No Yes Multi-stemmed for hedges Many cultivars available; good in wet areas; prefers Rounded/Oval; rich, acidic soils; slow-growing; needs both male Upright; Multi- and female plants to produce winter berries; on Ilex verticillata Winterberry holly Deciduous Yes 6-15 6-15 6-10 5-10 No No No Yes Yes stemmed Audubon list Illicium Rounded; Open; Prefers partial shade; beautiful red, star-shaped floridanum Florida anise tree Evergreen Yes 10 6-15 5-10 5-10 Yes No No Yes Multi-stemmed flowers with pleasant fragrance in late spring Rounded; Dense; Open with age; Many cultivars available, including dwarf variety Kalmia latifolia Mountain laurel Evergreen Yes 7-15 4-15 3-5 3-8 Yes Yes No Yes Symmetrical that grows to approximately 3' tall Pyramidal to Smaller version of popular crape myrtle; many rounded; Upright; cultivars available with variety of flower colors; Lagerstroemia Dwarf and semi- Dense; Multi- blooms in summer; tolerant of a variety of indica dwarf crape myrtle Deciduous No 5-15 5-15 5-15 5-15 Yes No No Yes stemmed conditions ***CAUTION*** Ligustrum Upright; Multi- Known invasive; many cultivars available; used for amurense Amur privet Evergreen No 12-15 12-15 9-10 9-10 No Yes No Yes stemmed hedges ***CAUTION*** Lonicera Winter Irregular; Can escape cultivation; semi-evergreen; fast- fragrantissima honeysuckle Deciduous No 6-12 6-12 6-8 6-10 Yes Yes No Yes Spreading growing; flowers have a pleasant fragrance Many hybrid cultivars available; susceptible to Magnolia lilliflora Lily magnolia Deciduous No 12-15 5-15 8-12 10-15 No No Yes Yes Rounded; Irregular powdery mildew; large reddish-purple flowers Large Shrubs: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Prefers moist, well-drained soils and partial shade; Rounded; Upright; summer flowers; more wind tolerant than most Magnolia sieboldii Oyama magnolia Deciduous No 10-20 10-20 10-15 10-15 No No No No Low-branching magnolias Rounded; Upright; Multi-stemmed; Many cultivars available; one of earliest magnolias Magnolia stellata Star magnolia Deciduous No 10-20 10-20 10-15 8-20 No Yes No Yes Low-branching to flower; white, fragrant blooms are frost sensitive Michelia (doltsopa Rounded/Oval; Generally used as a foundation plant; very fragrant x) figo Banana shrub Evergreen No 6-10 6-20 6-8 6-15 Yes Yes No Yes Dense; Upright flowers that smell somewhat like bananas Rounded; (Southern) Wax Irregular; Dense Sometimes considered a small tree; spreads by root Myrica cerifera myrtle Evergreen Yes 10-15 10-25 8-10 6-20 Yes Yes No Yes Multi-stemmed suckers; clusters of small, grape-like fruit Osmanthus Rounded/Oval; Many cultivars available; fragrant flowers; also heterophllus Holly olive Evergreen No 6-12 10-12 5-10 8-10 Yes Yes No Yes Dense; Upright known as 'False Holly' Sometimes considered a small tree; most popular Rounded/Oval; cultivar 'Red Tip' is prone to disease; new foliage is Photinia x fraseri Fraser photinia Evergreen No 10-15 10-30 5-10 5-20 Yes Yes No Yes Upright; Spreading burgundy red Pittosporum Dense; Spreading Good specimen foundation plant; fast-growing; tobira Mock orange Evergreen No 8-12 8-12 4-8 4-18 Yes Yes No Yes mound requires frequent pruning Does better in shade; must be planted in well Prunus English (cherry) Rounded/Oval; drained soils; dwarf cultivars available; highly toxic laurocerasus laurel Evergreen No 10-18 10-20 8-11 8-11 No Yes No Yes Dense; Spreading if eaten ***CAUTION*** Can escape cultivation; many cultivars available; Pyracantha Open; Stiff, thorny; used for hedges; known for orange/red coccinea Scarlet firethorn Evergreen No 8-20 6-20 8-20 6-20 Yes Yes No Yes arching branches fruits in fall Woody; Semi-evergreen; many cultivars/hybrids available; Rhododendron Rhododendron or Broadleafed; requires shade and protection from wind; highly spp. azalea Evergreen Yes 2-12 2-12 2-8 2-8 No Yes No Yes Flowering toxic if eaten Needs a limited amount of direct sun; slow to Rhododendron establish; yellow/red fall foliage; on Audubon list; calendulaceum Flame azalea Deciduous Yes 4-8 4-15 8-10 5-10 Yes No No Yes Upright; Loose highly toxic if eaten Rhododendron Hoary (Piedmont) Multi-stemmed; Semi-evergreen; sweetly fragrant pink/white canescens azalea Evergreen Yes 6-15 6-15 6-10 6-10 Yes No No Yes Woody; Spreading flowers in early spring; highly toxic if eaten Semi-evergreen; susceptible to leaf spot disease if too much shade or during drought; smaller leaves Rhododendron Dwarf Open; Spreading; and pink flowers; includes variety 'Chapmanii'; on minus rhododendron Evergreen Yes 3-8 3-12 3-8 3-10 No No No Yes Woody; Loose Audubon list; highly toxic if eaten Innumerable cultivas available, including 'Cherokee', 'China', 'Knock out', and 'Rugosa'; Rosa spp. Roses Deciduous No 2-15 2-15 N/A N/A No No No Yes Varies typically needs to be pruned to create a shrub Large Shrubs: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Irregular; Slow-growing; white summer flowers; orange/ Stewartia ovata Mountain camellia Deciduous Yes 10-15 10-20 10-12 10-15 No No No No Spreading scarlet fall foliage Symplocos Rounded; Low Produces bright blue fruit; best if two planted for paniculata Sapphire berry Evergreen No 15-20 10-20 10-20 10-20 No Yes No Yes spreading cross fertilization; requires little maintenance Upright; Multi- Many cultivars available; very fragrant spring stemmed; Open; flowers of various color; attractive bark; sometimes Syringa pekinensis Peking lilac Deciduous No 15-20 15-20 10-15 10-15 Yes No No Yes Arching branches considered a small tree ***CAUTION*** Upright; Open; Can escape cultivation; many cultivars available; Syringa vulgaris Common lilac Deciduous No 8-15 10-15 6-12 6-12 No Yes No Yes Stiff branches extremely fragrant flowers; best in a grouping Used for hedges; fairly fast-growing; does not Viburnum Pyramidal; Dense; tolerate wet soils; new growth is reddish; clusters awabuki 'Chindo' Chindo viburnum Evergreen No 10-15 10-15 15 15 No Yes No Yes Upright of bright red fruit Rounded; Multi- stemmed; Dense; Forms colonies; very straight stems; flowers Viburnum Arrowwood Spreading, arching produce somewhat unpleasant odor; fruit attracts dentatum viburnum Deciduous Yes 6-10 6-12 6-15 4-15 Yes No No Yes branches birds; on Audubon list Rounded; Upright; Multi-stemmed; Very popular viburnum; use 'Americanum' variety Spreading, arching to prevent concern about escaping cultivation; Viburnum opulus Cranberry bush Deciduous No 8-12 8-15 10-15 10-15 Yes Yes No Yes Yes branches attractive flower and fruit Black haw Viburnum (nannyberry) Rounded; Multi- More than one genetic strain needed to fruit; prunifolium viburnum Deciduous Yes 12-15 8-20 8-12 6-15 Yes No No Yes stemmed; Twiggy attracts birds; on Audubon list Southern (rusty) Viburnum blackhaw Oval; Upright; Prefers partial shade and well-drained soil; protect