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Sprinklers in Japanese Road Tunnels Final Report Chiyoda Engineering

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Sprinklers in Japanese Road Tunnels Final Report Chiyoda Engineering Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat Directoraat -Generaal Rijkswaterstaat ~ T Bouwdienst Rijkswaterstaat Sprinklers in Japanese Road Tunnels Final Report Dece ber 2001 Chiyoda Engineering Consultants Co.,Ltd. Bouwdienst Rijkswaterstaat Directoraat-Generaal Rijkswaterstaat Ministry of Transport, The Netherlands Sprinklers in Japanese Road Tunnels Final Report December 2001 Chiyoda Engineering Consultants Co.,Ltd. Project Report BFA-10012 SPRINKLERS IN JAPANESE ROAD TUNNELS By: Rob Stroeks Head Office Teehulcal Department Chiyoda Engineering Consultants Co.,ltd. Tokyo, Japan Prepared for: Bouwdienst Rijkswaterstaat (RWS) Directoraat-Generaal Rijkswaterstaat Ministry of Transport, The Netherlands This report is prepared by Chiyoda on request by RWS and is based on information from existing publlshed literature, interviews with personnet of related organizations and site visits. This report is not an official publication by any Japanese authority. The text herein is prepared to represent as goed as possible the customs and experiences with sprinklers in Japanese tunnels. lts contents and wordings are verified with the interviewed organizations, but the following is noted: • in case of discrepancy hetween the original text of Japanese llterature and the (translated or interpreted) English text in this report, the originai Japanese text appëes, • The interviewed or visited organizations are not to be held responslble for any such discrepancies. Contents Contents i Acknowledgement. iv Abbreviations v 1 introduction ................................................................................•.................................... 1 1 - 1 Background ............................................................................................................•........ 1 1 - 2 Purpose and outline of investigation ..............................................•............................... 4 2 Japanese Guidelines 5 2 - 1 Introduction 5 2 - 1 - 1 Generai 5 2 1 - 2 Development of guidelines tor road tunnel safety facilities 7 2 - 1 - 3 General description of guidelines and position of sprinklers 10 1) MOUT ...............................................................................................•...........................10 2) JH 13 3) MEPC 18 4) HEPC 23 2 - 1 - 4 Oevelopments of specifications and guidelines tor sprinklers 24 2 2 Basic desoriptions and purpose of sprinklers 27 1) MOLIT 27 2) JH ; 27 3) MEPC 28 4) HEPC 28 2 3 Specifications 28 2 - 3 1 Basic requlremsnts 28 2 - 3 - 2 Design specifications .....•.................................................................................. ,.,..28 1) MOLIT 30 2) JH 30 3) MEPC , , 34 4) HEPC , , , 35 2 - 4 Operatien specifications , 35 1) MOLIT , 35 2) JH 36 3) MEPC 38 4) HEPC 39 2 - 4 - 1 Maintenance specifications ,.. 39 1) MOllT,................................................................•..........................................................39 2) JH 40 3) MEPC '" 40 4) HEPC 40 3 Quality control , 41 3 - 1 Production stage 41 3 - 2 Operation stage (maintenance) 41 3 - 2 - 1 Description of maintenance 41 3 - 2 - 2 Criteria for replacement I repair 44 3 - 2 - 3 Measurement vehicle for sprinkler maintenance 44 4 Background and experience 47 4 - 1 General 47 4 - 2 From authority point of view ............................................................................•............ 47 4-2-1 Generai , 47 4-2-2 Research and development 47 4-2-3 Quality control. 48 1:: Q.0 a::Cl> 4-2 4 inspeeton ' 48 äi c: ü: 4-2-5 Experience with sprinklers during normal tunnel operatien 49 -0 lii c c: ~ 4 2-6 Experience with sprinklers during tunnel fire '"'" 49 i 0 a:: 4-2-7 Technical issues 50 3l (Il C <ll Q. Recent developments 51 ...•<ll 4-2-8 .5 e ~ .&c: ii VJ 4 - 3 From manufacturer point of view "",'., .., ,.",., .."' ..'.",,,,' , 52 5 Examples 54 5 - 1 Sprinkler head 54 1) Rectangular (2 lane) 54 2) Rectangular (2lane + extra width) " 56 3) Horse shoe (2Iane) , , ' , , , ,•........, 58 4) Horse shoe (2 lane + extra width) 60 5 - 2 Automatic valve .....................•..................................................•................................... 62 5 - 3 Layout 64 APPEN DIX A: Questionnaires 65 A-i Tunnel authority ..........•................................•...~.............................•................................. 65 A-2 Manufacturer ......................................................................•........................................... 67 APPENDIX B: .List of fire experiments 69 APPENDIX C: Example of actlvities flow in case of tunnel fire .........