Descriptions for these exotic species in Illinois will be added to the Web page as time allows for their development. A name followed by an asterisk (*) indicates that a description for that species can currently be found on the Web site. This list does not currently name all of the exotic species in the state, but it does show many of them. It will be updated regularly with additional information.
Microbes
viral hemorrhagic septicemia Novirhabdovirus sp.
West Nile virus Flavivirus sp.
Zika virus Flavivirus sp.
Fungi
oak wilt Ceratocystis fagacearum
chestnut blight Cryphonectria parasitica
Dutch elm disease Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and Ophiostoma ulmi
late blight Phytophthora infestans
white-nose syndrome Pseudogymnoascus destructans
butternut canker Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum
Plants
okra Abelmoschus esculentus
velvet-leaf Abutilon theophrastii
Amur maple* Acer ginnala
Norway maple Acer platanoides sycamore maple Acer pseudoplatanus
common yarrow* Achillea millefolium
Japanese chaff flower Achyranthes japonica
Russian knapweed Acroptilon repens
climbing fumitory Adlumia fungosa jointed goat grass Aegilops cylindrica
goutweed Aegopodium podagraria
horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum
fool’s parsley Aethusa cynapium
crested wheat grass Agropyron cristatum
wheat grass Agropyron desertorum
corn cockle Agrostemma githago
Rhode Island bent grass Agrostis capillaris
tree-of-heaven* Ailanthus altissima slender hairgrass Aira caryophyllaea
Geneva bugleweed Ajuga genevensis carpet bugleweed* Ajuga reptans mimosa Albizia julibrissin hollyhock Alcea rosea garlic mustard* Alliaria petiolata wild leek Allium ampeloprasum atroviolaceum onion Allium cepa spring onion Allium fistulosum leek Allium porrum garlic Allium sativum chives Allium schoenoprasum field garlic Allium vineale black alder Alnus glutinosa meadow foxtail Alopecurus pratensis
pale alyssum Alyssum alyssoides
tumbleweed Amaranthus albus sandhills amaranth Amaranthus arenicola purple amaranth Amaranthus cruentus
green pigweed Amaranthus hybridus
prince’s feather Amaranthus hypochondriacus
careless weed Amaranthus palmeri
tall amaranth Amaranthus powellii
rough pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus
spiny pigweed Amaranthus spinosus
sweet sultan Amberboa moschata
false ragweed Ambrosia tomentosa
broomweed Amphiachyris dracunculoides
tarweed Amsinckia lycopsoides
fiddleneck Amsinckia spectabilis
scarlet pimpernel Anagallis arvensis
pearly everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea
common alkanet Anchusa officinalis
sand bluestem Andropogon hallii
dill Anethum graveolens
anoda Anoda cristata
corn chamomile Anthemis arvensis
dog-fennel Anthemis cotula
yellow chamomile Anthemis tinctoria annual sweet grass Anthoxanthum aristatum sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum chervil Anthriscus cerefolium chervil Anthriscus sylvestris common snapdragon Antirrhinum majus garden columbine Aquilegia vulgaris mouse-ear cress Arabidopsis thaliana
Japanese angelica tree Aralia elata great burdock Arctium lappa common burdock Arctium minus cotton burdock Arctium tomentosum thyme-leaved sandwort Arenaria serpyllifolia white prickly poppy Argemone albiflora
Mexican poppy Argemone mexicana horseradish Armoracia rusticana tall oat grass Arrhenatherum elatius southern wormwood Artemisia abrotanum common wormwood Artemisia absinthium annual wormwood Artemisia annua biennial wormwood Artemisia biennis prairie sagebrush Artemisia frigida
Roman wormwood Artemisia pontica common mugwort Artemisia vulgaris arum Arum italicum giant reed Arundo donax showy milkweed Asclepias speciosa asparagus Asparagus officinalis madwort Asperugo procumbens expressway aster Aster subulatus
Tartarian aster Aster tataricus field milk vetch Astragalus agrestis silver orach Atriplex argentea smooth orach Atriplex glabriuscula garden orach Atriplex hortensis spear scale Atriplex patula red orach Atriplex rosea wild oats Avena fatua oats Avena sativa black horehound Ballota nigra costmary Balsamita major blue wild indigo Baptisia australis early winter cress Barbarea verna yellow rocket* Barbarea vulgaris blackberry lily* Belamcanda chinensis
English daisy Bellis perennis
Japanese barberry* Berberis thunbergii common barberry Berberis vulgaris hoary alyssum Berteroa incana
borage Borago officinalis
silver beardgrass Bothriochloa saccharoides