rufidulum viburnum Evergreen No 10-20 10-30 10-15 10-20 No No No Yes Multi-stemmed from wind; fruit attracts birds; on Audubon list Upright; Multi- ***CAUTION*** Viburnum Leatherleaf stemmed; Open Can escape cultivation; prefers heavy shade; best in rhytidophyllum vibernum Evergreen No 10-15 10-15 10-15 10-15 No Yes No Yes with age large areas Viburnum Rounded; Open; Develops leaf scorch in drought; distinctive red sieboldii Siebold viburnum Deciduous No 15-20 15-20 10-15 10-15 No No No Yes Stiff branches fruiting stems; fruit attracts birds Rounded; Multi- stemmed; Dense; Many cultivars available, some evergreen and/or Viburnum spp. Viburnum Varies No 5-15 5-15 5-15 5-15 Varies No No Yes Spreading drought tolerant Vase-shaped; Does best in heat; flowers late in the season; Vitex negundo Chastetree Deciduous No 10-15 10-20 6-10 8-10 Yes Yes No Yes Open sometimes considered a small tree

Medium Shrubs: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Rounded; Multi- stemmed; Dense; Abelia x Spreading; Arching Many cultivars available; semi-evergreen; hardy; grandiflora Glossy abelia Deciduous No 3-6 3-7 3-6 3-6 Yes Yes No Yes branches easy to grow Rounded to vase- shaped; Upright; Open with age; Outstanding fall color and berries; best in a mass Multi-stemmed; planting with smaller shrubs; adaptable; on Aronia arbutifolia Red chokeberry Deciduous Yes 6-10 5-10 3-5 3-8 Yes Yes No Yes Yes Spreading Audubon list Rounded/Oval; Needs shade; tolerates pollution and poor soils; Aucuba japonica Spotted laurel Evergreen No 6-10 4-10 4-6 3-9 Yes Yes No Yes Yes Dense; Upright does not do as well in wet soils; protect from wind Wintergreen Rounded; Dense; Semi-evergreen; thorny; very good as barrier; Berberis julianae barberry Evergreen No 4-6 4-10 6-8 2-10 Yes Yes No Yes Open with age berries persist through winter ***CAUTION*** Known invasive; includes 'Atropurpurea' or Red Berberis Rounded; Dense; Barberry variety; thorny with berries; good barrier thunbergii Japanese barberry Deciduous No 3-6 3-6 4-7 4-7 Yes Yes No Yes Yes Multi-stemmed plant; popular cultivars include 'Crimson Pygmy' Berberis x Mounded; Dense; mentorensis Mentor barberry Deciduous No 4-6 4-6 5-7 5-7 Yes Yes No Yes Yes Upright; Thorny Semi-evergreen; good barrier plant; yellow flowers Rounded/Oval; Callicarpa American Open; Arching Good for mass planting; attractive fruit; on americana beautyberry Deciduous Yes 3-4 3-8 4-5 3-8 Yes No No Yes branches Audubon list Calycanthus Carolina allspice Rounded; Dense; Many cultivars available; fragrant flowers smell like floridus (sweetshrub) Deciduous Yes 6-9 4-10 6-12 4-12 Yes No No Yes Yes Irregular strawberries; likes shade; on Audubon list Rounded; Multi- Round, white flowers in late spring are fragrant; can Cephalanthus stemmed; grow much taller in natural settings; on Audubon occidentalis Buttonbush Deciduous Yes 6-10 5-12 3-10 3-10 No No No Yes Spreading list Rounded; Dense; ***CAUTION*** Chaenomeles Multi-stemmed; Can escape cultivation; tangled, spiny branches; speciosa Flowering quince Deciduous No 6-10 6-10 6-10 6-10 Yes Yes No Yes Spreading good as barrier; susceptible to fire blight ***CAUTION*** Cornus sericea Red-osier Rounded; Upright; Can escape cultivation; vigorous; tolerates (stolonifera) (redtwig) dogwood Deciduous No 5-9 5-15 5-10 5-10 Yes No No Yes Spreading pollution; red stems Rounded; Multi- stemmed; ***CAUTION*** Cotoneaster