•.................................. , 71 APPENDIX D:lnspection , , , , , ,., 72 D-1 Introduction , " , , , 72 D-1-1 Outline of tunnel , 72 D-1-2 Outiine of preparaäons tor inspection 75 D-1-3 Outllne of inspeetion ,..,.., , ,."." .. 76 D-2 Report of visit to inspection ,..........•......................................... ,.., , , 77 D-2-1 Observations 77 APPENDIX E: Early reports on tunnel fire tests , , 86 E-1 Experiment on Fire Safety Facilities of Meishin Expressway Tunnel... , 86 E-2 Report on Road Tunnel Fire Test 90 APPENDIX F Nominal inner diameter , , , 93 Uterature 94 iii AcknowJedgement We herewith express our gratitude to the persennel from the Dutch Ministry of Transport, Pubäc Works and Water Management, especially the Civil Engineering Divi:sion of the Directorate General Rijkswaterstaat, to invite us to carry out the underlying investigation. Their assistance with advlee and comments, as weU as their kind cooperation during the teehnical·meetings has been an indispensable part of this investigation. At the same time we express our gratitude to the personnel from the Japanese organizations that have kindly offered their views and information necessary tor this investigation, especially the Metropolitan Expressway Public Corporation, the Japan Highway Public Corporation and Nohmi Bosai Ltd. iv Abbreviations A Nominal inner diameter OF pipes (see further APPENDIX F) Chiyoda Chiyoda Engineering Consultants Co.,Ud. EHRF Expressway Highway Research Foundation OF Japan (affiliated to JH) HONSHI Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Public Corporation ITA International Tunneling Association JH Japan Highway Pubüc Corporation JHRI Japan Highway Research Institute JRA Japan Raad Association MEPC MetropoHtan Expressway Public Corporation MOC (former) Ministry OF Construction MOUT Ministry OF Land Infrastructure AND Transport MOT (former) Ministry OF Transport Nohmi Nohmi Bosai Ltd. OECD Organisation for Economie Oo-operatlon AND Development PIARC Wood Road Association PWRI Public Works Research lnstitute (formerly affiliated to MOC, now independent) RWS Rijkswaterstaat (Dutch Ministry OF Transport AND Water Management) t:: c.0 cclil 1i'i <: u::- ~<: <: F! 1:1 <ti cc0 lil LIL c o,<ti ...,<ti .5 e al 32 V "§..<: ffJ 1 lntroductlon 1 - 1 Background Since many years, the issue of fire safety in road tunnels is being discussed and investigated in The NetherIands. One of the main reasens for thisis theimportance of road tunnels in the transportationof goods through The Netherlands inits function as import harbot for Europe through theharbors of Rotterdamand Amsterdam. Focus is placed on the supply of an infrastructure for transportation with as tew Iimitations aspossible. Within this context road tunnels require special attention in order to aIJowa broad range ofgoods,including dangerous goods, with the highestpossible safety level. The discussiorrabout raad tunnel safety in The Netherlands is also based on the type of tunnels it operatee. Because of the large number of waterwaysin the country, a corresponding large nurnber of crossings exist, and whereas the principal crossing cansists -ot bridge structures, the heavy traffic on these waterways have also lead toa well-established .custom in the construction of tunnels. The very fact that most Dutch tunnels are underwatar tunnels· based on a concrete structure (Iil1ing)increases the impact in case of structural problems (inthe worst case coäapse), and underlineslhe neca$$ity for additional safetyrneasures. A third reasonfor ihe awareness ·about fire·and road tunnel safety is basad on experience with tunnelaccidel'1ts, in The Netherlands andabroad. Sioce two serious tunnelfire accidents occurred in 1999· in .theMonf Blanc Tunl1el (Fl"ance/ltaly) and the· Tauem Tunnel. (Austria) .and Ihe most recent fire accidents in the Gleinalm Tunnel (Austria, August 2001) and the Gotthard Tunnel (Switzerland, October 2001), this discussion is increasinglyattracting attention. One of the items in discussion at the moment about fire safety in road tunnels is the use of sprinklers. At present, sprinklers are intemationally not recommended for road tunnels. For example, the·1999 PIARC Committee on Road··Tunneis states the following recommendations about sprinklers 1: "\11.3.4.3 Recommendations 1: 8. No European country uses sprinklers on a regular basis. In some tunnels in Europe Gl 0: ~ sprinklers have been used 101" special·purposes. In Japan sprinklers ara used in tunnels u:: "m with important length or traffic to cool down vehicles onflte.· In the Umled States only a 1ii c: ~ tew tunnels carrying hazardous cargo have sorne torrn of sprinkler. The reasen why most ~ countries do not use sprinklers in tunnels is that most fires start in the motor room or in I thecompartment, and sprinldersareof na use tillthefire IS open. Sprinklerscanbeused, ~ however, to cool down vehicles, to stop the fire trom spreading to other vehicles (i.e. to ,E !'.! Gl 32 c:: '§. 1 PIARC, Fira and Smoke Control
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