Portugal E a Reconfiguração Do Império (C.1808 - C.1850)

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Portugal E a Reconfiguração Do Império (C.1808 - C.1850) UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTÓRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA ECONÔMICA DO NEXO FELIZ AO NOVO BRASIL: PORTUGAL E A RECONFIGURAÇÃO DO IMPÉRIO (C.1808 - C.1850) Versão Corrigida DOUTORADO NATALIA TAMMONE São Paulo 2019 NATALIA TAMMONE DO NEXO FELIZ AO NOVO BRASIL: PORTUGAL E A RECONFIGURAÇÃO DO IMPÉRIO (C.1808 - C.1850) Versão Corrigida Tese de doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Econômica para obtenção do título de Doutor em História Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Vera Lucia Amaral Ferlini São Paulo 2019 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. Catalogação na Publicação Serviço de Biblioteca e ocumentação Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo Tammone, Natalia T153 DO NEXO FELIZ AO NOVO BRASIL: PORTUGAL E A RECONFIGURAÇÃO DO IMPÉRIO (C.1808 - C.1850) / Natalia Tammone ; orientadora Vera Lucia Amaral Ferlini. - São Paulo, 2019. 303 f. 1. Africa. 2. Portugal. 3. Colonizacao. I. Ferlini, Vera Lucia Amaral, orient. II. Título. AGRADECIMENTOS Escrever uma tese de doutorado não é uma tarefa fácil. Para mim, teria sido impossível sem a ajuda e companheirismo de muitas pessoas. Ao longo dos quase quinze anos de Universidade de São Paulo tive o privilégio, não só de estudar em uma grande instituição, mas de contar com amigos e professores que me acompanharam nessa jornada. À Profª Vera Ferlini, que me acolheu nos primeiros meses da graduação e desde então tem estado presente, guiado meus caminhos e me orientado na vida acadêmica e fora dela. Ao longo de todos esses anos, a professora Vera sempre foi o porto seguro a quem recorri em todos os momentos. Espero contar com o privilégio de sua amizade e companheirismo sempre. Muito obrigada, professora. Estendo o agradecimento ao João Flávio Ferlini, que me recebeu no convívio de sua família. Ao Prof. José Jobson de Andrade Arruda agradeço por todo o apoio, desde a escolha do tema de iniciação científica, na definição dos caminhos do mestrado e por estar presente em minha qualificação de doutorado, juntamente com o Prof. Dr. Alexandre Saes. Agradeço à querida Manuela Balestra pelos abraços apertados e os conselhos certeiros, que sempre me guiaram a bom porto depois das tempestades. Sua amizade e carinho são dos presentes que levo com mais ternura da Universidade. Ao Luís Otávio, amigo de todas as horas, agradeço pelo companheirismo, pelo cuidado, pela disponibilidade, por ter me acompanhado nas viagens e nas aventuras ultramarinas, por ficar do meu lado quando estive doente. Ao Rodrigo Ricupero sou grata pela generosidade com que sempre me acolheu nos momentos difíceis, me ensinando os caminhos da vida acadêmica e me incentivando a continuar, mesmo quando achava que não tinha forças. Ao Eduardo Januário, agradeço pelo carinho, pela cumplicidade e por estar sempre disposto a discutir as pesquisas, a USP, os nossos caminhos e nossas diferenças. Ao Artur Modolo, agradeço por todo o companheirismo ao longo dos últimos anos, por me ensinar tanto e por me ajudar a ter coragem e perseverança. Sem os amigos, nada seria possível. Agradeço aos queridos Thiago Alves Dias, Eduardo Peruzzo, Bruno Vilagra, Danuza Valim, Leonardo Saad, Marco Micheli, Eduardo Ramos e Vivian Krauss pelo companheirismo, por nossos jantares e almoços, pelas risadas, pelos conselhos e estímulos nesses últimos anos. Em especial, agradeço ao Marcelo Candido da Silva e Ana Paula Torres Megiani, pela amizade e carinho em nosso convívio cotidiano. Na Cátedra Jaime Cortesão passei grande parte dos últimos anos. Além de centro de pesquisa de excelência na área de História Ibérica, a cátedra é minha segunda casa, local em que sempre fui bem recebida. Agradeço à Patrícia Machado, Tathianni Cristini da Silva, Pedro Puntoni, Fernando Novais, Francisco Carlos Palomanes Martinho, Iris Kantor, Avanete Pereira da Sousa, Joana Monteleone, Lélio Luiz de Oliveira, Lucas Jannoni Soares, Pablo Oller Mont Serrath, Paulo Cesar Gonçalves, Rosângela Ferreira Leite, Maximiliano Mac Menz, Eni de Mesquita Samara (in memoriam) e Beatriz Pacheco Jordão que estiveram sempre presentes ao longo dos anos e contribuíram de diversas maneiras para a elaboração deste trabalho. Aos amigos do grupo de pesquisa Economia e Política dos Impérios Ibéricos, agradeço pelas discussões e leituras, que muito contribuíram para a forma final do trabalho que agora se apresenta. Em Portugal, agradeço ao Prof. Dr. Nuno Gonçalo Monteiro, que orientou o trabalho durante minha estadia em Lisboa, contribuindo muito com a forma final do trabalho, sempre me instigando a navegar entre as correntes de pensamento historiográfico. Ao