Spreading Spreading; Can escape cultivation; adaptable and versatile; divaricatus cotoneaster Deciduous No 5-6 5-6 6-8 6-8 Yes Yes No Yes Yes Hanging branches good fall color ***CAUTION*** Often considered invasive, but some cultivars do Upright; Open; not produce seeds and are less aggressive; does Cytisus scoparius Scotch broom Deciduous No 5-6 5-10 3-6 3-12 Yes No No Yes Arching well in poor soils; highly toxic if eaten Medium Shrubs: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Rounded; Upright; Spreading with Grows easily; stems somewhat short-lived; often Deutzia scabra Fuzzy deutzia Deciduous No 6-10 6-10 4-8 4-8 No Yes No Yes arched branching appears unkempt; exfoliating brown bark Euonymus Spreading Rounded; Open; Semi-evergreen; pink/orange-red fruit; Used for kiautschovicus euonymus Evergreen No 8-10 5-10 4-6 4-8 Yes Yes No Yes Spreading hedges; More pest resistent than other euonymus Rounded; Dense; ***CAUTION*** Forsythia x Upright; Arching Can escape cultivation; can be pruned to remove intermedia Border forsythia Deciduous No 8-10 8-10 10-12 10-12 Yes Yes No Yes branches unkempt growth and form hedges; yellow flowers Rounded; Dense mound; Upright; Forms colonies/thickets; white flowers have sweet Fothergilla Multi-stemmed; honey fragrance; orange to scarlet fall color; on gardenii Dwarf fothergilla Deciduous Yes 3-5 2-6 3-4 2-6 Yes Yes No Yes Yes Spreading Audubon list Hydrangea Rounded; Open; Many cultivars available; known for globular white arborescens Smooth hydrangea Deciduous No 3-6 2-6 3-5 3-10 No No No Yes Unbranched stems flowers; likes shade; on Audubon list Rounded; Dense Hypericum Shrubby St. mound; Spreading; Slow-growing; yellow flowers; fruit attracts birds; prolificum Johnswort Deciduous Yes 2-4 2-6 2-4 2-6 Yes No No Yes Yes Stiff stems on Audubon list Rounded; Upright; Multi-stemmed; Also known as 'Gallberry;' slow-growing; on Ilex glabra Inkberry holly Evergreen Yes 6-8 6-10 6-8 3-10 Yes Yes No Yes Yes Open with age Audubon list ***CAUTION*** Rounded; Loose; Known invasive; semi-evergreen; many cultivars Clustered, arching available; forms colonies; good purplish-red fall Itea virginica Virginia sweetspire Evergreen Yes 3-6 3-8 4-6 3-10 Yes Yes No Yes branches foliage; on Audubon list Pyramidal; Many cultivars available; does well in heat and poor Juniperus Upright; Low- soils; sometimes considered a small tree but more communis Common juniper Evergreen No 5-10 5-10 8-12 8-12 Yes Yes No Yes growing commonly a low growing shrub Also known as 'Doghobble' or 'Fetterbush;' subject Fountain-like to leaf spot disease; forms colonies/thickets; Leucothoe Drooping mound; Spreading; prefers shade; sometimes used as ground cover; on fontanesiana leucothoe Evergreen Yes 3-6 2-6 3-6 3-8 No Yes No Yes Yes Arching branches Audubon list; highly toxic if eaten Mahonia Upright; Irregular; Prefers shade and moist soil; specimen foundation aquifolium Oregon grapeholly Evergreen No 3-6 3-10 3-5 3-7 Yes No No Yes Limited branching plant; grows in clusters Upright; Multi- stemmed; ***CAUTION*** Leatherleaf Irregular; Limited Known invasive; specimen plant; coarse blue-green Mahonia bealei mahonia Evergreen No 4-8 4-10 4-6 2-6 Yes No No Yes branching leaves, fragrant yellow flowers, and bright blue fruit ***CAUTION*** Rounded; Upright; Known invasive; also known as 'Heavenly' or Nandina Multi-stemmed; 'Sacred' Bamboo; used in groups to