rayless aster Brachyactis ciliata
Indian mustard Brassica juncea rutabaga Brassica napus black mustard* Brassica nigra cabbage Brassica oleracea field mustard Brassica rapa big quaking grass Briza maxima chess Bromus arvensis rattlesnake chess Bromus briziformis
California brome Bromus carinatus rescue grass Bromus catharticus hairy chess Bromus commutatus erect brome grass Bromus erectus soft chess Bromus hordeaceus awnless brome grass Bromus inermis
Japanese chess Bromus japonicus brome grass Bromus marginatus chess Bromus racemosus smooth chess Bromus secalinus nodding bromus Bromus squarrosus brome grass Bromus sterilis downy chess Bromus tectorum
paper mulberry* Broussonetia papyrifera
ladies’ ear-drops Brunnichia ovata
buffalo grass Buchloe dactyloides
corn gromwell Buglossoides arvense
thoroughwax Buplerum rotundifolium
flowering rush Butomus umbellatus
feathertop Calamagrostis epigeios
reed grass Calamagrostis neglecta
poppy mallow Callirhoe digitata
poppy mallow Callirhoe involucrata
strawberry shrub* Calycanthus floridus
toothed evening primrose Calylophus serrulatus
Japaenese bindweed Calystegia hederacea
small-fruited false flax Camelina microcarpa
false flax Camelina sativa
clustered bellflower Campanula glomerata
European bellflower Campanula rapunculoides
Jack bean Canavalia ensiformis
marijuana Cannabis sativa
shepherd’s-purse Capsella bursa-pastoris
pea tree Caragana arborescens
hairy spring cress Cardamine hirsuta
hoary cress Cardaria draba
balloon-vine Cardiospermum halicacabum plumeless thistle Carduus acanthoides musk thistle* Carduus nutans
Nebraska sedge Carex nebrascensis sedge Carex praegracilis spicate sedge Carex spicata needleleaf sedge Carex stenophylla caraway Carum carvi
Chinese chestnut Castanea mollissima common catalpa Catalpa bignoniodes round-leaved bittersweet* Celastrus orbiculatus
American basket-flower Centaurea americana spotted knapweed* Centaurea biebersteinii purple star thistle Centaurea calcitrapa spreading star thistle Centaurea diffusa brown knapweed Centaurea jacea
Tyrolean knapweed Centaurea nigrescens black centaurea Centaurea nigra yellow star thistle Centaurea solstitialis shoey centaury Centaurium pulchellum mouse-eared chickweed Cerastium brachypetalum mouse-eared chickweed Cerastium diffusum mouse-eared chickweed Cerastium dubium clammy mouse-eared chickweed Cerastium glomeratum mouse-eared chickweed Cerastium pumilum mouse-eared chickweed Cerastium semidecandrum common mouse-eared chickweed Cerastium fontanum
Japanese quince Chaenomeles japonica dwarf snapdragon Chaenorrhinum minus
lion’s-tail Chaiturus marrubiastrum garden chamomile Chamaemelum nobile green creeping spurge Chamaesyce prostrata thyme-leaved spurge Chamaesyce serpyllifolia celandine Chelidonium majus lamb’s quarters Chenopodium album
Mexican tea Chenopodium ambrosioides good King Henry Chenopodium bonus-henricus
Jerusalem oak Chenopodium botrys
strawberry blite Chenopodium capitatum
oak-leaved goosefoot Chenopodium glaucum nettle-leaved goosefoot Chenopodium murale many-seeded goosefoot Chenopodium polyspermum aromatic goosefoot Chenopodium pumilio coast blite Chenopodium rubrum city goosefoot Chenopodium urbicum finger grass Chloris gayana windmill grass Chloris verticillata blue mustard Chorispora tenella chicory* Cichorium intybus Canada thistle* Cirsium arvense bull thistle Cirsium vulgare watermelon Citrullus lanatus virgin’s bower Clematis terniflora spider-flower Cleome hassleriana
Rocky Mountain bee plant Cleome serrulata wild basil Clinopodium vulgare blessed thistle Cnicus benedictus collomia Collomia linearis common day-flower Commelina communis small day-flower Commelina diffusa poison hemlock Conium maculatum hare’s-ear mustard Conringia orientalis rocket larkspur Consolida ajacis larkspur Consolida regalis lily-of-the-valley Convallaria majalis field bindweed Convolvulus arvensis ashy bindweed Convolvulus incanus
Coreopsis Coreopsis basalis large-flowered coreopsis Coreopsis grandiflora golden coreopsis Coreopsis tinctoria coriander Coriandrum sativum wart cress Coronopus didymus common cosmos Cosmos bipinnatus yellow cosmos Cosmos sulphureus
English hawthorn Crataegus monogyna hawksbeard Crepis capillaris narrow-leaved hawksbeard Crepis tectorum showy rattlebox Crotalaria spectabilis
Lindheimer’s croton Croton lindheimerianus
Texas croton Croton texensis
Crypsis Crypsis schoenoides cucumber Cucumis sativus
