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Lau Watershed Project Area, Maiwut County, Southern Sudan INTERIM

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Lau Watershed Project Area, Maiwut County, Southern Sudan INTERIM Eastern Nile Technical Regional Office WATERSHED MANAGEMENT FAST TRACK PROJECT, SUDAN Lau Watershed Project Area, Maiwut County, Southern Sudan INTERIM REPORT Draft Interim Report Stockholm April 2008 SWECO International AB Project No. 1989151300 ra02e 2005-01-17 Abbreviations ACORD Agency for Corporation on Research and Development CBO Community Based Organisation CIF Community Initiative Fund CLMP Community land use management and development plans CPA Comprehensive Peace Agreement DNP Dinder National Park Development and Natural Resource Management DNRMC Committee EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ENSAP Eastern Nile Subsidiary Action Programme ENTRO Eastern Nile Technical Regional Office FTWMP Fast Track Watershed Management Project GONU Government of National Unity GOS Government of Sudan GOSS Government of Southern Sudan ICRISAT IDP Internally Displaced Population IWM&D Integrated Watershed Management and Development IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management LGRP Local Government Recovery Programme LIU Local Implementation Unit M&E Monitoring and Evaluation NGOs Nongovernmental Organisation NIP Nile Interdevelopment Program NPA Norwegian Peoples Aid O&M Operation and Maintenance PCU Project Coordination Unit PIU project Implementation Unit PRA Participatory Rural Assessment PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper RRP Recovery and Rehabilitation Programme SSP Support to States Programme SSRCC Southern Sudan Recovery Coordination Committee UNCHR United Nations Commission for Human Rights UNDP United Nations development Programme WFP World Food Programme WRDM Water Resources Development and Management ra02e 2005-01-17 Eastern Nile Technical Regional Office Watershed Management Fast Track Project, Sudan i (51) 2008 Project 1989151; Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Report Structure 1 1.2 The Overall Project 1 1.3 Lau Watershed Project Area in Southern Sudan 4 2 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AREA AND TARGET GROUPS 4 2.1 Administrative Borders 4 2.2 Biophysical 6 2.2.1 Physiography 6 2.2.2 Climate 6 2.2.3 Soils 6 2.2.4 Hydrogeology 7 2.2.5 Water Resources 7 2.2.6 Landcover and Biodiversity 9 2.2.7 Infrastructure 11 2.3 Target groups and socio-economic context 12 2.3.1 Population 12 2.3.2 Livelihood systems 13 2.3.3 Poverty and Status of food security 14 2.3.4 Access to basic services 15 2.3.5 Gender Aspects 16 2.3.6 Prevalence of Conflicts 17 2.3.7 Stakeholder interests 18 2.3.8 Environmental Threats 18 3 INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT 19 3.1 General Governance system 19 3.1.1 Priorities and Challenges 19 3.2 Upper Nile State and Maiwut County 21 3.2.1 Priorities and Challenges 21 3.3 Maiwut County 21 3.3.1 Priorities and Challenges 22 3.4 Project Governance Capacity and Post-conflict context 23 3.5 Beneficiary organisations, civil society and traditional leadership 23 3.6 Nongovernmental Organisation and Parallel projects 23 4 PRIORITY INTERVENTIONS 26 4.1 Area Specific Project Objective 26 ra02e 2005-01-17 Eastern Nile Technical Regional Office Watershed Management Fast Track Project, Sudan ii (51) 2008 Project 1989151; 4.2 Project Components 26 4.2.1 Component 1: Institutional Strengthening 26 4.2.2 Component 2: Provision of Basic Services 28 4.2.3 Component 3: Livelihood Support 30 4.2.4 Component 4: Project Management 36 5 THE PROJECT CYCLE 37 5.1 Promotion 37 5.2 Application 38 5.3 Pre-selection 39 5.4 Proposal Formulation 39 5.5 Appraisal 40 5.6 Implementation with Community Support 40 5.7 Operations and Maintenance 41 5.8 Monitoring and Evaluation 42 6 KEY ISSUES AND IMPLICATIONS ON PROJECT DESIGN 44 6.1 Key Issues Summary 44 6.2 Implication for Participatory approach 45 6.3 Implications for project management 47 6.3.1 Beneficiary Organizations 49 6.4 Project Components and Financing 51 6.5 Economic Analysis 51 ANNEXES: 1. Project Stakeholder Matrix 2. Water Interventions Interim Report 3. Agricultural Interim Report 4. Social and Environmental Assessment Interim Report 5. Institutional Assessment Interim Report 6. Financial and Economic Analysis 7. Outline Project Logframe ra02e 2005-01-17 Eastern Nile Technical Regional Office Watershed Management Fast Track Project, Sudan iii (51) 2008 Project 1989151; 1 Introduction 1.1 Report Structure This Interim Report forms a part of the detailed preparation of the Fast Track Watershed Management Project (FTWMP) in Lau which is scheduled to be finalised in June 2008 and result in a Project Implementation Plan. The project preparation process is undertaken by a consultant consortium composed of SWECO International (Sweden) and Ahfad University for Women (Sudan) The FTWMP Interim Report for Lau Watershed Project Area is structured as follows. After a short introduction of the overall project and the Lau watershed project background, a detailed description of project area, target groups as well as the institutional context is provided. Based on this background, the next sections of the document make recommendations for the priority interventions and the participatory approach. This is followed by a section discussing key issues and implications on project design, implementation structure and supporting institutions. To this Summary Interim Report is attached a number of subject matter reports as described in the Table of Contents. 