soften coarser domestica Nandina Evergreen Yes 6-8 6-8 2-3 2-3 Yes No No Yes Yes Limited branching shrubs; very hardy Medium Shrubs: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Rounded; Upright; Dense; Spreading; Many cultivars available; does well in shade; highly Pieris japonica Japanese pieris Evergreen No 4-8 4-10 4-8 4-8 No Yes No Yes Broad-leafed toxic if eaten Semi-evergreen; large white flowers with lemon Rhododendron scent; native to Alabama and Georgia; highly toxic if alabamense Alabama azalea Evergreen Yes 5-6 5-6 5-6 5-6 Yes No No Yes Rounded; Woody eaten Semi-evergreen; pinkish white flowers in mid-April; Rhododendron Coastal (dwarf) may form thickets; highly toxic if eaten; on atlanticum azalea Evergreen Yes 3-6 3-6 3-6 3-6 No No No Yes Twiggy; Loose Audubon list Upright; Multi- Sometimes deciduous; easy to grow; fragrant Rhododendron stemmed; Woody; gold/orange flowers; native to Southeastern U.S. austrinum Florida azalea Evergreen Yes 8-10 6-10 8-10 4-10 Yes No No Yes Loose but not NC; highly toxic if eaten Rhododendron Compact; Low- Sometimes deciduous; best in shade; orange/red bakeri Cumberland azalea Evergreen Yes 4-6 3-6 3-4 3-4 No No No Yes growing; Twiggy summer flowers not fragrant; highly toxic if eaten Also known as 'Punctatum;' prefers shade and light Rhododendron Carolina Rounded; Woody; winds; typically planted in a grouping; highly toxic if carolinianum rhododendron Evergreen Yes 3-6 3-10 3-6 3-7 No Yes No Yes Broadleafed eaten; on Audubon list Rhododendron Catawba Rounded; Woody; Many cultivars available; on Audubon list; highly catawbiense rhododendron Evergreen Yes 6-10 4-10 8-10 5-12 No Yes No Yes Broadleafed toxic if eaten Woody; Multi- Rhododendron Pink (pinxter) branched; Low Semi-evergreen; best in partial shade; variable periclymenoides azalea Deciduous Yes 4-10 4-10 4-6 4-6 No No No Yes Spreading flower colors; on Audubon list; highly toxic if eaten Sometimes deciduous; pink flowers and Rhododendron Upright; Woody; red/burgundy fall foliage; on Audubon list; highly vaseyi Pinkshell azalea Evergreen Yes 5-10 4-10 4-7 4-7 No No No Yes Irregular toxic if eaten Semi-evergreen; best in partial shade; forms thicket Rhododendron Clammy (swamp) Loose; Open; with age; fragrant flowers; on Audubon list; highly viscosum azalea Deciduous Yes 2-8 4-10 3-8 3-8 No No No Yes Spreading; Woody toxic if eaten Rhodotypes Black jetbead Loose; Mounded; Very hardy; unkempt and ragged looking; highly scandens (jetberry bush) Deciduous 3-6 3-6 4-9 4-9 Yes No No Yes Yes Somewhat arching toxic if eaten Low; Irregular, Branches that touch ground often form roots; Rhus aromatica (Fragrant) Sumac Deciduous Yes 2-6 1-6 6-10 4-10 Yes No No Yes Yes Spreading forms colonies; on Audubon list Carolina (pasture) Fragrant pink flowers in summer; forms thickets; on Rosa carolina rose Deciduous Yes 3-6 2-6 3-4 3-4 Yes No No Yes Flowering; Bushy Audubon list Flowering; Thorny; Fragrant pink flowers in summer; needs moisture; Rosa palustris Swamp rose Deciduous Yes 4-6 3-6 3-6 3-6 No No No Yes Arching stems forms thickets; on Audubon list Heat tolerant; needs full sun; fast-growing; stems Spiraea (Double) Reeves Upright; Arching from base; white pompom-like flowers lend cantoniensis spirea Deciduous No 4-6 4-8 3-5 3-8 Yes No No Yes branches alternate name of 'Bridal Wreath' Medium Shrubs: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Rounded; Upright; ***CAUTION*** Spiraea