Missouri gourd Cucurbita foetidissima pear gourd Cucurbita pepo ovifera common quince Cydonia oblonga
Kenilworth ivy Cymbalaria muralis
Bermuda grass Cynodon dactylon common hound’s-tongue Cynoglossum officinale compressed flatsedge Cyperus compressus flatsedge Cyperus filicinus rice-field flatsedge Cyperus iria reflexed flatsedge Cyperus retrorsus orchard grass* Dactylis glomerata foxtail Dalea Dalea leporina purple jimsonweed Datura stramonium hairy jimsonweed Datura wrightii
Queen Anne’s lace* Daucus carota
small wild carrot Daucus pusillus
tansy mustard Descurainia pinnata brachycarpa
flixweed Descurainia sophia
pride-of-Rochester Deutzia scabra
Deptford pink* Dianthus armeria
sweet William Dianthus barbatus
maiden pink Dianthus deltoides
staggerweed Dicentra eximia ciliate crabgrass Digitaria ciliaris smooth crabgrass Digitaria ischaemum common crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis
Chinese yam* Dioscorea oppositifolia wall rocket Diplotaxis muralis sand rocket Diplotaxis tenuifolia common teasel* Dipsacus fullonum cut-leaved teasel* Dipsacus laciniatus salt grass Distichlis spicata
American dragonhead Dracocephalum parviflorum annual black-eyed Susan Dracopis amplexicaulis male fern Dryopteris filix-mas
Indian strawberry Duchesnea indica fetid marigold Dyssodia papposa jungle rice Echinochloa colonum barnyard grass Echinochloa crus-galli
globe thistle Echinops sphaerocephalus
viper’s bugloss Echium vulgare
giant waterweed Egeria densa
water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes
Russian olive Elaeagnus angustifolia
long-stalked oleaster Elaeagnus multiflora
autumn olive* Elaeagnus umbellata
small spikerush Eleocharis parvula
goose grass Eleusine indica
Macoun’s wild rye Elyhordium x macounii
squirrel-tail grass Elymus longifolius
western wheat grass Elytrigia dasystachya
quack grass Elytrigia repens hairy willow herb Epilobium hirsutum
helleborine Epipactis helleborine
stinking love grass Eragrostis cilianensis
weeping love grass Eragrostis curvula
western love grass Eragrostis diffusa
love grass Eragrostis minor
love grass Eragrostis neomexicana
love grass Eragrostis pilosa
winter aconite Eranthis hyemalis
Ravenna grass Erianthus ravennae
cup grass Eriochloa acuminata
prairie cup grass Eriochloa contracta
cup grass Eriochloa villosa
vernal Whitlow-grass Eriophila verna
storksbill Erodium cicutarium
garden rocket Eruca vesicaria
dog mustard Erucastrum gallicum
wormseed mustard Erysimum cheiranthoides small wormseed mustard Erysimum inconspicuum treacle mustard Erysimum repandum
California poppy Eschscholtzia californica
winged Euonymus* Euonymus alatus
European spindle tree Euonymus europaeus
wintercreeper* Euonymus fortunei
climbing Euonymus Euonymus kiautschovicus
cypress spurge Euphorbia cyparissias
leafy spurge Euphorbia esula
wart spurge Euphorbia helioscopia
spurge Euphorbia hexagona
caper spurge Euphorbia lathyris
snow-on-the-mountain Euphorbia marginata
petty spurge Euphorbia peplus
Ozark morning-glory Evolvulus nuttallianus buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum
sickleweed Falcaria vulgaris
black bindweed Fallopia convolvulus
tall fescue Festuca arundinacea
slender fescue Festuca filiformis
meadow fescue Festuca pratensis
red fescue Festuca rubra sheep fescue Festuca trachyphylla queen-of-the-meadow Filipendula ulmaria fennel Foeniculum vulgare strawberry Fragaria vesca cultivated strawberry Fragaria x ananassa glossy buckthorn* Frangula alnus
cottonweed Froelichia gracilis
umbrella grass Fuirena scirpoides
fumitory Fumaria officinalis
Gaillardia Gaillardia aristata
blanket-flower Gaillardia pulchella
red hemp nettle Galeopsis ladanum
common hemp nettle Galeopsis tetrahit
Peruvian daisy Galinsoga parviflora
Peruvian daisy Galinsoga quadrisulcata
white bedstraw Galium mollugo
yellow-flowered bedstraw Galium pedemontanum
yellow bedstraw Galium verum
small-flowered Gaura Gaura parviflora
gentian Gentiana septemfida purple cranesbill Geranium disectum
small cranesbill Geranium pusillum geranium Geranium sanguineum
Siberian cranesbill Geranium sibiricum
Gilia Gilia capitata
scarlet Gladiolus Gladiolus x colvillei
Peruvian vervain Glandularia peruviana
gill-over-the-ground* Glechoma hederacea
soybean Glycine max
wild licorice Glycyrrhiza lepidota low cudweed Gnaphalium uliginosum
cotton Gossypium hirsutum
Spanish gold Grindelia ciliata
gumweed Grindelia squarrosa
snakeweed Gutierrezia texana