Prof. Dr. João Carlos Garcia, agradeço pelo carinho com que sempre me recebeu e, sobretudo, por nossas “excursões geográficas”. Ao Prof. Joaquim Romero de Magalhães (in memoriam) agradeço pela acolhida paternal ao longo de todos os anos de universidade. Além de um grande acadêmico, o Prof. Romero sempre foi um amigo atencioso, que me apresentou aos sebos, aos arquivistas e aos restaurantes lisboetas. Agradeço ainda aos Profs. José Luis Cardoso, Miguel Faria, José Amado Mendes, Diogo Ramada Curto, Ângela Domingues e Madalena Mira pelo diálogo e acolhida. Agradeço aos funcionários do Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino, da Biblioteca Nacional e da Torre do Tombo, nas pessoas do Sr. Sintra, do Sr. Jorge e da Sra. Beatriz Peralta, pela disponibilidade e recepção generosa durante minha pesquisa. Faltam-me palavras para agradecer a minha família. Meus pais, João Tammone Neto e Maria Jocely O. Tammone são meus alicerces, sem os quais não teria força e estrutura nem para começar essa jornada. Aos meus irmãos - biológicos e do coração - Camila Tammone, Giovanni Tammone, Larissa Uemura e Marcos Vinícius Corsini Pereira, agradeço por toda a força que sempre me deram em todos os projetos, pelo companheirismo e pela certeza inabalável de que estou amparada e que estamos juntos, não importa os caminhos que a vida nos traga. Ao Gilmar Schardosim, que chegou em um momento tão difícil, agradeço pela força, pelo afeto e pela paciência de conviver com uma doutoranda a beira de um ataque de nervos. Agradeço a essa família linda pelo amor incondicional, pela companhia e pela certeza de poder contar com vocês, hoje e sempre. À FAPESP, agradeço a bolsa concedida, tanto no país, como no BEPE, sem as quais seria inviável a realização da pesquisa que ora se apresenta (2013/25044-0). Ai, esta terra ainda vai cumprir seu ideal Ainda vai tornar-se um Império Colonial Francisco Buarque de Hollanda RESUMO Os anos finais do século XVIII e a primeira metade do século XIX constituem período de grandes transformações políticas e econômicas para Portugal. O sistema colonial então vigente passou por transformações em sua estrutura, adaptando-se à crescente necessidade de matérias primas e mercados consumidores da Europa, configurando uma relação de complementariedade com a metrópole, definida pelos cronistas da época como “nexo feliz”. As invasões napoleônicas e a abertura dos portos brasileiros modificaram drasticamente esse panorama: com a sede do Império no Rio de Janeiro, as relações entre suas partes deveriam obedecer a essa nova lógica de complementariedade econômica centrada na América. O retorno da corte para Portugal, a Revolução do Porto e a independência do Brasil alteraram novamente esse panorama. A perda do Brasil deixou Portugal sem o centro de suas relações econômicas. Buscou-se, então, ressignificar as possessões africanas, para fazer delas um “novo Brasil” que ocupasse a posição de mercado consumidor e fornecedor de matérias primas da antiga colônia. Este trabalho objetiva mostrar a passagem da ideia de “nexo feliz” à ideia de “novo Brasil” em três níveis: nas ideias econômicas veiculadas pela intelectualidade lusa à época, nos debates políticos encetados nas câmaras do parlamento português e nas correspondências com os governadores coloniais. Ressalta-se a discrepância existente entre os discursos e ideias sobre a colonização e as políticas e resultados práticos obtidos, usando como exemplo a província de Angola, maior colônia portuguesa no período. ABSTRACT The final years of the eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century constitute a period of great political and economic transformation for Portugal. The Colonial System then in effect underwent transformations in its structure, adapting to the growing need of raw materials and consumer markets of Europe, forming a relation of complementarity with the metropolis, defined by chroniclers of the time as "happy nexus". The Napoleonic invasions and the opening of Brazilian ports drastically modified this panorama: with the headquarters of the Empire in Rio de Janeiro, the relations between its parts should obey this new logic of economic complementarity centered in America. The return of the court to Portugal, the Oporto Revolution and the independence of Brazil changed again this panorama. The loss of Brazil left Portugal without the center of its economic relations. It was therefore sought to re- signify African possessions, to make them a "new Brazil" that would occupy the position of consumer market and supplier of raw materials of the former colony. This work aims to show the passage from the idea of "happy nexus" to the idea of "new Brazil" in three levels: in the economic ideas conveyed by the Portuguese intelligentsia at the time, in the
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