japonica Dense; Thin, wiry Can escape cultivation; very fast-growing; forms ‘Alpina’ Japenese spiraea Deciduous No 4-5 1-5 4-5 2-5 Yes No No Yes stems thickets; mild fragrance Dense mound; ***CAUTION*** (Snowmound) Multi-stemmed; Can escape cultivation; uniform rapid growth Spiraea nipponica Nippon spirea Deciduous No 3-5 3-8 4-5 3-6 Yes Yes No Yes Arching branches pattern; stems from base; used for low hedges Bridalwreath Upright; Open; Does not like wet soil; can become leggy; double Spirea prunifolia spirea Deciduous No 4-9 4-9 6-8 6-8 Yes No No Yes Arching branches white flowers in early spring used for bridal wreaths Many cultivars available, including 'Japanese' (a Rounded; Dense; known invasive), 'Bumalda', 'Korean', 'Threelobe', Spiraea spp. Spirea Deciduous No 2-6 2-8 3-5 3-5 Yes No No Yes Yes Spreading 'Thungberg' and 'Vanhoutte' Syringa Dense; Broad- Typically used for low hedges; small leaves; showy, microphylla Little leaf lilac Evergreen No 4-6 4-6 9-12 9-12 No Yes No Yes spreading fragrant flowers grow in clusters Many varieties available, including 'Cutleaf', 'Littleleaf', 'Myer', 'Korean', 'Peking', 'Persian'; Rounded; Dense; known for profuse, fragrant flowers; can be pruned Syringa spp. Lilacs Deciduous No 4-10 4-10 4-10 4-12 No Yes No Yes Spreading as medium-sized shrubs Likes shade; bright green foliage in summer, Viburnum Mapleleaf Upright; Low; changing to reddish purple in fall; grows in dense acerifolia viburnum Deciduous Yes 4-6 3-6 4 3-6 Yes No No Yes Sparsely branched clumps; on Audubon list Koreanspice Rounded; Upright; Cultivars are superior; smaller 'Compactum' cultivar Viburnum carlesii viburnum Deciduous No 4-6 4-6 4-6 4-8 No Yes No Yes Dense; Irregular available (3-4' height); fragrant Possomhaw Rounded; Can get up to 20' tall in natural setting; white Viburnum nudum viburnum Deciduous Yes 6-10 6-10 6-10 6-10 Yes No No Yes Spreading flowers; hanging clusters of fruit; on Audubon list Viburnum Rounded; Tiered; ***CAUTION*** plicatum Doublefile Horizontal Can escape cultivation; good accent plant; white tomentosum viburnum Deciduous No 8-10 6-10 8-10 8-10 Yes Yes No Yes spreading clusters of flowers; red fall color; fruit attracts birds Viburnum Downy arrowwood rafinesquianum viburnum Deciduous Yes 6-10 3-10 6 6 No No No Yes Spreading Straight stems; fruit attracts birds; on Audubon list Rounded; Upright; Viburnum x Burkwood Multi-stemmed; Many cultivars available; does well in polluted burkwoodii vibernum Deciduous No 8-10 5-10 5-8 6-8 Yes Yes No Yes Irregular areas; fragrant flowers in early spring Rounded; Dense; (Old fashioned) Spreading; Arching Many cultivars available; tolerates pollution; rose Weigela florida Weigela Deciduous No 6-10 6-10 6-10 6-12 No No No Yes branches with age pink flowers; attracts hummingbirds Mounded; Upright; Single- Specimen shrub; native to Southeastern U.S. Spanish dagger stemmed; Hanging (Florida); spiny leaves look like desert plant; Yucca gloriosa (mound-lilly) yucca Evergreen Yes 6-8 6-8 6-8 4-8 Yes No No Yes Yes leaves spectacular flower