baby’s breath Gypsophila elegans baby’s breath Gypsophila paniculata baby’s breath Gypsophila scorzonerifolia
English ivy* Hedera helix common sunflower Helianthus annuus ciliate sunflower Helianthus ciliaris
Maximilian’s sunflower Helianthus maximilianii ptioled sunflower Helianthus petiolaris
willow-leaved sunflower Helianthus salicifolius seaside heliotrope Heliotropium curassavicum
European heliotrope Heliotropium europaeum
Indian heliotrope Heliotropium indicum green hellebore Helleborus viridis orange day lily* Hemerocallis fulva yellow day lily Hemerocallis lilio-asphodelus purple rocket* Hesperis matronalis needle grass Heterostipa comata rose-of-Sharon Hibiscus syriacus flower-of-an-hour Hibiscus trionum orange hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum king devil Hieracium caespitosum golden lungwort Hieracium murorum velvet grass Holcus lanatus jagged chickweed Holosteum umbellatum meadow barley Hordeum brachyantherum
Mediterranean barley Hordeum geniculatum squirrel-tail grass Hordeum jubatum common barley Hordeum vulgare plantain lily Hosta lancifolia
Japanese hops Humulus japonicus black henbane Hyoscyamus niger common St. Johns-wort* Hypericum perforatum
smooth cat’s-ear Hypochaeris glabra rough cat’s-ear Hypochaeris radicata
American holly Ilex opaca elecampane Inula helenium red morning-glory Ipomoea coccinea ivy-leaved morning-glory Ipomoea hederacea common morning-glory Ipomoea purpurea standing cypress Ipomopsis rubra yellow iris Iris flavescens bearded iris Iris x germanica yellow iris* Iris pseudacorus dwarf iris Iris pumila
Dyer’s woad Isatis tinctoria
Burweed marsh elder Iva xanthifolia
Jacquemontia Jacquemontia tamnifolia black grass Juncus gerardii
Kallstroemia Kallstroemia parviflora yellow rose Kerria japonica canker-root Kickxia elatine bluebuttons Knautia arvensis
Kochia Kochia scoparia golden-rain tree Koelreuteria paniculata
Korean bush clover Kummerowia stipulacea
Japanese bush clover Kummerowia striata
showy blue lettuce Lactuca pulchella willow lettuce Lactuca saligna garden lettuce Lactuca sativa prickly lettuce Lactuca serriola gourd Lagenaria siceraria
henbit Lamium amplexicaule
spotted dead nettle Lamium maculatum
purple dead nettle Lamium purpureum
western stickseed Lappula occidentalis
two-ray stickseed Lappula squarrosa
nipplewort Lapsana communis
European larch Larix laricina
vetchling Lathyrus hirsutus
everlasting pea Lathyrus latifolius
sweet pea Lathyrus odoratus
yellow vetchling Lathyrus pratensis
tuberous vetchling Lathyrus tuberosus
fall dandelion Leontodon autumnalis
hawkbit Leontodon taraxicoides
motherwort Leonurus cardiaca
field pepper-grass Lepidium campestre
small pepper-grass Lepidium densiflorum
perfoliate pepper-grass Lepidium perfoliatum
stinking pepper-grass Lepidium ruderale
garden pepper-grass Lepidium sativum salt meadow grass Leptochloa acuminata one-nerved sprangletop Leptochloa uninervia bicolor Lespedeza Lespedeza bicolor sericea Lespedeza * Lespedeza cuneata
Asian bush clover Lespedeza daurica tall bush clover Lespedeza thunbergii slender bladderpod Lesquerella gracilis ox-eye daisy* Leucanthemum vulgare summer snowflake Leucojum aestivum beach rye Leymus arenarius dotted blazing-star Liatris punctata blunt-leaved privet Ligustrum obtusifolium common privet* Ligustrum vulgare tiger lily Lilium lancifolium tansy dogshade Limnosciadium pinnatum toadflax Linaria genistifolia dalmatica butter-and-eggs Linaria vulgaris flax Linum perenne common flax Linum usitatissimum grass-leaved lily Liriope spicatum common gromwell Lithospermum officinale sweet alyssum Lobularia maritima
Italian rye grass Lolium multiflorum
English rye grass Lolium perenne
Japanese honeysuckle* Lonicera japonica
Amur honeysuckle* Lonicera maackii
Morrow’s honeysuckle Lonicera morrowii
Manchurian honeysuckle Lonicera ruprechtiana
trumpet honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens
Standish’s honeysuckle Lonicera standishii
Tartarian honeysuckle Lonicera tatarica
showy fly honeysuckle Lonicera x bella
gold flame honeysuckle Lonicera x heckrotti
small-flowered fly honeysuckle Lonicera x minutiflora
common fly honeysuckle Lonicera x muendeniensis
bush honeysuckle Lonicera x muscaviensis honeysuckle Lonicera x notha
honeysuckle Lonicera x xylosteoides
European fly honeysuckle Lonicera xylosteum
bird’s-foot trefoil* Lotus corniculatus
deer vetch Lotus unifoliolatus
vegetable sponge Luffa cylindrica