1.2 The Overall Project The Fast Track Watershed Management Project in Sudan has emerged from regional cooperation and is focused on national implementation to achieve regional objectives. The detailed preparation of land and water management initiatives and project governance framework was undertaken during 2007-8 and entailed an iterative consensus building process among the stakeholders namely at federal, state, local and community levels. The detailed project preparation process was coordinated by a consultant consortium composed of SWECO International (Sweden), COWI (Denmark) and Afhad University (Sudan) and resulted in the Project Implementation Plan as presented in this document. The long-term project development goal of the FTWMP in Sudan is the same as the goal stated in the Project Identification Document (PID) for ENSAP regional cooperation on watershed management and approved by the Eastern Nile Council of Ministers in March 2001, namely: “Ensure efficient water management and optimal use of the resources through the equitable utilization and no significant harm; ensure cooperation and joint action between the Eastern Nile Countries seeking win-win goals; target poverty eradication and promote economic development; and to ensure that ENSAP results in a move from planning to 1 action” ra02e 2005-01-17 Eastern Nile Technical Regional Office Watershed Management Fast Track Project, Sudan 1 (51) 2008 Project 1989151; The specific objective of the Watershed FTP in Sudan is to: Stimulate, support and demonstrate alternative livelihood practises and local governance systems that contribute to poverty reduction and environmental sustainability During 2007 the detailed preparation for the watershed management fast track project was undertaken for three pre-selected project sites, explicitly: (i) Lower Atbara in Nile State, (ii) the Bau Locality in Blue Nile State and (iii) Dinder National Park and surroundings bordering the three states Gedarif, Sennar and Blue Nile. The three areas have different characteristics and needs and are located within different ecological zones. Summary key characteristics are as follows: Lower Atbara Area: Key characteristics: Desert area with low rainfall and scare natural resources. Urban-Rural interaction pronounced. Limited Mechanised farming. Limited population pressure due limited livelihoods. Environmental carrying capacity low. Substantial previous experience with community participatory planning and development (Nomadic and semi-nomadic pastoralists excepted). Project area located within one Locality. Key target groups: Sedentary communities and small scale farmers along the Atbara river. Semi- nomadic and nomadic pastoralists. Women. Land less. Bau Locality: Key characteristics: Remote and poorly connected area. War stricken area. One of three disputed areas. Influx of IDPs and land tenure distribution/management still on- going. Recent institutional restructuring and institution building still on-going. Precipitation and natural resources favourable. Area prone to drought and flooding. Very limited experience with community participatory planning. Project area within one Locality. Key target groups: Sedentary communities and small scale farmers. Semi-nomadic and nomadic pastoralists migrating through the area. Women. Landless. Mechanised farmers. Gold panners. Charcoal makers. ra02e 2005-01-17 Eastern Nile Technical Regional Office Watershed Management Fast Track Project, Sudan 2 (51) 2008 Project 1989151; Dinder National Park and Surroundings: Key characteristics: Remote and poorly connected area. Poor access to and degraded natural resources around the Park resulting in encroachment on the Park for livelihoods. Area prone to drought and flooding. Pronounce conflicts between Park management and communities. Cases of conflicts between various population groups over natural resources. Previous experience with community participatory planning and development. Some IDPs. Project area cover three states and five Localities (Rosaries Locality in the Blue Nile State; three localities in Gedaref State; and Dinder Locality in Sennar State) Key target groups: Sedentary communities bordering the Dinder National Park. Communities within the National Park boundary (Magano and Kadalu). Semi-nomadic and nomadic pastoralists
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