Small Shrubs: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Rounded; Multi- Abeliophyllum Korean abelia stemmed; Twiggy; Semi-evergreen; not a specimen plant; white to distichum (white forsythia) Deciduous No 3-5 3-5 3-4 3-4 Yes Yes No Yes Yes Arching branches light pink flowers; mildly fragrant Rounded; Compact; Dense; Cultivars include 'Compactus' and 'Koreana'; Buxus microphylla Littleleaf boxwood Evergreen No 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 Yes Yes No Yes Yes Multi-branched shallow roots; used for low hedges; fragrant Buxus sempervirens Rounded; Dense Dwarf cultivar of boxwood; prefers partial shade 'Suffruticosa' English boxwood Evergreen No 2-3 2-4 2-4 2-4 No Yes No Yes Yes mound and well-drained soil Callicarpa Purple Dense; Arching Long, slender branches; color of berries varies by dichotoma beautyberry Deciduous No 3-4 3-4 4-5 4-5 Yes Yes No Yes Yes branches cultivar, attracts birds; avoid excessive fertilizer Cephalotaxus Rounded/Oval; harringtonia 'Duke Upswept, arching Yew cultivar more appropriate for NC climate; not Gardens' Duke Gardens yew Evergreen No 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 Yes No No Yes branches wind tolerant Chaenomeles Japanese flowering Open; Wide- Orange to red flowers, but not as ornamental as japonica quince Deciduous No 2-3 2-3 3-4 2-4 No No No Yes spreading; Thorny other flowering quinces ***CAUTION*** Low; Wide- Can escape cultivation; semi-evergreen; also used Cotoneaster Cranberry spreading; as tall groundcover; develops spider mites in dry apiculata cotoneaster Evergreen No 3 2-3 3-6 3-6 Yes No No Yes Yes Mounded weather Flat; Dense; ***CAUTION*** Cotoneaster Rock(spray) Horizontal Can escape cultivation; semi-evergreen; handsome horizontalis cotoneaster Evergreen No 2-3 2-3 5-8 5-8 Yes Yes No Yes Yes branching in tiers reddish fall foliage and fruits; attracts bees Fragrant (winter) Rounded; Dense; Tends to be short-lived; fragrant; seldom produces Daphne odora daphne Evergreen No 3-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 No No No Yes Mounded fruit; highly toxic if eaten Low; Compact; Very adaptable to adverse conditions; can become Deutzia gracilis Slender deutzia Deciduous No 2-4 2-4 3-4 3-4 Yes Yes No Yes Yes Dense mound ragged with age Ilex vomitora Dwarf yaupon Rounded; Dense Close-knit, brittle branches; other dwarf cultivars 'Nana' holly Evergreen Yes 3-5 3-5 3-6 3-6 Yes Yes No Yes mound include 'Schillings' Jasminum Mass of slender, Semi-evergreen; weeping; gives appearance of floridum Showy jasmine Evergreen No 3-5 3-5 3-4 3-5 Yes No No Yes Yes arching stems haystack Bush cinquefoil Rounded; Bushy; Many cultivars available; slow-growing; can Potentilla (shrubby Upright, slender become ragged with age; bright yellow flowers in fruticosa potentilla) Deciduous No 1-3 1-4 2-4 2-4 Yes No No Yes Yes stems summer Low-spreading; ***CAUTION*** Ascending Typically found in more northern climates and not Taxus Canadensis Canadian yew Evergreen No 3-5 3-5 3-8 3-8 Yes Yes No Yes Yes branches suitable for our hardiness zone Rounded; Dense; Very dependable; attracts birds; two needed for Viburnum davidii David virburnum Evergreen No 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-6 Yes Yes No Yes Yes Compact cross-pollination