silver-dollar plant Lunaria annua mullein pink Lychnis coronaria common matrimony vine Lycium barbarum
Chinese matrimony vine Lycium chinense tomato Lycopersicon esculentum
rough water horehound Lycopus asper water horehound Lycopus europaeus
surprise lily Lycoris radiata
white loosestrife* Lysimachia clethroides
moneywort Lysimachia nummularia
dotted loosestrife Lysimachia punctata
loosestrife Lysimachia vulgaris
purple loosestrife* Lythrum salicaria
plume poppy Macleaya cordata
Osage orange* Maclura pomifera
apple Malus pumila
Soulard crab apple Malus x soulardii
musk mallow Malva moschata
common mallow Malva neglecta
mallow Malva rotundifolia
high mallow Malva sylvestris
curly mallow Malva verticillata crispa
common horehound Marrubium vulgare
water-clover* Marsilea quadrifolia
pineapple-weed Matricaria discoidea
chamomile Matricaria recutita
stocks Matthiola incana
mazus Mazus pumilus
spotted medic Medicago arabica
yellow lucerne Medicago falcata black medic Medicago lupulina round medic Medicago orbicularis alfalfa Medicago sativa white sweet clover* Melilotus albus tall yellow sweet clover Melilotus altissimus yellow sweet clover* Melilotus officinalis balm Melissa officinalis chocolate-weed Melochia corchorifolia curly mint Mentha crispa spearmint Mentha spicata lemon mint Mentha x citrata little-leaved mint Mentha x gentilis peppermint Mentha x piperita apple mint Mentha x rotundifolia foxtail mint Mentha x villosa blazing-star Mentzelia decapetala lblazing-star Mentzelia nuda natal grass Microstegium vimineum
Microsteris Microsteris gracilis
white wild four-o-clock Mirabilis albida
garden four-o’clock Mirabilis jalapa
linear-leaved four-o-clock Mirabilis linearis wild four-o’clock Mirabilis nyctaginea
plume grass Miscanthus sacchariflorus
eulalia Miscanthus sinensis
lesser snapdragon Misopates orontium
carpetweed Mollugo verticillata
lemon mint Monarda citriodora
Oswego tea Monarda didyma
Poverty weed Monolepis nuttalliana
white mulberry Morus alba
scratch grass Muhlenbergia asperifolia
heavenly blue Muscari armeniacum
grape hyacinth Muscari botryoides
grape hyacinth Muscari comosum
blue bottles Muscari racemosum
common forget-me-not* Myosotis scorpoides
small-flowered forget-me-not Myosotis stricta
garden forget-me-not Myosotis sylvatica
giant chickweed Myosoton aquaticum
Amazon water milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum
naiad Najas marina
naiad Najas minor poet’s Narcissus Narcissus poeticus daffodil Narcissus pseudo-narcissus barkworth Nassella viridula water cress Nasturtium officinale
catnip* Nepeta cataria
ball mustard Neslia paniculata
apple-of-Peru Nicandra physalodes
long-flowered tobacco Nicotiana longiflora
wild tobacco Nicotiana rustica
love-in-a-mist Nigella damascena
yellow floating heart Nymphoides peltata
basil Ocimum basilicum
Missouri evening primrose Oenothera macrocarpa
white evening primrose Oenothera nuttallii
small-flowered evening primrose Oenothera parviflora
showy evening primrose Oenothera speciosa stemless evening primrose Oenothera triloba sainfoin Onobrychis viciifolia rest harrow Ononis campestris
Scotch thistle Onopordum acanthium
Star-of-Bethlehem Ornithogalum nutans star-of-Bethlehem Ornithogalum umbellatum broomrape Orobanche ramosa creeping wood sorrel Oxalis corniculata sourwood Oxydendrum arboreum broomcorn millet Panicum miliaceum poppy Papaver dubium corn poppy Papaver rhoeas
opium poppy Papaver somniferum
Santa Maria Parthenium hysterophorus
Boston ivy Parthenocissus tricuspidata
Dallis grass Paspalum dilatatum
parsnip* Pastinaca sativa
princess tree* Paulownia tomentosa
silvery-leaved scurf-pea Pediomelum argophyllum
fountain grass Pennisetum alopecuroides
large beardstongue Penstemon cobaea
slender beardstongue Penstemon gracilis wisconsinenis
beefsteak plant Perilla frutescens
creeping smartweed Persicaria cespitosa
water pepper Persicaria hydropiper
prince’s-feather Persicaria orientalis rough smartweed Persicaria scabra
lady’s thumb-print Persicaria vulgaris
sweet coltsfoot Petasites hybridus
saxifrage pink Petrorhagia saxifraga
white petunia Petunia axillaris
violet petunia Petunia violacea
garden petunia Petunia x hybrida
reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea
canary grass Phalaris canariensis
Amur cork tree* Phellodendron amurense sweet mock orange Philadelphus coronarius
scentless mock orange Philadelphus inodorus
downy mock orange Philadelphus pubescens timothy * Phleum pratense
moss-pink Phlox subulata