Groundcovers: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Typical Height Typical Width Within 20 ft. Deciduous Height Range Width Range Drought Use as Street Parking of Overhead Shape/Form/ Scientific Name Commom Name or Evergreen Native (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) Tolerant Screen Tree Areas Utilities Branching Pattern Notes (i.e. Invasive, pests/diseases, cultivars, etc.) Upright; Dense; Many cultivars available; spike-like flowers usually Ajuga genevensis Geneva Bugle Evergreen No 0.3-1 0.3-1 0.5-1 0.5-1 No No No Yes Spreading blue, but also pink or white; best in part shade Carpet (Common) 0.5- Compact; Dense; Many cultivars available; spike-like flowers usually Ajuga reptans Bugle Evergreen No 0.75 0.3-1 0.5-1 0.5-1 Yes No No Yes Fast-spreading blue; prefers moist well-drained soils Arctostaphylos Flat; Dense; Broad Does well in adverse conditions, including sandy uva-ursi Bearberry Deciduous No 0.3 0.3-1 2-4 2-4 Yes No No Yes spreading soils; wet soil can cause root diseases Grows easily, including in shady areas; tolerates Aspidistra elatior Cast-iron Plant Evergreen No 1.5-2.5 1.5-3 2-3 2-3 Yes No No Yes Upright; Dense wide range of conditions; common house plant Dense; Ascending Requires rich, acidic soils; good for steep, sunny Calluna vulgaris Scotch Heather Evergreen No 0.3-2 0.3-2 2 2-3 No No No Yes branches slopes; fast-growing Low-growing; Cotoneaster Creeping Horizontal Best in well-drained soils; slow-growing; branches adpressus Cotoneaster Deciduous No 1-1.5 0.5-1.5 4-8 4-8 Yes No No Yes branches often form roots where they touch the ground Vigorous and fast growing; branches often form Cotoneaster Bearberry Low-growing; roots where they touch the ground; can become dammeri Cotoneaster Evergreen No 1.2 1-1.5 6 4-6 Yes No No Yes Spreading ragged with age 0.5- Low-growing; Avoid clay soils; prefers loamy soils; slow-growing; Erica carnea Spring Heath Evergreen No 0.75 0.5-1.5 1-2 1-3 No No No Yes Dense; Flowering needle-like leaves ***CAUTION*** Can escape cultivation; semi-evergreen; many Euonymus Wintercreeper 0.3- Mounded to cultivars available; does not do well in wet fortunei Euonymus Evergreen No 0.3-0.5 0.75 1 1 No No No Yes Climbing vine conditions Forsythia virdissima 0.75- Flat; Compact; Unusually low-growing cultivar of forsythia; twiggy 'Bronxensis' Bronx Forsythia Deciduous No 1-1.5 1.5 2-3 2-3 Yes No No Yes Low-spreading branches; produces yellow flowers in early spring ***CAUTION*** Can escape cultivation; does well on extreme Hypericum Low-growing; slopes; tolerates wide range of soils; large yellow calycinum St. John’s Wort Deciduous No 1-1.5 1-1.5 1.5-2 1.5-2 Yes No No Yes Spreading flowers; leaves used for medicinal purposes Low-growing; Semi-evergreen in colder climates; dense, flattened Iberis 0.75- Mounded; clusters of white flowers in March through May and sempervirens Candy Tuft Evergreen No 1.5 0.5-1.5 3-4 0.5-4 No No No Yes Spreading sometimes again from August until first frost Very adaptable, but susceptible to winter damage; Low; Dense; insect and disease prone; popular variety is 'Blue Juniperus conferta Shore Juniper Evergreen No 1-2 1-2 4-5 4-9 Yes No No Yes Spreading Pacific' Many cultivars available, including 'Blue Vase', 'Blue Juniperus Flat; Dense; Low- Chip', and 'Wilton'; does best in dry, sunny areas; horizontalis Creeping Juniper Evergreen No 1-2 0.5-2 3-4 3-10 Yes No No Yes spreading very adaptable Low-spreading; Stays low to the ground; prefers dry, sandy soil; Juniperus Dense; Ascending slow-growing; ‘Nana’ is a dwarf cultivar; blue-green procumbens Japanese Juniper Evergreen No 1.5-2.5 0.5-2.5 10-15 10-15 No No No Yes Yes branches needle-like foliage Groundcovers: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017

Vines: City of High Point Recommended Plant Materials Updated November 2017