reed* Phragmites australis
hoary fog-fruit Phyla cuneifolia
leaf-flower Phyllanthus urinaria
Chinese lantern Physalis alkekengi
ground cherry Physalis angulata
ground cherry Physalis barbadensis
narrow-leaved ground cherry Physalis lanceolata
ground cherry Physalis longifolia
large-fruited ground cherry Physalis macrophysa
ground cherry Physalis pendula
tomatillo Physalis philadelphica
black spruce Picea mariana
bristly ox-tongue Picris echioides
cat’s-ear Picris hieracioides
Jack pine Pinus banksiana
shortleaf pine Pinus echinata
Austrian pine Pinus nigra
table mountain pine Pinus pungens
red pine Pinus resinosa pitch pine Pinus rigida
Scots pine* Pinus sylvestris loblolly pine* Pinus taeda
Virginia pine Pinus virginiana garden pea Pisum sativum bristly Plagiobothrys Plagiobothrys hirtus figuratus small plantain Plantago heterophylla buckhorn plantain* Plantago lanceolata common plantain Plantago major hoary plantain Plantago media salt-and-pepper plant Plantago patagonica whorled plantain Plantago psyllium red-seeded plantain Plantago rhodosperma salt marsh fleabane Pluchea odorata succulenta annual blue grass Poa annua
Texas blue grass Poa arachnifera plains blue grass Poa arida bulbous blue grass Poa bulbosa
Canadia blue grass Poa compressa woodland blue grass Poa nemoralis
Kentucky blue grass Poa pratensis meadow blue grass Poa trivialis
Polycnemum Polycnemum majus knotweed Polygonum arenastrum knotweed Polygonum neglectum white poplar Populus alba black poplar Populus nigra nigra
Lombardy poplar Populus nigra italic gray poplar Populus x canescens balm-of-Gilead Populus x gileadensis rose moss Portulaca grandiflora common purslane Portulaca oleracea curly pondweed Potamogeton crispus silvery cinquefoil Potentilla argentea gray cinquefoil Potentilla inclinata intermediate cinquefoil Potentilla intermedia sulfur cinquefoil* Potentilla recta creeping cinquefoil Potentilla reptans brook cinquefoil Potentilla rivalis proboscis-flower Proboscidea louisianica self-heal Prunella vulgaris apricot Prunus armeniaca sweet cherry Prunus avium pie cherry Prunus cerasus
Mahaleb cherry Prunus mahaleb
European bird cherry Prunus padus peach Prunus persica alkali grass Puccinellia distans
kudzu-vine* Pueraria lobata
ornamental pear Pyrus calleryana
pear Pyrus communis
Chinese pear Pyrus pyrifolia tall buttercup Ranunculus acris
spiny-fruited buttercup Ranunculus arvensis
bulbous buttercup Ranunculus bulbosus
lesser celandine Ranunculus ficaria
small-flowered buttercup Ranunculus parviflorus
creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens
buttercup Ranunculus sardous
wild radish Raphanus raphanistrum
radish Raphanus sativus
long-headed coneflower Ratibida columnifera
blowout grass Redfieldia flexuosa
Japanese wisteria Rehsonia floribunda
Chinese wisteria Rehsonia sinensis
Japanese knotweed* Reynoutria japonica
giant knotweed Reynoutria sachalinensis
white mignonette Reseda alba
common buckthorn* Rhamnus cathartica
Dahurian buckthorn Rhamnus davurica
Japanese buckthorn Rhamnus japonica
Chinese buckthorn Rhamnus utilis rhubarb Rheum rhaponticum jetbead * Rhodotypos scandens black currant Ribes nigrum buffalo currant Ribes odoratum red currant Ribes rubrum castor bean Ricinus communis bristly locust Robinia hispida black locust* Robinia pseudoacacia clammy locust Robinia viscosa creeping yellow cress Rorippa sylvestris dog rose Rosa canina sweet-brier Rosa eglanteria
French rose Rosa gallica small sweet-brier Rosa micrantha musk rose Rosa moschata multiflora rose* Rosa multiflora red-leaved rose Rosa rubrifolia rugose rose Rosa rugosa
Scotch rose Rosa spinosissima
Himalaya-berry Rubus discolor cultivated raspberry Rubus idaeus evergreen blackberry Rubus laciniatus purple-flowering raspberry Rubus odoratus wineberry Rubus phoenicolasius
large black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia grandiflora sour dock Rumex acetosella curly dock* Rumex crispus crested dock Rumex cristatus
dock Rumex longifolius
bitter dock Rumex obtusifolius
patience dock Rumex patientia
common rue Ruta graveolens
samphire Salicornia europaea
white willow Salix alba
goat willow Salix caprea
crack willow Salix fragilis
bay-leaved willow Salix pentandra
purple osier Salix pupurea
saltwort Salsola collina
Russian thistle Salsola tragus
blue sage Salvia azurea
wild sage Salvia nemorosa
meadow sage Salvia pratensis
Rocky Mountain sage Salvia reflexa
sage Salvia verticillata
garden burnet Sanguisorba minor
creeping zinnia Sanvitalia procumbens
bouncing Bet* Saponaria officinalis
summer savory Satureja hortensis mucronate bulrush Schoenoplectus mucronatus squill Scilla sibirica knawel Scleranthus annuus rye Secale cereale
crown vetch* Securigera varia
mossy stonecrop Sedum acre
rock stonecrop Sedum reflexum
yellow stonecrop Sedum sarmentosum
live-forever Sedum telephium
garden orpine Sedum x erythrostictum
stinking Willie Senecio jacobaea
sticky groundsel Senecio viscosus
common groundsel Senecio vulgaris
coffee senna Senna occidentalis
giant foxtail Setaria faberi
yellow foxtail Setaria glauca
Italian millet Setaria italica
bristly foxtail Setaria verticillata
green foxtail Setaria viridis
field madder Sherardia arvensis
prickly sida Sida spinosa
sweet william catchfly Silene armeria
glaucous campion Silene cserei
forked catchfly Silene dichotoma red campion Silene dioica night-flowering catchfly Silene noctiflora white campion Silene pratensis bladder campion* Silene vulgaris rosinweed Silphium speciosum tumble mustard Sisymbrium altissimum hedge mustard Sisymbrium loeselii hedge mustard* Sisymbrium officinale
Torrey’s horse-nettle Solanum dimidiatum bittersweet nightshade Solanum dulcamara silvery horse-nettle Solanum elaeagnifolium nightshade Solanum heterodoxum novomexicanum buffalo-bur Solanum rostratum hairy nightshade Solanum sarachoides cut-leaved nightshade Solanum triflorum potato Solanum tuberosum seaside goldenrod Solidago sempervirens field sow thistle Sonchus arvensis spiny sow thistle Sonchus asper common sow thistle Sonchus oleraceus
European mountain ash Sorbus aucuparia
Sorghum Sorghum bicolor
Johnson grass* Sorghum halepense
Sudan grass Sorghum sudanense
Columbus grass Sorghum x almum corn spurrey Spergula arvensis sand spurrey Spergularia media pink sand spurrey Spergularia rubra spiraea Spiraea japonica meadow-sweet Spiraea latifolia bridal-wreath Spiraea prunifolia common stichwort Stellaria graminea common chickweed Stellaria media sea blite Suaeda calceoliformis snowberry Symphoricarpos albus laevigatus common comfrey Symphytum officinale white mustard Synapis alba charlock Synapis arvensis common lilac Syringa vulgaris tamarisk Tamarix parviflora feverfew Tanacetum parthenium golden buttons* Tanacetum vulgare red-seeded dandelion Taraxacum erythrospermum common dandelion* Taraxacum officinale green thread Thelesperma megapotamicum penny cress Thlaspi arvense perfoliate penny cress Thlaspi perfoliatum sparrow weed Thymelaea annua thyme Thymus praecox
Tidestromia Tidestromia lanuginosa hedge parsley Torilis arvensis hedge parsley* Torilis japonica poison oak Toxicodendron pubsecens sand goat’s-beard* Tragopogon dubius salsify* Tragopogon porrifolius common goat’s-beard* Tragopogon pratensis puncture-weed Tribulus terrestris sour grass Trichachne insularis rabbit-foot clover Trifolium arvense yellow hop clover Trifolium aureum low hop clover Trifolium campestre little hop clover Trifolium dubium strawberry clover Trifolium fragiferum alsike clover* Trifolium hybridum crimson clover Trifolium incarnatum red clover* Trifolium pratense white clover Trifolium repens
Persian clover Trifolium resupinatum scentless chamomile Tripleurospermum perforatum wheat Triticum aestivum coltsfoot Tussilago farfara
southern cat-tail Typha domingensis
English elm Ulmus procera
Siberian elm* Ulmus pumila burning nettle Urtica urens cow herb Vaccaria hispanica garden heliotrope Valeriana officinalis corn salad Valerianella locusta moth mullein Verbascum blattaria clasping mullein Verbascum phlomoides mullein Verbascum speciosum
woolly mullein* Verbascum thapsus
mullein Verbascum virgatum
golden crownbeard Verbesina encelioides
corn speedwell Veronica arvensis
speedwell Veronica biloba
speedwell Veronica chamaedrys
ivy-leaved speedwell Veronica hederaefolia
garden speedwell Veronica longifolia
common speedwell Veronica officinalis
bird’s-eye speedwell Veronica persica
speedwell Veronica polita
thyme-leaved speedwell Veronica serpyllifolia
wayfaring tree Viburnum lantana
European high-bush cranberry Viburnum opulus
cow vetch* Vicia cracca
hairy-fruited vetch Vicia dasycarpa common vetch Vicia sativa winter vetch* Vicia villosa cow pea Vigna unguiculata large periwinkle Vinca major common periwinkle* Vinca minor black swallow-wort Vincetoxicum nigrum wild pansy Viola arvensis
sweet violet Viola odorata
Johnny-jump-up Viola rafinesquii
wild pansy Viola tricolor
pansy Viola x wittrockiana
Labruscan grape Vitis labruscana
bromelike fescue Vulpia bromoides
foxtail fescue Vulpia myuros
spiny cocklebur Xanthium spinosum
yucca Yucca smalliana
corn Zea mays
southern wild rice Zizaniopsis miliacea
Zoysia Zoysia japonica
Animals
Invertebrates
Coelenterates – Hydrozoans freshwater hydroid Cordylophora caspia
freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbyi
Mollusks
faucet snail Bithynia tentaculata
Chinese mystery snail Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata
Asian clam* Corbicula fluminea zebra mussel* Dreissena polymorpha quagga mussel Dreissena rostriformis bugensis
New Zealand mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum
Crustaceans a scud Apocorophium lacustre
Japanese fishlouse Argulus japonicas a water flea Bosmina coregoni spiny water flea* Bythotrephes longimanus fishhook waterflea Cercopagis pengoi a waterflea Daphnia lumholtzi a scud Echinogammarus ischnus
a copepod Eurytemora affinis
an amphipod Gammarus tigrinus
bloody red shrimp Hemimysis anomala
rusty crayfish* Orconectes rusticus
red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii a shrimp Taphromysis louisianae
Worms southern worm* Aporrectodea trapezoides nightcrawler* Lumbricus terrestris woodland white worm* Octolasion tyrtaeum
Insects eastern spruce gall Adelges abietis emerald ash borer* Agrilus planipennis peach twig borer Anarsia lineatella soybean aphid Aphis glycines honey bee* Apis mellifera golden oak scale Asterolecanium variolosum pear sawfly Caliroa cerasi maple petiole borer Caulocampus acericaulis larch casebearer Coleophora laricella poplar and willow borer Cryptorhynchus lapathi
Asiatic oak weevil Cyrtepistomus castaneus
San Jose scale Diaspidiotus perniciosus introduced pine sawfly Diprion similis linden aphid Eucallipterus tiliae elm leafminer Fenusa ulmi gypsy moth Lymantria dispar brown marmorated stinkbug Halyomorpha halys mimosa webworm Homadaula anisocentra oystershell scale Lepidosaphes ulmi European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer elm flea weevil Orchestes alni
Norway maple aphid Periphyllus lyropictus woolly beech aphid Phyllaphis fagi imported willow leaf beetle Plagiodera versicolora
Japanese beetle* Popillia japonica larch sawfly Pristiphora erichsonii mountain ash sawfly Pristiphora geniculata
European pine shoot moth Rhyacionia buoliana
European elm bark beetle Scolytus multistriatus banded elm bark beetle Scolytus schevyrewi pear thrips Taeniothrips inconsequens
Chinese mantis Tenodera aridifolia introduced basswood thrips Thrips calcaratus pine shoot beetle Tomicus piniperda poplar sawfly Trichiocampus viminalis elm leafbeetle Xanthogaleruca luteola
Vertebrates
Fishes alewife Alosa pseudoharengus goldfish* Carassius auratus grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella common carp* Cyprinus carpio tiger muskie Esox lucius x Esox masquinongy muskellunge* Esox masquinongy threespine stickleback* Gasterosteus aculeatus
Rio Grande cichlid Herichthys cyanoguttatus
silver carp* Hypophthalmichthys molitrix hybrid silver/bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix x nobilis bighead carp* Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
Oriental weatherfish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus striped bass* Morone saxatilis black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus
round goby Neogobius melanostomus
coho salmon* Oncorhynchus kisutch rainbow trout* Oncorhynchus mykiss
Chinook salmon* Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax
sea lamprey* Petromyzon marinus
pirapatinga Piaractus brachypomus
brown trout* Salmo trutta
brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis
lake trout Salvelinus namaycush
Reptiles
eastern collared lizard Crotaphytus collaris
Mediterranean gecko Hemidactylus turcicus
Birds
cattle egret* Bubulcus ibis
rock pigeon* Columba livia
mute swan* Cygnus olor house finch* Haemorhous mexicanus
monk parakeet Myiopsitta monachus house sparrow* Passer domesticus
Eurasian tree sparrow Passer montanus gray partridge Perdix perdix ring-necked pheasant* Phasianus colchicus
Eurasian collared-dove Streptopelia decaocto
European starling* Sturnus vulgaris
Mammals feral dogs Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus feral house cats Felis catus
house mouse* Mus musculus
brown rat* Rattus norvegicus
western harvest mouse Reithrodontomys megalotis
feral hogs Sus scrofa